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Li and Cheng ^[^1^] and Hong and Kim ^[^2^] proposed several similarity measures between intuitionistic fuzzy sets and between vague sets, respectively. In this paper, by analyzing these similarity measures, we show that they are not reasonable in some cases. Some new methods for measuring the degree of similarity between intuitionistic fuzzy sets and between elements are proposed and their properties are discussed. These new methods turned out to be more reasonable by comparison. Finally, we use the same examples given by Li and Cheng ^[^1^] to show the application of the new measure methods in pattern recognition.

The gas barrier property of a silicon oxide (SiOx) film synthesized from plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition using the tetramethysilane (TMS)-oxygen gas mixture was modified by introducing ammonia gas in the glow discharge. The change in the glow discharge with the ammonia gas incorporation was monitored by an optical emission spectrometer (OES). Structures, chemical bond configurations, and material properties of the resulting films were investigated. The introduced ammonia gas in the TMS-oxygen plasma resulted in emission lines dominated by the N2 and CN species with the suppression of the OH and oxygen-related radicals, thereby introducing nitrogen and carbon atoms in the deposited film. A silicon oxynitride (SiOxNy) film had the best surface morphology and the lowest residual internal stress was achievable by controlling the reactant gas flow ratio of the ammonia and oxygen. The barrier property to the water vapor permeation of the silicon oxide film (~1.65 g/m2/day) deposited onto the polyethylene terephthalate (PET) substrate was thus greatly improved to 0.06 g/m2/day for the film synthesized from an adequate TMS-oxygen-ammonia gas mixture.

The method of demodulating was brought forward to estimate the direction-of-arrival (DOA) of linear frequency modulated (LFM) signals. First, we measure the original frequencies and LFM rates of the LFM signals, then apply the measured LFM rate to demodulate the array signals respectively, so as to make certain LFM signal a harmonic signal. Finally, the Capon beam forming method is applied to estimate its DOA. The algorithm can be used to estimate the DOA of coherent LFM signals. This method has an advantage of being less calculation and higher reliability than that based on spatial time-frequency distribution (STFD). And it was tested to be right by computer simulation finally.

An extension of a triangular norm (t-norm for short) called tseminorm is discussed in this paper. Firstly, we introduce the concept of t-seminorms on a complete lattice. Then, we discuss two kinds of residual implications of t-seminorms, and give the equivalent conditions for infinitely ∨-distributive t-seminorms. Furthermore, we define two classes of induced operators of implications on a complete lattice and give the conditions such that they are t-seminorms or infinitely ∧-distributive t-seminorms in their second variables. We also propose another method inducing t-seminorms by implications and another method inducing implications by t-seminorms and involutive negations on a complete lattice.

Correct expressions of the reverse and α-reverse triple I methods for fuzzy reasoning are established in new manners. Aiming at the existing different formulas of the reverse and α-reverse triple I methods based on Łukasiewicz implication I L , we discuss their relations and correct some of them. Further, the α-reverse triple I method is extended to a new form, called α(u,v)-reverse triple I method, which can contain the reverse triple I method as its particular case. This is another improved point to the existing formulas.

The concept of the pointwise sustaining degrees is first introduced, and based on it the triple I principles for fuzzy modus ponens (FMP for short) and fuzzy modus tollens (FMT for short) are improved. And then, for the sake of making more implications can be used under the same way, general computing formulas of the triple I method for FMP and FMT are established under weaker conditions. Thus, the existing unified forms of triple I method are generalized to new forms.