Search

Purpose: This randomized, controlled trial was designed to determine whether the DNA cytometry testing is superior to the conventional cytologic testing for mass cervical cancer screening.Experimental Design: After approval by the institutional ethics review boards from three separate screening centers, a total of 23,993 Chinese women ages 20 to 65 years were randomly assigned into one of the two groups: a DNA cytometry testing group (11,999 women) and a cytologic testing group (11,994 women). Each woman underwent the other testing after first attending the assigned screening test. Women with positive results after assigned testing additionally underwent colposcopy and human papillomaviruses detections, and those with cervical precancerous or cancerous lesions received appropriate treatment. Sensitivity and specificity estimates were adjusted for verification bias. Analyses were by intention to treat and per protocol ways.Results: In the cytometric DNA testing group, cervical cancer was diagnosed in 40 subjects, compared with 24 subjects in the cytologic testing group [hazard ratio for the detection of advanced cancer in the DNA cytometry testing group, 0.42; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.27-0.60]. The sensitivity of the DNA cytometry testing for cervical cancer was 91.7% (95% CI, 64.3-95.8), whereas the sensitivity of cytologic testing was 44.5% (95% CI, 25.2-61.3; P = 0.008). The specificity was 54.1% (95% CI, 31.6-69.0) for DNA cytometry testing and 70.6% (95% CI, 46.8-82.5; P = 0.003) for cytologic testing. The sensitivity of both tests used together was 100%, and the specificity was 91.8%. A total of 187 subjects reported mild to severe adverse events after treatment with positive results in 319 women.Conclusions: Our results highlight the benefit of the DNA cytometry testing strategy in mass cervical cancer screening with greater sensitivity and positive predicted value than the conventional cytologic testing in developing settings. (Clin Cancer Res 2009;15(20):6438–45)

Pseudosasa was confirmed as polyphyletic by recent phylogenetic analyses, with Chinese species of Pseudosasa distantly related to those from Japan. Among the Chinese species of Pseudosasa, Pseudosasa pubiflora is a morphologically unique as well as taxonomically problematic species endemic to South China, of which the generic designation is still uncertain. Molecular analyses based on both plastid and nuclear genomic data demonstrated that this species is closest to the recently published genus Sinosasa. Morphologically, the two are somewhat similar to each other in flowering branches developing at the nodes of every order of branches, raceme-like units of inflorescence with 3–5 short spikelets, each spikelet with few florets including a rudimentary one at the apex, and each floret with 3 stamens and 2 stigmas. However, P. pubiflora is very different from Sinosasa species in many reproductive and vegetative characters, such as the morphology of paracladia (lateral spikelet “pedicels”), the absence or existence of pulvinus at the base of paracladia, the relative length of the upper glume and the lowest lemma, the shape of lodicules and primary culm buds, the branch complement, the morphology of nodes, culm leaves and dried foliage leaf blades, and the number of foliage leaves per ultimate branchlet. The morphological and molecular evidence warrants recognition of a new genus to accommodate this unique species, which is here named Kengiochloa. After consulting related literature and examination of herbarium specimens or specimen photos, a taxonomic revision of K. pubiflora and its synonyms was made, and it was confirmed that four names, viz. P. gracilis, Yushania lanshanensis, Arundinaria tenuivagina and P. parilis, should be merged with K. pubiflora, while Indocalamus pallidiflorus and Acidosasa paucifolia are distinct species.

This study aims to end the debate whether Indosasa triangulata belongs to Indosasa or Pleioblastus. The evidence from our morphological study and molecular phylogenetic analyses clearly indicate that Indosasa triangulata should be a member of Pleioblastus, rather than Indosasa, and is a distinct species close to Pleioblastus maculatus and P. oleosus. Thus, it is transferred from Indosasa to Pleioblastus in this study. A detailed description as well as two color plates of this species is also provided.

In this study, a tunable in-series multi-wavelength distributed feedback laser array (DFB-MLA) based on reconstruction-equivalent-chirp (REC) technique with simple wavelength tuning scheme is presented and experimentally demonstrated. Unlike traditional DFB laser tuned by thermal-electric cooler (TEC), the proposed laser tuned by injection current can realize faster wavelength-tuning and reduce TEC power consumption. By comparing the thermal influence of different structures of heatsink blocks, several optimized block structures are selected for appropriate thermal conductivity and controllable heat dissipation, resulting in a broad and continuous wavelength tuning range. The proposed in-series DFB-MLA on optimized heatsink achieves better tuning performance with a wavelength tuning range of ~2.4 nm per channel from 40 to 120 mA and stable output power of over 20 mW compared to the laser mounted on the standard heatsink block with the tuning range of 1.4 nm per channel. Furthermore, the tunable laser keeps good single-mode stability, with a side mode suppressing ratio (SMSR) of over 40 dB. Thus, this study provides a new perspective for designing a low-cost continuous tunable semiconductor laser with a simple tuning mechanism in the future.

Based on field investigations and a review of relevant literature and specimens, Agapetes leiocarpa is shown to be conspecific with A. atrosanguinea and thus is reduced as a synonym under the latter. The floral morphology of A. camelliifolia is described for the first time based on living collections from the wild. Revised descriptions, color plates and taxonomic notes of these two species are also provided.

Objective: This study is the first time to explore the feasibility of CO2 laser treating some eyelid lacrimal puncta benign tumor. Background: Eyelid lacrimal papillae is special anatomy region. Tr...

Adjusting the structure of the inorganic components has been proved to be an efficient method for the performance optimization of organic-inorganic hybrid materials. One particular organic ligand can typically form numerous hybrid structures with one inorganic source; however, in most cases, only one thermodynamically stable phase can be obtained, which may not be the one with the best properties. Here, we reported a novel method for modulating the optical properties of antimony halide based organic-inorganic hybrid materials by kinetic control of the synthesis. Under such an approach, the kinetically stable phase can be synthesized, which exhibits significantly improved quantum efficiency compared to the thermodynamically stable phase. This approach provides a new route for the development of high-performance organic-inorganic hybrid materials.

A photoluminescent organic-inorganic hybrid coating is synthesized by the incorporation of an emissive Cu

We investigate the interplay between the Kondo effect and the ferromagnetism by an one dimension Anderson impurity model with a spin partially polarized bath, using the projective truncation approximation under Lacroix basis.The equal-time spatial spin-spin correlation function (SSCF) is calculated. For the case of spin-unpolarized conduction electrons, it agrees qualitatively with the results from density matrix renormalization group (DMRG). For system with partially spin-polarized conduction electrons, an oscillation in the envelope of SSCF emerges due to the beating of two Friedel oscillations associated to two spin-split Fermi surfaces of conduction electrons. The period is proportional to the inverse of magnetic field $h$. A fitting formula is proposed to perfectly fits the numerical results of SSCF in both the short- and long-range regions. For large enough bath spin polarization, a bump appears in the curve of the integrated SSCF. It marks the boundary between the suppressed Kondo cloud and the polarized bath sites., 12 pages, 9 figures

For various engineering and industrial applications it is desirable to realize mechanical systems with broadly adjustable elasticity to respond flexibly to the external environment. Here we discover a topology-correlated transition between affine and non-affine regimes in elasticity in both two- and three-dimensional packing-derived networks. Based on this transition, we numerically design and experimentally realize multifunctional systems with adjustable elasticity. Within one system, we achieve solid-like affine response, liquid-like non-affine response and a continuous tunability in between. Moreover, the system also exhibits a broadly tunable Poisson's ratio from positive to negative values, which is of practical interest for energy absorption and for fracture-resistant materials. Our study reveals a fundamental connection between elasticity and network topology, and demonstrates its practical potential for designing mechanical systems and metamaterials., 10 pages, 5 figures

Argostemma tortilobum, a new species endemic to Vietnam, is described and illustrated. The species is morphologically most similar to A. sarmentosum, but differs in having erect stem without runners, densely pilose peduncle and twisted corolla lobes with ciliate margins.

Background Postoperative delirium (POD), one of the most common complications following major surgery, imposes a heavy burden on patients and society. The objective of this exploratory study was to conduct a secondary analysis to identify whether there exist novel and reliable serum biomarkers for the prediction of POD. Methods A total of 131 adult patients (≥ 65 years) undergoing lower extremity orthopedic surgery with were enrolled in this study. Cognitive function was assessed preoperatively with Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE). Delirium was diagnosed according to the Confusion Assessment Method (CAM) criteria on preoperative day and postoperative days 1–3. The preoperative serum levels of a panel of 16 biochemical parameters were measured by ELISA. Results Thirty-five patients developed POD, with an incidence of 26.7%. Patients in POD group were older (P = 0.001) and had lower preoperative MMSE scores (P = 0.001). Preoperative serum levels of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2, P P P P = 0.002) in POD group were significantly increased. Logistic regression analysis showed that advanced age (OR = 1.144, 95%CI: 1.008 ~ 1.298, P = 0.037), higher serum neurofilament light (OR = 1.003, 95%CI: 1.000 ~ 1.005, P = 0.036) and PGE2 (OR = 1.031, 95%CI: 1.018 ~ 1.044, P P Conclusions Our study showed that higher preoperative serum PGE2 level might be a biomarker to predict the occurrence of POD in elderly patients undergoing elective orthopedic surgery. Trial registration NCT03792373 www.clinicaltrials.gov.

Copper(I) halide organic-inorganic hybrid luminescent materials have many advantages, such as diverse structure, facile synthesis, high luminescent efficiency, tunable optical performance, etc., and show a broad application prospect in energy-saving lighting, display and other fields. However, compared with commercial rare-earth-metal-based phosphors, the reported hybrids generally suffer from poor stability and low luminescent efficiency, which are the bottleneck problem of their practical application. With the aim of developing high-performance organic-inorganic hybrid luminescent materials, a new synthesis strategy has been reported. This strategy can systematically design and synthesis copper(I) halide ionic hybrid structures by combining the covalent bonding and ionic bonding between inorganic and organic components into one structure, and use their synergistic effect to optimizing their properties. This design method is expected to develop high-performance organic-inorganic hybrid luminescent materials, promote the in-depth understanding of this field, and provide new ideas for the optimization of other types of hybrid materials.

Here, an effective strategy for the preparation of luminescent organic-inorganic hybrid coatings (OIHCs) by the incorporation of an emissive Cu4I4 core into cross-linked coating networks through coordination bonds is reported. The luminescent coatings obtained show potential application in a variety of areas, and such a synthetic strategy of the incorporation of an emissive inorganic core into extended networks has proven to be an efficient method for the synthesis of luminescent OIHCs.

In the present work, two titanium precursors, titanium tetraisopropanolate (TTIP) and tetrabutyl titanate (TBOT), have been used to prepare titanium-based hybrid coatings by sol–gel method, with gl...

It is believed that the slow liquid diffusion and geometric frustration brought by a rapid, deep quench inhibit fast crystallization and promote vitrification. Here we report fast crystal growth in charged colloidal systems under deep supercooling, where liquid diffusion is extremely low. By combining experiments and simulations, we show that this process occurs via wall-induced barrierless ordering consisting of two coupled steps: the step-like advancement of the rough interface that disintegrates frustration, followed by defect repairing inside the newly formed solid phase. The former is a diffusionless collective process, whereas the latter controls crystal quality. We further show that the intrinsic mechanical instability of a disordered glassy state subject to the crystal growth front allows for domino-like fast crystal growth even at ultra-low temperatures. These findings contribute to a deeper understanding of fast crystal growth and may be useful for applications related to vitrification prevention and crystal-quality control.

Carpinus polyneura and C. dayongina are recognised as separate species in Flora of China. In this study, the results of an examination of literature, morphological comparison and phenetic clustering of nuclear ITS sequences suggest that C. dayongina is conspecific with C. polyneura. Thus, we propose reducing C. dayongina to a synonym of C. polyneura.

The thermal transport properties of NiNb2O6 as anode material for lithium-ion battery and the effect of strain were studied by machine learning interatomic potential combined with Boltzmann transport equation. The results show that the lattice thermal conductivity of NiNb2O6 along the three crystal directions [100], [010], and [001] are 0.947 W⋅m−1⋅K−1, 0.727 W⋅m−1⋅K−1, and 0.465 W⋅m−1⋅K−1, respectively, indicating the anisotropy of the lattice thermal conductivity of NiNb2O6. This anisotropy of the lattice thermal conductivity stems from the significant difference of phonon group velocities in different crystal directions of NiNb2O6. When the tensile strain is applied along the [001] crystal direction, the lattice thermal conductivity in all three directions decreases. However, when the compressive strain is applied, the lattice thermal conductivity in the [100] and [010] crystal directions is increased, while the lattice thermal conductivity in the [001] crystal direction is abnormally reduced due to the significant inhibition of compressive strain on the group velocity. These indicate that the anisotropy of thermal conductivity of NiNb2O6 can be enhanced by the compressive strain, and reduced by the tensile strain.

Pb–Te–Li oxide glasses have been widely applied in front silver (Ag) paste metallization of crystalline silicon (c-Si) solar cells. In practical application, some other important glass compositions, such Bi2O3, SiO2, ZnO and so on, are often added into Pb–Te–Li oxide glasses to improve the quality of Ag/Si contact. In this paper, the significant effects of these glass compositions on the Ag/Si contact are demonstrated by discussing their influences on the formation of Ag colloids in the interface, the erosion of glass to Si, the glass phase conductivity, and the glass passivation performance at the contact interface. The results show that the addition of Bi2O3 or SiO2 into the glass may reduce the Ag/Si contact resistivity, because Bi2O3 can promote the formation of Ag colloid in the interface glass layer and increase the interface glass phase conductivity, and SiO2 can weaken the erosion ability of the glass to keep relatively high dopant concentration in the contacted Si surface. The addition of ZnO into the glass may aggravate the erosion to Si and decrease the glass phase conductivity. It is inferred that increasing Bi2O3 and SiO2 or reducing ZnO can improve the glass passivation performance at the contact interface. Through the application in Ag paste metallization, the important effects of the glass compositions on the electrical properties of solar cells are shown that Bi2O3 and SiO2 in the glasses are helpful to increase the open-circuit voltage and short-circuit current, while ZnO is very useful for raising fill factor.

A highly stable three-dimensional (3D) silver chloride cluster based coordination polymer (CP) with diphosphines ligand with the formula of [Ag4Cl4(L)2]n (1) (L = 1,3-bis(diphenylphosphino)propane, bdpp) has been prepared at room temperature. 1 was examined for the removal of Rhodamine B in aqueous solution, exhibiting potential for the removal of contaminants from wastewater.

The floral morphological description of Vaccinium glaucophyllum is supplemented based on newly collected flowering material. This species is reassigned to V. section Calcicolus based on its evergreen habit, dimorphic perennating buds, racemose inflorescences with large caducous bracts and pseudo-10-loculed ovary with 2–5 seeds. The information on its type, distribution and conservation status together with color photos is also provided.

Here, we report a novel copper bromide ionic compound (bz-ted)CuBr2(tpp)2·H2O (1, tpp = triphenylphosphine, and bz-ted = 1-benzyl-1,4-diazabicyclo[2.2.2]octan-1-ium) by a facile wet chemistry method. The inorganic module of the compound is CuBr2− coordinated to two tpp molecules, generating strong blue photoluminescence originating from the metal-to-ligand-charge-transfer (MLCT) process. The combination of both ionic bonds and covalent bonds in the hybrid cluster makes compound 1 strongly emissive, robust and solution-processable. Such a coordinated anionic inorganic module presents a new approach for the development of highly luminescent and stable copper halide ionic hybrid structures.

Copper halide-based organic–inorganic hybrid structures exhibit potentials as rare-earth element (REE)-free lighting materials. However, compared to the performance of commercial phosphors, the luminescence efficiency and stability of these hybrid materials need to be optimized. In this article, the structural characteristics and synthetic methods of these hybrid materials are introduced. In addition, strategies for enhancing the stability and quantum yields of these compounds are reviewed. Finally, the approaches for white-light emission are summarized.

Background Surgical site infection (SSI), as one of the most common hospital-acquired infection, is usually associated with increased morbidity, mortality, and health care burden. SSI is a significant perioperative complication after colon cancer surgery, particularly for left-sided colon cancer. This paper describes the background and design of the “Surgical Site Infection after intracorporeal anastomosis for Left-sided Colon Cancer: study protocol for a non-inferiority multicenter Randomized Controlled Trial (STARS).” The STARS trial aims to compare the incidence of SSI after intracorporeal anastomosis and extracorporeal anastomosis after radical resection of colon cancer and to explore the risk factors of SSI. Methods A total of 354 left colon cancer patients from 8 hospitals in China will be enrolled in this multi-center randomized controlled study. The primary outcome of this study is the incidence of SSI 30 days after left-sided colon cancer surgery. Secondary outcome measures include operation time, blood loss, conversion rate, incidence of perioperative complications, completeness of resection, number of lymph nodes collected and postoperative recovery characteristics, 3-year disease-free survival, and 5-year overall survival. The first patient was enrolled in January 2021. Discussion To our knowledge, this is the first prospective multicenter study to investigate whether there is a difference in the SSI incidence after intracorporeal and extracorporeal anastomosis for left-sided colon cancer in China. The results may provide more evidence that supports performing total laparoscopic left-sided colon cancer surgery. Trial registration The trial has been registered on ClinicalTrials.gov website (ID: NCT04201717). Registered on September 22, 2020

Fargesia sapaensis N.H.Xia & Y.Y.Zhang, a new species from Lao Cai, Vietnam, is described and illustrated. The new species is similar to F. dracocephala T.P.Yi and F. fansipanensis T.Q.Nguyen, but differs from the former mainly in its mid-culm complement of 3–7 branches at each node, auricles of culm sheaths absent, 2‒6 florets per spikelet, 7‒10 mm long first glume and 2‒3 mm long lodicules, and from the latter by its culm sheaths shorter than culm internodes, 3–4 leaves per ultimate branch, and a mid-culm complement of 3–7 branches at each node.

Background: Previous studies have pointed out that sevoflurane (Sef) preconditioning could relieve myocardial ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury, but the mechanisms is still unknown. Methods: C57BL/6 mice model of myocardial I/R injury was established to evaluate the function of Sef. Briefly, Sef was inhaled before I/R operation. The levels of TIMP3, oxidative damage-related factors, and mitogen activated protein kinases (MAPKs) pathway-related factors were measured by qRT-PCR and western blot. Myocardial infarction (MI) area was detected by triphenyl tetrazolium chloride (TTC) staining assay. Results: Sef preconditioning reduced MI area in myocardial I/R injury mice and upregulated TIMP3 expression in myocardial tissues of I/R mice. In addition, downregulation of TIMP3 reversed the alleviating effects of Sef pretreatment on myocardial oxidative damage and inhibited the effect of Sef pretreatment on MAPKs pathway activity. Conclusion: Sef preconditioning ameliorated myocardial I/R injury by modulating MAPKs pathway activity via upregulating TIMP3.

Crystallization under geometrical confinement is of fundamental importance in condensed matter physics, biophysics and material science. Even the influence of the simplest geometry, a sphere, on crystallization remains far from well understood, thereby making morphology control of the final superstructures challenging. Here, we employ charged colloids encapsulated in an emulsion droplet as a model system to access the crystallization kinetics at the single-particle level. We find rapid formation of ‘skin’ layers with an icosahedral arrangement of defects under the geometrical frustration effect, followed by interior ordering and slow ripening. The final morphologies are determined by dynamical interplay between the system-independent skin layer formation and the system-dependent structural transformation towards the most stable solid far from the surface. We reveal the crucial role of kinetics in morphological selection under a geometrical constraint, besides the thermodynamics, which may shed new light on the structural design of nanoscale crystals. The authors investigate the role of spherical confinement and curvature-induced topological defects on the crystallization of charged colloids. They conclude that crystallization in spherical confinement is due to a combination of thermodynamics and kinetic pathways.

Food is the foundation of human survival. With the development and progress of society, people increasingly focus on the problems of food quality and safety, which is closely related to human's health. Thus, the whole industrial chain from farmland to dining table need to be strictly controlled. Traditional detection methods are time‐consuming, laborious, and destructive. In recent years, hyperspectral technology has been more and more applied to food safety and quality detection, because the technology can achieve rapid and nondestructive detection of food, and the requirement to experimental condition is low; operability is strong. In this paper, hyperspectral imaging technology was briefly introduced, and its application in agricultural products and food detection in recent years was systematically summarized, and the key points in the research process were deeply discussed. This work lays a solid foundation for the peers to the following in‐depth research and application of this technology., Compared with chemical detection, the advantages of this technology were introduced.The application progress of hyperspectral technology in primary agricultural products and food in recent years was systematically reviewed.The deficiency and key points of this technology in the research were discussed in depth.

A natural fermentation with multispecies is an important technique to produce traditional vinegars. However, the flavor-producing core bacteria closely related to each phase are still poorly unders...

Attempts to improve the application performance of noncontact silver (Ag) screen-printing paste for crystalline silicon solar cells, especially in terms of solderability, depend heavily on controlling the properties of the glass additive therein. Taking PbO–B2O3–SiO2–RxOy glasses as an example, this work demonstrates an improvement in the Ag paste due to the RxOy (e.g., ZnO, Bi2O3, Al2O3, and MgO) component. The RxOy components were found to help improve the sintering compactness of the Ag paste. The inclusion of the different RxOy components resulted in obvious differences in the soldering state of the sintered Ag grid. Microscopic observations revealed that the soldering state was related to the covering of the solder on the Ag grid and the growth rate of the intermetallic compound Ag3Sn during soldering. Comparatively, the sintered Ag grid was soldered more firmly when the glass containing the Bi2O3 or Al2O3 component was used in the Ag paste. This is due to the higher coverage of solder on these Ag grids and the appropriate growth rate of Ag3Sn. Considering these findings, the functions of the RxOy components are discussed comprehensively.

The design of nitrogen-doped hierarchical porous carbons (NPCs) with unique physicochemical properties has progressively become a pressing work on account of requirement that next-generation supercapacitors possess higher energy storage capacity. Nitrogen-doped hierarchical porous carbons are fabricated by one-step pyrolysis of chitosan hydrogels with in-situ growing hydroxyapatite templates. During the pyrolysis, the carbonization and activation can be completed simultaneously to create abundant of micropores, mesopores and macropores. Meanwhile nitrogen is introduced into the hierarchical porous carbons to boost its electrochemical properties. The optimized NPC-MHK with the high surface area of 2165.5 m2 g−1 exhibits a favorable specific gravimetric capacitance of 306.4 F g−1 and cycling stability with 93.0% of capacitance retention after 10 000 cycles in the 6 M KOH electrolyte. In addition, the assembled NPC-MHK// NPC-MHK symmetric supercapacitors are effective to support the light-emitting diodes. This simple and environmental-friendly strategy has universal significance in fabricating heteroatom-doped hierarchical porous carbons on a vast scale for advanced energy storage and conversion devices.

Cesium lead halide perovskite nanocrystals (CLHP NCs) have drawn considerable attention because of their promising optoelectrical properties. However, owing to the extreme vulnerability of CLHP NCs to water and polar alcohols, until now most synthesis approaches inevitably adopted ecounfriendly solvents. It is still a challenge to employ green polar alcohol (ethanol) as a solvent to synthesize CLHP NCs. In this work, we realized the room-temperature in situ synthesis of CsPbBr3/SiO2 sol entirely in ethanol by innovatively constructing amine-functionalized silica micelles, which originated from the synergistic effect of 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane and tetraethylorthosilicate (TEOS) during an acid-catalyzed sol-gel process. The sol exhibited high stability and an absolute photoluminescence quantum yield of 61.9% in ethanol without a further modification process. The light-emitting intensity of the sol preserved for 34 days merely declined to 62.1%. This work sheds light on the less common strategy of directly synthesizing CsPbBr3 NCs and long-term stable preservation in a strongly polar solvent.

Since the application of silver (Ag) electrodes is of vital importance to the power output of crystalline silicon (c-Si) solar cells, the factors affecting Ag paste metallization contact performance on Si wafers need to get well understood. Herein, the correlation of Ag/Si contact resistivity and glasses used in Ag paste was studied comprehensively. Here taken for exemplification are three types of glass samples used in Ag paste, because the application of them can result in obvious differences in the contact interface characteristics as well as in the contact resistivity. It was found that the factors affecting contact resistivity include the formation of Ag colloids in the glass phase, the doping concentration in the contacted Si surface, and the fixed charge density and defect states density at the interface. In terms of these issues, the key functions and mechanisms of glasses used in Ag paste are elucidated, and also their effects on electrical performance of cells are discussed in this article.

A new genus of Arundinarieae, Khoonmengia, is established to accommodate a unique new bamboo species, K. honbaensis, from central-southern Vietnam. The morphological features, habitats and distribution of Khoonmengia and related genera, i.e. Ampelocalamus and Hsuehochloa, are compared. The characters of its scrambling habit, internodes with brownish green dots, conspicuous nodes swollen at one side, elliptic buds wholly sunken into culm, extravaginal branching pattern, mid-culm branch complement with one central dominant branch elongating to reiterate the culm accompanied by several lateral slender branches, swollen culm sheath base with a distinctive zone of transverse wrinkles, synflorescence composed of only one spikelet, single or several to many synflorescences arranged into a raceme or panicle terminal on leafy branches, purple anthers and nut-like caryopsis with hardened pericarp and loosely adherent lemma and palea distinguish K. honbaensis from morphologically similar taxa. In order to investigate the phylogenetic position of this unknown bamboo, molecular phylogenetic analyses based on the nuclear gene GBSSI were also conducted, and the results proved that K. honbaensis is definitely a member of Arundinarieae with an isolated position, which also indicated that this species could not be assigned to any of the already described genera and supported the establishment of the new genus.