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Abstract Background This study aimed to explore the association between drinking water source and risk of upper gastrointestinal (UGI) cancer, including esophageal cancer (EC) and gastric cancer (GC), in the Linxian General Population Nutrition Intervention Trial (NIT) cohort. Methods In this study, we used data from the Linxian NIT cohort, which included 29,584 healthy adults aged 40 to 69 years. Subjects were enrolled in April 1986 and followed up until March 2016. Tap water drinking status and demographic characteristics were collected at baseline. Subjects who drank tap water were treated as the exposed group. Hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) were estimated using the Cox proportional hazard model. Results A total of 5,463 cases of UGI cancer were identified during the 30-year follow-up period. After adjusting for multiple factors, the incidence rate of UGI cancer in participants who drank tap water was significantly lower compared with individuals in the control (HR = 0.91, 95% CI: 0.86–0.97). A similar association was observed between tap water drinking and EC incidence (HR = 0.89, 95% CI: 0.82–0.97). The association between drinking tap water and risk of UGI cancer and EC incidence did not vary across the subgroup by age and gender (All P interaction > 0.05). For EC incidence, an interaction effect was observed for riboflavin/niacin supplements and drinking water source (P interaction = 0.03). No association was observed between drinking water source and GC incidence. Conclusions In this prospective cohort study in Linxian, participants who drank tap water had a lower risk of EC incidence. As a source of drinking water, use of tap water may reduce the risk of EC by avoiding exposure to nitrate/nitrite. Measures should be taken to improve the quality of drinking water in high-incidence areas of EC. Trial registration The trial is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT00342654, 21/06/2006), and the trial name is Nutrition Intervention Trials in Linxian Follow-up Study.

Biotemplates are often used in the preparation of catalysts due to availability of raw materials and environment-friendly. Herein, three biomorphic CeO2 were prepared from waste tobacco materials and impregnated with 1 wt% Ru for the catalytic combustion of vinyl chloride. The results showed that the biotemplates greatly affected the properties of the catalysts. 1Ru/CeO2-YS exhibited the best catalytic activity and superior stability because of its abundant oxygen vacancies, sufficient acidic sites and the optimal redox properties. SEM images suggested that CeO2-YS and CeO2-YM maintained the basic structure of the biotemplates. Moreover, a possible reaction mechanism over Ru/CeO2 was proposed.

Abstract Background LCAR-B38M is a chimeric antigen receptor T cell product with two binding domains targeting B cell maturation antigen. Our previous reports showed a remarkable efficacy of LCAR-B38M in patients with relapsed/refractory multiple myeloma (RRMM) at a median follow-up of 2 years. Here, we report long-term safety and efficacy data from a median follow-up of 4 years. Methods LEGEND-2 was a phase 1, single-arm, open-label study conducted in four registered sites in China. Seventy-four participants with RRMM received LCAR-B38M treatment. Lymphodepletion was performed using cyclophosphamide or cyclophosphamide plus fludarabine. LCAR-B38M, at a median dose of 0.513 × 106 cells/kg, was intravenously administered either in three split infusions or in a single infusion. The primary objective was the safety of LCAR-B38M, and the secondary objective was efficacy. Results As of May 25, 2021, the median follow-up was 47.8 months. All patients experienced ≥ 1 adverse events (AEs). Grade ≥ 3 AEs were observed in 45/74 (60.8%) patients. Cytokine release syndrome (CRS) occurred in 68/74 (91.9%) cases; 7 (9.5%) had grade ≥ 3 CRS. One patient experienced grade 1 central nervous system toxicity. The overall response rate was 87.8%. Fifty-four out of 74 (73.0%) patients achieved complete response. The median progression-free survival was 18.0 months, and the median overall survival for all patients was not reached. The median duration of response was 23.3 months. Four patients experienced viral infection more than 6 months post-infusion, and four patients developed second primary non-hematological malignancies at a median time of 11.5 months post-CAR-T cell transfer. Conclusions The 4-year follow-up data of LCAR-B38M therapy demonstrated a favorable long-term safety profile and a durable response in patients with RRMM. Trial registration Clinicaltrials.gov NCT03090659 (retrospectively registered on March 27, 2017); ChiCTR-ONH-17012285.

This study analyzed the impact of surface deformation on the stability of overhead transmission lines and proposed corresponding countermeasures. The research first explored the mechanical effects of tower tilt, displacement, and suspension point changes caused by surface deformation on transmission lines. These effects include redistribution of conductor tension and deviation of insulator strings. Through mathematical models and engineering approximations, the specific effects of tower foundation settlement and horizontal displacement along the line direction on the operating conditions of various levels of overhead lines were analyzed in detail. The research has shown that surface deformation can cause suspension points to become stress concentration areas, leading to deformation or damage of suspension plates and their fixing components, thereby affecting the stability of the power system. To accurately assess these impacts, it is recommended to use high-precision measuring instruments for regular data collection and analysis. In addition, this study emphasizes the importance of considering the role of additional forces in structural design and selecting tower materials with sufficient strength, stiffness, and corrosion resistance. Finally, this paper proposes a series of maintenance and adjustment measures, such as re-tensioning wires, adjusting tower positions, or adding additional support structures, to ensure the safe and stable operation of the line. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper proposes an active and reactive power dispatch method for a wind farms (WF) considering the real‐time service quality and the available power to achieve the fair power allocation within the WF. The goal is to ensure operational safety while meeting the power demand instructions from the dispatch centre. This paper generates WF service quality metrics based on real‐time monitoring data of key components to characterize the operational stability of the wind turbines (WTs). Specifically, service quality metrics related to active/reactive power are constructed separately to improve the accuracy of service quality assessment and power dispatch. The available power is then integrated into the service quality metrics to derive active/reactive power allocation factors, considering operational safety and power margin. Active power allocation is constrained by the power demand instructions, while reactive power allocation aims to maintain the WT terminal voltage within a feasible range. The proposed method can ensure the fair power allocation within WFs to meet the requirements of equipment reliability, voltage safety, and power supply simultaneously, which can improve resource utilization and avoid the potential failure. Case studies in MATLAB/Simulink confirm the effectiveness of the proposed method. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Chemical modification of peptides and proteins has emerged as an efficient strategy to study and manipulate the physical and chemical properties and biological functionalities of proteins. Among the 20 proteinogenic amino acids, cysteine is one of the most frequently targeted residues for chemical modification of peptides and proteins due to its unique thiol group and its relatively low natural abundance. Cysteine is able to partake in radical and atom‐, electron‐ and hydride‐transfer reactions taking the benefit of redox activity of thiol side chain. Recently, photo‐ and electrochemistry have emerged as influential methodologies for enabling novel transformations in organic synthesis. These two fields both involve the generation of radical intermediates through single electron transfer processes, which align well with the redox activity of cysteine residue. Furthermore, the mild and controllable features are suitable for solving the chemo‐ and regioselective problems of the existing bioconjugation strategies. Given the intrinsic benefits of photo‐ and electrochemical redox catalysis, the application of developing novel cysteine‐based bioconjugation methods is increasingly compelling. This review provides a comprehensive overview of recent advancements in photo‐ and electrochemical approaches for modifying cysteine amino acid residues, cysteine‐containing peptides, and proteins. The advantages of photo‐ and electrochemical redox catalysis and its applicability in developing novel biocompatible methods are discussed. Additionally, the current limitations of these methods and the challenges that need to be addressed in the future are also explored. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]