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Equine vaccinations presentation.

Since its national debut in 1987, Fresh Air with Terry Gross has been a highly acclaimed and much adored weekday magazine among public radio listeners. Each week, nearly 4.8 million people turn to Peabody Award-winning host Terry Gross for insightful conversations with the leading voices in contemporary arts and issues. The renowned program reaches a global audience, with over 620 public radio stations broadcasting Fresh Air, and 3 million podcast downloads each week. Fresh Air has broken the mold of 'talk show' by weaving together superior journalism and intimate storytelling from modern-day intellectuals, politicians and artists alike. Through probing questions and careful research, Gross's interviews are lauded for revealing a fresh perspective on cultural icons and trends. Her thorough conversations are often complemented by commentary from well-known contributors. Fresh Air is produced at WHYY-FM in Philadelphia and broadcast nationally by NPR., (1.) Journalist HOWARD BLUM (like "plum") is the author of the new book Dark Invasion: Germany's Secret War Against America. It's about the campaign of sabotage German agents began in the U.S. at the time of World War I, when the U.S. took a stance of neutrality. The story includes a number of colorful characters including a count and socialite ambassador who became a master spy; a former harvard professor who murdered his first wife, was on the lam, assumed a new identity, became a spy and made an assassination attempt on J.P. Morgan; and a squad of NYC police men recruited to uncover the plots. The book is the basis of an upcoming film. BLUM is a contributing editor for Vanity Fair, and a former investigative reporter for the New York Times. (INTERVIEW BY DAVE DAVIES) (THIS INTERVIEW CONTINUES INTO THE SECOND HALF OF THE SHOW). (2.) We remember writer, director and actor HAROLD RAMIS who died yesterday at the age of 69. We listen back to an excerpt of our 2005 interview with him. (REBROADCAST from 11.21.05) (3.) Jazz critic KEVIN WHITEHEAD has an appreciation of Eric Dolphy's 1964 masterpiece Out to Lunch. It's 50 years old today.

Map showing the cumulative number of case positive premises and animals for the 2005 Utah vesicular stomatitis outbreak. Vesicular stomatitis is a viral disease that primarily affects horses and cattle and occasionally swine, sheep, goats, llamas, and alpacas.

Thesis (M.S.)--Florida Atlantic University, 1974., Summary: Liver, kidney and spleen cells from healthy horses and horses with equine infectious anemia were cultured in vitro. Primary culture of organs from healthy horses yielded typical elongate fibroblast cells. Primary culture of organs from diseased horses yielded a variety of cell types; pleomorphic giant cells being most common. The giant cells did not divide, but either underwent degeneration and death or became transformed into squamous-like cells lacking contact inhibition resulting in the production of foci. Inoculation of normal equine fibroblasts with either serum, plasma, or liver, kidney or spleen extracts from diseased horses resulted in a proliferation of the fibroblasts. Normal liver or kidney fibroblasts cocultivated with equine leucocytes and inoculated with serum or plasma from a diseased horse became transformed. This research supports the proposal that equine infectious anemia virus is an oncornavirus.

Thesis (M.S.)--Florida Atlantic University, 1973., Summary: Leukocytes, harvested from EIA infected horse plasma, were disrupted and partially purified by differential centrifugation. This material was assayed for its capacity to inhibit migration of leukocytes from infected horses. After 6 X 10^6 r of gamma radiation the material was reassayed and 85% of the initial activity remained, indicating that little antigenic destruction had occurred. This material was coupled to rabbit gamma globulin and used for horse inoculation. The above material, uncoupled, and a partially purified irradiated normal horse protein material were used as controls. Responses to immunizations and challenges were monitored. Uncoupled irradiated material produced the disease. Coupled irradiated material did not produce the disease and the immunized horse was resistant to challenge with 1 ml of a 10^-3 dilution of infectious serum for 30 days and, then, to 1 ml of undiluted infectious serum for 30 more days ., Charles E. Schmidt College of Science, Collection: FAU Electronic Theses and Dissertations Collection

Summary: The disease of equine infectious anemia (EIA), since the first records in 1847, has been one of the most serious and deadly virus diseases of the Equidae. The most difficult factor concerning this disease was adequate diagnosis. The clinical diagnosis has proven itself undependable and until 1966 with the Immune-adherence test the laboratory diagnosis was inconclusive. The indirect passive hemagglutination test was used as a possible test for the disease due to its high sensitivity. The indirect passive hemagglutination as the diagnostic test for EIA was based on the use of antibody as the titrating agent instead of the virus. The antibody was removed from the sera of infected horses. The seperation of the antibody was accomplished by use of a DEAE-cellulose column and an increasing salt gradient. The various proteins were sepRrated and measured in a spectrophotometer. The antibody portion was collected and concentrated by polyethylene gycol. The more specific type of antibody (19S) was used in all tests. The indirect passive hemagglutination test was run on a total of 92 sera of which 58 were negative and 34 sera were positive. The test proved reliable in all the sera tested. In support of the IPHA the IA test was run as a comparison., 1967, Thesis (M.S.)--Florida Atlantic University, 1967.

Thesis (M.S.)--Florida Atlantic University, 1971., Summary: It has been shown that sideroleukocyte formation in equine infectious anemia is related to the presence of detectable amounts of ferritin in the serum of the infected animal. The presence of ferritin has been associated with tissue breakdown as a result of the infectious process. A relatively simple agar diffusion technique has been reported which is of value in the screening of horses for the acute phase of equine infectious anemia. It has further been shown that infected leukocytes can be induced to form sideroleukocytes earlier and in greater number by the addition of ferritin or calcium. Non-infected horses can not be induced to form sideroleukocytes by the addition of only ferritin or calcium or infected sera. However, addition of both ferritin and calcium does cause induction of sideroleukocytes in normal leukocytes. Levels of serum calcium in infected horses were shown to be inversely proportional to both temperature of the animal and the formation of sideroleukocytes. The data indicated the important role of serum levels of ferritin and calcium to the mechanism of sideroleukocyte formation both in vivo and in vitro.

Thesis (M.S.)--Florida Atlantic University, 1971., Summary: Newborn, albino Swiss mice were inoculated with either infectious EIA material or a normal, negative control sample o At weekly intervals, one mouse from each group was sacrificed and its liver assayed for xanthine oxidase activity, nitrogen content, and its relative weight. By the third week of age, mice which had received an infected inoculum displayed no outward signs of illness; yet, on examination, their livers were higher in xanthine oxidase activity, had a greater concentration of nitrogen, and were smaller in size to those of litter mates which had been injected with non-infected material o These effects were accomplished by either infected horse serum or a suspension of white blood cells from an infected horse. In addition, the same effects were demonstrable with either chronic serum from a febrile period, or serum from a true asymptomatic carrier state. White blood cells from an inapparent carrier were unable to induce elevated responses in young mice.

Thesis (M.S.)--Florida Atlantic University, 1973., Summary: An antigenic material was extracted from the leukocytes of horses infected with Equine Infectious Anemia. In unmodified form, this material was infectious, immunogenic, and antigenic. After modification by anti-viral agents and cross-linkage to rabbit gamma globulin, the material retained its immunogenic and antigenic properties, but became non-infectious. Inoculation of the non-infectious antigen into experimental horses elicited antibody production. When these horses were challenged with live virus, the classical symptoms of the disease did not appear. The possibility exists that a protective vaccine was developed from modified antigen preparations.

Summary: Normal and infected equine nasopharyngeal culture samples were investigated for their streptococcal species. Sampling and isolation were greatly facilitated with the use of disposable swabs and streptosel broth (B.B.L.). All nasopharyngeal culture samples contained streptococci. With supplements of veal infusion or heart infusion added for the more fastidious organisms, phenol red broths were employed to determine the species of streptococci present. If the organisms were able to grow in Todd-Hewitt broth with 6.5 per cent saline added, they were subsequently tested for the ability to hydrolyze gelatin. The absence of catalase was noted and the ability or inability to hydrolyze starch was tested. Alpha, beta, and gamma hemolysis on blood agar plates was noted. Alpha-hemolytic colonies were isolated from the nasopharyngeal samples. These alpha-hemolytic streptococci were previously unreported in the literature. Optochin sensitivity tests were done on all alpha hemolytic colonies to confirm streptococcal growth by non-inhibition by ethyl hydrocuprein hydrochloride. Normal horses were found to possess beta-hemolytic streptococci, suggesting an immune carrier state. The presence of these beta-hemolytic streptococci in normal horses was also previously unreported in the literature. Since most of the infected horses sampled were also undergoing chemotherapy, antibiotic sensitivity tests were done on the streptococcal isolates. Penicillin, streptomycin, erythromycin, and bacitracin, antibiotics generally effective against Gram positive organisms were selected for the tests. All equine pathogenic streptococci were sensitive to the antibiotics used in chemotherapy. Streptococcus equi was sensitive to bacitracin where S. zooepidemicus was resistant to the same antibiotic. This may be new method to differentiate the two species. Antistreptolysin-O titers were done on 4 infected horses for more than one month following their upper respiratory symptoms. Only one horse s, 1970, Thesis (M.S.)--Florida Atlantic University, 1970.

Theodore Roosevelt writes his sister Anna Roosevelt that he is drying six heron skins from his expedition to Lloyd's Neck. His brother Elliott and him rowed over. His horse has not yet recovered and Elliott's and his father's saddle horses are in bad shape, too. Dr. Swan gave a good sermon at church and his cousin Corneil fell asleep in the choir.