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The article presents a study that extended the statistical analysis of a research study which identified regions of the gait cycle where joint angular displacements deviated from normative data. To achieve its goal, the study utilized point-wise t-tests on the deviation through the entire gait cycle. The process was done to get a sense of the true regions for which the movement patterns deviated from normal.

Do political ties formed by business groups in export-led emerging economies facilitate or hinder technological capability building? Drawing on dynamic capabilities and organization rigidity literature, this paper argues that the relationship between political ties and technological capabilities in export-led emerging economies is contingent upon the extent of external environmental threats to which the business group is exposed. This paper aims to explain why business groups have invested in political ties are still being inertial to change their resource investment patterns despite the competitive threats from the product market liberalization (e.g., trade liberalization), and how business groups invested in political ties can sustain their preferential accesses to strategic factors until they encounter effective factor market liberalization (e.g., capital market liberalization). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In transition economies, are firms engaging in lobbying through associations more likely to invest in their market capabilities? Drawing on the resource dependence theory and the institution-based view of strategy, this study argues that firms are likely to employ a lobbying strategy to achieve different goals in different institutional circumstances. On the one hand, to increase the value of investment in market capabilities, firms engaging in lobbying focus more on building market-supporting institutions than on pursuing reduced competition if they perceive legislators to be effectively constrained by veto players in the parliamentary system. On the other hand, if firms engaging in lobbying perceive legislators to have discretionary political power and demand bribes, they are likely to alter their lobbying goals, becoming less likely to invest in their market capabilities. The hypotheses are tested using the Business Environment and Enterprise Performance Survey (BEEPS) data set, and the results generally provide support for predicted relationships. This study have important theoretical and practical implications, suggesting that firms engaging in lobbying in business environments with weak market- supporting institutions should carefully consider whether the uncertainty produced by government corruption is a threat to avoid or an opportunity to pursue through lobbying efforts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper aims to identify boundary conditions of real options theory in the context of international joint ventures (IJVs). Drawing upon institutional perspective and experiential learning perspective, we argue that IJVs will provide high divestment flexibility when environmental uncertainty is high and legitimacy pressures are low. If normative and regulative legitimacy pressures are high, IJVs would not provide high divestment flexibility even if host country economic environments are volatile. In a similar vein, we argue that, even though prior country and partner specific experience would reduce perceived uncertainties in the host country, increased legitimacy gained through prior experience would also raise the expected level of local legitimacy and embeddedness for those foreign parents of IJVs. Therefore, reduced perceived uncertainties may not necessarily lead to higher IJV divestment flexibility. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]