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102. From satellite imagery to soil-plant interactions

Author

Popp, Alexander, Blaum, Niels, Domptail, Stephanie, Herpel, Nicole, Gröngröft, Alexander, Hoffman, T. T., Jürgens, Norbert, Milton, Sue, Nuppenau, Ernst-August, Rossmanith, Eva, Schmidt, Michael, Vogel, Melanie, Vohland, Katrin, and Jeltsch, Florian

Subjects
ddc:570, Interdisziplinäres Zentrum für Musterdynamik und Angewandte Fernerkundung, Institut für Biochemie und Biologie, Extern
Abstract

Decisions for the conservation of biodiversity and sustainable management of natural resources are typically related to large scales, i.e. the landscape level. However, understanding and predicting the effects of land use and climate change on scales relevant for decision-making requires to include both, large scale vegetation dynamics and small scale processes, such as soil-plant interactions. Integrating the results of multiple BIOTA subprojects enabled us to include necessary data of soil science, botany, socio-economics and remote sensing into a high resolution, process-based and spatially-explicit model. Using an example from a sustainably-used research farm and a communally used and degraded farming area in semiarid southern Namibia we show the power of simulation models as a tool to integrate processes across disciplines and scales.

Published
2006

108. Cost effectiveness of patient education for the prevention of falls in hospital: economic evaluation from a randomized controlled trial

Author

Haines, T., Hill, A., Hill, Keith, Brauer, S., Hoffman, T., Etherton-Beer, C., McPhail, S., Haines, T., Hill, A., Hill, Keith, Brauer, S., Hoffman, T., Etherton-Beer, C., and McPhail, S.

Abstract

Background: Falls are one of the most frequently occurring adverse events that impact upon the recovery of older hospital inpatients. Falls can threaten both immediate and longer-term health and independence. There is need to identify cost-effective means for preventing falls in hospitals. Hospital-based falls prevention interventions tested in randomized trials have not yet been subjected to economic evaluation. Methods: Incremental cost-effectiveness analysis was undertaken from the health service provider perspective, over the period of hospitalization (time horizon) using the Australian Dollar (A$) at 2008 values. Analyses were based on data from a randomized trial among n = 1,206 acute and rehabilitation inpatients. Decision tree modeling with three-way sensitivity analyses were conducted using burden of disease estimates developed from trial data and previous research. The intervention was a multimedia patient education program provided with trained health professional follow-up shown to reduce falls among cognitively intact hospital patients.Results: The short-term cost to a health service of one cognitively intact patient being a faller could be as high as A$14,591 (2008). The education program cost A$526 (2008) to prevent one cognitively intact patient becoming a faller and A$294 (2008) to prevent one fall based on primary trial data. These estimates were unstable due to high variability in the hospital costs accrued by individual patients involved in the trial. There was a 52% probability the complete program was both more effective and less costly (from the health service perspective) than providing usual care alone. Decision tree modeling sensitivity analyses identified that when provided in real life contexts, the program would be both more effective in preventing falls among cognitively intact inpatients and cost saving where the proportion of these patients who would otherwise fall under usual care conditions is at least 4.0%. Conclusions: This econom

Published
2013

109. A dedicated study of new particle formation and fate in the coastal environment (PARFORCE): overview of objectives and achievements

Author

O'Dowd, C.D., Haemeri, K., Maekelae, J.M., Pirjola, L., Kulmala, M., Jennings, S.G., Berresheim, H., Hansson, H-C., Leeuw, G. de, Kunz, G.J., Allen, A.G., Hewitt, C.N., Jackson, A., Viisanen, Y., Hoffman, T., and TNO Fysisch en Elektronisch Laboratorium

Subjects
Atmospheric composition, Parforce, Aerosol particles, Aerosol composition, Environment, New particle formation
Abstract

A dedicated study into the formation of new particles, New Particle Formation and Fate in the Coastal Environment (PARFORCE), was conducted over a period from 1998 to 1999 at the Mace Head Atmospheric Research Station on the western coast of Ireland. Continuous measurements of new particle formation were taken over the 2-year period while two intensive field campaigns were also conducted, one in September 1998 and the other in June 1999. New particle events were observed on ∼90% of days and occurred throughout the year and in all air mass types. These events lasted for, typically, a few hours, with some events lasting more than 8 hours, and occurred during daylight hours coinciding with the occurrence of low tide and exposed shorelines. During these events, peak aerosol concentrations often exceeded 106 cm−3 under clean air conditions, while measured formation rates of detectable particle sizes (i.e., d > 3 nm) were of the order of 104–105 cm−3 s−1. Nucleation rates of new particles were estimated to be, at least, of the order of 105–106 cm−3 s−1 and occurred for sulphuric acid concentrations above 2 × 106 molecules cm−3; however, no correlation existed between peak sulphuric acid concentrations, low tide occurrence, or nucleation events. Ternary nucleation theory of the H2SO4-H2O-NH3 system predicts that nucleation rates far in excess of 106 cm−3 s−1 can readily occur for the given sulphuric acid concentrations; however, aerosol growth modeling studies predict that there is insufficient sulphuric acid to grow new particles (of ∼1 nm in size) into detectable sizes of 3 nm. Hygroscopic growth factor analysis of recently formed 8-nm particles illustrate that these particles must comprise some species significantly less soluble than sulphate aerosol. The nucleation-mode hygroscopic data, combined with the lack of detectable VOC emissions from coastal biota, the strong emission of biogenic halocarbon species, and the fingerprinting of iodine in recently formed (7 nm) particles suggest that the most likely species resulting in the growth of new particles to detectable sizes is an iodine oxide as suggested by previous laboratory experiments. It remains an open question whether nucleation is driven by self nucleation of iodine species, a halocarbon derivative, or whether first, stable clusters are formed through ternary nucleation of sulphuric acid, ammonia, and water vapor, followed by condensation growth into detectable sizes by condensation of iodine species. Airborne measurements confirm that nucleation occurs all along the coastline and that the coastal biogenic aerosol plume can extend many hundreds of kilometers away from the source. During the evolution of the coastal plume, particle growth is observed up to radiatively active sizes of 100 nm. Modeling studies of the yield of cloud-condensation nuclei suggest that the cloud condensation nuclei population can increase by ∼100%. Given that the production of new particles from coastal biogenic sources occurs at least all along the western coast of Europe, and possibly many other coastlines, it is suggested that coastal aerosols contribute significantly to the natural background aerosol population.

Published
2002

110. Intracranial Abnormalities Requiring Emergency Treatment: Identification by a Single Midline Tomographic Slice Versus Complete CT of the Head

Author

Hoffman T, Lawrence M. Lewis, Awwad E, Kraus G, and Forney Jp

Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty, business.industry, Brain, Retrospective cohort study, General Medicine, Emergency treatment, Sensitivity and Specificity, Surgery, Tomography x ray computed, Emergency surgery, Predictive Value of Tests, Brain Injuries, Predictive value of tests, medicine, Humans, Intracranial lesions, Radiology, Emergencies, Tomography, X-Ray Computed, business, Retrospective Studies
Abstract

We retrospectively reviewed 89 noncontrast computerized tomographic scans of the head in trauma patients to determine whether a single midline image could reliably identify intracranial lesions significant enough to warrant emergency surgery. We found that a midline cut was able to detect 92% of all lesions for which emergency neurosurgical evacuation was considered necessary, though it detected only 71% of the more subtle abnormalities.

Published
1992

112. Factors associated with older patients' engagement in exercise after hospital discharge

Author

Hill, A., Hoffman, T., McPhail, S., Beer, C., Hill, Keith, Brauer, S., Haines, T., Hill, A., Hoffman, T., McPhail, S., Beer, C., Hill, Keith, Brauer, S., and Haines, T.

Abstract

Objectives: To identify factors that are associated with older patients' engagement in exercise in the 6 months after hospital discharge. Design: A prospective observational study using qualitative and quantitative evaluation. Setting: Follow-up of hospital patients in their home setting after discharge from a metropolitan general hospital. Participants: Participants (N=343) were older patients (mean age ± SD, 79.4±8.5y) discharged from medical, surgical, and rehabilitation wards and followed up for 6 months after discharge. Interventions: Not applicable. Main Outcome Measures: Self-perceived awareness and risk of falls measured at discharge with a survey that addressed elements of the Health Belief Model. Engagement and self-reported barriers to engagement in exercise measured at 6 months after discharge using a telephone survey. Results: Six months after discharge, 305 participants remained in the study, of whom 109 (35.7%) were engaging in a structured exercise program. Multivariable logistic regression analysis demonstrated participants were more likely to be engaging in exercise if they perceived they were at risk of serious injury from a fall (odds ratio [OR] =.61; 95% confidence interval [CI], .48–.78; P<.001), if exercise was recommended by the hospital physiotherapist (OR=1.93; 95% CI, 1.03–3.59; P=.04), and if they lived with a partner (OR=1.97; 95% CI, 1.18–3.28; P=.009). Barriers to exercise identified by 168 participants (55%) included low self-efficacy, low motivation, medical problems such as pain, and impediments to program delivery. Conclusions: Older patients have low levels of engagement in exercise after hospital discharge. Researchers should design exercise programs that address identified barriers and facilitators, and provide education to enhance motivation and self-efficacy to exercise in this population.

Published
2011

113. Falls After Discharge From Hospital: Is There a Gap Between Older Peoples’ Knowledge About Falls Prevention Strategies and the Research Evidence?

Author

Hill, A., Hoffman, T., Beer, C., McPhail, S., Hill, Keith, Oliver, D., Brauer, S., Haines, T., Hill, A., Hoffman, T., Beer, C., McPhail, S., Hill, Keith, Oliver, D., Brauer, S., and Haines, T.

Abstract

Purpose: The aim of this study was to examine whether older people are prepared to engage in appropriate falls prevention strategies after discharge from hospital. Design and Methods: We used a semi-structured interview to survey older patients about to be discharged from hospital and examined their knowledge regarding falls prevention strategies to utilize in the post-discharge period. The study was part of a prospective cohort study, nested within a larger, randomized controlled trial. Participants (n = 333) were asked to suggest strategies to reduce their falls risk at home after discharge, and their responses were compared with current reported research evidence for falls prevention interventions. Results: Participants’ strategies (n = 629) were classified into 7 categories: behavioral, support while mobilizing, approach to movement, physical environment, visual, medical, and activities or exercise. Although exercise has been identified as an effective falls risk reduction strategy, only 2.9% of participants suggested engaging in exercises. Falls prevention was most often conceptualized by participants as requiring 1 (35.4%) or 2 (40.8%) strategies for avoiding an accidental event, rather than engaging in sustained multiple risk reduction behaviors. Implications: Results demonstrate that older patients have low levels of knowledge about appropriate falls prevention strategies that could be used after discharge in spite of their increased falls risk during this period. Findings suggest that health care workers should design and deliver falls prevention education programs specifically targeted to older people who are to be discharged from hospital.

Published
2011

114. Patient education to prevent falls among older hospital inpatients: a randomized controlled trial

Author

Haines, T., Hill, A., Hill, Keith, McPhail, S., Oliver, D., Brauer, S., Hoffman, T., Beer, C., Haines, T., Hill, A., Hill, Keith, McPhail, S., Oliver, D., Brauer, S., Hoffman, T., and Beer, C.

Abstract

Background: Falls are a common adverse event during hospitalization of older adults, and few interventions have been shown to prevent them. Methods: This study was a 3-group randomized trial to evaluate the efficacy of 2 forms of multimedia patient education compared with usual care for the prevention of in-hospital falls. Older hospital patients (n=1206) admitted to a mixture of acute (orthopedic, respiratory, and medical) and subacute (geriatric and neurorehabilitation) hospital wards at 2 Australian hospitals were recruited between January 2008 and April 2009. The interventions were a multimedia patient education program based on the health-belief model combined with trained health professional follow-up (complete program), multimedia patient education materials alone (materials only), and usual care (control). Falls data were collected by blinded research assistants by reviewing hospital incident reports, hand searching medical records, and conducting weekly patient interviews. Results: Rates of falls per 1000 patient-days did not differ significantly between groups (control, 9.27; materials only, 8.61; and complete program, 7.63). However, there was a significant interaction between the intervention and presence of cognitive impairment. Falls were less frequent among cognitively intact patients in the complete program group (4.01 per 1000 patient-days) than among cognitively intact patients in the materials-only group (8.18 per 1000 patient-days) (adjusted hazard ratio, 0.51; 95% confidence interval, 0.28-0.93]) and control group (8.72 per 1000 patient-days) (adjusted hazard ratio, 0.43; 95% confidence interval, 0.24-0.78). Conclusion: Multimedia patient education with trained health professional follow-up reduced falls among patients with intact cognitive function admitted to a range of hospital wards.

Published
2011

119. QUALITY OF LIFE/AFTERCARE

Author

Rednam, S., primary, Scheurer, M., additional, Adesina, A., additional, Lau, C., additional, Okcu, M., additional, Deatrick, J., additional, Ogle, S., additional, Fisher, M., additional, Barakat, L., additional, Hardie, T., additional, Li, Y., additional, Ginsberg, J., additional, Ben-Arush, M., additional, Krivoy, E., additional, Rosenkranz, R., additional, Peretz-Nahum, M., additional, Brown, R. J., additional, Love, J., additional, Warburton, D., additional, McBride, W. H., additional, Bluml, S., additional, Mueller, S., additional, Sear, K., additional, Hills, N., additional, Chettout, N., additional, Afghani, S., additional, Lew, L., additional, Tolentino, E., additional, Haas-Kogan, D., additional, Fullerton, H., additional, Reddick, W., additional, Palmer, S., additional, Glass, J., additional, Ogg, R., additional, Gajjar, A., additional, Omar, A., additional, Perkins, S., additional, Shinohara, E., additional, Spoljaric, D., additional, Isenberg, J., additional, Whittington, M., additional, Hauff, M., additional, King, A., additional, Litzelman, K., additional, Barker, E., additional, Catrine, K., additional, Puccetti, D., additional, Possin, P., additional, Witt, W., additional, Mallucci, C., additional, Kumar, R., additional, Pizer, B., additional, Williams, D., additional, Pettorini, B., additional, Piscione, J., additional, Bouffet, E., additional, Shams, I., additional, Kulkarni, A., additional, Remes, T., additional, Harila-Saari, A., additional, Suo-Palosaari, M., additional, Arikoski, P., additional, Riikonen, P., additional, Sutela, A., additional, Koskenkorva, P., additional, Ojaniemi, M., additional, Rantala, H., additional, Campen, C. J., additional, Ashby, D., additional, Fisher, P. G., additional, Monje, M., additional, Kulkarni, A. V., additional, Nakamura, H., additional, Makino, K., additional, Yano, S., additional, Kuratsu, J.-i., additional, Jadrijevic-Cvrlje, F., additional, Batinica, M., additional, Toledano, H., additional, Hoffman, T., additional, Ezer-Cohen, Y., additional, Michowiz, S., additional, Yaniv, I., additional, Cohen, I. J., additional, Adler, I., additional, Mindel, S., additional, Gopalakrishnamoorthy, M., additional, Saunders, D., additional, Gaze, M., additional, Spoudeas, H., additional, Kieffer, V., additional, Dellatolas, G., additional, Chevignard, M., additional, Puget, S., additional, Dhermain, F., additional, Grill, J., additional, Dufour, C., additional, Muir, R., additional, Hunter, A., additional, Latchman, A., additional, de Camargo, O., additional, Scheinemann, K., additional, Dhir, N., additional, Zaky, W., additional, Zomorodian, T., additional, Wong, K., additional, Dhall, G., additional, Macy, M., additional, Lauro, C., additional, Zeitler, P., additional, Foreman, N., additional, Liu, A., additional, Chocholous, M., additional, Dodier, P., additional, Peyrl, A., additional, Dieckmann, K., additional, Hausler, G., additional, Slavc, I., additional, Avula, S., additional, Garlick, D., additional, Armstrong, G., additional, Kawashima, T., additional, Leisenring, W., additional, Stovall, M., additional, Sklar, C., additional, Robison, L., additional, Samaan, C., additional, Duckworth, J., additional, Greenberg-Kushnir, N., additional, Freedman, S., additional, Eshel, R., additional, Zverling, N., additional, Elhasid, R., additional, Dvir, R., additional, Yalon, M., additional, Constantini, S., additional, Wilne, S., additional, Liu, J.-F., additional, Trusler, J., additional, Lundsell, S., additional, Kennedy, C., additional, Clough, L., additional, Dickson, N., additional, Lakhanpaul, M., additional, Baker, M., additional, Dudley, J., additional, Grundy, R., additional, Walker, D., additional, von Hoff, K., additional, Herzog, N., additional, Ottensmeier, H., additional, Grabow, D., additional, Gerber, N. U., additional, Friedrich, C., additional, von Bueren, A. O., additional, Resch, A., additional, Kortmann, R. D., additional, Kaatsch, P., additional, Doerr, H. G., additional, Rutkowski, S., additional, del Bufalo, F., additional, Mastronuzzi, A., additional, Serra, A., additional, de Sio, L., additional, Locatelli, F., additional, Biassoni, V., additional, Leonardi, M., additional, Ajovalasit, D., additional, Riva, D., additional, Vago, C., additional, Usilla, A., additional, Fidani, P., additional, Schiavello, E., additional, Gariboldi, F., additional, Massimino, M., additional, Lober, R., additional, Perrault, S., additional, Partap, S., additional, Edwards, M., additional, Fisher, P., additional, Yeom, K., additional, Salgado, D., additional, Nunes, S., additional, Vinhais, S., additional, Wells, E. M., additional, Seidel, K., additional, Ullrich, N. J., additional, Diller, L., additional, Krull, K. R., additional, Neglia, J., additional, Robison, L. L., additional, Whelan, K., additional, Russell, C. E., additional, Brownstone, D., additional, Kaise, C., additional, Bull, K., additional, Culliford, D., additional, Calaminus, G., additional, Bertin, D., additional, Vallero, S., additional, Romano, E., additional, Basso, M. E., additional, Biasin, E., additional, Fagioli, F., additional, Ziara, K., additional, L'Hotta, A., additional, Williams, A., additional, Thede, R., additional, Moore, K., additional, James, A., additional, Bjorn, E., additional, Franzen, P., additional, Haag, A., additional, Lax, A.-K., additional, Moreno, I., additional, Obeid, J., additional, Timmons, B. W., additional, Iwata, W., additional, Wagner, S., additional, Lai, J.-S., additional, Waddell, K., additional, VanLeeuwen, S., additional, Newmark, M., additional, Noonan, J., additional, O'Connell, K., additional, Urban, M., additional, Yount, S., additional, Goldman, S., additional, Igoe, D., additional, Cunningham, T., additional, Orfus, M., additional, Mabbott, D., additional, Liptak, C., additional, Manley, P., additional, Recklitis, C., additional, Zhang, P., additional, Shaikh, F., additional, Narang, I., additional, Matsumoto, K., additional, Yamasaki, K., additional, Okada, K., additional, Fujisaki, H., additional, Osugi, Y., additional, Hara, J., additional, Phipps, K., additional, Gumley, D., additional, Jacques, T., additional, Hargrave, D., additional, Michalski, A., additional, Chordas, C., additional, Chi, S., additional, Robison, N., additional, Bandopadhayay, P., additional, Marcus, K., additional, Zimmerman, M. A., additional, Goumnerova, L., additional, Kieran, M., additional, Brand, S., additional, Brinkman, T., additional, Delaney, B., additional, Diver, T., additional, Rey, C., additional, Madden, J. R., additional, Hemenway, M. S., additional, Dorneman, L., additional, Stiller, D., additional, Liu, A. K., additional, Foreman, N. K., additional, Vibhakar, R., additional, Mitchell, M., additional, Hemenway, M., additional, Madden, J., additional, Ryan, M., additional, O'Kane, R., additional, Picton, S., additional, Kenny, T., additional, Stiller, C., additional, Chumas, P., additional, Bendel, A., additional, Patterson, R., additional, Barrera, M., additional, Schulte, F., additional, Bartels, U., additional, Janzen, L., additional, Johnston, D., additional, Cataudella, D., additional, Chung, J., additional, Sung, L., additional, Hancock, K., additional, Hukin, J., additional, Zelcer, S., additional, Brandon, S., additional, Montour-Proulx, I., additional, Strother, D., additional, Cooksey, R., additional, Bowers, D., additional, Gargan, L., additional, Gode, A., additional, Klesse, L., additional, Oden, J., additional, Vega, G., additional, Sala, F., additional, Nuzzi, D., additional, Mulino, M., additional, Masotto, B., additional, Mazza, C., additional, Bricolo, A., additional, Gerosa, M., additional, Tong, M., additional, Laughlin, S., additional, Mackie, S., additional, Taylor, L., additional, Sharpe, G., additional, Al-Salihi, O., additional, and Nicolin, G., additional

Published
2012
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128. High yield sub-0.1µm2 6T-SRAM cells, featuring high-k/metal-gate finfet devices, double gate patterning, a novel fin etch strategy, full-field EUV lithography and optimized junction design &amp; layout

Author

Horiguchi, N., primary, Demuynck, S., additional, Ercken, M., additional, Locorotondo, S., additional, Lazzarino, F., additional, Altamirano, E., additional, Huffman, C., additional, Brus, S., additional, Demand, M., additional, Struyf, H., additional, De Backer, J., additional, Hermans, J., additional, Delvaux, C., additional, Vandeweyer, T., additional, Baerts, C., additional, Mannaert, G., additional, Truffert, V., additional, Verluijs, J., additional, Alaerts, W., additional, Dekkers, H., additional, Ong, P., additional, Heylen, N., additional, Kellens, K., additional, Volders, H., additional, Hikavyy, A., additional, Vrancken, C., additional, Rakowski, M., additional, Verhaegen, S., additional, Vandenberghe, G., additional, Beyer, G., additional, Lauwers, A., additional, Absil, P., additional, Hoffman, T., additional, Ronse, K., additional, and Biesemans, S., additional

Published
2010
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131. The device architecture dilemma for CMOS technologies: Opportunities & challenges of finFET over planar MOSFET

Author

Parvais, B., primary, Mercha, A., additional, Collaert, N., additional, Rooyackers, R., additional, Ferain, I., additional, Jurczak, M., additional, Subramanian, V., additional, De Keersgieter, A., additional, Chiarella, T., additional, Kerner, C., additional, Witters, L., additional, Biesemans, S., additional, and Hoffman, T., additional

Published
2009
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134. Gravitationally Lensed High Redshift Galaxies in the Field of 1E0657-56

Author

Mehlert, D, Seitz, S, Saglia, R, Appenzeller, I, Bender, R, Fricke, K J, Hoffman, T, Hopp, U, Kudritzki, R-P, Pauldrach, A, Mehlert, D, Seitz, S, Saglia, R, Appenzeller, I, Bender, R, Fricke, K J, Hoffman, T, Hopp, U, Kudritzki, R-P, and Pauldrach, A

Abstract

We present images and long-slit spectra obtained with FORS1 at UT1 of the VLT centered on the gravitational arc of the galaxy cluster 1E0657-56 (z = 0.296). The cluster is one of the hottest, most massive clusters known so far and acts as a powerful gravitational telescope, amplifying the flux of background sources by up to a factor of 20. We present photometric results together with the spectra of the gravitational arc (z = 3.24) and four additional amplified high redshift objects (z = 2.34 to 3.08) that were also included in the slit by chance coincidence. A magnification map has been obtained from a lens model derived from the multiple image systems. We compare our observed spectra with models and briefly discuss the stellar contents of these galaxies. Furthermore we measured the equivalent widths of the C IV 1550 and Si IV 1400 absorption lines for the objects behind 1E0657-56 studied here, as well as for some additional starburst galaxies (nearby and at high z). For C IV we find an increasing absorption equivalent width with decreasing redshift. We discuss whether this correlation could be related to the increase of metallicity with the age of the universe.

Published
2001

135. Test of relativistic gravitation with a space-borne hydrogen maser

Author

Vessot, R. F. C, Levine, M. W, Mattison, E. M, Blomberg, E. L, Hoffman, T. E, Nystrom, G. U, Farrel, B. F, Decher, R, Eby, P. B, and Baugher, C. R

Subjects
Spacecraft Instrumentation
Abstract

The results of a test of general relativity with use of a hydrogen-maser frequency standard in a spacecraft launched nearly vertically upward to 10,000 km are reported. The agreement of the observed relativistic frequency shift with prediction is at the 70 x 10 to the -6th level.

Published
1980
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136. National Beef Quality Audit–2005: Survey of targeted cattle and carcass characteristics related to quality, quantity, and value of fed steers and heifers1

Author

Garcia, L. G., primary, Nicholson, K. L., additional, Hoffman, T. W., additional, Lawrence, T. E., additional, Hale, D. S., additional, Griffin, D. B., additional, Savell, J. W., additional, VanOverbeke, D. L., additional, Morgan, J. B., additional, Belk, K. E., additional, Field, T. G., additional, Scanga, J. A., additional, Tatum, J. D., additional, and Smith, G. C., additional

Published
2008
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140. Conformal Doping of FINFETs: a Fabrication and Metrology Challenge

Author

Vandervorst, W., primary, Everaert, J. L., additional, Rosseel, E., additional, Jurczak, M., additional, Hoffman, T., additional, Eyben, P., additional, Mody, J., additional, Zschätzsch, G., additional, Koelling, S., additional, Gilbert, M., additional, Poon, T., additional, del Agua Borniquel, J., additional, Foad, M., additional, Duffy, R., additional, Pawlak, B. J., additional, Seebauer, Edmund G., additional, Felch, Susan B., additional, Jain, Amitabh, additional, and Kondratenko, Yevgeniy V., additional

Published
2008
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141. Parforce:Objectives and achievements

Author

Hale, Barbara, Kulmala, Markku, O'Dowd, C. D., Becker, E., Hoell, C., Mäkelä, J. M., Kulmala, M., Hämeri, K., Väkevä, M., Pirjola, L., Aalto, P., Hansson, H. C., Strom, J., Jennings, S. G., Geever, M., De Leeuw, G., Kunz, G., Berresheim, H., Hewitt, C. N., Sartin, J., Harrison, R. M., Allen, A. G., Viisanen, Y., Korhonen, P., Rapsomanikis, S., Hoffman, T., Hale, Barbara, Kulmala, Markku, O'Dowd, C. D., Becker, E., Hoell, C., Mäkelä, J. M., Kulmala, M., Hämeri, K., Väkevä, M., Pirjola, L., Aalto, P., Hansson, H. C., Strom, J., Jennings, S. G., Geever, M., De Leeuw, G., Kunz, G., Berresheim, H., Hewitt, C. N., Sartin, J., Harrison, R. M., Allen, A. G., Viisanen, Y., Korhonen, P., Rapsomanikis, S., and Hoffman, T.

Abstract

Understanding the formation of natural particles in the atmosphere, and their growth to radiatively active sizes, is critical to quantifying the role of anthropogenic emissions on cloud formation, climate change and public health. Only a few regions have been identified as strong natural sources of aerosols in the boundary layer: in particular, the coastal region seems to be the strongest natural source of these new particles. The PARFORCE program was designed to elucidate and understand the underlying processes leading to observed coastal nucleation and to quantify the factors promoting coastal nucleation. Initial results indicate that nucleation rates in the coastal environment are of the order of 107 cm−3 s−1 and can be explained by ternary nucleation of sulphuric acid, water vapor and ammonia; however, growth to detectable sizes can only be explained by additional condensation of, probably, organic vapor—otherwise these new stable embryos are lost due to coagulation. The primary biogenic condensing species leading to the observed particle concentrations is thought to be a halocarbon derivative. Peak concentration of particles at sizes >3 nm can reach 1,000,000 cm−3 after a coastal nucleation event and these events occur almost on a daily basis over considerable spatial scales.

Published
2000

145. Tunable cavity resonator with ramp shaped supports

Author

Vessot, R. F. C, Hoffman, T. E, and Levine, M. W

Subjects
General
Abstract

A cavity for a hydrogen maser is described consisting of three parts which provide highly stable mechanical and thermal expansion characteristics for the cavity and ease of tuning. The three parts which are made of a glass ceramic material having a very small thermal expansion coefficient (1) a top plate, (2) a cylinder with three interrupted helical ramps at its bottom, and (3) a base which includes a bottom plate and three ramp lugs on which the helical ramps of the cylinder rest when the cylinder is placed on the base with the bottom plate in the cylinder. Cavity tuning is achieved by rotating the cylinder and thereby raising or lowering it on the base, which results in changing the cylinder volume by changing the distance between the bottom and top plates.

Published
1973

146. Mechanically and thermally stable maser cavity resonator

Author

Vessot, R. F. C, Hoffman, T. E, and Levine, M. W

Subjects
Electronic Components And Circuits
Abstract

New type cavity resonator is designed for hydrogen maser. Resonator consists of three pieces of glass-ceramic material having extremely low thermal coefficient of expansion and provides very stable mechanical tuning.

Published
1972

147. Optimization of Sub-Melt Laser Anneal: Performance and Reliability

Author

Severi, S., primary, Augendre, E., additional, Thirupapuliyur, S., additional, Ahmed, K., additional, Felch, S., additional, Parihar, V., additional, Nouri, F., additional, Hoffman, T., additional, Noda, T., additional, O'Sullivan, B., additional, Ramos, J., additional, Andres, E. San, additional, Pantisano, L., additional, De Keersgieter, A., additional, Schreutelkamp, R., additional, Jennings, D., additional, Mahapatra, S., additional, Moroz, V., additional, De Meyer, K., additional, Absil, P., additional, Jurczak, M., additional, and Biesemans, S., additional

Published
2006
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