Search

Your search keyword '"Herfst, Sander"' showing total 491 results
Start Over Author "Herfst, Sander"
491 results on '"Herfst, Sander"'

101. Lack of Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus Transmission in Rabbits

Author

Veterinair Pathologisch Diagnostisch Cnt, dPB I&I, dPB CR, Widagdo, W, Okba, Nisreen M A, Richard, Mathilde, de Meulder, Dennis, Bestebroer, Theo M, Lexmond, Pascal, Farag, Elmoubasher A B A, Al-Hajri, Mohammed, Stittelaar, Koert J, de Waal, Leon, van Amerongen, Geert, van den Brand, Judith M A, Haagmans, Bart L, Herfst, Sander, Veterinair Pathologisch Diagnostisch Cnt, dPB I&I, dPB CR, Widagdo, W, Okba, Nisreen M A, Richard, Mathilde, de Meulder, Dennis, Bestebroer, Theo M, Lexmond, Pascal, Farag, Elmoubasher A B A, Al-Hajri, Mohammed, Stittelaar, Koert J, de Waal, Leon, van Amerongen, Geert, van den Brand, Judith M A, Haagmans, Bart L, and Herfst, Sander

Published
2019

102. Lack of Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus Transmission in Rabbits

Author

Widagdo, Sidiq, Okba, Nisreen, Richard, Mathilde, de Meulder, Dennis, Bestebroer, Theo, Lexmond, Pascal, Farag, E (Elmoubasher Abubaker Abd), Al-Hajri, M, Stittelaar, KJ, Waal, L, Amerongen, G, van den Brand, Judith, Haagmans, Bart, Herfst, Sander, Widagdo, Sidiq, Okba, Nisreen, Richard, Mathilde, de Meulder, Dennis, Bestebroer, Theo, Lexmond, Pascal, Farag, E (Elmoubasher Abubaker Abd), Al-Hajri, M, Stittelaar, KJ, Waal, L, Amerongen, G, van den Brand, Judith, Haagmans, Bart, and Herfst, Sander

Published
2019

103. Spatiotemporal Analysis of the Genetic Diversity of Seal Influenza A(H10N7) Virus, Northwestern Europe

Author

Bodewes, Rogier, Zohari, Siamak, Krog, Jesper S, Hall, Matthew D, Harder, Timm C, Bestebroer, Theo M, van de Bildt, Marco W G, Spronken, Monique I, Larsen, Lars E, Siebert, Ursula, Wohlsein, Peter, Puff, Christina, Seehusen, Frauke, Baumgärtner, Wolfgang, Härkönen, Tero, Smits, Saskia L, Herfst, Sander, Osterhaus, Albert D M E, Fouchier, Ron A M, Koopmans, Marion P, Kuiken, Thijs, LS GZ Landbouwhuisdieren, Bedrijfsvoering, dFAH I&I, Virology, Schultz-Cherry, S., LS GZ Landbouwhuisdieren, Bedrijfsvoering, and dFAH I&I

Subjects
0301 basic medicine, viruses, Immunology, Hemagglutinin (influenza), Hemagglutinin Glycoproteins, Influenza Virus, Genome, Viral, Phoca, Biology, medicine.disease_cause, Microbiology, H5N1 genetic structure, Virus, 03 medical and health sciences, Spatio-Temporal Analysis, Orthomyxoviridae Infections, Virology, Influenza A virus, medicine, Animals, 14. Life underwater, Influenza A Virus, H10N7 Subtype, Phylogeny, Host (biology), Computational Biology, Genetic Variation, High-Throughput Nucleotide Sequencing, Outbreak, Influenza A virus subtype H5N1, 3. Good health, Europe, Phylogeography, 030104 developmental biology, Amino Acid Substitution, Genetic Diversity and Evolution, Insect Science, biology.protein, Neuraminidase
Abstract

Influenza A viruses are major pathogens for humans, domestic animals, and wildlife, and these viruses occasionally cross the species barrier. In spring 2014, increased mortality of harbor seals ( Phoca vitulina ), associated with infection with an influenza A(H10N7) virus, was reported in Sweden and Denmark. Within a few months, this virus spread to seals of the coastal waters of Germany and the Netherlands, causing the death of thousands of animals. Genetic analysis of the hemagglutinin (HA) and neuraminidase (NA) genes of this seal influenza A(H10N7) virus revealed that it was most closely related to various avian influenza A(H10N7) viruses. The collection of samples from infected seals during the course of the outbreak provided a unique opportunity to follow the adaptation of the avian virus to its new seal host. Sequence data for samples collected from 41 different seals from four different countries between April 2014 and January 2015 were obtained by Sanger sequencing and next-generation sequencing to describe the molecular epidemiology of the seal influenza A(H10N7) virus. The majority of sequence variation occurred in the HA gene, and some mutations corresponded to amino acid changes not found in H10 viruses isolated from Eurasian birds. Also, sequence variation in the HA gene was greater at the beginning than at the end of the epidemic, when a number of the mutations observed earlier had been fixed. These results imply that when an avian influenza virus jumps the species barrier from birds to seals, amino acid changes in HA may occur rapidly and are important for virus adaptation to its new mammalian host. IMPORTANCE Influenza A viruses are major pathogens for humans, domestic animals, and wildlife. In addition to the continuous circulation of influenza A viruses among various host species, cross-species transmission of influenza A viruses occurs occasionally. Wild waterfowl and shorebirds are the main reservoir for most influenza A virus subtypes, and spillover of influenza A viruses from birds to humans or other mammalian species may result in major outbreaks. In the present study, various sequencing methods were used to elucidate the genetic changes that occurred after the introduction and subsequent spread of an avian influenza A(H10N7) virus among harbor seals of northwestern Europe by use of various samples collected during the outbreak. Such detailed knowledge of genetic changes necessary for introduction and adaptation of avian influenza A viruses to mammalian hosts is important for a rapid risk assessment of such viruses soon after they cross the species barrier.

Published
2016

104. Intranasal fusion inhibitory lipopeptide prevents direct-contact SARS-CoV-2 transmission in ferrets.

Author

Vries, Rory D. de, Schmitz, Katharina S., Bovier, Francesca T., Predella, Camilla, Khao, Jonathan, Noack, Danny, Haagmans, Bart L., Herfst, Sander, Stearns, Kyle N., Drew-Bear, Jennifer, Biswas, Sudipta, Rockx, Barry, McGill, Gaël, Dorrello, N. Valerio, Gellman, Samuel H., Alabi, Christopher A., Swart, Rik L. de, Moscona, Anne, and Porotto, Matteo

Published
2021
Full Text
View/download PDF

105. Wild ducks excrete highly pathogenic avian influenza virus H5N8 (2014-2015) without clinical or pathological evidence of disease

Author

van den Brand, Judith M A, Verhagen, Josanne H, Veldhuis Kroeze, Edwin J B, Van de Bildt, Marco W G, Bodewes, Rogier, Herfst, Sander, Richard, Mathilde, Lexmond, Pascal, Bestebroer, Theo M, Fouchier, Ron A M, Kuiken, Thijs, van den Brand, Judith M A, Verhagen, Josanne H, Veldhuis Kroeze, Edwin J B, Van de Bildt, Marco W G, Bodewes, Rogier, Herfst, Sander, Richard, Mathilde, Lexmond, Pascal, Bestebroer, Theo M, Fouchier, Ron A M, and Kuiken, Thijs

Abstract

Highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) is essentially a poultry disease. Wild birds have traditionally not been involved in its spread, but the epidemiology of HPAI has changed in recent years. After its emergence in southeastern Asia in 1996, H5 HPAI virus of the Goose/Guangdong lineage has evolved into several sub-lineages, some of which have spread over thousands of kilometers via long-distance migration of wild waterbirds. In order to determine whether the virus is adapting to wild waterbirds, we experimentally inoculated the HPAI H5N8 virus clade 2.3.4.4 group A from 2014 into four key waterbird species-Eurasian wigeon (Anas penelope), common teal (Anas crecca), mallard (Anas platyrhynchos), and common pochard (Aythya ferina)-and compared virus excretion and disease severity with historical data of the HPAI H5N1 virus infection from 2005 in the same four species. Our results showed that excretion was highest in Eurasian wigeons for the 2014 virus, whereas excretion was highest in common pochards and mallards for the 2005 virus. The 2014 virus infection was subclinical in all four waterbird species, while the 2005 virus caused clinical disease and pathological changes in over 50% of the common pochards. In chickens, the 2014 virus infection caused systemic disease and high mortality, similar to the 2005 virus. In conclusion, the evidence was strongest for Eurasian wigeons as long-distance vectors for HPAI H5N8 virus from 2014. The implications of the switch in species-specific virus excretion and decreased disease severity may be that the HPAI H5 virus more easily spreads in the wild-waterbird population.

Published
2018

106. Human Clade 2.3.4.4 A/H5N6 Influenza Virus Lacks Mammalian Adaptation Markers and Does Not Transmit via the Airborne Route between Ferrets

Author

Herfst, Sander, Mok, Chris K P, van den Brand, Judith M A, van der Vliet, Stefan, Rosu, Miruna E, Spronken, Monique I, Yang, Zifeng, de Meulder, Dennis, Lexmond, Pascal, Bestebroer, Theo M, Peiris, J S Malik, Fouchier, Ron A M, Richard, Mathilde, Herfst, Sander, Mok, Chris K P, van den Brand, Judith M A, van der Vliet, Stefan, Rosu, Miruna E, Spronken, Monique I, Yang, Zifeng, de Meulder, Dennis, Lexmond, Pascal, Bestebroer, Theo M, Peiris, J S Malik, Fouchier, Ron A M, and Richard, Mathilde

Abstract

Since their emergence in 1997, A/H5N1 influenza viruses of the A/goose/Guangdong/1/96 lineage have diversified in multiple genetic and antigenic clades upon continued circulation in poultry in several countries in Eurasia and Africa. Since 2009, reassortant viruses carrying clade 2.3.4.4 hemagglutinin (HA) and internal and neuraminidase (NA) genes of influenza A viruses of different avian origin have been detected, yielding various HA-NA combinations, such as A/H5N1, A/H5N2, A/H5N3, A/H5N5, A/H5N6, and A/H5N8. Previous studies reported on the low pathogenicity and lack of airborne transmission of A/H5N2 and A/H5N8 viruses in the ferret model. However, although A/H5N6 viruses are the only clade 2.3.4.4 viruses that crossed the species barrier and infected humans, the risk they pose for human health remains poorly characterized. Here, the characterization of A/H5N6 A/Guangzhou/39715/2014 virus in vitro and in ferrets is described. This A/H5N6 virus possessed high polymerase activity, mediated by the E627K substitution in the PB2 protein, which corresponds to only one biological trait out of the three that were previously shown to confer airborne transmissibility to A/H5N1 viruses between ferrets. This might explain its lack of airborne transmission between ferrets. After intranasal inoculation, A/H5N6 virus replicated to high titers in the respiratory tracts of ferrets and was excreted for at least 6 days. Moreover, A/H5N6 virus caused severe pneumonia in ferrets upon intratracheal inoculation. Thus, A/H5N6 virus causes a more severe disease in ferrets than previously investigated clade 2.3.4.4 viruses, but our results demonstrate that the risk from airborne spread is currently low. IMPORTANCE Avian influenza A viruses are a threat to human health, as they cross the species barrier and infect humans occasionally, often with severe outcome. The antigenic and genetic diversity of A/H5 viruses from the A/goose/Guangdong/1/96 lineage is increasing, due to continued cir

Published
2018

107. Wild ducks excrete highly pathogenic avian influenza virus H5N8 (2014-2015) without clinical or pathological evidence of disease

Author

dFAH I&I, dPB I&I, Veterinair Pathologisch Diagnostisch Cnt, Dep Pathobiologie, LS GZ Landbouwhuisdieren, van den Brand, Judith M A, Verhagen, Josanne H, Veldhuis Kroeze, Edwin J B, Van de Bildt, Marco W G, Bodewes, Rogier, Herfst, Sander, Richard, Mathilde, Lexmond, Pascal, Bestebroer, Theo M, Fouchier, Ron A M, Kuiken, Thijs, dFAH I&I, dPB I&I, Veterinair Pathologisch Diagnostisch Cnt, Dep Pathobiologie, LS GZ Landbouwhuisdieren, van den Brand, Judith M A, Verhagen, Josanne H, Veldhuis Kroeze, Edwin J B, Van de Bildt, Marco W G, Bodewes, Rogier, Herfst, Sander, Richard, Mathilde, Lexmond, Pascal, Bestebroer, Theo M, Fouchier, Ron A M, and Kuiken, Thijs

Published
2018

108. Human Clade 2.3.4.4 A/H5N6 Influenza Virus Lacks Mammalian Adaptation Markers and Does Not Transmit via the Airborne Route between Ferrets

Author

dPB I&I, Veterinair Pathologisch Diagnostisch Cnt, Herfst, Sander, Mok, Chris K P, van den Brand, Judith M A, van der Vliet, Stefan, Rosu, Miruna E, Spronken, Monique I, Yang, Zifeng, de Meulder, Dennis, Lexmond, Pascal, Bestebroer, Theo M, Peiris, J S Malik, Fouchier, Ron A M, Richard, Mathilde, dPB I&I, Veterinair Pathologisch Diagnostisch Cnt, Herfst, Sander, Mok, Chris K P, van den Brand, Judith M A, van der Vliet, Stefan, Rosu, Miruna E, Spronken, Monique I, Yang, Zifeng, de Meulder, Dennis, Lexmond, Pascal, Bestebroer, Theo M, Peiris, J S Malik, Fouchier, Ron A M, and Richard, Mathilde

Published
2018

110. Wild ducks excrete highly pathogenic avian influenza virus H5N8 (2014-2015) without clinical or pathological evidence of disease

Author

van den Brand, Judith, Verhagen, Josanne, Veldhuis Kroeze, Edwin, van de Bildt, Marco, Bodewes, Rogier, Herfst, Sander, Richard, Mathilde, Lexmond, Pascal, Bestebroer, Theo, Fouchier, Ron, Kuiken, Thijs, van den Brand, Judith, Verhagen, Josanne, Veldhuis Kroeze, Edwin, van de Bildt, Marco, Bodewes, Rogier, Herfst, Sander, Richard, Mathilde, Lexmond, Pascal, Bestebroer, Theo, Fouchier, Ron, and Kuiken, Thijs

Published
2018

112. Mutations Driving Airborne Transmission of A/H5N1 Virus in Mammals Cause Substantial Attenuation in Chickens only when combined

Author

Richard, Mathilde, Herfst, Sander, van den Brand, Judith M A, de Meulder, Dennis, Lexmond, Pascal, Bestebroer, Theo M, Fouchier, Ron A M, dPB CR, dPB I&I, Virology, dPB CR, and dPB I&I

Subjects
0301 basic medicine, Science, viruses, Respiratory Mucosa, Biology, Virus Replication, medicine.disease_cause, Airborne transmission, Article, Virus, Cell Line, 03 medical and health sciences, Orthomyxoviridae Infections, Influenza A virus, medicine, Animals, Viral shedding, Mammals, Genetics, Multidisciplinary, Influenza A Virus, H5N1 Subtype, virus diseases, Viral Load, Virology, Influenza A virus subtype H5N1, Virus Shedding, 3. Good health, Phenotype, 030104 developmental biology, Amino Acid Substitution, Viral replication, Influenza in Birds, Mutation, Tissue tropism, Medicine, Chickens, Viral load
Abstract

A/H5N1 influenza viruses pose a threat to human and animal health. A fully avian A/H5N1 influenza virus was previously shown to acquire airborne transmissibility between ferrets upon accumulation of five or six substitutions that affected three traits: polymerase activity, hemagglutinin stability and receptor binding. Here, the impact of these traits on A/H5N1 virus replication, tissue tropism, pathogenesis and transmission was investigated in chickens. The virus containing all substitutions associated with transmission in mammals was highly attenuated in chickens. However, single substitutions that affect polymerase activity, hemagglutinin stability and receptor binding generally had a small or negligible impact on virus replication, morbidity and mortality. A virus carrying two substitutions in the receptor-binding site was attenuated, although its tissue tropism in chickens was not affected. This data indicate that an A/H5N1 virus that is airborne-transmissible between mammals is unlikely to emerge in chickens, although individual mammalian adaptive substitutions have limited impact on viral fitness in chickens.

Published
2017

115. Human Clade 2.3.4.4 A/H5N6 Influenza Virus Lacks Mammalian Adaptation Markers and Does Not Transmit via the Airborne Route between Ferrets

Author

Herfst, Sander, primary, Mok, Chris K. P., additional, van den Brand, Judith M. A., additional, van der Vliet, Stefan, additional, Rosu, Miruna E., additional, Spronken, Monique I., additional, Yang, Zifeng, additional, de Meulder, Dennis, additional, Lexmond, Pascal, additional, Bestebroer, Theo M., additional, Peiris, J. S. Malik, additional, Fouchier, Ron A. M., additional, and Richard, Mathilde, additional

Published
2018
Full Text
View/download PDF

119. Delineating morbillivirus entry, dissemination and airborne transmission by studying in vivo competition of multicolor canine distemper viruses in ferrets

Author

de Vries, Rory, Ludlow, M, Jong, Alwin, Rennick, LJ, Verburgh, Joyce, Amerongen, Geert, van Riel, Debby, van Run, Peter, Herfst, Sander, Kuiken, Thijs, Fouchier, Ron, Osterhaus, Ab, de Swart, Rik, Duprex, WP, de Vries, Rory, Ludlow, M, Jong, Alwin, Rennick, LJ, Verburgh, Joyce, Amerongen, Geert, van Riel, Debby, van Run, Peter, Herfst, Sander, Kuiken, Thijs, Fouchier, Ron, Osterhaus, Ab, de Swart, Rik, and Duprex, WP

Published
2017

120. Drivers of airborne human-to-human pathogen transmission

Author

Herfst, Sander, Böhringer, Michael, Karo, Basel, Lawrence, Philip, Lewis, Nicola S, Mina, Michael J, Russell, Charles J, Steel, John, de Swart, Rik L, Menge, Christian, Herfst, Sander, Böhringer, Michael, Karo, Basel, Lawrence, Philip, Lewis, Nicola S, Mina, Michael J, Russell, Charles J, Steel, John, de Swart, Rik L, and Menge, Christian

Abstract

Airborne pathogens - either transmitted via aerosol or droplets - include a wide variety of highly infectious and dangerous microbes such as variola virus, measles virus, influenza A viruses, Mycobacterium tuberculosis, Streptococcus pneumoniae, and Bordetella pertussis. Emerging zoonotic pathogens, for example, MERS coronavirus, avian influenza viruses, Coxiella, and Francisella, would have pandemic potential were they to acquire efficient human-to-human transmissibility. Here, we synthesize insights from microbiological, medical, social, and economic sciences to provide known mechanisms of aerosolized transmissibility and identify knowledge gaps that limit emergency preparedness plans. In particular, we propose a framework of drivers facilitating human-to-human transmission with the airspace between individuals as an intermediate stage. The model is expected to enhance identification and risk assessment of novel pathogens.

Published
2017

121. Viral factors in influenza pandemic risk assessment

Author

Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Biological Engineering, Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research at MIT, Raman, Rahul, Lipsitch, Marc, Barclay, Wendy, Russell, Charles J, Belser, Jessica A, Cobey, Sarah, Kasson, Peter M, Lloyd-Smith, James O, Maurer-Stroh, Sebastian, Riley, Steven, Beauchemin, Catherine AA, Bedford, Trevor, Friedrich, Thomas C, Handel, Andreas, Herfst, Sander, Murcia, Pablo R, Roche, Benjamin, Wilke, Claus O, Russell, Colin A, Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Biological Engineering, Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research at MIT, Raman, Rahul, Lipsitch, Marc, Barclay, Wendy, Russell, Charles J, Belser, Jessica A, Cobey, Sarah, Kasson, Peter M, Lloyd-Smith, James O, Maurer-Stroh, Sebastian, Riley, Steven, Beauchemin, Catherine AA, Bedford, Trevor, Friedrich, Thomas C, Handel, Andreas, Herfst, Sander, Murcia, Pablo R, Roche, Benjamin, Wilke, Claus O, and Russell, Colin A

Abstract

The threat of an influenza A virus pandemic stems from continual virus spillovers from reservoir species, a tiny fraction of which spark sustained transmission in humans. To date, no pandemic emergence of a new influenza strain has been preceded by detection of a closely related precursor in an animal or human. Nonetheless, influenza surveillance efforts are expanding, prompting a need for tools to assess the pandemic risk posed by a detected virus. The goal would be to use genetic sequence and/or biological assays of viral traits to identify those non-human influenza viruses with the greatest risk of evolving into pandemic threats, and/or to understand drivers of such evolution, to prioritize pandemic prevention or response measures. We describe such efforts, identify progress and ongoing challenges, and discuss three specific traits of influenza viruses (hemagglutinin receptor binding specificity, hemagglutinin pH of activation, and polymerase complex efficiency) that contribute to pandemic risk.

Published
2017

122. Influenza A (H10N7) Virus Causes Respiratory Tract Disease in Harbor Seals and Ferrets

Author

van den Brand, Judith M A, Wohlsein, Peter, Herfst, Sander, Bodewes, Rogier, Pfankuche, Vanessa M, van de Bildt, Marco W G, Seehusen, Frauke, Puff, Christina, Richard, Mathilde, Siebert, Ursula, Lehnert, Kristina, Bestebroer, Theo, Lexmond, Pascal, Fouchier, Ron A M, Prenger-Berninghoff, Ellen, Herbst, Werner, Koopmans, Marion, Osterhaus, Albert D M E, Kuiken, Thijs, Baumgärtner, Wolfgang, dFAH I&I, VPDC pathologie, dPB I&I, dPB CR, LS GZ Landbouwhuisdieren, Bedrijfsvoering, Virology, dFAH I&I, VPDC pathologie, dPB I&I, dPB CR, LS GZ Landbouwhuisdieren, and Bedrijfsvoering

Subjects
Male, RNA viruses, 0301 basic medicine, Respiratory Mucosa, Pulmonology, Physiology, Respiratory Tract Diseases, lcsh:Medicine, medicine.disease_cause, Epithelium, Animal Diseases, Animal Cells, Medicine and Health Sciences, Influenza A virus, lcsh:Science, Influenza A Virus, H10N7 Subtype, Pathology and laboratory medicine, Mammals, Multidisciplinary, Medical microbiology, 3. Good health, medicine.anatomical_structure, Vertebrates, Viruses, Female, Cellular Types, Anatomy, Pathogens, Pneumonia (non-human), Research Article, Phoca, Biology, Microbiology, Virus, 03 medical and health sciences, Virus antigen, Orthomyxoviridae Infections, Virology, medicine, Animals, Influenza viruses, Respiratory Physiology, lcsh:R, Ferrets, Organisms, Viral pathogens, Biology and Life Sciences, Epithelial Cells, Cell Biology, Pneumonia, medicine.disease, Influenza A virus subtype H5N1, Microbial pathogens, Viral Tropism, Biological Tissue, 030104 developmental biology, Amniotes, Respiratory Infections, Respiratory epithelium, lcsh:Q, Orthomyxoviruses, Respiratory tract
Abstract

Avian influenza viruses sporadically cross the species barrier to mammals, including humans, in which they may cause epidemic disease. Recently such an epidemic occurred due to the emergence of avian influenza virus of the subtype H10N7 (Seal/H10N7) in harbor seals (Phoca vitulina). This epidemic caused high mortality in seals along the north-west coast of Europe and represented a potential risk for human health. To characterize the spectrum of lesions and to identify the target cells and viral distribution, findings in 16 harbor seals spontaneously infected with Seal/H10N7 are described. The seals had respiratory tract inflammation extending from the nasal cavity to bronchi associated with intralesional virus antigen in respiratory epithelial cells. Virus infection was restricted to the respiratory tract. The fatal outcome of the viral infection in seals was most likely caused by secondary bacterial infections. To investigate the pathogenic potential of H10N7 infection for humans, we inoculated the seal virus intratracheally into six ferrets and performed pathological and virological analyses at 3 and 7 days post inoculation. These experimentally inoculated ferrets displayed mild clinical signs, virus excretion from the pharynx and respiratory tract inflammation extending from bronchi to alveoli that was associated with virus antigen expression exclusively in the respiratory epithelium. Virus was isolated only from the respiratory tract. In conclusion, Seal/H10N7 infection in naturally infected harbor seals and experimentally infected ferrets shows that respiratory epithelial cells are the permissive cells for viral replication. Fatal outcome in seals was caused by secondary bacterial pneumonia similar to that in fatal human cases during influenza pandemics. Productive infection of ferrets indicates that seal/H10N7 may possess a zoonotic potential. This outbreak of LPAI from wild birds to seals demonstrates the risk of such occasions for mammals and thus humans.

Published
2016

123. One health, multiple challenges: The inter-species transmission of influenza A virus

Author

Short, Kirsty R, Richard, Mathilde, Verhagen, Josanne H, van Riel, Debby, Schrauwen, Eefje J A, van den Brand, Judith M A, Mänz, Benjamin, Bodewes, Rogier, Herfst, Sander, FAH SIB, Infection & Immunity, VPDC pathologie, dPB I&I, dPB CR, LS GZ Landbouwhuisdieren, Virology, FAH SIB, Infection & Immunity, VPDC pathologie, dPB I&I, dPB CR, and LS GZ Landbouwhuisdieren

Subjects
lcsh:R5-920, education.field_of_study, Host (biology), Transmission (medicine), viruses, Population, Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health, Outbreak, virus diseases, Biology, medicine.disease_cause, Virology, Influenza A virus subtype H5N1, 3. Good health, Infectious Diseases, One Health, SDG 3 - Good Health and Well-being, 13. Climate action, Influenza A virus, medicine, Human virome, lcsh:Medicine (General), education, Research Paper
Abstract

Influenza A viruses are amongst the most challenging viruses that threaten both human and animal health. Influenza A viruses are unique in many ways. Firstly, they are unique in the diversity of host species that they infect. This includes waterfowl (the original reservoir), terrestrial and aquatic poultry, swine, humans, horses, dog, cats, whales, seals and several other mammalian species. Secondly, they are unique in their capacity to evolve and adapt, following crossing the species barrier, in order to replicate and spread to other individuals within the new species. Finally, they are unique in the frequency of inter-species transmission events that occur. Indeed, the consequences of novel influenza virus strain in an immunologically naïve population can be devastating. The problems that influenza A viruses present for human and animal health are numerous. For example, influenza A viruses in humans represent a major economic and disease burden, whilst the poultry industry has suffered colossal damage due to repeated outbreaks of highly pathogenic avian influenza viruses. This review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of influenza A viruses by shedding light on interspecies virus transmission and summarising the current knowledge regarding how influenza viruses can adapt to a new host.

Published
2015

124. Delineating morbillivirus entry, dissemination and airborne transmission by studying in vivo competition of multicolor canine distemper viruses in ferrets

Author

de Vries, Rory D., primary, Ludlow, Martin, additional, de Jong, Alwin, additional, Rennick, Linda J., additional, Verburgh, R. Joyce, additional, van Amerongen, Geert, additional, van Riel, Debby, additional, van Run, Peter R. W. A., additional, Herfst, Sander, additional, Kuiken, Thijs, additional, Fouchier, Ron A. M., additional, Osterhaus, Albert D. M. E., additional, de Swart, Rik L., additional, and Duprex, W. Paul, additional

Published
2017
Full Text
View/download PDF

125. Drivers of airborne human-to-human pathogen transmission

Author

Herfst, Sander, primary, Böhringer, Michael, additional, Karo, Basel, additional, Lawrence, Philip, additional, Lewis, Nicola S, additional, Mina, Michael J, additional, Russell, Charles J, additional, Steel, John, additional, de Swart, Rik L, additional, and Menge, Christian, additional

Published
2017
Full Text
View/download PDF

126. Animal models for COVID-19

Author

Muñoz-Fontela, César, Dowling, William E., Funnell, Simon G. P., Gsell, Pierre-S., Riveros-Balta, A. Ximena, Albrecht, Randy A., Andersen, Hanne, Baric, Ralph S., Carroll, Miles W., Cavaleri, Marco, Qin, Chuan, Crozier, Ian, Dallmeier, Kai, de Waal, Leon, de Wit, Emmie, Delang, Leen, Dohm, Erik, Duprex, W. Paul, Falzarano, Darryl, Finch, Courtney L., Frieman, Matthew B., Graham, Barney S., Gralinski, Lisa E., Guilfoyle, Kate, Haagmans, Bart L., Hamilton, Geraldine A., Hartman, Amy L., Herfst, Sander, Kaptein, Suzanne J. F., Klimstra, William B., Knezevic, Ivana, Krause, Philip R., Kuhn, Jens H., Le Grand, Roger, Lewis, Mark G., Liu, Wen-Chun, Maisonnasse, Pauline, McElroy, Anita K., Munster, Vincent, Oreshkova, Nadia, Rasmussen, Angela L., Rocha-Pereira, Joana, Rockx, Barry, Rodríguez, Estefanía, Rogers, Thomas F., Salguero, Francisco J., Schotsaert, Michael, Stittelaar, Koert J., Thibaut, Hendrik Jan, Tseng, Chien-Te, Vergara-Alert, Júlia, Beer, Martin, Brasel, Trevor, Chan, Jasper F. W., García-Sastre, Adolfo, Neyts, Johan, Perlman, Stanley, Reed, Douglas S., Richt, Juergen A., Roy, Chad J., Segalés, Joaquim, Vasan, Seshadri S., Henao-Restrepo, Ana María, and Barouch, Dan H.

Abstract

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is the aetiological agent of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), an emerging respiratory infection caused by the introduction of a novel coronavirus into humans late in 2019 (first detected in Hubei province, China). As of 18 September 2020, SARS-CoV-2 has spread to 215 countries, has infected more than 30 million people and has caused more than 950,000 deaths. As humans do not have pre-existing immunity to SARS-CoV-2, there is an urgent need to develop therapeutic agents and vaccines to mitigate the current pandemic and to prevent the re-emergence of COVID-19. In February 2020, the World Health Organization (WHO) assembled an international panel to develop animal models for COVID-19 to accelerate the testing of vaccines and therapeutic agents. Here we summarize the findings to date and provides relevant information for preclinical testing of vaccine candidates and therapeutic agents for COVID-19.

Published
2020
Full Text
View/download PDF

127. Viral factors in influenza pandemic risk assessment.

Author

Lipsitch, Marc, Lipsitch, Marc, Barclay, Wendy, Raman, Rahul, Russell, Charles J, Belser, Jessica A, Cobey, Sarah, Kasson, Peter M, Lloyd-Smith, James O, Maurer-Stroh, Sebastian, Riley, Steven, Beauchemin, Catherine Aa, Bedford, Trevor, Friedrich, Thomas C, Handel, Andreas, Herfst, Sander, Murcia, Pablo R, Roche, Benjamin, Wilke, Claus O, Russell, Colin A, Lipsitch, Marc, Lipsitch, Marc, Barclay, Wendy, Raman, Rahul, Russell, Charles J, Belser, Jessica A, Cobey, Sarah, Kasson, Peter M, Lloyd-Smith, James O, Maurer-Stroh, Sebastian, Riley, Steven, Beauchemin, Catherine Aa, Bedford, Trevor, Friedrich, Thomas C, Handel, Andreas, Herfst, Sander, Murcia, Pablo R, Roche, Benjamin, Wilke, Claus O, and Russell, Colin A

Abstract

The threat of an influenza A virus pandemic stems from continual virus spillovers from reservoir species, a tiny fraction of which spark sustained transmission in humans. To date, no pandemic emergence of a new influenza strain has been preceded by detection of a closely related precursor in an animal or human. Nonetheless, influenza surveillance efforts are expanding, prompting a need for tools to assess the pandemic risk posed by a detected virus. The goal would be to use genetic sequence and/or biological assays of viral traits to identify those non-human influenza viruses with the greatest risk of evolving into pandemic threats, and/or to understand drivers of such evolution, to prioritize pandemic prevention or response measures. We describe such efforts, identify progress and ongoing challenges, and discuss three specific traits of influenza viruses (hemagglutinin receptor binding specificity, hemagglutinin pH of activation, and polymerase complex efficiency) that contribute to pandemic risk.

Published
2016

128. Influenza A (H10N7) Virus Causes Respiratory Tract Disease in Harbor Seals and Ferrets

Author

dFAH I&I, VPDC pathologie, dPB I&I, dPB CR, LS GZ Landbouwhuisdieren, Bedrijfsvoering, van den Brand, Judith M A, Wohlsein, Peter, Herfst, Sander, Bodewes, Rogier, Pfankuche, Vanessa M, van de Bildt, Marco W G, Seehusen, Frauke, Puff, Christina, Richard, Mathilde, Siebert, Ursula, Lehnert, Kristina, Bestebroer, Theo, Lexmond, Pascal, Fouchier, Ron A M, Prenger-Berninghoff, Ellen, Herbst, Werner, Koopmans, Marion, Osterhaus, Albert D M E, Kuiken, Thijs, Baumgärtner, Wolfgang, dFAH I&I, VPDC pathologie, dPB I&I, dPB CR, LS GZ Landbouwhuisdieren, Bedrijfsvoering, van den Brand, Judith M A, Wohlsein, Peter, Herfst, Sander, Bodewes, Rogier, Pfankuche, Vanessa M, van de Bildt, Marco W G, Seehusen, Frauke, Puff, Christina, Richard, Mathilde, Siebert, Ursula, Lehnert, Kristina, Bestebroer, Theo, Lexmond, Pascal, Fouchier, Ron A M, Prenger-Berninghoff, Ellen, Herbst, Werner, Koopmans, Marion, Osterhaus, Albert D M E, Kuiken, Thijs, and Baumgärtner, Wolfgang

Published
2016

129. Spatiotemporal analysis of the genetic diversity of seal influenza A(H10N7) virus, Northwestern Europe

Author

LS GZ Landbouwhuisdieren, Bedrijfsvoering, dFAH I&I, Bodewes, Rogier, Zohari, Siamak, Krog, Jesper S, Hall, Matthew D, Harder, Timm C, Bestebroer, Theo M, van de Bildt, Marco W G, Spronken, Monique I, Larsen, Lars E, Siebert, Ursula, Wohlsein, Peter, Puff, Christina, Seehusen, Frauke, Baumgärtner, Wolfgang, Härkönen, Tero, Smits, Saskia L, Herfst, Sander, Osterhaus, Albert D M E, Fouchier, Ron A M, Koopmans, Marion P, Kuiken, Thijs, LS GZ Landbouwhuisdieren, Bedrijfsvoering, dFAH I&I, Bodewes, Rogier, Zohari, Siamak, Krog, Jesper S, Hall, Matthew D, Harder, Timm C, Bestebroer, Theo M, van de Bildt, Marco W G, Spronken, Monique I, Larsen, Lars E, Siebert, Ursula, Wohlsein, Peter, Puff, Christina, Seehusen, Frauke, Baumgärtner, Wolfgang, Härkönen, Tero, Smits, Saskia L, Herfst, Sander, Osterhaus, Albert D M E, Fouchier, Ron A M, Koopmans, Marion P, and Kuiken, Thijs

Published
2016

130. Viral factors in influenza pandemic risk assessment

Author

Lipsitch, M, Barclay, W, Raman, R, Russell, CJ, Belser, JA, Cobey, S, Kasson, PM, Lloyd-Smith, JO, Maurer-Stroh, S, Riley, S, Beauchemin, CAA, Bedford, T, Friedrich, TC, Handel, A, Herfst, Sander, Murcia, PR, Roche, B, Wilke, CO, Russell, CA, Lipsitch, M, Barclay, W, Raman, R, Russell, CJ, Belser, JA, Cobey, S, Kasson, PM, Lloyd-Smith, JO, Maurer-Stroh, S, Riley, S, Beauchemin, CAA, Bedford, T, Friedrich, TC, Handel, A, Herfst, Sander, Murcia, PR, Roche, B, Wilke, CO, and Russell, CA

Published
2016

131. Influenza A (H10N7) Virus Causes Respiratory Tract Disease in Harbor Seals and Ferrets

Author

van den Brand, Judith, Wohlsein, P, Herfst, Sander, Bodewes, Rogier, Pfankuche, VM, van de Bildt, Marco, Seehusen, F, Puff, C, Richard, Mathilde, Siebert, U, Lehnert, K, Bestebroer, Theo, Lexmond, Pascal, Fouchier, Ron, Prenger-Berninghoff, E, Herbst, W, Koopmans, Marion, Osterhaus, Ab, Kuiken, Thijs, Baumgartner, W, van den Brand, Judith, Wohlsein, P, Herfst, Sander, Bodewes, Rogier, Pfankuche, VM, van de Bildt, Marco, Seehusen, F, Puff, C, Richard, Mathilde, Siebert, U, Lehnert, K, Bestebroer, Theo, Lexmond, Pascal, Fouchier, Ron, Prenger-Berninghoff, E, Herbst, W, Koopmans, Marion, Osterhaus, Ab, Kuiken, Thijs, and Baumgartner, W

Published
2016

132. Spatiotemporal Analysis of the Genetic Diversity of Seal Influenza A(H10N7) Virus, Northwestern Europe

Author

Schultz-Cherry, S., Bodewes, Rogier, Zohari, Siamak, Krog, Jesper Schak, Hall, Matthew D, Harder, Timm C, Bestebroer, Theo M, van de Bildt, Marco W G, Spronken, Monique I, Larsen, L. E., Siebert, Ursula, Wohlsein, Peter, Puff, Christina, Seehusen, Frauke, Baumgärtner, Wolfgang, Härkönen, Tero, Smits, Saskia L, Herfst, Sander, Osterhaus, Albert D M E, Fouchier, Ron A M, Koopmans, Marion P, Kuiken, Thijs, Schultz-Cherry, S., Bodewes, Rogier, Zohari, Siamak, Krog, Jesper Schak, Hall, Matthew D, Harder, Timm C, Bestebroer, Theo M, van de Bildt, Marco W G, Spronken, Monique I, Larsen, L. E., Siebert, Ursula, Wohlsein, Peter, Puff, Christina, Seehusen, Frauke, Baumgärtner, Wolfgang, Härkönen, Tero, Smits, Saskia L, Herfst, Sander, Osterhaus, Albert D M E, Fouchier, Ron A M, Koopmans, Marion P, and Kuiken, Thijs

Abstract

Influenza A viruses are major pathogens for humans, domestic animals, and wildlife, and these viruses occasionally cross the species barrier. In spring 2014, increased mortality of harbor seals (Phoca vitulina), associated with infection with an influenza A(H10N7) virus, was reported in Sweden and Denmark. Within a few months, this virus spread to seals of the coastal waters of Germany and the Netherlands, causing the death of thousands of animals. Genetic analysis of the hemagglutinin (HA) and neuraminidase (NA) genes of this seal influenza A(H10N7) virus revealed that it was most closely related to various avian influenza A(H10N7) viruses. The collection of samples from infected seals during the course of the outbreak provided a unique opportunity to follow the adaptation of the avian virus to its new seal host. Sequence data for samples collected from 41 different seals from four different countries between April 2014 and January 2015 were obtained by Sanger sequencing and next-generation sequencing to describe the molecular epidemiology of the seal influenza A(H10N7) virus. The majority of sequence variation occurred in the HA gene, and some mutations corresponded to amino acid changes not found in H10 viruses isolated from Eurasian birds. Also, sequence variation in the HA gene was greater at the beginning than at the end of the epidemic, when a number of the mutations observed earlier had been fixed. These results imply that when an avian influenza virus jumps the species barrier from birds to seals, amino acid changes in HA may occur rapidly and are important for virus adaptation to its new mammalian host. Influenza A viruses are major pathogens for humans, domestic animals, and wildlife. In addition to the continuous circulation of influenza A viruses among various host species, cross-species transmission of influenza A viruses occurs occasionally. Wild waterfowl and shorebirds are the main reservoir for most influenza A virus subtypes, and spillover of infl

Published
2016

133. Avian Influenza Virus Transmission to Mammals

Author

Herfst, Sander, Imai, M, Kawaoka, Y, Fouchier, Ron, and Virology

Subjects
SDG 3 - Good Health and Well-being, viruses
Abstract

Influenza A viruses cause yearly epidemics and occasional pandemics. In addition, zoonotic influenza A viruses sporadically infect humans and may cause severe respiratory disease and fatalities. Fortunately, most of these viruses do not have the ability to be efficiently spread among humans via aerosols or respiratory droplets (airborne transmission) and to subsequently cause a pandemic. However, adaptation of these zoonotic viruses to humans by mutation or reassortment with human influenza A viruses may result in airborne transmissible viruses with pandemic potential. Although our knowledge of factors that affect mammalian adaptation and transmissibility of influenza viruses is still limited, we are beginning to understand some of the biological traits that drive airborne transmission of influenza viruses among mammals. Increased understanding of the determinants and mechanisms of airborne transmission may aid in assessing the risks posed by avian influenza viruses to human health, and preparedness for such risks. This chapter summarizes recent discoveries on the genetic and phenotypic traits required for avian influenza viruses to become airborne transmissible between mammals.

Published
2014

134. Viral factors in influenza pandemic risk assessment

Author

Lipsitch, Marc, primary, Barclay, Wendy, additional, Raman, Rahul, additional, Russell, Charles J, additional, Belser, Jessica A, additional, Cobey, Sarah, additional, Kasson, Peter M, additional, Lloyd-Smith, James O, additional, Maurer-Stroh, Sebastian, additional, Riley, Steven, additional, Beauchemin, Catherine AA, additional, Bedford, Trevor, additional, Friedrich, Thomas C, additional, Handel, Andreas, additional, Herfst, Sander, additional, Murcia, Pablo R, additional, Roche, Benjamin, additional, Wilke, Claus O, additional, and Russell, Colin A, additional

Published
2016
Full Text
View/download PDF

136. One health, multiple challenges: The inter-species transmission of influenza A virus

Author

FAH SIB, Infection & Immunity, VPDC pathologie, dPB I&I, dPB CR, LS GZ Landbouwhuisdieren, Short, Kirsty R, Richard, Mathilde, Verhagen, Josanne H, van Riel, Debby, Schrauwen, Eefje J A, van den Brand, Judith M A, Mänz, Benjamin, Bodewes, Rogier, Herfst, Sander, FAH SIB, Infection & Immunity, VPDC pathologie, dPB I&I, dPB CR, LS GZ Landbouwhuisdieren, Short, Kirsty R, Richard, Mathilde, Verhagen, Josanne H, van Riel, Debby, Schrauwen, Eefje J A, van den Brand, Judith M A, Mänz, Benjamin, Bodewes, Rogier, and Herfst, Sander

Published
2015

137. One health, multiple challenges:The inter-species transmission of influenza A virus

Author

Short, Kirsty R., Richard, Mathilde, Verhagen, Josanne H., van Riel, Debby, Schrauwen, Eefje J.A., van den Brand, Judith M.A., Mänz, Benjamin, Bodewes, Rogier, Herfst, Sander, Short, Kirsty R., Richard, Mathilde, Verhagen, Josanne H., van Riel, Debby, Schrauwen, Eefje J.A., van den Brand, Judith M.A., Mänz, Benjamin, Bodewes, Rogier, and Herfst, Sander

Abstract

Influenza A viruses are amongst the most challenging viruses that threaten both human and animal health. Influenza A viruses are unique in many ways. Firstly, they are unique in the diversity of host species that they infect. This includes waterfowl (the original reservoir), terrestrial and aquatic poultry, swine, humans, horses, dog, cats, whales, seals and several other mammalian species. Secondly, they are unique in their capacity to evolve and adapt, following crossing the species barrier, in order to replicate and spread to other individuals within the new species. Finally, they are unique in the frequency of inter-species transmission events that occur. Indeed, the consequences of novel influenza virus strain in an immunologically naïve population can be devastating. The problems that influenza A viruses present for human and animal health are numerous. For example, influenza A viruses in humans represent a major economic and disease burden, whilst the poultry industry has suffered colossal damage due to repeated outbreaks of highly pathogenic avian influenza viruses. This review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of influenza A viruses by shedding light on interspecies virus transmission and summarising the current knowledge regarding how influenza viruses can adapt to a new host.

Published
2015

138. Optimisations and Challenges Involved in the Creation of Various Bioluminescent and Fluorescent Influenza A Virus Strains for In Vitro and In Vivo Applications

Author

Spronken, Monique, Short, Kirsty, Herfst, Sander, Bestebroer, Theo, Vaes, Vincent, van der Hoeven, B, Koster, AJ, Kremers, Gert-Jan, Scott, DP, Gultyaev, AP, Sorell, EM, de Graaf, Miranda, Barcena, M, Rimmelzwaan, Guus, Fouchier, Ron, Spronken, Monique, Short, Kirsty, Herfst, Sander, Bestebroer, Theo, Vaes, Vincent, van der Hoeven, B, Koster, AJ, Kremers, Gert-Jan, Scott, DP, Gultyaev, AP, Sorell, EM, de Graaf, Miranda, Barcena, M, Rimmelzwaan, Guus, and Fouchier, Ron

Abstract

Bioluminescent and fluorescent influenza A viruses offer new opportunities to study influenza virus replication, tropism and pathogenesis. To date, several influenza A reporter viruses have been described. These strategies typically focused on a single reporter gene (either bioluminescent or fluorescent) in a single virus backbone. However, whilst bioluminescence is suited to in vivo imaging, fluorescent viruses are more appropriate for microscopy. Therefore, the ideal reporter virus varies depending on the experiment in question, and it is important that any reporter virus strategy can be adapted accordingly. Herein, a strategy was developed to create five different reporter viruses in a single virus backbone. Specifically, enhanced green fluorescent protein (eGFP), far-red fluorescent protein (fRFP), near-infrared fluorescent protein (iRFP), Gaussia luciferase (gLUC) and firefly luciferase (fLUC) were inserted into the PA gene segment of A/PR/8/34 (H1N1). This study provides a comprehensive characterisation of the effects of different reporter genes on influenza virus replication and reporter activity. In vivo reporter gene expression, in lung tissues, was only detected for eGFP, fRFP and gLUC expressing viruses. In vitro, the eGFP-expressing virus displayed the best reporter stability and could be used for correlative light electron microscopy (CLEM). This strategy was then used to create eGFP-expressing viruses consisting entirely of pandemic H1N1, highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) H5N1 and H7N9. The HPAI H5N1 eGFP-expressing virus infected mice and reporter gene expression was

Published
2015

139. Avian Influenza A(H10N7) Virus-Associated Mass Deaths among Harbor Seals

Author

Bodewes, Rogier, Bestebroer, Theo, Vries, Erhard, Verhagen, Josanne, Herfst, Sander, Koopmans, Marion, Fouchier, Ron, Pfankuche, VM, Wohlsein, P, Siebert, U, Baumgartner, W, Osterhaus, Ab, Bodewes, Rogier, Bestebroer, Theo, Vries, Erhard, Verhagen, Josanne, Herfst, Sander, Koopmans, Marion, Fouchier, Ron, Pfankuche, VM, Wohlsein, P, Siebert, U, Baumgartner, W, and Osterhaus, Ab

Published
2015

140. Low Virulence and Lack of Airborne Transmission of the Dutch Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza Virus H5N8 in Ferrets

Author

Richard, Mathilde, Herfst, Sander, van den Brand, Judith, Lexmond, Pascal, Bestebroer, Theo, Rimmelzwaan, Guus, Koopmans, Marion, Kuiken, Thijs, Fouchier, Ron, Richard, Mathilde, Herfst, Sander, van den Brand, Judith, Lexmond, Pascal, Bestebroer, Theo, Rimmelzwaan, Guus, Koopmans, Marion, Kuiken, Thijs, and Fouchier, Ron

Abstract

Highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) H5N8 viruses that emerged in poultry in East Asia spread to Europe and North America by late 2014. Here we show that the European HPAI H5N8 viruses differ from the Korean and Japanese HPAI H5N8 viruses by several amino acids and that a Dutch HPAI H5N8 virus had low virulence and was not transmitted via the airborne route in ferrets. The virus did not cross-react with sera raised against pre-pandemic H5 vaccine strains. This data is useful for public health risk assessments.

Published
2015

143. Hemagglutinin stability as a key determinant of influenza A virus transmission via air.

Author

Tosheva, Ilona I, Saygan, Kain S, Mijnhardt, Suzanne MA, Russell, Charles J, Fraaij, Pieter LA, and Herfst, Sander

Abstract

To cause pandemics, zoonotic respiratory viruses need to adapt to replication in and spread between humans, either via (indirect or direct) contact or through the air via droplets and aerosols. To render influenza A viruses transmissible via air, three phenotypic viral properties must change, of which receptor-binding specificity and polymerase activity have been well studied. However, the third adaptive property, hemagglutinin (HA) acid stability, is less understood. Recent studies show that there may be a correlation between HA acid stability and virus survival in the air, suggesting that a premature conformational change of HA, triggered by low pH in the airways or droplets, may render viruses noninfectious before they can reach a new host. We here summarize available data from (animal) studies on the impact of HA acid stability on airborne transmission and hypothesize that the transmissibility of other respiratory viruses may also be impacted by an acidic environment in the airways. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2023
Full Text
View/download PDF

144. Optimisations and Challenges Involved in the Creation of Various Bioluminescent and Fluorescent Influenza A Virus Strains for In Vitro and In Vivo Applications

Author

Spronken, Monique I., primary, Short, Kirsty R., additional, Herfst, Sander, additional, Bestebroer, Theo M., additional, Vaes, Vincent P., additional, van der Hoeven, Barbara, additional, Koster, Abraham J., additional, Kremers, Gert-Jan, additional, Scott, Dana P., additional, Gultyaev, Alexander P., additional, Sorell, Erin M., additional, de Graaf, Miranda, additional, Bárcena, Montserrat, additional, Rimmelzwaan, Guus F., additional, and Fouchier, Ron A., additional

Published
2015
Full Text
View/download PDF

146. Avian Influenza A(H10N7) Virus–Associated Mass Deaths among Harbor Seals

Author

Bodewes, Rogier, primary, Bestebroer, Theo M., additional, van der Vries, Erhard, additional, Verhagen, Josanne H., additional, Herfst, Sander, additional, Koopmans, Marion P., additional, Fouchier, Ron A.M., additional, Pfankuche, Vanessa M., additional, Wohlsein, Peter, additional, Siebert, Ursula, additional, Baumgärtner, Wolfgang, additional, and Osterhaus, Albert D.M.E., additional

Published
2015
Full Text
View/download PDF

147. Improving pandemic influenza risk assessment.

Author

Russell, Colin A, Russell, Colin A, Kasson, Peter M, Donis, Ruben O, Riley, Steven, Dunbar, John, Rambaut, Andrew, Asher, Jason, Burke, Stephen, Davis, C Todd, Garten, Rebecca J, Gnanakaran, Sandrasegaram, Hay, Simon I, Herfst, Sander, Lewis, Nicola S, Lloyd-Smith, James O, Macken, Catherine A, Maurer-Stroh, Sebastian, Neuhaus, Elizabeth, Parrish, Colin R, Pepin, Kim M, Shepard, Samuel S, Smith, David L, Suarez, David L, Trock, Susan C, Widdowson, Marc-Alain, George, Dylan B, Lipsitch, Marc, Bloom, Jesse D, Russell, Colin A, Russell, Colin A, Kasson, Peter M, Donis, Ruben O, Riley, Steven, Dunbar, John, Rambaut, Andrew, Asher, Jason, Burke, Stephen, Davis, C Todd, Garten, Rebecca J, Gnanakaran, Sandrasegaram, Hay, Simon I, Herfst, Sander, Lewis, Nicola S, Lloyd-Smith, James O, Macken, Catherine A, Maurer-Stroh, Sebastian, Neuhaus, Elizabeth, Parrish, Colin R, Pepin, Kim M, Shepard, Samuel S, Smith, David L, Suarez, David L, Trock, Susan C, Widdowson, Marc-Alain, George, Dylan B, Lipsitch, Marc, and Bloom, Jesse D

Abstract

Assessing the pandemic risk posed by specific non-human influenza A viruses is an important goal in public health research. As influenza virus genome sequencing becomes cheaper, faster, and more readily available, the ability to predict pandemic potential from sequence data could transform pandemic influenza risk assessment capabilities. However, the complexities of the relationships between virus genotype and phenotype make such predictions extremely difficult. The integration of experimental work, computational tool development, and analysis of evolutionary pathways, together with refinements to influenza surveillance, has the potential to transform our ability to assess the risks posed to humans by non-human influenza viruses and lead to improved pandemic preparedness and response.

Published
2014

149. Improving pandemic influenza risk assessment

Author

Russell, Colin A, primary, Kasson, Peter M, additional, Donis, Ruben O, additional, Riley, Steven, additional, Dunbar, John, additional, Rambaut, Andrew, additional, Asher, Jason, additional, Burke, Stephen, additional, Davis, C Todd, additional, Garten, Rebecca J, additional, Gnanakaran, Sandrasegaram, additional, Hay, Simon I, additional, Herfst, Sander, additional, Lewis, Nicola S, additional, Lloyd-Smith, James O, additional, Macken, Catherine A, additional, Maurer-Stroh, Sebastian, additional, Neuhaus, Elizabeth, additional, Parrish, Colin R, additional, Pepin, Kim M, additional, Shepard, Samuel S, additional, Smith, David L, additional, Suarez, David L, additional, Trock, Susan C, additional, Widdowson, Marc-Alain, additional, George, Dylan B, additional, Lipsitch, Marc, additional, and Bloom, Jesse D, additional

Published
2014
Full Text
View/download PDF

150. Author response: Improving pandemic influenza risk assessment

Author

Russell, Colin A, primary, Kasson, Peter M, additional, Donis, Ruben O, additional, Riley, Steven, additional, Dunbar, John, additional, Rambaut, Andrew, additional, Asher, Jason, additional, Burke, Stephen, additional, Davis, C Todd, additional, Garten, Rebecca J, additional, Gnanakaran, Sandrasegaram, additional, Hay, Simon I, additional, Herfst, Sander, additional, Lewis, Nicola S, additional, Lloyd-Smith, James O, additional, Macken, Catherine A, additional, Maurer-Stroh, Sebastian, additional, Neuhaus, Elizabeth, additional, Parrish, Colin R, additional, Pepin, Kim M, additional, Shepard, Samuel S, additional, Smith, David L, additional, Suarez, David L, additional, Trock, Susan C, additional, Widdowson, Marc-Alain, additional, George, Dylan B, additional, Lipsitch, Marc, additional, and Bloom, Jesse D, additional

Published
2014
Full Text
View/download PDF

Catalog

Books, media, physical & digital resources
See catalog results