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Poplar wood is a light, soft, and fast-growing timber from a hardwood species, characteristics that make it suitable for several applications. This study focused on the mechanical characterization of Portuguese poplar species, namely white poplar (Populus alba) and black poplar (P. nigra), aiming for its structural use. Therefore, a sample of lamellae was assessed to determine its density and dynamic modulus of elasticity, using a non-destructive device, based on longitudinal vibrations. Clear wood specimens were obtained from a set of lamellae to perform tension and compression parallel-to-grain tests. These tests were used to determine the moduli of elasticity in tension and compression and the tensile and compressive strengths and strains. Also, typical stress-strain curves were identified for the sample studied. The results stressed the potential for structural applications of Portuguese poplar.

The use of timber for construction purposes in Portugal has decreased during the last century. However, recent market requests aiming at sustainable constructions led to a rediscovery of timber structures. Glued laminated timber is one of the most used timber construction products and its production using Portuguese Maritime pine (Pinus pinaster Ait.) has been studied and validated concerning its economic and mechanical performance. This paper aims to present a state of the art of the research conducted so far on the use of Maritime Pine for glulam as well as new research conveying bonding with more recent adhesives. The ongoing study comprised an extended experimental campaign on gluing Maritime pine timber grown in Portugal, for glulam production. Eight different adhesives were considered, namely based on: i) Phenol-Resorcinol-Formaldehyde (PRF), ii) Melamine-Urea-Formaldehyde (MUF), iii) Emulsion-Polymer-Isocyanate (EPI) and iv) Single Component Polyurethane (1C-PUR). The amount of adhesive used and the clamping pressure were considered as main variables. Delamination specimens were tested according to Method A of EN 14080 [1] and shear strength tests followed Annex D of the same standard. In terms of delamination it was observed an excellent performance of all PRF adhesives. MUF, EPI and 1C-PUR adhesives presented good bonding performance, however, it is important to emphasize the need to use primer (PR) in the case of 1C-PUR adhesive. The shear strength was not influenced significantly by the adhesive type but some differences were found on Wood Failure Percentage for EPI and 1C-PUR adhesives.

This paper describes the use of non-destructive methods to assess the mechanical properties of structural glued laminated timber (GLT) made from poplar. The longitudinal vibration method (LVM) and the transformed section method (TSM) were considered. Full-scale tests were also performed to determine the most relevant mechanical properties of 18 beams, namely modulus of elasticity and bending strength. In addition, the bonding performance of each beam was checked by delamination and shear strength tests. Detailed analysis of the results was performed and combined with Levene and Tukey tests. The accuracy of the two non-destructive test methods was evaluated by linear regression analysis. The TSM showed stronger correlations with modulus of elasticity and shear strength. Slightly lower values were obtained using the LVM. A strength class of GL24c can be assigned for GLT made from poplar, with lower properties at the inner lamellas.

Diagnosis of idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus is based in clinical data, radiologic variables, and invasive cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) testing, such as the lumbar infusion test. Several neuroimaging findings are inconclusively related to improvement after CSF shunt surgery. CSF tests are invasive and have complications. The aim of this study was to select radiologic variables related to a positive lumbar infusion test so as to avoid this test in patients.Patients with possible idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus were reviewed. The collected radiologic data were cingulate sulcus sign, disproportionately enlarged subarachnoid space, callosal angle, and width of temporal horns. Two groups were established: group 1, comprising patients with resistance to CSF outflow12 mm Hg/mL/minute, and group 2, comprising patients with resistance to CSF outflow12 mm Hg/mL/minute. Negative and positive predictive values were determined.The study included 43 patients in group 1 and 64 patients in group 2. Group 2 significantly showed more acute callosal angle with higher accuracy cutoff value of 90.6°, lower width of temporal horns with higher accuracy cutoff value of 8 mm, and higher percentage of cingulate sulcus sign and disproportionately enlarged subarachnoid space. Matching the radiologic variables, positive predictive values were80%; however, negative predictive values were low.Owing to high positive predictive values of matched radiological variables, the lumbar infusion test could be avoided in the diagnosis of idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus. However, when 1 or 2 of the variables are negative, this invasive test should be performed.

Dedicamos este artigo à memória da Professora Lineide Salvador Mosca, que iniciou a pesquisa sobre retórica e argumentação na Universidade de São Paulo. Neste artigo, pretendemos sublinhar a importância do trabalho de Lineide Mosca para a consolidação do campo de investigação da argumentação retórica no Brasil. Para isso, abordamos elementos de sua biografia e de seu percurso intelectual, organizando dados relativos às suas orientações de pesquisa e às suas publicações mais relevantes. Esperamos que este artigo possa realçar a dimensão acadêmica e afetiva da pesquisadora homenageada, assim como apresentar um roteiro de leitura da obra de uma das pioneiras dos estudos discursivo-argumentativos no Brasil.

El artículo propone, de un lado, analizar cómo la evolución del planeamiento urbanístico en un contexto de globalización ha facilitado el surgimiento de nuevos conflictos urbanísticos y, de otro, identificar cómo se articulan las variadas formas de movilización ciudadana en relación a estos conflictos. Finalmente, a través del caso de la defensa del complejo industrial de Can Ricart de Barcelona se ejemplifica cómo las plataformas ciudadanas consiguen poner en entredicho el modelo de desarrollo urbano de la ciudad., Finisterra, vol. 45 n.º 90 (2010)

The goal of this study is to propose a method for the architectural design of wood houses in Portugal. Construction and manufacturing companies were interviewed to understand the wood house market. A case study was developed by simulating four variations of a project, including different wood construction systems (wood frame, post and beam, logs, and cross-laminated timber). Based on the identified problems, a design method was defined by using decision support tables, lists of procedures and optimization strategies. A multi-criteria decision support process was proposed to assist in the assessment and selection of the “best” solution among the potential options. During the program phase, the use of a catalogue of architectural typologies with construction and formal systems promotes the process’ optimization. In the sketch design phase, the adoption of an assessment process, specific design procedures and pre-set strategies (durability, construction integrity, economy) aims to assure construction quality., Se presenta un método para el diseño arquitectónico de casas de madera. Se entrevistó a empresas de construcción y fabricación y se desarrolló un caso de estudio simulando cuatro variaciones de un proyecto, incluidos diferentes sistemas de madera (entramados ligeros, poste y viga, troncos, y madera contralaminada encolada). Sobre la base de los problemas identificados, se definió un método de diseño utilizando tablas de apoyo a las decisiones, listas de procedimientos y estrategias de optimización. Un proceso de apoyo a la decisión de criterios múltiples fue propuesto como una ayuda en la evaluación y selección de la mejor solución. Durante la fase del programa, el uso de un catálogo de tipologías con sistemas de construcción y sistemas formales promueve la optimización del proceso. En la fase de anteproyecto, la adopción de un proceso de evaluación, procedimientos de diseño específicos y estrategias preestablecidas (durabilidad, integridad de la construcción, economía) tienen como objetivo garantizar la calidad de la construcción.

Resenha: VOLOCHINOV, Valentin (Circulo de Bakhtin). Marxismo e filosofia da linguagem . Problemas fundamentais do metodo sociologico na ciencia da linguagem. Traducao, notas e glossario de Sheila Grillo e Ekaterina Volkova Americo. Ensaio introdutorio de Sheila Grillo. Sao Paulo: Ed. 34, 2017, 373p.

RESUMO É próprio da sociedade de Direito - democrática e pluralista - os inúmeros confrontos de opinião que, muitas vezes, suscitam polêmicas acirradas. A promulgação da lei da Biossegurança, em 2005, foi seguida de um vasto debate acerca de sua constitucionalidade, especialmente em relação à liberação das pesquisas com células-tronco embrionárias. Em 2008, respondendo a uma Ação Direta de Inconstitucionalidade (ADI 3510), ajuizada pelo procurador-geral da República, o Supremo Tribunal Federal considerou a Lei constitucional, mantendo a posição inicial. Guiando tal decisão, o voto do relator, precedido do relatório processual, expõe amplamente a polêmica encetada. Visando à compreensão do desenvolvimento da argumentação na área jurídica, este trabalho tem como objetivo mostrar como a esfera ideológica do Direito reflete e refrata esse embate discursiva e linguisticamente. Metodológica e teoricamente, utilizaremos a análise dialógica do discurso, de inspiração na obra de Bakhtin e o Círculo, aliada a noções retóricas de ethos e pathos, na compreensão, análise e interpretação deste texto - o voto do relator Ministro Carlos Ayres Britto. Constatamos que, embora o debate jurídico busque de preferência o consenso, nem sempre isso ocorre - e não ocorreu, tanto no STF como na sociedade. ABSTRACT In a democratic and pluralistic lawful society, countless clashes of opinion often give rise to heated polemics. In Brazil, the promulgation of the Biosecurity Act 2005 was followed by a wide debate about its constitutionality, especially in relation to the permission to use embryonic stem cell for research. In 2008 the Federal Supreme Court (FSC), responding to a Direct Action of Unconstitutionality (ADI 3510), filed by the Prosecutor General of Brazil, found it constitutional and maintained their initial position. This decision was guided by the Rapporteur’s vote, which was preceded by a procedural report and widely presents the polemic generated by this Act. Aimimg to understand the development of the legal argumentation, this study is intended to show how the ideological sphere of law reflects and refracts this clash of opinions discursively and linguistically. In order to comprehend, analyze and interpret this text, - i.e. the vote of the rapporteur, Justice Carlos Ayres Britto, we are theoretically and methodologically grounded in the dialogical discourse analysis, which is inspired in the works of Bakhtin and the Circle, and also in the rhetoric notions of ethos and pathos. We observed that, although the legal discourse preferably seeks a consensus, it is not what always occurs. In the particular case of this article, a consensus was not reached either in the FSC or in society in general.

This paper presents the results of an experimental study carried out with the following main purposes: (i) evaluate the effect of different types of delamination of straight glulam beams on their structural behavior up to failure; (ii) evaluate the effectiveness of repairing those beams after bending failure through the use of self-drilling screws and plywood sheets; (iii) evaluate the effectiveness of a preventive repair of those beams (applied before loading them to failure) through the use of self-drilling screws. The tested elements comprised (i) reference beams, without delamination; beams with delamination at the ends involving the overall cross-section width, in (ii) moderate lengths and in (iii) significant lengths; and (iv) beams with delamination along all length at the outer thirds of the cross-section width. The results of the bending tests of the unrepaired beams showed that (i) the end delamination causes a decrease in the strength and stiffness of the beams, more markedly for longer delamination length and that (ii) the longitudinal delamination, not involving the entire cross-section width, does not significantly affect the behavior of the beams. The results of the beams repaired after failure showed that the intervention technique used is adequate and that its degree of effectiveness depends on the type of delamination and on the level of damage occurred at failure. The results of the preventively repaired beams showed that the intervention method used confers significant improvements in resistance and stiffness to unrepaired beams, although it does not allow achieving the performance of healthy beams.

Monitoring and evaluation of glued laminated timber structures in service is essential to warrant its integrity, where non-destructive techniques play an important role. This paper describes the results obtained on glued laminated timber beams of maritime pine, with and without preservative treatment, and of spruce, exposed to natural outdoor environment as well as to artificial weathering. The assessment of glue lines’ shear strength was investigated through the extraction and testing of cores parallel and perpendicular to the glued lines and block shear specimens with 50 mm × 50 mm and 20 mm × 20 mm shear area. The results highlight the different performances of the various types of specimens tested, showing that the measured shear strength depends on the specimen size and that the size effect depends on the material strength giving a decreasing modification factor with the increase of strength in opposition to the constant factor suggested by standard EN 14080. They also show that shear testing of cores drilled perpendicular to the glued joints may be a promising tool in the assessment of glulam structures on site.

10597 Background: Identification of a germline mutation in a breast cancer predisposition gene has implications for the patients and their families. The National Comprehensive Cancer Network (NCCN) has published guidelines for genetic testing. In Brazil, this assessment is covered by health insurance in accordance with criteria defined by the National Supplementary Health Agency (ANS). For the majority of the population, served by the public health system (SUS), the assessment is not routinely available. Methods: In order to determine the prevalence rates of NCCN and ANS criteria for germline testing in breast cancer (primary outcome) we retrospectively analyzed data from patients treated at two SUS oncology centers in Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil, between 01/01/18 and 12/31/19. The secondary outcomes were comparisons between the groups with and without germline testing criteria (NCCN and ANS) regarding overall survival, clinical and epidemiological characteristics. The association between qualitative variables was calculated using the Chi-square and Fisher tests. The Kaplan-Meier method was used to analyse the survival data and the differences between the groups were tested using the log-rank test. The level of significance was 5%. Results: A total of 357 patients were included in the final analysis. The presence of germline testing criteria were found in 126 patients (35%) according to NCCN guidelines and in 82 patients (23%) according to ANS guidelines. None of them were tested for germline mutations. The most common criteria were women up to 60 years old with triple negative tumors (n = 43, 12% of all patients) and diagnosis of cancer up to 45 years old (n = 75, 21% of all patients) according to ANS and NCCN criteria, respectively. When the group of patients who met at least one criterion for germline testing were compared with the group who did not met any criteria, we found in the first group: more ductal carcinomas and less lobular tumors (p = 0.009), more grade 3 tumors (p = 0.002), more triple negative tumors (p < 0.001), more neoadjuvant treatments (p = 0.008) and less hormonal therapies (p = 0.011). After a median follow up of 13.5 months there were 22 deaths in the cohort, 7 in the group with testing criteria (5.7%) and 15 in the group without testing criteria (6.4%). There was no statistical significant difference between the groups in terms of overall survival (p = 0.77). Conclusions: To our knowledge this is the first study to evaluate the prevalence of NCCN and ANS criteria for germline testing in patients with breast cancer treated in the Brazilian public health system. Our results show that more than a third of those patients are candidates for germline testing. Moreover, the data highlight a serious shortcoming in the management of breast cancer and must be considered in the development of public health policies for routine germline testing in that population.

Editorial

Purpose This paper aims to present the results of an extensive experimental programme on the fire behaviour of timber beam-to-column shear connections, loaded perpendicularly to the grain. Design/methodology/approach The experimental programme comprised tests at normal temperature and loaded fire resistance tests on beam-to-column connections in shear. Twenty-four full-scale tests at normal temperature were performed covering nine different connection typologies, and 19 loaded fire resistance tests were conducted including 11 connections typologies. Findings The results of the fire resistance tests show that the tested typologies of steel-to-timber dowelled connections reached more than 30 and even 60 minutes of fire resistance. However, aspects such as a wider gap between the beam and the column, reduced dowel spacing, and the presence of reinforcement with self-drilling screws all have a negative influence on the fire resistance. Originality/value The experimental programme addressed the fire behaviour of timber beam-to-column shear connections loaded perpendicularly to the grain in a systematic way testing a wide range of common connection typologies significantly enlarging their experimental background.