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Additional file 2: Table S1. Summary of the 306 worldwide wheat accessions. Table S2. Comparison of the eight plant architecture traits between two environments. Table S3. Detailed information of all significantly associated SNPs for the investigated traits> 5). Table S4. The 330 identified loci associated with investigated traits in this study. Table S5. Overlap between the known genes/QTLs and 330 identified loci in this study. Table S6. XP-CLR scores for the known genes. Table S7. The haplotypes of four major loci for the length of the four internodes in 831 Chinese wheat accessions. Table S8. The phenotypic data for the varieties from the seven continents/regions. Table S9. The phenotypic data of the haplotypes of the four major loci for the length of the four internodes. Table S10. The distribution of haplotypes of the four internodes in 306 worldwide accessions. Table S11. The genotypic data of all the varieties in the first pedigree. Table S12. The genotypic data of all the varieties in the second pedigree. Table S13. The interaction between environments and haplotypes for the length of the four internodes. Table S14. The interaction between environments and haplotypes for the length of the four internodes. Table S15. The 432 wheat varieties used for the analysis of the evolutionary relationship of the haplotypes. Table S16. The haplotype combinations for the length of the four internodes in 306 worldwide wheat accessions. Table S17. The haplotype combinations for the length of the four internodes in 306 worldwide wheat accessions. Table S18. The distribution of haplotype combinations for the length of the four internodes in 831 Chinese wheat accessions. Table S19. The phenotypic data of the four major haplotypes of TraesCS1A02G064800 in 306 worldwide wheat accessions. Table S20. The allele distribution of the SNP used in the RILs in the 306 worldwide wheat accessions. Table S21. The phenotypic data of RILs.

Additional file 3. Review history.

Objective To construct a prediction model for more precise evaluation of prognosis which will allow personalized treatment recommendations for adjuvant therapy in patients following resection of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). Background Marked heterogeneity of patient prognosis and limited evidence regarding survival benefit of various adjuvant therapy regimens pose challenges in the clinical treatment of ESCC. Methods Based on comprehensive clinical data obtained from 4,129 consecutive patients with resected ESCC in a high-risk region in China, we identified predictors for overall survival (OS) through a two-phase selection based on Cox proportional hazard regression and minimization of Akaike information criterion. The model was internally validated using bootstrapping and externally validated in 1,815 patients from a non-high-risk region in China. Results The final model incorporates nine variables: age, sex, primary site, T stage, N stage, number of lymph nodes harvested, tumor size, adjuvant treatment, and hemoglobin level. A significant interaction was also observed between N stage and adjuvant treatment. N1+ stage patients were likely to benefit from addition of adjuvant therapy as opposed to surgery alone, but adjuvant therapy did not improve OS for N0 stage patients. The C-index of the model was 0.729 in the training cohort, 0.723 after bootstrapping, and 0.695 in the external validation cohort. This model outperformed the seventh edition American Joint Committee on Cancer staging system in prognostic prediction and risk stratification. Conclusion The prediction model constructed in this study may facilitate precise prediction of survival and inform decision-making about adjuvant therapy according to N stage.

Plant nitrogen assimilation and use efficiency in the seedling's root system are beneficial for adult plants in field condition for yield enhancement. Identification of the genetic basis between root traits and N uptake plays a crucial role in wheat breeding. In the present study, 198 doubled haploid lines from the cross of Yangmai 16/Zhongmai 895 were used to identify quantitative trait loci (QTLs) underpinning four seedling biomass traits and five root system architecture (RSA) related traits. The plants were grown under hydroponic conditions with control, low and high N treatments (Ca(NO3)2·4H2O at 0, 0.05 and 2.0 mmol L−1, respectively). Significant variations among the treatments and genotypes, and positive correlations between seedling biomass and RSA traits (r=0.20 to 0.98) were observed. Inclusive composite interval mapping based on a high-density map from the Wheat 660K single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) array identified 51 QTLs from the three N treatments. Twelve new QTLs detected on chromosomes 1AL (1) in the control, 1DS (2) in high N treatment, 4BL (5) in low and high N treatments, and 7DS (3) and 7DL (1) in low N treatments, are first reported in influencing the root and biomass related traits for N uptake. The most stable QTLs (RRS.caas-4DS) on chromosome 4DS, which were related to ratio of root to shoot dry weight trait, was in close proximity of the Rht-D1 gene, and it showed high phenotypic effects, explaining 13.1% of the phenotypic variance. Twenty-eight QTLs were clustered in 12 genetic regions. SNP markers tightly linked to two important QTLs clusters C10 and C11 on chromosomes 6BL and 7BL were converted to kompetitive allele-specific PCR (KASP) assays that underpin important traits in root development, including root dry weight, root surface area and shoot dry weight. These QTLs, clusters and KASP assays can greatly improve the efficiency of selection for root traits in wheat breeding programmes.

Objective This study aimed to develop and validate a risk scoring system to identify high-risk individuals carrying malignant lesions in stomach for tailored gastric cancer screening. Methods A gastric cancer risk scoring system (GC-RSS) was developed based on questionnaire-based predictors for gastric cancer derived from systematic literature review. To assess the capability of this system for discrimination, risk scores for 8,214 and 7,235 outpatient subjects accepting endoscopic examination in two endoscopy centers, and 32,630 participants in a community-based cohort in China were calculated to plot receiver operating characteristic curves and generate area under the curve (AUC). To evaluate the performance of GC-RSS, the screening proportion, sensitivity and detection rate ratio compared to universal screening were used under different risk score cutoff values. Results GC-RSS comprised nine predictors including advanced age, male gender, low body mass index (

To evaluate the long-term and short-term outcomes of minimally invasive esophagectomy (MIE) compared with open esophagectomy (OE) in localized esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) patients in real-world settings.MIE is an alternative to OE, despite the limited evidence regarding its effect on long-term survival.We recruited 5822 consecutive patients with resectable ESCC in two typical high-volume centers in southern and northern China, 1453 of whom underwent MIE. Propensity score-based overlap weighted regression adjusted for multifaceted confounding factors was used to compare outcomes in the MIE and OE groups.Five-year overall survival (OS) was 62.7% in the MIE group and 57.7% in the OE group. The overlap weighted Cox regression showed slightly better OS in the MIE group (HR 0.93, 95% CI: 0.82-1.06). Although duration of surgery was longer and treatment cost higher in the MIE group than in the OE group, the number of lymph nodes harvested was larger, the proportion of intraoperative blood transfusions lower, and postoperative complications less in the MIE group. 30-day (RR 0.77, 0.38-1.55) and 90-day (RR 0.79, 0.46-1.35) mortality were lower in the MIE group versus the OE group, although not statistically significant. These findings were consistent across different analytic approaches and subgroups, notably in the subset of ESCC patients with large tumors.MIE can be performed safely with OS comparable to OE for patients with localized ESCC, indicating MIE may be recommended as the primary surgical approach for resectable ESCC in health facilities with requisite technical capacity.