129 results on '"Hazelett, Dennis"'
Search Results
102. Segment-specific muscle degeneration is triggered directly by a steroid hormone during insect metamorphosis
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Hazelett, Dennis J., primary and Weeks, Janis C., additional
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- 2004
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103. act up Controls Actin Polymerization to Alter Cell Shape and Restrict Hedgehog Signaling in the Drosophila Eye Disc
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Benlali, Aude, primary, Draskovic, Irena, additional, Hazelett, Dennis J, additional, and Treisman, Jessica E, additional
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- 2000
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104. Nucleosome positioning and histone modifications define relationships between regulatory elements and nearby gene expression in breast epithelial cells.
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Suhn Kyong Rhie, Hazelett, Dennis J., Coetzee, Simon G., Yan, Chunli, Noushmehr, Houtan, and Coetzee, Gerhard A.
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MOLECULAR structure of chromatin , *CHROMATIN , *HISTONE genetics , *GENETIC regulation , *GENE expression , *EPITHELIAL cells , *PHYSIOLOGY , *CELL physiology - Abstract
Background The precise nature of how cell type specific chromatin structures at enhancer sites affect gene expression is largely unknown. Here we identified cell type specific enhancers coupled with gene expression in two different types of breast epithelial cells, HMEC (normal breast epithelial cells) and MDAMB231 (triple negative breast cancer cell line). Results Enhancers were defined by modified neighboring histones [using chromatin immunoprecipitation followed by sequencing (ChIP-seq)] and nucleosome depletion [using formaldehyde-assisted isolation of regulatory elements followed by sequencing (FAIREseq)]. Histone modifications at enhancers were related to the expression levels of nearby genes up to 750 kb away. These expression levels were correlated with enhancer status (poised or active), defined by surrounding histone marks. Furthermore, about fifty percent of poised and active enhancers contained nucleosome-depleted regions. We also identified response element motifs enriched at these enhancer sites that revealed key transcription factors (e.g. TP63) likely involved in regulating breast epithelial enhancer-mediated gene expression. By utilizing expression data, potential target genes of more than 600 active enhancers were identified. These genes were involved in proteolysis, epidermis development, cell adhesion, mitosis, cell cycle, and DNA replication. Conclusions These findings facilitate the understanding of epigenetic regulation specifically, such as the relationships between regulatory elements and gene expression and generally, how breast epithelial cellular phenotypes are determined by cell type specific enhancers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2014
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105. Comprehensive Functional Annotation of 77 Prostate Cancer Risk Loci.
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Hazelett, Dennis J., Rhie, Suhn Kyong, Gaddis, Malaina, Yan, Chunli, Lakeland, Daniel L., Coetzee, Simon G., Henderson, Brian E., Noushmehr, Houtan, Cozen, Wendy, Kote-Jarai, Zsofia, Eeles, Rosalind A., Easton, Douglas F., Haiman, Christopher A., Lu, Wange, Farnham, Peggy J., and Coetzee, Gerhard A.
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PROSTATE cancer risk factors , *DISEASE progression , *X chromosome , *SEX chromatin , *CELL lines - Abstract
Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have revolutionized the field of cancer genetics, but the causal links between increased genetic risk and onset/progression of disease processes remain to be identified. Here we report the first step in such an endeavor for prostate cancer. We provide a comprehensive annotation of the 77 known risk loci, based upon highly correlated variants in biologically relevant chromatin annotations— we identified 727 such potentially functional SNPs. We also provide a detailed account of possible protein disruption, microRNA target sequence disruption and regulatory response element disruption of all correlated SNPs at . 88% of the 727 SNPs fall within putative enhancers, and many alter critical residues in the response elements of transcription factors known to be involved in prostate biology. We define as risk enhancers those regions with enhancer chromatin biofeatures in prostate-derived cell lines with prostate-cancer correlated SNPs. To aid the identification of these enhancers, we performed genomewide ChIP-seq for H3K27-acetylation, a mark of actively engaged enhancers, as well as the transcription factor TCF7L2. We analyzed in depth three variants in risk enhancers, two of which show significantly altered androgen sensitivity in LNCaP cells. This includes rs4907792, that is in linkage disequilibrium () with an eQTL for NUDT11 (on the X chromosome) in prostate tissue, and rs10486567, the index SNP in intron 3 of the JAZF1 gene on chromosome 7. Rs4907792 is within a critical residue of a strong consensus androgen response element that is interrupted in the protective allele, resulting in a 56% decrease in its androgen sensitivity, whereas rs10486567 affects both NKX3-1 and FOXA-AR motifs where the risk allele results in a 39% increase in basal activity and a 28% fold-increase in androgen stimulated enhancer activity. Identification of such enhancer variants and their potential target genes represents a preliminary step in connecting risk to disease process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2014
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
106. Segment-specific muscle degeneration is triggered directly by a steroid hormone during insect metamorphosis.
- Author
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Hazelett, Dennis J. and Weeks, Janis C.
- Abstract
During metamorphosis of the hawkmoth, Manduca sexta, some larval muscles degenerate while others are respecified for new functions. In larvae, accessory planta retractor muscles (APRMs) are present in abdominal segments 1 to 6 (A1 to A6). APRMs serve as proleg retractors in A3 to A6 and body wall muscles in A1 and A2. At pupation, all APRMs degenerate except those in A2 and A3, which are respecified to circulate hemolymph in pupae. The motoneurons that innervate APRMs, the APRs, likewise undergo segment-specific programmed cell death (PCD), as a direct, cell-autonomous response to the prepupal peak of ecdysteroids. The segment-specific patterns of APR and APRM death differ. The present study tested the hypothesis that APRM death is a direct, cell-autonomous response to the prepupal peak of ecdysteroids. Prevention of the prepupal peak prevented APRM degeneration, and replacement of the peak by infusion of 20-hydroxyecdysone restored the correct segment-specific pattern of APRM degeneration. Surgical denervation of APRMs did not perturb their segment-specific degeneration at pupation, indicating that signals from APRs are not required for the muscles' segment-specific responses to ecdysteroids. The possibility that instructive signals originate from APRMs' epidermal attachment points was tested by treating the epidermis with a juvenile hormone analog to prevent pupal development. This manipulation likewise did not alter APRM fate. We conclude that both the muscles and motoneurons in this motor system respond directly and cell-autonomously to prepupal ecdysteroids to produce a segment-specific pattern of PCD that is matched to the functional requirements of the pupal body. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Neurobiol, 2005 [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2005
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107. Common variants at theCHEK2gene locus and risk of epithelial ovarian cancer
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Lawrenson, Kate, Iversen, Edwin S., Tyrer, Jonathan, Weber, Rachel Palmieri, Concannon, Patrick, Hazelett, Dennis J., Li, Qiyuan, Marks, Jeffrey R., Berchuck, Andrew, Lee, Janet M., Aben, Katja K.H., Anton-Culver, Hoda, Antonenkova, Natalia, Bandera, Elisa V., Bean, Yukie, Beckmann, Matthias W., Bisogna, Maria, Bjorge, Line, Bogdanova, Natalia, Brinton, Louise A., Brooks-Wilson, Angela, Bruinsma, Fiona, Butzow, Ralf, Campbell, Ian G., Carty, Karen, Chang-Claude, Jenny, Chenevix-Trench, Georgia, Chen, Ann, Chen, Zhihua, Cook, Linda S., Cramer, Daniel William, Cunningham, Julie M., Cybulski, Cezary, Plisiecka-Halasa, Joanna, Dennis, Joe, Dicks, Ed, Doherty, Jennifer A., Dörk, Thilo, du Bois, Andreas, Eccles, Diana, Easton, Douglas T., Edwards, Robert P., Eilber, Ursula, Ekici, Arif B., Fasching, Peter A., Fridley, Brooke L., Gao, Yu-Tang, Gentry-Maharaj, Aleksandra, Giles, Graham G., Glasspool, Rosalind, Goode, Ellen L., Goodman, Marc T., Gronwald, Jacek, Harter, Philipp, Hasmad, Hanis Nazihah, Hein, Alexander, Heitz, Florian, Hildebrandt, Michelle A.T., Hillemanns, Peter, Hogdall, Estrid, Hogdall, Claus, Hosono, Satoyo, Jakubowska, Anna, Paul, James, Jensen, Allan, Karlan, Beth Y., Kjaer, Susanne Kruger, Kelemen, Linda E., Kellar, Melissa, Kelley, Joseph L., Kiemeney, Lambertus A., Krakstad, Camilla, Lambrechts, Diether, Lambrechts, Sandrina, Le, Nhu D., Lee, Alice W., Cannioto, Rikki, Leminen, Arto, Lester, Jenny, Levine, Douglas A., Liang, Dong, Lissowska, Jolanta, Lu, Karen, Lubinski, Jan, Lundvall, Lene, Massuger, Leon F.A.G., Matsuo, Keitaro, McGuire, Valerie, McLaughlin, John R., Nevanlinna, Heli, McNeish, Iain, Menon, Usha, Modugno, Francesmary, Moysich, Kirsten B., Narod, Steven A., Nedergaard, Lotte, Ness, Roberta B., Noor Azmi, Mat Adenan, Odunsi, Kunle, Olson, Sara H., Orlow, Irene, Orsulic, Sandra, Pearce, Celeste L., Pejovic, Tanja, Pelttari, Liisa M., Permuth-Wey, Jennifer, Phelan, Catherine M., Pike, Malcolm C., Poole, Elizabeth M., Ramus, Susan J., Risch, Harvey A., Rosen, Barry, Rossing, Mary Anne, Rothstein, Joseph H., Rudolph, Anja, Runnebaum, Ingo B., Rzepecka, Iwona K., Salvesen, Helga B., Budzilowska, Agnieszka, Sellers, Thomas A., Shu, Xiao-Ou, Shvetsov, Yurii B., Siddiqui, Nadeem, Sieh, Weiva, Song, Honglin, Southey, Melissa C., Sucheston, Lara, Tangen, Ingvild L., Teo, Soo-Hwang, Terry, Kathryn Lynne, Thompson, Pamela J., Timorek, Agnieszka, Tworoger, Shelley Slate, Nieuwenhuysen, Els Van, Vergote, Ignace, Vierkant, Robert A., Wang-Gohrke, Shan, Walsh, Christine, Wentzensen, Nicolas, Whittemore, Alice S., Wicklund, Kristine G., Wilkens, Lynne R., Woo, Yin-Ling, Wu, Xifeng, Wu, Anna H., Yang, Hannah, Zheng, Wei, Ziogas, Argyrios, Coetzee, Gerhard A., Freedman, Matthew Lawrence, Monteiro, Alvaro N.A., Moes-Sosnowska, Joanna, Kupryjanczyk, Jolanta, Pharoah, Paul D., Gayther, Simon A., and Schildkraut, Joellen M.
- Abstract
Genome-wide association studies have identified 20 genomic regions associated with risk of epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC), but many additional risk variants may exist. Here, we evaluated associations between common genetic variants [single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and indels] in DNA repair genes and EOC risk. We genotyped 2896 common variants at 143 gene loci in DNA samples from 15 397 patients with invasive EOC and controls. We found evidence of associations with EOC risk for variants at FANCA, EXO1, E2F4, E2F2, CREB5 and CHEK2 genes (P ≤ 0.001). The strongest risk association was for CHEK2 SNP rs17507066 with serous EOC (P = 4.74 x 10(-7)). Additional genotyping and imputation of genotypes from the 1000 genomes project identified a slightly more significant association for CHEK2 SNP rs6005807 (r (2) with rs17507066 = 0.84, odds ratio (OR) 1.17, 95% CI 1.11-1.24, P = 1.1×10(-7)). We identified 293 variants in the region with likelihood ratios of less than 1:100 for representing the causal variant. Functional annotation identified 25 candidate SNPs that alter transcription factor binding sites within regulatory elements active in EOC precursor tissues. In The Cancer Genome Atlas dataset, CHEK2 gene expression was significantly higher in primary EOCs compared to normal fallopian tube tissues (P = 3.72×10(-8)). We also identified an association between genotypes of the candidate causal SNP rs12166475 (r (2) = 0.99 with rs6005807) and CHEK2 expression (P = 2.70×10(-8)). These data suggest that common variants at 22q12.1 are associated with risk of serous EOC and CHEK2 as a plausible target susceptibility gene., Other Research Unit
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- 2015
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108. Identification of six new susceptibility loci for invasive epithelial ovarian cancer
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Kuchenbaecker, Karoline B., Ramus, Susan J., Tyrer, Jonathan, Lee, Andrew, Shen, Howard C., Beesley, Jonathan, Lawrenson, Kate, McGuffog, Lesley, Healey, Sue, Lee, Janet M., Spindler, Tassja J., Lin, Yvonne G., Pejovic, Tanja, Bean, Yukie, Li, Qiyuan, Coetzee, Simon, Hazelett, Dennis, Miron, Alexander, Southey, Melissa, Terry, Mary Beth, Goldgar, David E., Buys, Saundra S., Janavicius, Ramunas, Dorfling, Cecilia M., van Rensburg, Elizabeth J., Neuhausen, Susan L., Ding, Yuan Chun, Hansen, Thomas V. O., Jønson, Lars, Gerdes, Anne-Marie, Ejlertsen, Bent, Barrowdale, Daniel, Dennis, Joe, Benitez, Javier, Osorio, Ana, Garcia, Maria Jose, Komenaka, Ian, Weitzel, Jeffrey N., Ganschow, Pamela, Peterlongo, Paolo, Bernard, Loris, Viel, Alessandra, Bonanni, Bernardo, Peissel, Bernard, Manoukian, Siranoush, Radice, Paolo, Papi, Laura, Ottini, Laura, Fostira, Florentia, Konstantopoulou, Irene, Garber, Judy, Frost, Debra, Perkins, Jo, Platte, Radka, Ellis, Steve, Godwin, Andrew K., Schmutzler, Rita Katharina, Meindl, Alfons, Engel, Christoph, Sutter, Christian, Sinilnikova, Olga M., Damiola, Francesca, Mazoyer, Sylvie, Stoppa-Lyonnet, Dominique, Claes, Kathleen, De Leeneer, Kim, Kirk, Judy, Rodriguez, Gustavo C., Piedmonte, Marion, O'Malley, David M., de la Hoya, Miguel, Caldes, Trinidad, Aittomäki, Kristiina, Nevanlinna, Heli, Collée, J. Margriet, Rookus, Matti A., Oosterwijk, Jan C., Tihomirova, Laima, Tung, Nadine, Hamann, Ute, Isaacs, Claudine, Tischkowitz, Marc, Imyanitov, Evgeny N., Caligo, Maria A., Campbell, Ian, Hogervorst, Frans B.L., Olah, Edith, Diez, Orland, Blanco, Ignacio, Brunet, Joan, Lazaro, Conxi, Pujana, Miquel Angel, Jakubowska, Anna, Gronwald, Jacek, Lubinski, Jan, Sukiennicki, Grzegorz, Barkardottir, Rosa B., Plante, Marie, Simard, Jacques, Soucy, Penny, Montagna, Marco, Tognazzo, Silvia, Teixeira, Manuel R., Pankratz, Vernon S., Wang, Xianshu, Lindor, Noralane, Szabo, Csilla I., Kauff, Noah, Vijai, Joseph, Aghajanian, Carol A., Pfeiler, Georg, Berger, Andreas, Singer, Christian F., Tea, Muy-Kheng, Phelan, Catherine M., Greene, Mark H., Mai, Phuong L., Rennert, Gad, Mulligan, Anna Marie, Tchatchou, Sandrine, Andrulis, Irene L., Glendon, Gord, Toland, Amanda Ewart, Jensen, Uffe Birk, Kruse, Torben A., Thomassen, Mads, Bojesen, Anders, Zidan, Jamal, Friedman, Eitan, Laitman, Yael, Soller, Maria, Liljegren, Annelie, Arver, Brita, Einbeigi, Zakaria, Stenmark-Askmalm, Marie, Olopade, Olufunmilayo I., Nussbaum, Robert L., Rebbeck, Timothy R., Nathanson, Katherine L., Domchek, Susan M., Lu, Karen H., Karlan, Beth Y., Walsh, Christine, Lester, Jenny, Hein, Alexander, Ekici, Arif B., Beckmann, Matthias W., Fasching, Peter A., Lambrechts, Diether, Nieuwenhuysen, Els Van, Vergote, Ignace, Lambrechts, Sandrina, Dicks, Ed, Doherty, Jennifer A., Wicklund, Kristine G., Rossing, Mary Anne, Rudolph, Anja, Chang-Claude, Jenny, Wang-Gohrke, Shan, Eilber, Ursula, Moysich, Kirsten B., Odunsi, Kunle, Sucheston-Campbell, Lara, Lele, Shashi, Wilkens, Lynne R., Goodman, Marc T., Thompson, Pamela J., Shvetsov, Yurii B., Runnebaum, Ingo B., Dürst, Matthias, Hillemanns, Peter, Dörk, Thilo, Antonenkova, Natalia, Bogdanova, Natalia, Leminen, Arto, Pelttari, Liisa M., Butzow, Ralf, Modugno, Francesmary, Kelley, Joseph L., Edwards, Robert P., Ness, Roberta B., du Bois, Andreas, Heitz, Florian, Schwaab, Ira, Harter, Philipp, Matsuo, Keitaro, Hosono, Satoyo, Orsulic, Sandra, Jensen, Allan, Kjaer, Susanne Kruger, Hogdall, Estrid, Hasmad, Hanis Nazihah, Noor Azmi, Mat Adenan, Teo, Soo-Hwang, Woo, Yin-Ling, Fridley, Brooke L., Goode, Ellen L., Cunningham, Julie M., Vierkant, Robert A., Bruinsma, Fiona, Giles, Graham G., Liang, Dong, Hildebrandt, Michelle A.T., Wu, Xifeng, Levine, Douglas A., Bisogna, Maria, Berchuck, Andrew, Iversen, Edwin S., Schildkraut, Joellen M., Concannon, Patrick, Weber, Rachel Palmieri, Cramer, Daniel W., Terry, Kathryn L., Poole, Elizabeth M., Tworoger, Shelley S., Bandera, Elisa V., Orlow, Irene, Olson, Sara H., Krakstad, Camilla, Salvesen, Helga B., Tangen, Ingvild L., Bjorge, Line, van Altena, Anne M., Aben, Katja K.H., Kiemeney, Lambertus A., Massuger, Leon F.A.G., Kellar, Melissa, Brooks-Wilson, Angela, Kelemen, Linda E., Cook, Linda S., Le, Nhu D., Cybulski, Cezary, Yang, Hannah, Lissowska, Jolanta, Brinton, Louise A., Wentzensen, Nicolas, Hogdall, Claus, Lundvall, Lene, Nedergaard, Lotte, Baker, Helen, Song, Honglin, Eccles, Diana, McNeish, Ian, Paul, James, Carty, Karen, Siddiqui, Nadeem, Glasspool, Rosalind, Whittemore, Alice S., Rothstein, Joseph H., McGuire, Valerie, Sieh, Weiva, Ji, Bu-Tian, Zheng, Wei, Shu, Xiao-Ou, Gao, Yu-Tang, Rosen, Barry, Risch, Harvey A., McLaughlin, John R., Narod, Steven A., Monteiro, Alvaro N., Chen, Ann, Lin, Hui-Yi, Permuth-Wey, Jenny, Sellers, Thomas A., Tsai, Ya-Yu, Chen, Zhihua, Ziogas, Argyrios, Anton-Culver, Hoda, Gentry-Maharaj, Aleksandra, Menon, Usha, Harrington, Patricia, Lee, Alice W., Wu, Anna H., Pearce, Celeste L., Coetzee, Gerhard A., Pike, Malcolm C., Dansonka-Mieszkowska, Agnieszka, Timorek, Agnieszka, Rzepecka, Iwona K., Kupryjanczyk, Jolanta, Freedman, Matt, Noushmehr, Houtan, Easton, Douglas F., Offit, Kenneth, Couch, Fergus J., Gayther, Simon, Pharoah, Paul P., Antoniou, Antonis C., and Chenevix-Trench, Georgia
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- 2014
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109. decapentaplegic and wingless are regulated by eyes absent and eyegone and interact to direct the pattern of retinal differentiation in the eye disc
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Hazelett, Dennis J., Bourouis, Marc, Walldorf, Uwe, and Treisman, Jessica E.
- Abstract
Signaling by the secreted hedgehog, decapentaplegic and wingless proteins organizes the pattern of photoreceptor differentiation within the Drosophila eye imaginal disc; hedgehog and decapentaplegic are required for differentiation to initiate at the posterior margin and progress across the disc, while wingless prevents it from initiating at the lateral margins. Our analysis of these interactions has shown that initiation requires both the presence of decapentaplegic and the absence of wingless, which inhibits photoreceptor differentiation downstream of the reception of the decapentaplegic signal. However, wingless is unable to inhibit differentiation driven by activation of the epidermal growth factor receptor pathway. The effect of wingless is subject to regional variations in control, as the anterior margin of the disc is insensitive to wingless inhibition. The eyes absent and eyegone genes encode members of a group of nuclear proteins required to specify the fate of the eye imaginal disc. We show that both eyes absent and eyegone are required for normal activation of decapentaplegic expression at the posterior and lateral margins of the disc, and repression of wingless expression in presumptive retinal tissue. The requirement for eyegone can be alleviated by inhibition of the wingless signaling pathway, suggesting that eyegone promotes eye development primarily by repressing wingless. These results provide a link between the early specification and later differentiation of the eye disc.
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- 1998
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110. Additional file 9: of CRISPR-mediated deletion of prostate cancer risk-associated CTCF loop anchors identifies repressive chromatin loops
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Guo, Yu, Perez, Andrew, Hazelett, Dennis, Coetzee, Gerhard, Suhn Rhie, and Farnham, Peggy
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3. Good health - Abstract
Cell culture protocols. (PDF 388 kb)
111. Comprehensive functional annotation of 77 prostate cancer risk loci
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Hazelett, Dennis J, Rhie, Suhn Kyong, Gaddis, Malaina, Yan, Chunli, Lakeland, Daniel L, Coetzee, Simon G, Ellipse/GAME-ON Consortium, Practical Consortium, Henderson, Brian E, Noushmehr, Houtan, Cozen, Wendy, Kote-Jarai, Zsofia, Eeles, Rosalind A, Easton, Douglas F, Haiman, Christopher A, Lu, Wange, Farnham, Peggy J, and Coetzee, Gerhard A
- Subjects
Male ,Prostatic Neoplasms ,Molecular Sequence Annotation ,Response Elements ,Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide ,Chromatin ,Linkage Disequilibrium ,3. Good health ,Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic ,Enhancer Elements, Genetic ,Risk Factors ,Humans ,Genetic Predisposition to Disease ,Alleles ,Genome-Wide Association Study ,Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis ,Transcription Factors - Abstract
Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have revolutionized the field of cancer genetics, but the causal links between increased genetic risk and onset/progression of disease processes remain to be identified. Here we report the first step in such an endeavor for prostate cancer. We provide a comprehensive annotation of the 77 known risk loci, based upon highly correlated variants in biologically relevant chromatin annotations--we identified 727 such potentially functional SNPs. We also provide a detailed account of possible protein disruption, microRNA target sequence disruption and regulatory response element disruption of all correlated SNPs at r(2) ≥ 0.88%. 88% of the 727 SNPs fall within putative enhancers, and many alter critical residues in the response elements of transcription factors known to be involved in prostate biology. We define as risk enhancers those regions with enhancer chromatin biofeatures in prostate-derived cell lines with prostate-cancer correlated SNPs. To aid the identification of these enhancers, we performed genomewide ChIP-seq for H3K27-acetylation, a mark of actively engaged enhancers, as well as the transcription factor TCF7L2. We analyzed in depth three variants in risk enhancers, two of which show significantly altered androgen sensitivity in LNCaP cells. This includes rs4907792, that is in linkage disequilibrium (r(2) = 0.91) with an eQTL for NUDT11 (on the X chromosome) in prostate tissue, and rs10486567, the index SNP in intron 3 of the JAZF1 gene on chromosome 7. Rs4907792 is within a critical residue of a strong consensus androgen response element that is interrupted in the protective allele, resulting in a 56% decrease in its androgen sensitivity, whereas rs10486567 affects both NKX3-1 and FOXA-AR motifs where the risk allele results in a 39% increase in basal activity and a 28% fold-increase in androgen stimulated enhancer activity. Identification of such enhancer variants and their potential target genes represents a preliminary step in connecting risk to disease process.
112. Two Novel Susceptibility Loci for Prostate Cancer in Men of African Ancestry
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Sheng, Xin, Rybicki, Benjamin A., Stanford, Janet L., Isaacs, William B., Berndt, Sonja I., John, Esther M., Kittles, Rick A., Bensen, Jeannette T., Cook, Michael B., Hazelett, Dennis J., Ingles, Sue A., Nemesure, Barbara, Wang, Kan, Conti, David V., Xu, Jianfeng, Zheng, Wei, Stevens, Victoria L., Haiman, Christopher A., Sanderson, Maureen, Park, Jong Y., and Strom, Sara S.
- Subjects
3. Good health - Abstract
Prostate cancer incidence is 1.6-fold higher in African Americans than in other populations. The risk factors that drive this disparity are unknown and potentially consist of social, environmental, and genetic influences. To investigate the genetic basis of prostate cancer in men of African ancestry, we performed a genome-wide association meta-analysis using two-sided statistical tests in 10 202 case subjects and 10 810 control subjects. We identified novel signals on chromosomes 13q34 and 22q12, with the risk-associated alleles found only in men of African ancestry (13q34: rs75823044, risk allele frequency = 2.2%, odds ratio [OR] = 1.55, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.37 to 1.76, P = 6.10 × 10−12; 22q12.1: rs78554043, risk allele frequency = 1.5%, OR = 1.62, 95% CI = 1.39 to 1.89, P = 7.50 × 10−10). At 13q34, the signal is located 5’ of the gene IRS2 and 3’ of a long noncoding RNA, while at 22q12 the candidate functional allele is a missense variant in the CHEK2 gene. These findings provide further support for the role of ancestry-specific germline variation in contributing to population differences in prostate cancer risk.
113. Multiple novel prostate cancer susceptibility signals identified by fine-mapping of known risk loci among Europeans
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Amin Al Olama, Ali, Dadaev, Tokhir, Hazelett, Dennis J., Li, Qiuyan, Leongamornlert, Daniel, Saunders, Edward J., Stephens, Sarah, Cieza-Borrella, Clara, Whitmore, Ian, Benlloch Garcia, Sara, Giles, Graham G., Southey, Melissa C., Fitzgerald, Liesel, Gronberg, Henrik, Wiklund, Fredrik, Aly, Markus, Henderson, Brian E., Schumacher, Fredrick, Haiman, Christopher A., Schleutker, Johanna, Wahlfors, Tiina, Tammela, Teuvo L., Nordestgaard, Børge G., Key, Tim J., Travis, Ruth C., Neal, David E., Donovan, Jenny L., Hamdy, Freddie C., Pharoah, Paul, Pashayan, Nora, Khaw, Kay-Tee, Stanford, Janet L., Thibodeau, Stephen N., Mcdonnell, Shannon K., Schaid, Daniel J., Maier, Christiane, Vogel, Walther, Luedeke, Manuel, Herkommer, Kathleen, Kibel, Adam S., Cybulski, Cezary, Wokołorczyk, Dominika, Kluzniak, Wojciech, Cannon-Albright, Lisa, Brenner, Hermann, Butterbach, Katja, Arndt, Volker, Park, Jong Y., Sellers, Thomas, Lin, Hui-Yi, Slavov, Chavdar, Kaneva, Radka, Mitev, Vanio, Batra, Jyotsna, Clements, Judith A., Spurdle, Amanda, Teixeira, Manuel R., Paulo, Paula, Maia, Sofia, Pandha, Hardev, Michael, Agnieszka, Kierzek, Andrzej, Govindasami, Koveela, Guy, Michelle, Lophatonanon, Artitaya, Muir, Kenneth, Viñuela, Ana, Brown, Andrew A., Freedman, Mathew, Conti, David V., Easton, Douglas, Coetzee, Gerhard A., Eeles, Rosalind A., Kote-Jarai, Zsofia, Easton, Douglas F., Michailidou, Kyriaki, Bolla, Manjeet K., Wang, Qin, Berchuck, Andrew, Al Olama, Ali Amin, Benlloch, Sara, Chenevix-Trench, Georgia, Antoniou, Antonis, McGuffog, Lesley, Couch, Fergus, Offit, Ken, Dennis, Joe, Dunning, Alison M., Lee, Andrew, Dicks, Ed, Luccarini, Craig, Benitez, Javier, Gonzalez-Neira, Anna, Simard, Jacques, Tessier, Daniel C., Bacot, Francois, Vincent, Daniel, LaBoissière, Sylvie, Robidoux, Frederic, Bojesen, Stig E., Nielsen, Sune F., Nordestgaard, Borge G., Cunningham, Julie M., Windebank, Sharon A., Hilker, Christopher A., Meyer, Jeffrey, Amin Al Olama, Ali, Dadaev, Tokhir, Hazelett, Dennis J., Li, Qiuyan, Leongamornlert, Daniel, Saunders, Edward J., Stephens, Sarah, Cieza-Borrella, Clara, Whitmore, Ian, Benlloch Garcia, Sara, Giles, Graham G., Southey, Melissa C., Fitzgerald, Liesel, Gronberg, Henrik, Wiklund, Fredrik, Aly, Markus, Henderson, Brian E., Schumacher, Fredrick, Haiman, Christopher A., Schleutker, Johanna, Wahlfors, Tiina, Tammela, Teuvo L., Nordestgaard, Børge G., Key, Tim J., Travis, Ruth C., Neal, David E., Donovan, Jenny L., Hamdy, Freddie C., Pharoah, Paul, Pashayan, Nora, Khaw, Kay-Tee, Stanford, Janet L., Thibodeau, Stephen N., Mcdonnell, Shannon K., Schaid, Daniel J., Maier, Christiane, Vogel, Walther, Luedeke, Manuel, Herkommer, Kathleen, Kibel, Adam S., Cybulski, Cezary, Wokołorczyk, Dominika, Kluzniak, Wojciech, Cannon-Albright, Lisa, Brenner, Hermann, Butterbach, Katja, Arndt, Volker, Park, Jong Y., Sellers, Thomas, Lin, Hui-Yi, Slavov, Chavdar, Kaneva, Radka, Mitev, Vanio, Batra, Jyotsna, Clements, Judith A., Spurdle, Amanda, Teixeira, Manuel R., Paulo, Paula, Maia, Sofia, Pandha, Hardev, Michael, Agnieszka, Kierzek, Andrzej, Govindasami, Koveela, Guy, Michelle, Lophatonanon, Artitaya, Muir, Kenneth, Viñuela, Ana, Brown, Andrew A., Freedman, Mathew, Conti, David V., Easton, Douglas, Coetzee, Gerhard A., Eeles, Rosalind A., Kote-Jarai, Zsofia, Easton, Douglas F., Michailidou, Kyriaki, Bolla, Manjeet K., Wang, Qin, Berchuck, Andrew, Al Olama, Ali Amin, Benlloch, Sara, Chenevix-Trench, Georgia, Antoniou, Antonis, McGuffog, Lesley, Couch, Fergus, Offit, Ken, Dennis, Joe, Dunning, Alison M., Lee, Andrew, Dicks, Ed, Luccarini, Craig, Benitez, Javier, Gonzalez-Neira, Anna, Simard, Jacques, Tessier, Daniel C., Bacot, Francois, Vincent, Daniel, LaBoissière, Sylvie, Robidoux, Frederic, Bojesen, Stig E., Nielsen, Sune F., Nordestgaard, Borge G., Cunningham, Julie M., Windebank, Sharon A., Hilker, Christopher A., and Meyer, Jeffrey
- Abstract
Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have identified numerous common prostate cancer (PrCa) susceptibility loci. We have fine-mapped 64 GWAS regions known at the conclusion of the iCOGS study using large-scale genotyping and imputation in 25 723 PrCa cases and 26 274 controls of European ancestry. We detected evidence for multiple independent signals at 16 regions, 12 of which contained additional newly identified significant associations. A single signal comprising a spectrum of correlated variation was observed at 39 regions; 35 of which are now described by a novel more significantly associated lead SNP, while the originally reported variant remained as the lead SNP only in 4 regions. We also confirmed two association signals in Europeans that had been previously reported only in East-Asian GWAS. Based on statistical evidence and linkage disequilibrium (LD) structure, we have curated and narrowed down the list of the most likely candidate causal variants for each region. Functional annotation using data from ENCODE filtered for PrCa cell lines and eQTL analysis demonstrated significant enrichment for overlap with bio-features within this set. By incorporating the novel risk variants identified here alongside the refined data for existing association signals, we estimate that these loci now explain ∼38.9% of the familial relative risk of PrCa, an 8.9% improvement over the previously reported GWAS tag SNPs. This suggests that a significant fraction of the heritability of PrCa may have been hidden during the discovery phase of GWAS, in particular due to the presence of multiple independent signals within the same region
114. Circulating tumor DNA dynamics and response to immunotherapy in colorectal cancer.
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Gong, Jun, Aguirre, Francesca, Hazelett, Dennis, Alvarez, Rocio, Zhou, Lisa, Hendifar, Andrew, Osipov, Arsen, Zaghiyan, Karen, Cho, May, Gangi, Alexandra, and Hitchins, Megan
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- *
CIRCULATING tumor DNA , *COLORECTAL cancer , *IMMUNOTHERAPY , *CARCINOEMBRYONIC antigen , *COLON tumors , *HEREDITARY nonpolyposis colorectal cancer - Abstract
Circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) is increasingly being investigated as a tool to detect minimal residual disease in resected, stage I-III colorectal cancer. Recent ctDNA studies have indicated that detection of ctDNA following surgery for resectable colorectal cancer confers a significantly higher risk of recurrence than those with negative ctDNA postoperatively. In those with postoperative ctDNA positivity, clearance of minimal residual disease with adjuvant chemotherapy is a positive prognostic indicator. Lastly, ctDNA has demonstrated superior sensitivity to the conventional blood tumor marker carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) and can offer median lead times of up to 11 months for radiographic detection of recurrence during the surveillance of resected, stage I-III colorectal cancer. In metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC), there is growing evidence to suggest that plasma ctDNA can be used to monitor tumor response to conventional chemotherapy as well. The present case series demonstrated that plasma ctDNA is a predictor of tumor response to immunotherapy in patients with mCRC that are microsatellite stable or microsatellite instability high. Plasma ctDNA could serve as a dynamic marker of immunotherapy response even in colorectal tumors that were CEA non-producers. Overall, these findings add to ongoing efforts to establish the role of plasma ctDNA in monitoring response to immunotherapy in CRC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
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115. Rare germline genetic variation in PAX8 transcription factor binding sites and susceptibility to epithelial ovarian cancer.
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Ezquina SAM, Jones M, Dicks E, de Vries A, Peng PC, Lawrenson K, Corona RI, Tyrer J, Hazelett D, Brenton J, Antoniou A, Gayther SA, and Pharoah PDP
- Abstract
Common genetic variation throughout the genome together with rare coding variants identified to date explain about a half of the inherited genetic component of epithelial ovarian cancer risk. It is likely that rare variation in the non-coding genome will explain some of the unexplained heritability, but identifying such variants is challenging. The primary problem is lack of statistical power to identifying individual risk variants by association as power is a function of sample size, effect size and allele frequency. Power can be increased by using burden tests which test for association of carriers of any variant in a specified genomic region. This has the effect of increasing the putative effect allele frequency. PAX8 is a transcription factor that plays a critical role in tumour progression, migration and invasion. Furthermore, regulatory elements proximal to target genes of PAX8 are enriched for common ovarian cancer risk variants. We hypothesised that rare variation in PAX8 binding sites are also associated with ovarian cancer risk, but unlikely to be associated with risk of breast, colorectal or endometrial cancer. We have used publicly available, whole-genome sequencing data from the UK 100,000 Genomes Project to evaluate the burden of rare variation in PAX8 binding sites across the genome. Data were available for 522 ovarian cancers, 2,984 breast cancers, 2,696 colorectal cancers, 836 endometrial cancers and 2253 non-cancer controls. Active binding sites were defined using data from multiple PAX8 and H3K27 ChIPseq experiments. We found no association between the burden of rare variation in PAX8 binding sites (defined in several ways) and risk of ovarian, breast or endometrial cancer. An apparent association with colorectal cancer was likely to be a technical artefact as a similar association was also detected for rare variation in random regions of the genome. Despite the null result this study provides a proof-of -principle for using burden testing to identify rare, non-coding germline genetic variation associated with disease. Larger sample sizes available from large-scale sequencing projects together with improved understanding of the function of the non-coding genome will increase the potential of similar studies in the future., (© The Author(s) 2024. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health.)
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- 2024
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116. MotifbreakR v2 : extended capability and database integration.
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Coetzee SG and Hazelett DJ
- Abstract
MotifbreakR is a software tool that scans genetic variants against position weight matrices of transcription factors (TF) to determine the potential for the disruption of TF binding at the site of the variant. It leverages the Bioconductor suite of software packages and annotations to operate across a diverse array of genomes and motif databases. Initially developed to interrogate the effect of single nucleotide variants (common and rare SNVs) on potential TF binding sites, in motifbreakR v2, we have updated the functionality. New features include the ability to query other types of more complex genetic variants, such as short insertions and deletions (indels). This function allows modeling a more extensive array of variants that may have more significant effects on TF binding. Additionally, while TF binding is based partly on sequence preference, predictions of TF binding based on sequence preference alone can indicate many more potential binding events than observed. Adding information from DNA-binding sequencing datasets lends confidence to motif disruption prediction by demonstrating TF binding in cell lines and tissue types. Therefore, motifbreakR implements querying the ReMap2022 database for evidence that a TF matching the disrupted motif binds over the disrupting variant. Finally, in motifbreakR , in addition to the existing interface, we have implemented an R/Shiny graphical user interface to simplify and enhance access to researchers with different skill sets., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interests None to Declare.
- Published
- 2024
117. Integrative multi-omics analyses to identify the genetic and functional mechanisms underlying ovarian cancer risk regions.
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Dareng EO, Coetzee SG, Tyrer JP, Peng PC, Rosenow W, Chen S, Davis BD, Dezem FS, Seo JH, Nameki R, Reyes AL, Aben KKH, Anton-Culver H, Antonenkova NN, Aravantinos G, Bandera EV, Beane Freeman LE, Beckmann MW, Beeghly-Fadiel A, Benitez J, Bernardini MQ, Bjorge L, Black A, Bogdanova NV, Bolton KL, Brenton JD, Budzilowska A, Butzow R, Cai H, Campbell I, Cannioto R, Chang-Claude J, Chanock SJ, Chen K, Chenevix-Trench G, Chiew YE, Cook LS, DeFazio A, Dennis J, Doherty JA, Dörk T, du Bois A, Dürst M, Eccles DM, Ene G, Fasching PA, Flanagan JM, Fortner RT, Fostira F, Gentry-Maharaj A, Giles GG, Goodman MT, Gronwald J, Haiman CA, Håkansson N, Heitz F, Hildebrandt MAT, Høgdall E, Høgdall CK, Huang RY, Jensen A, Jones ME, Kang D, Karlan BY, Karnezis AN, Kelemen LE, Kennedy CJ, Khusnutdinova EK, Kiemeney LA, Kjaer SK, Kupryjanczyk J, Labrie M, Lambrechts D, Larson MC, Le ND, Lester J, Li L, Lubiński J, Lush M, Marks JR, Matsuo K, May T, McLaughlin JR, McNeish IA, Menon U, Missmer S, Modugno F, Moffitt M, Monteiro AN, Moysich KB, Narod SA, Nguyen-Dumont T, Odunsi K, Olsson H, Onland-Moret NC, Park SK, Pejovic T, Permuth JB, Piskorz A, Prokofyeva D, Riggan MJ, Risch HA, Rodríguez-Antona C, Rossing MA, Sandler DP, Setiawan VW, Shan K, Song H, Southey MC, Steed H, Sutphen R, Swerdlow AJ, Teo SH, Terry KL, Thompson PJ, Vestrheim Thomsen LC, Titus L, Trabert B, Travis R, Tworoger SS, Valen E, Van Nieuwenhuysen E, Edwards DV, Vierkant RA, Webb PM, Weinberg CR, Weise RM, Wentzensen N, White E, Winham SJ, Wolk A, Woo YL, Wu AH, Yan L, Yannoukakos D, Zeinomar N, Zheng W, Ziogas A, Berchuck A, Goode EL, Huntsman DG, Pearce CL, Ramus SJ, Sellers TA, Freedman ML, Lawrenson K, Schildkraut JM, Hazelett D, Plummer JT, Kar S, Jones MR, Pharoah PDP, and Gayther SA
- Subjects
- Humans, Female, Carcinoma, Ovarian Epithelial genetics, Transcriptome, Risk Factors, Genomics methods, Case-Control Studies, Multiomics, Genome-Wide Association Study, Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide, Ovarian Neoplasms genetics, Ovarian Neoplasms pathology, Genetic Predisposition to Disease
- Abstract
To identify credible causal risk variants (CCVs) associated with different histotypes of epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC), we performed genome-wide association analysis for 470,825 genotyped and 10,163,797 imputed SNPs in 25,981 EOC cases and 105,724 controls of European origin. We identified five histotype-specific EOC risk regions (p value <5 × 10
-8 ) and confirmed previously reported associations for 27 risk regions. Conditional analyses identified an additional 11 signals independent of the primary signal at six risk regions (p value <10-5 ). Fine mapping identified 4,008 CCVs in these regions, of which 1,452 CCVs were located in ovarian cancer-related chromatin marks with significant enrichment in active enhancers, active promoters, and active regions for CCVs from each EOC histotype. Transcriptome-wide association and colocalization analyses across histotypes using tissue-specific and cross-tissue datasets identified 86 candidate susceptibility genes in known EOC risk regions and 32 genes in 23 additional genomic regions that may represent novel EOC risk loci (false discovery rate <0.05). Finally, by integrating genome-wide HiChIP interactome analysis with transcriptome-wide association study (TWAS), variant effect predictor, transcription factor ChIP-seq, and motifbreakR data, we identified candidate gene-CCV interactions at each locus. This included risk loci where TWAS identified one or more candidate susceptibility genes (e.g., HOXD-AS2, HOXD8, and HOXD3 at 2q31) and other loci where no candidate gene was identified (e.g., MYC and PVT1 at 8q24) by TWAS. In summary, this study describes a functional framework and provides a greater understanding of the biological significance of risk alleles and candidate gene targets at EOC susceptibility loci identified by a genome-wide association study., Competing Interests: Declaration of interests The authors declare no competing interests., (Copyright © 2024 American Society of Human Genetics. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)- Published
- 2024
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118. POLE-Mutant Colon Cancer Treated with PD-1 Blockade Showing Clearance of Circulating Tumor DNA and Prolonged Disease-Free Interval.
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Bikhchandani M, Amersi F, Hendifar A, Gangi A, Osipov A, Zaghiyan K, Atkins K, Cho M, Aguirre F, Hazelett D, Alvarez R, Zhou L, Hitchins M, and Gong J
- Subjects
- Humans, Programmed Cell Death 1 Receptor genetics, Neoplasm Recurrence, Local, Mutation, Circulating Tumor DNA genetics, Colonic Neoplasms drug therapy, Colonic Neoplasms genetics
- Abstract
Colon cancer with high microsatellite instability is characterized by a high tumor mutational burden and responds well to immunotherapy. Mutations in polymerase ɛ, a DNA polymerase involved in DNA replication and repair, are also associated with an ultra-mutated phenotype. We describe a case where a patient with POLE-mutated and hypermutated recurrent colon cancer was treated with pembrolizumab. Treatment with immunotherapy in this patient also led to the clearance of circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA). ctDNA is beginning to emerge as a marker for minimal residual disease in many solid malignancies, including colon cancer. Its clearance with treatment suggests that the selection of pembrolizumab on the basis of identifying a POLE mutation on next-generation sequencing may increase disease-free survival in this patient.
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- 2023
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119. Large Cancer Pedigree Involving Multiple Cancer Genes including Likely Digenic MSH2 and MSH6 Lynch Syndrome (LS) and an Instance of Recombinational Rescue from LS.
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Vogelaar IP, Greer S, Wang F, Shin G, Lau B, Hu Y, Haraldsdottir S, Alvarez R, Hazelett D, Nguyen P, Aguirre FP, Guindi M, Hendifar A, Balcom J, Leininger A, Fairbank B, Ji H, and Hitchins MP
- Abstract
Lynch syndrome (LS), caused by heterozygous pathogenic variants affecting one of the mismatch repair (MMR) genes (MSH2, MLH1, MSH6, PMS2), confers moderate to high risks for colorectal, endometrial, and other cancers. We describe a four-generation, 13-branched pedigree in which multiple LS branches carry the MSH2 pathogenic variant c.2006G>T (p.Gly669Val), one branch has this and an additional novel MSH6 variant c.3936_4001+8dup (intronic), and other non-LS branches carry variants within other cancer-relevant genes (NBN, MC1R, PTPRJ). Both MSH2 c.2006G>T and MSH6 c.3936_4001+8dup caused aberrant RNA splicing in carriers, including out-of-frame exon-skipping, providing functional evidence of their pathogenicity. MSH2 and MSH6 are co-located on Chr2p21, but the two variants segregated independently (mapped in trans) within the digenic branch, with carriers of either or both variants. Thus, MSH2 c.2006G>T and MSH6 c.3936_4001+8dup independently confer LS with differing cancer risks among family members in the same branch. Carriers of both variants have near 100% risk of transmitting either one to offspring. Nevertheless, a female carrier of both variants did not transmit either to one son, due to a germline recombination within the intervening region. Genetic diagnosis, risk stratification, and counseling for cancer and inheritance were highly individualized in this family. The finding of multiple cancer-associated variants in this pedigree illustrates a need to consider offering multicancer gene panel testing, as opposed to targeted cascade testing, as additional cancer variants may be uncovered in relatives.
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- 2022
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120. A molecular taxonomy of tumors independent of tissue-of-origin.
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Nguyen PT, Coetzee SG, Lakeland DL, and Hazelett DJ
- Abstract
Cancer is an organism-level disease, impacting processes from cellular metabolism and the microenvironment to systemic immune response. Nevertheless, efforts to distinguish overarching mutational processes from interactions with the cell of origin for a tumor have seen limited success, presenting a barrier to individualized medicine. Here we present a pathway-centric approach, extracting somatic mutational profiles within and between tissues, largely orthogonal to cell of origin, mutational burden, or stage. Known predisposition variants are equally distributed among clusters, and largely independent of molecular subtype. Prognosis and risk of death vary jointly by cancer type and cluster. Analysis of metastatic tumors reveals that differences are largely cluster-specific and complementary, implicating convergent mechanisms that combine familiar driver genes with diverse low-frequency lesions in tumor-promoting pathways, ultimately producing distinct molecular phenotypes. The results shed new light on the interplay between organism-level dysfunction and tissue-specific lesions., Competing Interests: The authors declare no competing interests., (© 2021 The Authors.)
- Published
- 2021
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121. Non-coding somatic mutations converge on the PAX8 pathway in ovarian cancer.
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Corona RI, Seo JH, Lin X, Hazelett DJ, Reddy J, Fonseca MAS, Abassi F, Lin YG, Mhawech-Fauceglia PY, Shah SP, Huntsman DG, Gusev A, Karlan BY, Berman BP, Freedman ML, Gayther SA, and Lawrenson K
- Subjects
- Adult, Aged, Binding Sites genetics, Carcinoma, Ovarian Epithelial pathology, Chromatin Immunoprecipitation Sequencing, DNA-Binding Proteins metabolism, Enhancer Elements, Genetic, Epigenesis, Genetic, Epigenomics, Female, Gene Knockout Techniques, Humans, Kruppel-Like Transcription Factors genetics, Middle Aged, Muscle Proteins metabolism, Mutation, Ovarian Neoplasms pathology, Ovary pathology, Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide, RNA-Seq, Repressor Proteins genetics, TEA Domain Transcription Factors, Transcription Factors metabolism, Whole Genome Sequencing, Carcinoma, Ovarian Epithelial genetics, Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic, Gene Regulatory Networks, Ovarian Neoplasms genetics, PAX8 Transcription Factor metabolism
- Abstract
The functional consequences of somatic non-coding mutations in ovarian cancer (OC) are unknown. To identify regulatory elements (RE) and genes perturbed by acquired non-coding variants, here we establish epigenomic and transcriptomic landscapes of primary OCs using H3K27ac ChIP-seq and RNA-seq, and then integrate these with whole genome sequencing data from 232 OCs. We identify 25 frequently mutated regulatory elements, including an enhancer at 6p22.1 which associates with differential expression of ZSCAN16 (P = 6.6 × 10-4) and ZSCAN12 (P = 0.02). CRISPR/Cas9 knockout of this enhancer induces downregulation of both genes. Globally, there is an enrichment of single nucleotide variants in active binding sites for TEAD4 (P = 6 × 10-11) and its binding partner PAX8 (P = 2×10-10), a known lineage-specific transcription factor in OC. In addition, the collection of cis REs associated with PAX8 comprise the most frequently mutated set of enhancers in OC (P = 0.003). These data indicate that non-coding somatic mutations disrupt the PAX8 transcriptional network during OC development.
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- 2020
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122. A Study of High-Grade Serous Ovarian Cancer Origins Implicates the SOX18 Transcription Factor in Tumor Development.
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Lawrenson K, Fonseca MAS, Liu AY, Segato Dezem F, Lee JM, Lin X, Corona RI, Abbasi F, Vavra KC, Dinh HQ, Gill NK, Seo JH, Coetzee S, Lin YG, Pejovic T, Mhawech-Fauceglia P, Rowat AC, Drapkin R, Karlan BY, Hazelett DJ, Freedman ML, Gayther SA, and Noushmehr H
- Subjects
- Adult, Aged, Cell Line, Cell Line, Tumor, Epithelial Cells metabolism, Epithelial Cells pathology, Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition, Fallopian Tubes metabolism, Fallopian Tubes pathology, Female, Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic, Humans, Machine Learning, Middle Aged, Ovarian Neoplasms metabolism, Ovarian Neoplasms pathology, Ovary metabolism, Ovary pathology, RNA-Seq, SOXF Transcription Factors metabolism, Single-Cell Analysis, Transcriptome, Ovarian Neoplasms genetics, SOXF Transcription Factors genetics
- Abstract
Fallopian tube secretory epithelial cells (FTSECs) are likely the main precursor cell type of high-grade serous ovarian cancers (HGSOCs), but these tumors may also arise from ovarian surface epithelial cells (OSECs). We profiled global landscapes of gene expression and active chromatin to characterize molecular similarities between OSECs (n = 114), FTSECs (n = 74), and HGSOCs (n = 394). A one-class machine learning algorithm predicts that most HGSOCs derive from FTSECs, with particularly high FTSEC scores in mesenchymal-type HGSOCs (p
adj < 8 × 10-4 ). However, a subset of HGSOCs likely derive from OSECs, particularly HGSOCs of the proliferative type (padj < 2 × 10-4 ), suggesting a dualistic model for HGSOC origins. Super-enhancer (SE) landscapes were also more similar between FTSECs and HGSOCs than between OSECs and HGSOCs (p < 2.2 × 10-16 ). The SOX18 transcription factor (TF) coincided with a HGSOC-specific SE, and ectopic overexpression of SOX18 in FTSECs caused epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition, indicating that SOX18 plays a role in establishing the mesenchymal signature of fallopian-derived HGSOCs., (Copyright © 2019 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)- Published
- 2019
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123. Genome-wide association studies identify susceptibility loci for epithelial ovarian cancer in east Asian women.
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Lawrenson K, Song F, Hazelett DJ, Kar SP, Tyrer J, Phelan CM, Corona RI, Rodríguez-Malavé NI, Seo JH, Adler E, Coetzee SG, Segato F, Fonseca MAS, Amos CI, Carney ME, Chenevix-Trench G, Choi J, Doherty JA, Jia W, Jin GJ, Kim BG, Le ND, Lee J, Li L, Lim BK, Adenan NA, Mizuno M, Park B, Pearce CL, Shan K, Shi Y, Shu XO, Sieh W, Thompson PJ, Wilkens LR, Wei Q, Woo YL, Yan L, Karlan BY, Freedman ML, Noushmehr H, Goode EL, Berchuck A, Sellers TA, Teo SH, Zheng W, Matsuo K, Park S, Chen K, Pharoah PDP, Gayther SA, and Goodman MT
- Subjects
- Asian People genetics, Base Sequence, Case-Control Studies, Female, Genetic Predisposition to Disease, Genome-Wide Association Study, Humans, Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide, Quantitative Trait Loci, Carcinoma, Ovarian Epithelial genetics
- Abstract
Objective: Genome-wide association studies (GWASs) for epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) have focused largely on populations of European ancestry. We aimed to identify common germline variants associated with EOC risk in Asian women., Methods: Genotyping was performed as part of the OncoArray project. Samples with >60% Asian ancestry were included in the analysis. Genotyping was performed on 533,631 SNPs in 3238 Asian subjects diagnosed with invasive or borderline EOC and 4083 unaffected controls. After imputation, genotypes were available for 11,595,112 SNPs to identify associations., Results: At chromosome 6p25.2, SNP rs7748275 was associated with risk of serous EOC (odds ratio [OR] = 1.34, P = 8.7 × 10
-9 ) and high-grade serous EOC (HGSOC) (OR = 1.34, P = 4.3 × 10-9 ). SNP rs6902488 at 6p25.2 (r2 = 0.97 with rs7748275) lies in an active enhancer and is predicted to impact binding of STAT3, P300 and ELF1. We identified additional risk loci with low Bayesian false discovery probability (BFDP) scores, indicating they are likely to be true risk associations (BFDP <10%). At chromosome 20q11.22, rs74272064 was associated with HGSOC risk (OR = 1.27, P = 9.0 × 10-8 ). Overall EOC risk was associated with rs10260419 at chromosome 7p21.3 (OR = 1.33, P = 1.2 × 10-7 ) and rs74917072 at chromosome 2q37.3 (OR = 1.25, P = 4.7 × 10-7 ). At 2q37.3, expression quantitative trait locus analysis in 404 HGSOC tissues identified ESPNL as a putative candidate susceptibility gene (P = 1.2 × 10-7 )., Conclusion: While some risk loci were shared between East Asian and European populations, others were population-specific, indicating that the landscape of EOC risk in Asian women has both shared and unique features compared to women of European ancestry., (Copyright © 2019. Published by Elsevier Inc.)- Published
- 2019
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124. Functional Analysis and Fine Mapping of the 9p22.2 Ovarian Cancer Susceptibility Locus.
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Buckley MA, Woods NT, Tyrer JP, Mendoza-Fandiño G, Lawrenson K, Hazelett DJ, Najafabadi HS, Gjyshi A, Carvalho RS, Lyra PC Jr, Coetzee SG, Shen HC, Yang AW, Earp MA, Yoder SJ, Risch H, Chenevix-Trench G, Ramus SJ, Phelan CM, Coetzee GA, Noushmehr H, Hughes TR, Sellers TA, Goode EL, Pharoah PD, Gayther SA, and Monteiro ANA
- Subjects
- Base Sequence, Cell Cycle Proteins genetics, Cell Line, Tumor, Chromosome Mapping, Cystadenocarcinoma, Serous genetics, DNA, Neoplasm genetics, DNA-Binding Proteins genetics, Female, Genetic Predisposition to Disease, Genome-Wide Association Study, HEK293 Cells, Humans, Linkage Disequilibrium, Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide, Carcinoma, Ovarian Epithelial genetics, Chromosomes, Human, Pair 9, Ovarian Neoplasms genetics
- Abstract
Genome-wide association studies have identified 40 ovarian cancer risk loci. However, the mechanisms underlying these associations remain elusive. In this study, we conducted a two-pronged approach to identify candidate causal SNPs and assess underlying biological mechanisms at chromosome 9p22.2, the first and most statistically significant associated locus for ovarian cancer susceptibility. Three transcriptional regulatory elements with allele-specific effects and a scaffold/matrix attachment region were characterized and, through physical DNA interactions, BNC2 was established as the most likely target gene. We determined the consensus binding sequence for BNC2 in vitro , verified its enrichment in BNC2 ChIP-seq regions, and validated a set of its downstream target genes. Fine-mapping by dense regional genotyping in over 15,000 ovarian cancer cases and 30,000 controls identified SNPs in the scaffold/matrix attachment region as among the most likely causal variants. This study reveals a comprehensive regulatory landscape at 9p22.2 and proposes a likely mechanism of susceptibility to ovarian cancer. SIGNIFICANCE: Mapping the 9p22.2 ovarian cancer risk locus identifies BNC2 as an ovarian cancer risk gene. See related commentary by Choi and Brown, p. 439 ., (©2018 American Association for Cancer Research.)
- Published
- 2019
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125. ONECUT2 is a targetable master regulator of lethal prostate cancer that suppresses the androgen axis.
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Rotinen M, You S, Yang J, Coetzee SG, Reis-Sobreiro M, Huang WC, Huang F, Pan X, Yáñez A, Hazelett DJ, Chu CY, Steadman K, Morrissey CM, Nelson PS, Corey E, Chung LWK, Freedland SJ, Di Vizio D, Garraway IP, Murali R, Knudsen BS, and Freeman MR
- Subjects
- Adenocarcinoma genetics, Adenocarcinoma pathology, Androgens genetics, Androgens metabolism, Animals, Cell Line, Tumor, Disease Progression, Drug Resistance, Neoplasm genetics, Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic drug effects, Homeodomain Proteins antagonists & inhibitors, Humans, Male, Mice, Neuroendocrine Tumors genetics, Neuroendocrine Tumors pathology, Prostatic Neoplasms, Castration-Resistant genetics, Prostatic Neoplasms, Castration-Resistant pathology, Signal Transduction, Transcription Factors antagonists & inhibitors, Xenograft Model Antitumor Assays, Adenocarcinoma drug therapy, Hepatocyte Nuclear Factor 3-alpha genetics, Homeodomain Proteins genetics, Prostatic Neoplasms, Castration-Resistant drug therapy, Receptors, Androgen genetics, Transcription Factors genetics
- Abstract
Treatment of prostate cancer (PC) by androgen suppression promotes the emergence of aggressive variants that are androgen receptor (AR) independent. Here we identify the transcription factor ONECUT2 (OC2) as a master regulator of AR networks in metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC). OC2 acts as a survival factor in mCRPC models, suppresses the AR transcriptional program by direct regulation of AR target genes and the AR licensing factor FOXA1, and activates genes associated with neural differentiation and progression to lethal disease. OC2 appears active in a substantial subset of human prostate adenocarcinoma and neuroendocrine tumors. Inhibition of OC2 by a newly identified small molecule suppresses metastasis in mice. These findings suggest that OC2 displaces AR-dependent growth and survival mechanisms in many cases where AR remains expressed, but where its activity is bypassed. OC2 is also a potential drug target in the metastatic phase of aggressive PC.
- Published
- 2018
- Full Text
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126. A Meta-analysis of Multiple Myeloma Risk Regions in African and European Ancestry Populations Identifies Putatively Functional Loci.
- Author
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Rand KA, Song C, Dean E, Serie DJ, Curtin K, Sheng X, Hu D, Huff CA, Bernal-Mizrachi L, Tomasson MH, Ailawadhi S, Singhal S, Pawlish K, Peters ES, Bock CH, Stram A, Van Den Berg DJ, Edlund CK, Conti DV, Zimmerman T, Hwang AE, Huntsman S, Graff J, Nooka A, Kong Y, Pregja SL, Berndt SI, Blot WJ, Carpten J, Casey G, Chu L, Diver WR, Stevens VL, Lieber MR, Goodman PJ, Hennis AJ, Hsing AW, Mehta J, Kittles RA, Kolb S, Klein EA, Leske C, Murphy AB, Nemesure B, Neslund-Dudas C, Strom SS, Vij R, Rybicki BA, Stanford JL, Signorello LB, Witte JS, Ambrosone CB, Bhatti P, John EM, Bernstein L, Zheng W, Olshan AF, Hu JJ, Ziegler RG, Nyante SJ, Bandera EV, Birmann BM, Ingles SA, Press MF, Atanackovic D, Glenn MJ, Cannon-Albright LA, Jones B, Tricot G, Martin TG, Kumar SK, Wolf JL, Deming Halverson SL, Rothman N, Brooks-Wilson AR, Rajkumar SV, Kolonel LN, Chanock SJ, Slager SL, Severson RK, Janakiraman N, Terebelo HR, Brown EE, De Roos AJ, Mohrbacher AF, Colditz GA, Giles GG, Spinelli JJ, Chiu BC, Munshi NC, Anderson KC, Levy J, Zonder JA, Orlowski RZ, Lonial S, Camp NJ, Vachon CM, Ziv E, Stram DO, Hazelett DJ, Haiman CA, and Cozen W
- Subjects
- Adult, Aged, Female, Genetic Loci, Genome-Wide Association Study, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Multiple Myeloma metabolism, Polycomb Repressive Complex 1 genetics, Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases genetics, Repressor Proteins genetics, Transmembrane Activator and CAML Interactor Protein genetics, Black People genetics, Genetic Predisposition to Disease, Multiple Myeloma genetics, Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide, White People genetics
- Abstract
Background: Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) in European populations have identified genetic risk variants associated with multiple myeloma., Methods: We performed association testing of common variation in eight regions in 1,318 patients with multiple myeloma and 1,480 controls of European ancestry and 1,305 patients with multiple myeloma and 7,078 controls of African ancestry and conducted a meta-analysis to localize the signals, with epigenetic annotation used to predict functionality., Results: We found that variants in 7p15.3, 17p11.2, 22q13.1 were statistically significantly (P < 0.05) associated with multiple myeloma risk in persons of African ancestry and persons of European ancestry, and the variant in 3p22.1 was associated in European ancestry only. In a combined African ancestry-European ancestry meta-analysis, variation in five regions (2p23.3, 3p22.1, 7p15.3, 17p11.2, 22q13.1) was statistically significantly associated with multiple myeloma risk. In 3p22.1, the correlated variants clustered within the gene body of ULK4 Correlated variants in 7p15.3 clustered around an enhancer at the 3' end of the CDCA7L transcription termination site. A missense variant at 17p11.2 (rs34562254, Pro251Leu, OR, 1.32; P = 2.93 × 10
-7 ) in TNFRSF13B encodes a lymphocyte-specific protein in the TNF receptor family that interacts with the NF-κB pathway. SNPs correlated with the index signal in 22q13.1 cluster around the promoter and enhancer regions of CBX7 CONCLUSIONS: We found that reported multiple myeloma susceptibility regions contain risk variants important across populations, supporting the use of multiple racial/ethnic groups with different underlying genetic architecture to enhance the localization and identification of putatively functional alleles., Impact: A subset of reported risk loci for multiple myeloma has consistent effects across populations and is likely to be functional. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev; 25(12); 1609-18. ©2016 AACR., (©2016 American Association for Cancer Research.)- Published
- 2016
- Full Text
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127. Identification of a Novel Mucin Gene HCG22 Associated With Steroid-Induced Ocular Hypertension.
- Author
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Jeong S, Patel N, Edlund CK, Hartiala J, Hazelett DJ, Itakura T, Wu PC, Avery RL, Davis JL, Flynn HW, Lalwani G, Puliafito CA, Wafapoor H, Hijikata M, Keicho N, Gao X, Argüeso P, Allayee H, Coetzee GA, Pletcher MT, Conti DV, Schwartz SG, Eaton AM, and Fini ME
- Subjects
- Adult, Female, Follow-Up Studies, Genome-Wide Association Study, Genotype, Glucocorticoids adverse effects, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Mucins biosynthesis, Ocular Hypertension chemically induced, Ocular Hypertension metabolism, Trabecular Meshwork metabolism, Gene Expression Regulation, Intraocular Pressure drug effects, Mucins genetics, Ocular Hypertension genetics, RNA, Messenger genetics, Triamcinolone adverse effects
- Abstract
Purpose: The pathophysiology of ocular hypertension (OH) leading to primary open-angle glaucoma shares many features with a secondary form of OH caused by treatment with glucocorticoids, but also exhibits distinct differences. In this study, a pharmacogenomics approach was taken to discover candidate genes for this disorder., Methods: A genome-wide association study was performed, followed by an independent candidate gene study, using a cohort enrolled from patients treated with off-label intravitreal triamcinolone, and handling change in IOP as a quantitative trait., Results: An intergenic quantitative trait locus (QTL) was identified at chromosome 6p21.33 near the 5' end of HCG22 that attained the accepted statistical threshold for genome-level significance. The HCG22 transcript, encoding a novel mucin protein, was expressed in trabecular meshwork cells, and expression was stimulated by IL-1, and inhibited by triamcinolone acetate and TGF-β. Bioinformatic analysis defined the QTL as an approximately 4 kilobase (kb) linkage disequilibrium block containing 10 common single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). Four of these SNPs were identified in the National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) GTEx eQTL browser as modifiers of HCG22 expression. Most are predicted to disrupt or improve motifs for transcription factor binding, the most relevant being disruption of the glucocorticoid receptor binding motif. A second QTL was identified within the predicted signal peptide of the HCG22 encoded protein that could affect its secretion. Translation, O-glycosylation, and secretion of the predicted HCG22 protein was verified in cultured trabecular meshwork cells., Conclusions: Identification of two independent QTLs that could affect expression of the HCG22 mucin gene product via two different mechanisms (transcription or secretion) is highly suggestive of a role in steroid-induced OH.
- Published
- 2015
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
128. A meta-analysis of 87,040 individuals identifies 23 new susceptibility loci for prostate cancer.
- Author
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Al Olama AA, Kote-Jarai Z, Berndt SI, Conti DV, Schumacher F, Han Y, Benlloch S, Hazelett DJ, Wang Z, Saunders E, Leongamornlert D, Lindstrom S, Jugurnauth-Little S, Dadaev T, Tymrakiewicz M, Stram DO, Rand K, Wan P, Stram A, Sheng X, Pooler LC, Park K, Xia L, Tyrer J, Kolonel LN, Le Marchand L, Hoover RN, Machiela MJ, Yeager M, Burdette L, Chung CC, Hutchinson A, Yu K, Goh C, Ahmed M, Govindasami K, Guy M, Tammela TL, Auvinen A, Wahlfors T, Schleutker J, Visakorpi T, Leinonen KA, Xu J, Aly M, Donovan J, Travis RC, Key TJ, Siddiq A, Canzian F, Khaw KT, Takahashi A, Kubo M, Pharoah P, Pashayan N, Weischer M, Nordestgaard BG, Nielsen SF, Klarskov P, Røder MA, Iversen P, Thibodeau SN, McDonnell SK, Schaid DJ, Stanford JL, Kolb S, Holt S, Knudsen B, Coll AH, Gapstur SM, Diver WR, Stevens VL, Maier C, Luedeke M, Herkommer K, Rinckleb AE, Strom SS, Pettaway C, Yeboah ED, Tettey Y, Biritwum RB, Adjei AA, Tay E, Truelove A, Niwa S, Chokkalingam AP, Cannon-Albright L, Cybulski C, Wokołorczyk D, Kluźniak W, Park J, Sellers T, Lin HY, Isaacs WB, Partin AW, Brenner H, Dieffenbach AK, Stegmaier C, Chen C, Giovannucci EL, Ma J, Stampfer M, Penney KL, Mucci L, John EM, Ingles SA, Kittles RA, Murphy AB, Pandha H, Michael A, Kierzek AM, Blot W, Signorello LB, Zheng W, Albanes D, Virtamo J, Weinstein S, Nemesure B, Carpten J, Leske C, Wu SY, Hennis A, Kibel AS, Rybicki BA, Neslund-Dudas C, Hsing AW, Chu L, Goodman PJ, Klein EA, Zheng SL, Batra J, Clements J, Spurdle A, Teixeira MR, Paulo P, Maia S, Slavov C, Kaneva R, Mitev V, Witte JS, Casey G, Gillanders EM, Seminara D, Riboli E, Hamdy FC, Coetzee GA, Li Q, Freedman ML, Hunter DJ, Muir K, Gronberg H, Neal DE, Southey M, Giles GG, Severi G, Cook MB, Nakagawa H, Wiklund F, Kraft P, Chanock SJ, Henderson BE, Easton DF, Eeles RA, and Haiman CA
- Subjects
- Genome-Wide Association Study, Genotype, Humans, Male, Risk Assessment, Risk Factors, Genetic Loci genetics, Genetic Predisposition to Disease genetics, Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide, Prostatic Neoplasms genetics
- Abstract
Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have identified 76 variants associated with prostate cancer risk predominantly in populations of European ancestry. To identify additional susceptibility loci for this common cancer, we conducted a meta-analysis of > 10 million SNPs in 43,303 prostate cancer cases and 43,737 controls from studies in populations of European, African, Japanese and Latino ancestry. Twenty-three new susceptibility loci were identified at association P < 5 × 10(-8); 15 variants were identified among men of European ancestry, 7 were identified in multi-ancestry analyses and 1 was associated with early-onset prostate cancer. These 23 variants, in combination with known prostate cancer risk variants, explain 33% of the familial risk for this disease in European-ancestry populations. These findings provide new regions for investigation into the pathogenesis of prostate cancer and demonstrate the usefulness of combining ancestrally diverse populations to discover risk loci for disease.
- Published
- 2014
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
129. Comparison of parallel high-throughput RNA sequencing between knockout of TDP-43 and its overexpression reveals primarily nonreciprocal and nonoverlapping gene expression changes in the central nervous system of Drosophila.
- Author
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Hazelett DJ, Chang JC, Lakeland DL, and Morton DB
- Subjects
- Animals, Binding Sites, Central Nervous System metabolism, Cluster Analysis, DNA-Binding Proteins deficiency, DNA-Binding Proteins metabolism, Drosophila Proteins deficiency, Drosophila Proteins metabolism, Genotype, High-Throughput Nucleotide Sequencing, RNA Splicing, DNA-Binding Proteins genetics, Drosophila Proteins genetics, Drosophila melanogaster genetics, Gene Expression Regulation
- Abstract
The human Tar-DNA binding protein, TDP-43, is associated with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and other neurodegenerative disorders. TDP-43 contains two conserved RNA-binding motifs and has documented roles in RNA metabolism, including pre-mRNA splicing and repression of transcription. Here, using Drosophila melanogaster as a model, we generated loss-of-function and overexpression genotypes of Tar-DNA binding protein homolog (TBPH) to study their effect on the transcriptome of the central nervous system (CNS). By using massively parallel sequencing methods (RNA-seq) to profile the CNS, we find that loss of TBPH results in widespread gene activation and altered splicing, much of which are reversed by rescue of TBPH expression. Conversely, TBPH overexpression results in decreased gene expression. Although previous studies implicated both absence and mis-expression of TDP-43 in ALS, our data exhibit little overlap in the gene expression between them, suggesting that the bulk of genes affected by TBPH loss-of-function and overexpression are different. In combination with computational approaches to identify likely TBPH targets and orthologs of previously identified vertebrate TDP-43 targets, we provide a comprehensive analysis of enriched gene ontologies. Our data suggest that TDP-43 plays a role in synaptic transmission, synaptic release, and endocytosis. We also uncovered a potential novel regulation of the Wnt and BMP pathways, many of whose targets appear to be conserved.
- Published
- 2012
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
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