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929 results on '"Hawkes, R"'

117. Golgi cell dendrites are restricted by Purkinje cell stripe boundaries in the adult mouse cerebellar cortex

Author

Sillitoe, R V, Chung, S H, Fritschy, J M, Hoy, M, Hawkes, R, Sillitoe, R V, Chung, S H, Fritschy, J M, Hoy, M, and Hawkes, R

Abstract

Despite the general uniformity in cellular composition of the adult cerebellar cortex, there is a complex underlying pattern of parasagittal stripes of Purkinje cells with characteristic molecular phenotypes and patterns of connectivity. It is not known whether interneuron processes are restricted at stripe boundaries. To begin to address the issue, three strategies were used to explore how cerebellar Golgi cell dendrites are organized with respect to parasagittal stripes: first, double immunofluorescence staining combining anti-neurogranin to identify Golgi cell dendrites with the Purkinje cell compartmentation antigens zebrin II/aldolase C, HNK-1, and phospholipase Cbeta4; second, zebrin II immunohistochemistry combined with a rapid Golgi-Cox impregnation procedure to reveal Golgi cell dendritic arbors; third, stripe antigen expression was used on sections of a GlyT2-EGFP transgenic mouse in which reporter expression is prominent in Golgi cell dendrites. In each case, the dendritic projections of Golgi cells were studied in the vicinity of Purkinje cell stripe boundaries. The data presented here show that the dendrites of a cerebellar interneuron, the Golgi cell, respect the fundamental cerebellar stripe cytoarchitecture.

Published
2008

121. Compartmentation of the granular layer of the cerebellum

Author

Ozol, K.O. and Hawkes, R.

Subjects
Zebrin, Granule cell, 6 - Ciencias aplicadas::61 - Medicina::616 - Patología. Medicina clínica. Oncología::616.8 - Neurología. Neuropatología. Sistema nervioso [CDU]
Abstract

Numerous studies have demonstrated that the cerebellum is highly compartmentalized. In most cases, compartmentation involves the Purkinje cells and the molecular layer, but there is also substantial evidence that the granular layer is subdivided into a large number of highly reproducible modules. We first review the evidence for a modular granular layer. Compartmentation of the granular layer has been revealed both functionally and structurally. First, tactile receptive field mapping has revealed numerous discrete functional modules within the granular layer. The molecular correlates of the receptive fields may be the compartments revealed by histological staining of the cerebellum for several enzymes and antigens. The structural substrate of the receptive fields is the mossy fiber afferent projection map, and anterograde tracing of various mossy fiber projections shows afferent terminals in parasagittal bands within the granular layer that are topographically aligned with the Purkinje cell compartments. Based on this evidence we argue that the cerebellum consists of many hundreds of reproducible structural/functiona1 modules, and that a modular organization is a prerequisite for the efficient parallel processing of information during motor control. The complex organization of the adult granular layer implies elaborate developmental mechanisms. In the second part of the review we consider five developmental models to generate the modular organization of the adult granular layer: 1) the external granular layer is heterogeneous, and its topography translates directly into a modular granular layer; 2) granular layer modules are clones, derived from single external granular layer precursors; 3) modules in the granular layers are a secondary epigenetic response to the compartmentation of the Purkinje cells; 4) modules are secondary to the compartmentation of the afferent terminal fields; 5) modules are sculpted by activitydependent processes.

Published
1997

123. Ferroplasma cupricumulans sp. nov., a novel moderately thermophilic, acidophilic archaeon isolated from an industrial-scale chalcocite bioleach heap

Author

Hawkes, R., Franzmann, P.D., O’Hara, G.W., Plumb, J.J., Hawkes, R., Franzmann, P.D., O’Hara, G.W., and Plumb, J.J.

Abstract

A new species of Archaea was isolated from an industrial mineral sulphide bioleach heap. Strain BH2, a non-motile pleomorphic coccus, was capable of chemomixotrophic growth on ferrous sulphate and yeast extract. Growth was not supported in the absence of yeast extract. Phylogenetic analysis based on the 16S rRNA gene showed that strain BH2 was most closely related to the species Ferroplasma acidiphilum; however, it showed only 95% sequence similarity with this species. Strain BH2 had a temperature optimum of 53.6°C and a temperature range for growth between 22 and 63°C. Thus, it is the first moderately thermophilic member of the genus Ferroplasma. The optimum pH for the growth of the strain occurred between pH 1.0 and 1.2 and the lowest pH at which growth was observed was 0.4. Based on 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis and other physiological characteristics, strain BH2 constitutes a new species within the genus Ferroplasma. The name Ferroplasma cupricumulans is proposed for the new species and strain BH2 (DSM 16651) is proposed as the type strain.

Published
2006

146. 76: Reduced intenity allogeneic stem cell transplantion followed by targeted consolidation immunotherapy with gemtuzumab ozogamicin in children and adolescents with CD33+ acute myeloid leukemia

Author

Roman, E., primary, Cooney, E., additional, Militano, O., additional, Wolownik, K., additional, Hawkes, R., additional, Foley, S., additional, Satwani, P., additional, Guerra, J., additional, Bhatia, M., additional, Bradley, B., additional, George, D., additional, Garvin, J., additional, Baxter-Lowe, L.A., additional, Schwartz, J., additional, Cheung, Y.-K., additional, van de Ven, C., additional, and Cairo, M.S., additional

Published
2007
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147. 212: Adenovirus (ADV) infections following allogeneic stem cell transplant (alloSCT) in children and adolescent recepients

Author

Oesterheld, J., primary, George, D., additional, Bradley, B., additional, Del Toro, G., additional, Garvin, J., additional, Bhatia, M., additional, Satwani, P., additional, Roman, E., additional, Cooney, E., additional, Militano, O., additional, Hawkes, R., additional, Wowolnik, K., additional, Foley, S., additional, Schwartz, J., additional, and Cairo, M.S., additional

Published
2007
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148. 315: Pharmacokinetics (PK) of mycophenolate mofetil (MMF) in pediatric allogeneic stem cell transplant (AlloSCT) recipients

Author

Militano, O., primary, Hedgpeth, D., additional, Shaw, L.M., additional, Figurski, M., additional, Satwani, P., additional, Ayello, J., additional, Roman, E., additional, Bradley, B., additional, George, D., additional, Garvn, J., additional, Bhatia, M., additional, Wolownick, K., additional, Foley, S., additional, Hawkes, R., additional, and Cairo, M.S., additional

Published
2007
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149. 164: Risk adapted allogeneic stem cell transplantation (AlloSCT) for acquired severe aplastic anemia (SAA) in pediatric recipients

Author

Guerra, J., primary, Garvin, J., additional, Baldinger, L., additional, van de Ven, C., additional, Roman, E., additional, Bhatia, M., additional, Satwani, P., additional, Bradley, M.B., additional, George, D., additional, Schwartz, J., additional, Morris, E., additional, Hawkes, R., additional, Wolownik, K., additional, Foley, S., additional, Militano, O., additional, and Cairo, M.S., additional

Published
2007
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150. 163: Systemic viral and fungal infections are not significantly decreased following reduced intensity allogeneic stem cell transplantation (RIAlloSCT) in children and adolescent recipients with malignant and nonmalignant diseases

Author

Guerra, J., primary, Satwani, P., additional, Baldinger, L., additional, van de Van, C., additional, Roman, E., additional, Garvin, J., additional, Bradley, M.B., additional, Bhatia, M., additional, George, D., additional, Schwartz, J., additional, Hawkes, R., additional, Wolownik, K., additional, Foley, S., additional, Morris, E., additional, Militano, O., additional, and Cairo, M.S., additional

Published
2007
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