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The article discusses the dualistic model of passion and team cohesion literature. It outlines the two types of passion including the harmonious, and obsessive passions. It examines the mediating role of team cohesion between passion and relationship satisfaction and interpersonal conflict with teammates among ski mountaineers. It notes the relation of harmonious and obsessive passions to team cohesion.

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This study aimed to identify the links between the use of prohibited performance-enhancing substances and the changing characteristics of athletes' activity within the framework of situated action and dynamical investigations. The changes in diverse components of activity (e.g. performance, forms of training, modes of involvement) of 10 elite track and field athletes (5 with 2-year suspensions) were compared. Data were collected by enquiries and structured and self-confrontation interviews. Results showed that during the use of prohibited substances, doping athletes appeared (1) to be closed to all external environmental offers except training and performance, (2) to experience changes in their sporting results and (3) to be experiencing disturbances in their lives. Doping appeared after (4) a specific number of years of sporting activity (i.e. 17 years), (5) a specific path had been followed (i.e. a shorter time spent in 'open focus' during the development of activity), (6) 2 years of regular legal substance use, (7) a change in training and (8) a period of personal distress. A signature of doping activity was identified in relation to suffering athletes. Several initial conditions that lead to prohibited substance use were extracted and are utilized for educational programmes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Substance Use & Misuse is the property of Taylor & Francis Ltd and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This study sought to validate the psychometric properties of a French-language version of the Psychological Characteristics of Developing Excellence Questionnaire (PCDEQ). Data were gathered from 305 athletes in French-speaking Switzerland (mean age: 16.6 yr, SD : 2.9). Translation of the PCDEQ followed established guidelines and included a standardized back-translation process. The psychometric properties were examined by descriptive statistics, Cronbach's alphas for internal reliability, confirmatory factor analysis, intraclass correlations and a paired t-test for test-retest reliability. The results provided evidence of validity of the French version of the PCDEQ. Two items were excluded for low factor loading, and the re-specified model was improved and confirmed the six-dimensional structure with acceptable fit using most criteria (χ 2 /df), RMSEA, SRMR, TFI, CFI). Cronbach's alpha also indicated that internal reliability was adequate for validation. Given the adequate psychometric properties, the French-version PCDEQ can be used with confidence for monitoring and designing interventions to enable aspiring athletes or artists to develop the psychological skills and characteristics that can act as important catalysts for their development.

The aim of this study was to determine how risks associated with skydiving can be managed within acceptable limits. Using "Course-of-Action" theory described by Theureau, four experienced skydivers viewed recordings of their jumps, from preparation to landing, to elicit their perceptions of these experiences. The sequences dealing with safety concerns were then extracted. Data analysis revealed seven typical sequences of activity to manage safety, labeled "To check the material during preparation," "To feel prepared and safe for the jump as the plane gains altitude," "To use the time of freefall," "To deploy the parachute," "To fly safely," "To ensure a safe landing" and "To organize the structured packing of the parachute." These results showed how the skydivers mitigated safety risks through a heightened awareness of critical elements in the unfolding jump activity and sequences of distributed and timed concerns and actions. The implications for accident analysis, prevention and education for training in risky sports activity are provided. Key pointsThe skydivers' activity could be broken down into seven safety sequences.Each safety sequence was defined by specific involvements and directions at the very moment of the situation.Skydivers' safety concerns are embedded in the succession of two types of temporal horizon organization: immediate and short-term.

The present study examined how "meaningful time "is constructed and used during acrobatic performance. To do so, six elite athletes (2 tumblers, 2 trampolinists, 2 acrobatic skiers) performed the same acrobatic move within the context of their respective sports. Their activity was described step-by-step using the data obtained from self- confrontation interviews linked to behaviour analysis based on video recordings. The descriptions, which identified the actions, feelings and thoughts of the athletes in relation to the unfolding time of their performance, were then compared. The results demonstrated that acrobatic performance can be divided into different periods that delineate meaningful time. Differences were observed in how the athletes organized activity (e.g. cognitive, physical) according to the specific sport. The results were interpreted as specific ways to use flight time. Key pointsElite acrobatic athletes' activities organize the unfolding of the performance by progressively informing the performers about the state of the evolving situation.The complexity of the activity involved for such acrobatic performances is reduced by a process of timed and situated organization.Athletes' activity consisted to display different jigs corresponding to a meaningful delineate specious present for efficient performance.