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How predictable are life trajectories? We investigated this question with a scientific mass collaboration using the common task method; 160 teams built predictive models for six life outcomes using data from the Fragile Families and Child Wellbeing Study, a high-quality birth cohort study. Despite using a rich dataset and applying machine-learning methods optimized for prediction, the best predictions were not very accurate and were only slightly better than those from a simple benchmark model. Within each outcome, prediction error was strongly associated with the family being predicted and weakly associated with the technique used to generate the prediction. Overall, these results suggest practical limits to the predictability of life outcomes in some settings and illustrate the value of mass collaborations in the social sciences.

A light-sheet microscopy prototype, the cleared-tissue dual view Selective Plane Illumination Microscope (ct-dSPIM), is presented and shown to enable quantitative assessment of large-scale human tissue samples in 3D with clinical potential.

Die Anforderungen an gutes und nachhaltiges Forschungsdatenmanagement steigen stetig, die Angebote, nicht zuletzt durch den Aufbau der NFDI, werden zahlreicher und auch die Forschungsförderer verlangen in der Antragsphase immer detailliertere Angaben. Um die Beratung der Forschenden bei der Antragstellung zu verbessern, haben sich die Mitglieder der Unterarbeitsgruppe „Datenmanagementpläne“ in der DINI/nestor AG Forschungsdaten mit Vertreter:innen der Forschungsförderer zu Hintergrundgesprächen getroffen. Die Ergebnisse der ersten Austauschrunden mit der Deutschen Forschungsgemeinschaft, dem Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung zusammen mit dem Projektträger Deutsches Luft- und Raumfahrtzentrum, Vertreter:innen der Generaldirektion der Europäischen Kommission, Research and Innovation zusammen mit der Kooperationsstelle EU der Wissenschaftsorganisationen sowie den Förderreferent:innen der VolkswagenStiftung werden im Artikel dargestellt und anschließend diskutiert.

Abstract Introduction Differentiation of histologically similar structures in the liver, including anatomical structures, benign bile duct lesions, or common types of liver metastases, can be challenging with conventional histological tissue sections alone. Accurate histopathological classification is paramount for the diagnosis and adequate treatment of the disease. Deep learning algorithms have been proposed for objective and consistent assessment of digital histopathological images. Materials and methods In the present study, we trained and evaluated deep learning algorithms based on the EfficientNetV2 and ResNetRS architectures to discriminate between different histopathological classes. For the required dataset, specialized surgical pathologists annotated seven different histological classes, including different non‐neoplastic anatomical structures, benign bile duct lesions, and liver metastases from colorectal and pancreatic adenocarcinoma in a large patient cohort. Annotation resulted in a total of 204.159 image patches, followed by discrimination analysis using our deep learning models. Model performance was evaluated on validation and test data using confusion matrices. Results Evaluation of the test set based on tiles and cases revealed overall highly satisfactory prediction capability of our algorithm for the different histological classes, resulting in a tile accuracy of 89% (38 413/43 059) and case accuracy of 94% (198/211). Importantly, the separation of metastasis versus benign lesions was certainly confident on case level, confirming the classification model performed with high diagnostic accuracy. Moreover, the whole curated raw data set is made publically available. Conclusions Deep learning is a promising approach in surgical liver pathology supporting decision making in personalized medicine.

We describe new ultradeep James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) NIRSpec PRISM and grating spectra for the galaxies JADES-GS-z11-0 ( ${z}_{\mathrm{spec}}={11.122}_{-0.003}^{+0.005}$ ) and JADES-GS-z13-0 ( ${z}_{\mathrm{spec}}={13.20}_{-0.04}^{+0.03}$ ), the most distant spectroscopically confirmed galaxy discovered in the first year of JWST observations. The extraordinary depth of these observations (75 hr and 56 hr, respectively) provides a unique opportunity to explore the redshifts, stellar properties, UV magnitudes, and slopes for these two sources. For JADES-GS-z11-0, we find evidence for multiple emission lines, including [O ii ] λ λ 3726, 3729 and [Ne iii ] λ 3869, resulting in a spectroscopic redshift we determine with 94% confidence. We present stringent upper limits on the emission-line fluxes and line equivalent widths for JADES-GS-z13-0. At this spectroscopic redshift, the Ly α break in JADES-GS-z11-0 can be fit with a damped Ly α absorber with $\mathrm{log}({N}_{\mathrm{HI}}/{\mathrm{cm}}^{-2})={22.42}_{-0.120}^{+0.093}$ . These results demonstrate how neutral hydrogen fraction and Lyman-damping wings may impact the recovery of spectroscopic redshifts for sources like these, providing insight into the overprediction of the photometric redshifts seen for distant galaxies observed with JWST. In addition, we analyze updated NIRCam photometry to calculate the morphological properties of these resolved sources, and find a secondary source 0.″3 south of JADES-GS-z11-0 at a similar photometric redshift, hinting at how galaxies grow through interactions in the early Universe.

We present the robust selection of high-redshift quiescent galaxies (QG) and poststarburst (PSB) galaxies using ultra-deep NIRCam and MIRI imaging from the JWST Advanced Deep Extragalactic Survey (JADES). At 3 < z < 6, MIRI 7.7 μ m imaging provides rest-frame J band, which is commonly used to break the degeneracy between old stellar populations and dust attenuation at lower redshifts. We identify 23 passively evolving galaxies in UVJ color space in a mass-limited (log M _⋆ / M _⊙ ≥ 8.5) sample over 8.8 arcmin ^2 . An evaluation of the contribution of the 7.7 μ m shows that JADES-like NIRCam coverage (9+ photometric bands) can compensate for lacking the J band at these redshifts; however, more limited three-band selections perform better with MIRI. Our sample is characterized by rapid quenching timescales (∼100–600 Myr) with formation redshifts z _f ≲ 9 and includes a potential record-holding massive QG at ${z}_{\mathrm{phot}}={5.33}_{-0.17}^{+0.16}$ and two QGs with evidence for significant residual dust content ( A _V ∼ 1–2). In addition, we present a large sample of 12 log M _⋆ / M _⊙ = 8.5–9.5 PSBs, demonstrating that UVJ selection can be extended to low mass. An analysis of the environment of our sample reveals that the group known as the Cosmic Rose contains a massive QG and a dust-obscured star-forming galaxy (a so-called Jekyll and Hyde pair) plus three additional QGs within ∼20 kpc. Moreover, the Cosmic Rose is part of a larger overdensity at z ∼ 3.7, which contains 7/12 of our low-mass PSBs. Another four low-mass PSBs are members of an overdensity at z ∼ 3.4; this result strongly indicates low-mass PSBs are preferentially associated with overdense environments at z > 3.

We present a spatially resolved study of stellar populations in six galaxies with stellar masses M _* ∼ 10 ^10 M _☉ at z ∼ 3.7 using 14-filter James Webb Space Telescope (JWST)/NIRCam imaging from the JADES and JEMS surveys. The six galaxies are visually selected to have clumpy substructures with distinct colors over rest frame 3600−4100 Å, including a red, dominant stellar core that is close to their stellar-light centroids. With 23-filter photometry from the Hubble Space Telescope to JWST, we measure the stellar-population properties of individual structural components via spectral energy distribution fitting using Prospector . We find that the central stellar cores are ≳2 times more massive than the Toomre mass, indicating they may not form via single in situ fragmentation. The stellar cores have stellar ages of 0.4−0.7 Gyr that are similar to the timescale of clump inward migration due to dynamical friction, suggesting that they likely instead formed through the coalescence of giant stellar clumps. While they have not yet quenched, the six galaxies are below the star-forming main sequence by 0.2−0.7 dex. Within each galaxy, we find that the specific star formation rate is lower in the central stellar core, and the stellar-mass surface density of the core is already similar to quenched galaxies of the same masses and redshifts. Meanwhile, the stellar ages of the cores are either comparable to or younger than the extended, smooth parts of the galaxies. Our findings are consistent with model predictions of the gas-rich compaction scenario for the buildup of galaxies’ central regions at high redshifts. We are likely witnessing the coeval formation of dense central cores, along with the onset of galaxy-wide quenching at z > 3.

One of the more surprising findings after the first year of JWST observations is the large number of spatially extended galaxies (ultrared flattened objects, or UFOs) among the optically faint galaxy (OFG) population otherwise thought to be compact. Leveraging the depth and survey area of the JWST Advanced Deep Extragalactic Survey, we extend observations of the OFG population to an additional 112 objects, 56 of which are well-resolved in F444W with effective sizes, R _e > 0.″25, more than tripling previous UFO counts. These galaxies have redshifts around 2 < z < 4, high stellar masses ( $\mathrm{log}({M}_{* }/{M}_{\odot })\sim 10\mbox{--}11$ ), and star formation rates around ∼100–1000 M _⊙ yr ^−1 . Surprisingly, UFOs are red across their entire extents, which spatially resolved analysis of their stellar populations shows is due to large values of dust attenuation (typically A _V > 2 mag even at large radii). Morphologically, the majority of our UFO sample tends to have low Sérsic indices ( n ∼ 1) suggesting that these large, massive, OFGs have little contribution from a bulge in F444W. Further, a majority have axis ratios between 0.2 < q < 0.4, which Bayesian modeling suggests that their intrinsic shapes are consistent with being a mixture of inclined disks and prolate objects with little to no contribution from spheroids. While kinematic constraints will be needed to determine the true intrinsic shapes of UFOs, it is clear that an unexpected population of large, disky or prolate objects contributes significantly to the population of OFGs.

We characterize the earliest galaxy population in the JADES Origins Field, the deepest imaging field observed with JWST. We make use of ancillary Hubble Space Telescope optical images (five filters spanning 0.4–0.9 μ m) and novel JWST images with 14 filters spanning 0.8−5 μ m, including seven medium-band filters, and reaching total exposure times of up to 46 hr per filter. We combine all our data at >2.3 μ m to construct an ultradeep image, reaching as deep as ≈31.4 AB mag in the stack and 30.3–31.0 AB mag (5 σ , r = 0.″1 circular aperture) in individual filters. We measure photometric redshifts and use robust selection criteria to identify a sample of eight galaxy candidates at redshifts z = 11.5−15. These objects show compact half-light radii of R _1/2 ∼ 50−200 pc, stellar masses of M _⋆ ∼ 10 ^7 −10 ^8 M _☉ , and star formation rates ∼ 0.1−1 M _☉ yr ^−1 . Our search finds no candidates at 15 < z < 20, placing upper limits at these redshifts. We develop a forward-modeling approach to infer the properties of the evolving luminosity function without binning in redshift or luminosity that marginalizes over the photometric redshift uncertainty of our candidate galaxies and incorporates the impact of nondetections. We find a z = 12 luminosity function in good agreement with prior results, and that the luminosity function normalization and UV luminosity density decline by a factor of ∼2.5 from z = 12 to z = 14. We discuss the possible implications of our results in the context of theoretical models for evolution of the dark matter halo mass function.

Using deep JWST imaging from JADES, JEMS, and SMILES, we characterize optically faint and extremely red galaxies at z > 3 that were previously missing from galaxy census estimates. The data indicate the existence of abundant, dusty, and poststarburst-like galaxies down to 10 ^8 M _⊙ , below the sensitivity limit of Spitzer and the Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array (ALMA). Modeling the NIRCam and Hubble Space Telescope (HST) photometry of these red sources can result in extremely high values for both stellar mass and star formation rate (SFR); however, including seven MIRI filters out to 21 μ m results in decreased masses (median 0.6 dex for ${{\rm{log}}}_{10}({M}^{\ast }/{M}_{\odot })$ > 10) and SFRs (median 10× for SFR > 100 M _⊙ yr ^−1 ). At z > 6, our sample includes a high fraction of “little red dots” (LRDs; NIRCam-selected dust-reddened active galactic nucleus (AGN) candidates). We significantly measure older stellar populations in the LRDs out to rest-frame 3 μ m (the stellar bump) and rule out a dominant contribution from hot dust emission, a signature of AGN contamination to stellar population measurements. This allows us to measure their contribution to the cosmic census at z > 3, below the typical detection limits of ALMA ( L _IR < 10 ^12 L _⊙ ). We find that these sources, which are overwhelmingly missed by HST and ALMA, could effectively double the obscured fraction of the star formation rate density at 4 < z < 6 compared to some estimates, showing that prior to JWST, the obscured contribution from fainter sources could be underestimated. Finally, we identify five sources with evidence for Balmer breaks and high stellar masses at 5.5 < z < 7.7. While spectroscopy is required to determine their nature, we discuss possible measurement systematics to explore with future data.

We use SEDz* —a code designed to chart the star formation histories (SFHs) of 6 < z < 12 galaxies—to analyze the spectral energy distributions (SEDs) of 894 galaxies with deep JWST/NIRCam imaging by JADES in the GOODS-S field. We show how SEDz* matches observed SEDs using stellar-population templates, graphing the contribution of each epoch by epoch to confirm the robustness of the technique. Very good SED fits for most SFHs demonstrate the compatibility of the templates with stars in the first galaxies—as expected, because their light is primarily from main-sequence A stars, free of post-main-sequence complexity, and insensitive to heavy-element compositions. We confirm earlier results from Dressler et al. (1) There are four types of SFHs: SFH1, burst; SFH2, stochastic; SFH3, “contiguous” (three epochs), and SFH4, “continuous” (four to six epochs). (2) Starbursts—both single and multiple—are predominant (∼70%) in this critical period of cosmic history, although longer SFHs (0.5–1.0 Gyr) contribute one-third of the accumulated stellar mass. These 894 SFHs contribute 10 ^11.14 , 10 ^11.09 , 10 ^11.00 , and 10 ^10.60 M _⊙ for SFH1–4, respectively, adding up to ∼4 × 10 ^11 M _⊙ by z = 6 for this field. We suggest that the absence of rising SFHs could be explained as an intense dust-enshrouded phase of star formation lasting tens of Myr that preceded each of the SFHs we measure. We find no strong dependencies of SFH type with the large-scale environment; however, the discovery of a compact group of 30 galaxies, 11 of which had first star formation at z = 11–12, suggests that long SFHs could dominate in rare, dense environments.

We present a catalog of 717 candidate galaxies at z > 8 selected from 125 square arcmin of NIRCam imaging as part of the JWST Advanced Deep Extragalactic Survey (JADES). We combine the full JADES imaging data set with data from the JWST Extragalactic Medium Survey and First Reionization Epoch Spectroscopic COmplete Survey (FRESCO) along with extremely deep existing observations from Hubble Space Telescope (HST)/Advanced Camera for Surveys (ACS) for a final filter set that includes 15 JWST/NIRCam filters and five HST/ACS filters. The high-redshift galaxy candidates were selected from their estimated photometric redshifts calculated using a template-fitting approach, followed by visual inspection from seven independent reviewers. We explore these candidates in detail, highlighting interesting resolved or extended sources, sources with very red long-wavelength slopes, and our highest-redshift candidates, which extend to z _phot ∼ 18. Over 93% of the sources are newly identified from our deep JADES imaging, including 31 new galaxy candidates at z _phot > 12. We also investigate potential contamination by stellar objects, and do not find strong evidence from spectral energy distribution fitting that these faint high-redshift galaxy candidates are low-mass stars. Using 42 sources in our sample with measured spectroscopic redshifts from NIRSpec and FRESCO, we find excellent agreement to our photometric redshift estimates, with no catastrophic outliers and an average difference of 〈Δ z = z _phot − z _spec 〉 = 0.26. These sources comprise one of the most robust samples for probing the early buildup of galaxies within the first few hundred million years of the Universe’s history.

By combining the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST)/NIRCam JADES and CEERS extragalactic data sets, we have uncovered a sample of 21 T and Y brown dwarf candidates at best-fit distances between 0.1 and 4.2 kpc. These sources were selected by targeting the blue 1–2.5 μ m colors and red 3–4.5 μ m colors that arise from molecular absorption in the atmospheres of T _eff < 1300 K brown dwarfs. We fit these sources using multiple models of substellar atmospheres and present the resulting fluxes, sizes, effective temperatures, and other derived properties for the sample. If confirmed, these fits place the majority of the sources in the Milky Way thick disk and halo. We observe proper motions for seven of the candidate brown dwarfs, with directions in agreement with the plane of our Galaxy, providing evidence that they are not extragalactic in nature. We demonstrate how the colors of these sources differ from selected high-redshift galaxies, and explore the selection of these sources in planned large-area JWST NIRCam surveys. Deep imaging with JWST/NIRCam presents an an excellent opportunity for finding and understanding these ultracool dwarfs at kiloparsec distances.

Basal cell nevus syndrome (BCNS) is an inherited disorder characterized mainly by the development of basal cell carcinomas (BCCs) at an early age. BCNS is caused by heterozygous small-nucleotide variants (SNVs) and copy-number variants (CNVs) in the Patched1 (PTCH1) gene. Genetic diagnosis may be complicated in mosaic BCNS patients, as accurate SNV and CNV analysis requires high-sensitivity methods due to possible low variant allele frequencies. We compared test outcomes for PTCH1 CNV detection using multiplex ligation-probe amplification (MLPA) and digital droplet PCR (ddPCR) with samples from a BCNS patient heterozygous for a PTCH1 CNV duplication and the patient’s father, suspected to have a mosaic form of BCNS. ddPCR detected a significantly increased PTCH1 copy-number ratio in the index patient’s blood, and the father’s blood and tissues, indicating that the father was postzygotic mosaic and the index patient inherited the CNV from him. MLPA only detected the PTCH1 duplication in the index patient’s blood and in hair and saliva from the mosaic father. Our data indicate that ddPCR more accurately detects CNVs, even in low-grade mosaic BCNS patients, which may be missed by MLPA. In general, quantitative ddPCR can be of added value in the genetic diagnosis of mosaic BCNS patients and in estimating the recurrence risk for offspring.

We report the discovery of an extreme galaxy overdensity at z = 5.4 in the GOODS-S field using James Webb Space Telescope (JWST)/NIRCam imaging from JADES and JEMS alongside JWST/NIRCam wide-field slitless spectroscopy from FRESCO. We identified potential members of the overdensity using Hubble Space Telescope+JWST photometry spanning λ = 0.4–5.0 μ m. These data provide accurate and well-constrained photometric redshifts down to m ≈ 29–30 mag. We subsequently confirmed N = 81 galaxies at 5.2 < z < 5.5 using JWST slitless spectroscopy over λ = 3.9–5.0 μ m through a targeted line search for H α around the best-fit photometric redshift. We verified that N = 42 of these galaxies reside in the field, while N = 39 galaxies reside in a density around ∼10 times that of a random volume. Stellar populations for these galaxies were inferred from the photometry and used to construct the star-forming main sequence, where protocluster members appeared more massive and exhibited earlier star formation (and thus older stellar populations) when compared to their field galaxy counterparts. We estimate the total halo mass of this large-scale structure to be $12.6\lesssim {\mathrm{log}}_{10}\left({M}_{\mathrm{halo}}/{M}_{\odot }\right)\lesssim 12.8$ using an empirical stellar mass to halo mass relation, which is likely an underestimate as a result of incompleteness. Our discovery demonstrates the power of JWST at constraining dark matter halo assembly and galaxy formation at very early cosmic times.

Introduction People in need of care or support are severely affected by the COVID-19 pandemic. We lack valid data of long-term assessments. We present a register study to detect the physical and psychosocial impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on people in need of care or support in Bavaria, Germany. To describe the persons’ life conditions comprehensively, we assess the perspectives and needs of the respective care teams too. Results will serve as evidence-based source to manage the pandemic and long-term prevention strategies.Methods and analysis The ‘Bavarian ambulatory COVID-19 Monitor’ is a multicentre registry including a purposive sample of up to 1000 patient–participants across three study sites in Bavaria. The study group consists of 600 people in need of care with a positive SARS-CoV-2 PCR test. Control group 1 comprises 200 people in need of care with a negative SARS-CoV-2 PCR test, while control group 2 comprises 200 people with a positive SARS-CoV-2 PCR test but are not in need of care. We assess the clinical course of infection, psychosocial aspects and care needs using validated measures. Follow-up is every 6 months for up to 3 years. Additionally, we assess up to 400 people linked to these patient–participants (caregivers, general practitioners (GPs)) for their health and needs. Main analyses are stratified by level of care I–V (I=minor/V=most severe impairment of independence), inpatient/outpatient care setting, sex and age. We use descriptive and inferential statistics to analyse cross-sectional data and changes over time. In qualitative interviews with 60 stakeholders (people in need of care, caregivers, GPs, politicians), we explore interface problems of different functional logics, of everyday and professional perspectives.Ethics and dissemination The Institutional Review Board of the University Hospital LMU Munich (#20-860) and the study sites (Universities of Wurzburg and Erlangen) approved the protocol. We disseminate the results by peer-reviewed publications, international conferences, governmental reports, etc.

Purpose: The study characterized the anthropometrical and cardiorespiratory profile, and the cardiorespiratory, bio-chemical and immunological responses to 3 × 3 min round (R) free-contact/combat boxing simulation, in elite Olympic Boxers (4 female and 10 male). Methods: The evaluation consisted of resting metabolic rate, anthropometric measurement, maximal graded test exercise (visit 1), free combat simulation (3 × 3 min R, 1 minute rest), and blood samples collected before, during and after the combat (visit 2). Results: Respectively, females and males had (mean±SD; or median: for non-parametric data) body fat percentage (17.2[3.5] and 4.6[0.8]%), predominantly mesomorphic somatotyping, and ${\dot{\rm V}}\rm {{\rm{O}}_{2MAX}}$ V ˙ O 2 MAX (50.0 ± 2.5 and 56.2 ± 5.2 ml.kg−1.min−1). The free combat simulation resulted in high cardiovascular strain [mean heart rate corresponding to R1: 92 ± 3; R2: 94 ± 2; and R3: 95 ± 2% of maximal HR] and blood chemistry indicative of acidosis (following R3: 7.21 ± 0.08 pH, bicarbonate 13.1 ± 3.6 mmol.L−1, carbon dioxide 13.9 ± 3.8 mmol.L−1, lactate 15.1 ± 3.8 mmol.L−1, and glucose 8.4 ± 1.3 mmol.L−1). Further, notable general catabolism, hematological and immune responses were evident post combat simulation (1-hour post R3: creatinine 95.2 ± 14.5 µmol.L−1, urea 6.4 ± 1.3 mmol.L−1, white blood cell accumulation 7.8 ± 2.6 × 109.L−1, hemoglobin 14.9 ± 0.8 g.dL−1 and hematocrit 43.7 ± 1.9%). Conclusions: Notable cardiovascular strain and acidosis are seen from the 3 × 3 free combat simulation whilst pronounced catabolism and immune responses are evident 1-hour post R3. This characterization is the first in male and female (who recently adopted the 3 × 3 min R format, as used by males) elite Olympic boxers and provides a characterization framework to assist practitioners and athletes in their attempts to deliver evidence-informed practice for specific conditioning session design. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Plasma etching is a crucial step in semiconductor manufacturing. High cleanliness and wafer‐to‐wafer reproducibility in the etching chamber are essential in order to successfully achieve nanometer‐sized integrated functions on the wafer. The trend toward the application of more aggressive plasma compositions leads to higher demands on the plasma resistance of the materials used in the etching chamber. Due to its excellent etch resistance, yttrium aluminum garnet Y3Al5O12 (YAG) is starting to replace established materials like SiO2 or Al2O3 in this kind of application. In this study, reactive spark plasma sintering (SPS) was used to manufacture highly dense YAG ceramics from the respective oxides. In addition, yttrium was replaced with heavier lanthanoids (Er, Lu), intending to investigate the role of the A‐site cation in the garnet type structure on the plasma erosion behavior. The produced materials were exposed to fluorine‐based etching plasmas mimicking the conditions in the semiconductor manufacturing apparatus and the erosion behavior was characterized by atomic force microscopy (AFM), secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and profilometry. The induced chemical gradient in the samples is limited to a few nanometers below the surface, which makes its characterization challenging. For advanced analysis, we developed a correlative characterization method combining SIMS and scanning TEM (STEM)–energy‐dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) enabling us to examine the structural and chemical changes in the reaction layer locally resolved. In the case of lanthanoid aluminates, an altered reaction layer and reduced fluorine penetration compared to YAG were found. However, a correlation between the characteristics of the induced chemical gradient and the determined physical erosion rates was not evident. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Merkel cell carcinoma (MCC) is a rare, aggressive skin cancer with a tripled incidence in the US and Europe over the past decade. Around 80% of MCC is linked to Merkel cell polyomavirus, but the cell of origin remains unknown. We stably introduced Merkel cell polyomavirus (MCPyV)‐sT) and LT antigens to MCC13 and REH cell lines, analyzing DNA methylation and gene transcriptional regulation. Gene ontology analysis assessed MCPyV effects, and integrative analysis correlated gene expression and methylation. Expression patterns were compared with 15 previously sequenced primary MCCs. We found that MCPyV‐LT induces DNA methylation changes in both cell lines, while MCPyV‐sT only affected REH cells. Greater gene expression changes are observed in MCC13 cells, with upregulated genes associated with cellular components and downregulated genes related to biological processes. Integrative analysis of differentially expressed genes (DEG) and differentially methylated regions (DMR) of REH cell lines revealed that no genes were commonly methylated and differentially expressed. The study compared DEGs and DMG in MCC13 and REH cells to overlapping genes in MCPyV‐positive cell lines (MKL1, MKL2, and WaGa), identifying hypomethylated genes in the gene body and hypermethylated genes at TSS1500. GO analysis of the two cell lines showed that MCPyV‐TAs can downregulate genes in MHC‐I pathways; this downregulation offers a target that can be used to create novel and efficient MCC immunotherapy approaches. Finally, it was confirmed that MCPyV‐LT controls gene expression in MCC tissues using an integrative investigation of DNA methylation and gene expression. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: to know the experience of the nursing team when acting in situations of parental bereavement in Neonatal Intensive Care. Method: qualitative study developed through semi-structured interviews from March to April 2021 with nursing professionals from a Neonatal Intensive Care Unit in Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. The results were submitted to thematic content analysis. Results: The act of experiencing parental bereavement by the nursing staff involves sadness, helplessness, and suffering. Strategies faced at this moment are based on empathy and humanization. For the professionals, the knowledge to face the situation comes from their own experiences of loss in their personal and professional lives, from their strength and religiosity. Conclusion: it is expected that this study contributes to the practice of health professionals in assisting parents who experience the process of parental bereavement in neonatal intensive care.

Objetivo: conocer la experiencia del equipo de enfermería al actuar en situaciones de aflicción parental en Cuidado Intensivo Neonatal. Método: estudio cualitativo desarrollado a través de entrevistas semiestructuradas en el período de marzo a abril de 2021 con profesionales de enfermería de una Unidad de Cuidado Intensivo Neonatal en Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil. Los resultados se sometieron a un análisis temático de contenido. Resultados: el acto de vivir lo luto parental por parte del equipo de enfermería atraviesa la tristeza, la impotencia y el sufrimiento. Las estrategias a las que nos enfrentamos en este momento se basan en la empatía y la humanización. Para los profesionales, el conocimiento para afrontar la situación viene dado por las propias experiencias de pérdida en la vida personal y profesional, de la fuerza y la religiosidad. Conclusión: se espera que este estudio contribuya a la práctica de los profesionales de la salud en la asistencia a los padres que experimentan el proceso de luto parental en el contexto de los cuidados intensivos neonatales.

Objetivo: conhecer a vivência da equipe de enfermagem ao atuar em situação de luto parental na Terapia Intensiva Neonatal. Método: estudo qualitativo desenvolvido por meio de entrevistas semiestruturadas no período de março a abril de 2021 com profissionais de enfermagem de uma Unidade de Terapia Intensiva Neonatal no Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil. Os resultados foram submetidos à análise temática de conteúdo. Resultados: o ato de vivenciar o luto parental pela equipe de enfermagem perpassa pela tristeza, impotência e sofrimento. Estratégias enfrentadas nesse momento são pautadas na empatia e humanização. Para os profissionais, o conhecimento para encarar a situação advém das próprias experiências de perda na vida pessoal e profissional, da força e religiosidade. Conclusão: espera-se que este estudo contribua para a prática dos profissionais da saúde na assistência aos pais que vivenciam o processo de luto parental no contexto da terapia intensiva neonatal.

Abstract Background Nonsyndromic cleft lip with/without cleft palate (nsCL/P) is a congenital malformation of multifactorial etiology. Research has identified >40 genome‐wide significant risk loci, which explain less than 40% of nsCL/P heritability. Studies show that some of the hidden heritability is explained by rare penetrant variants. Methods To identify new candidate genes, we searched for highly penetrant de novo variants (DNVs) in 50 nsCL/P patient/parent‐trios with a low polygenic risk for the phenotype (discovery). We prioritized DNV‐carrying candidate genes from the discovery for resequencing in independent cohorts of 1010 nsCL/P patients of diverse ethnicities and 1574 population‐matched controls (replication). Segregation analyses and rare variant association in the replication cohort, in combination with additional data (genome‐wide association data, expression, protein–protein‐interactions), were used for final prioritization. Conclusion In the discovery step, 60 DNVs were identified in 60 genes, including a variant in the established nsCL/P risk gene CDH1. Re‐sequencing of 32 prioritized genes led to the identification of 373 rare, likely pathogenic variants. Finally, MDN1 and PAXIP1 were prioritized as top candidates. Our findings demonstrate that DNV detection, including polygenic risk score analysis, is a powerful tool for identifying nsCL/P candidate genes, which can also be applied to other multifactorial congenital malformations.

The dramatic first images with JWST demonstrated its power to provide unprecedented spatial detail for galaxies in the high-redshift universe. Here, we leverage the resolution and depth of the JWST Cosmic Evolution Early Release Science Survey data in the Extended Groth Strip to perform pixel-level morphological classifications of galaxies in JWST F150W imaging using the Morpheus deep-learning framework for astronomical image analysis. By cross-referencing with existing photometric redshift catalogs from the Hubble Space Telescope (HST) CANDELS survey, we show that JWST images indicate the emergence of disk morphologies before z ∼ 2 and with candidates appearing as early as z ∼ 5. By modeling the light profile of each object and accounting for the JWST point-spread function, we find the high-redshift disk candidates have exponential surface brightness profiles with an average Sérsic index 〈 n 〉 = 1.04 and >90% displaying “disky” profiles ( n < 2). Comparing with prior Morpheus classifications in CANDELS we find that a plurality of JWST disk galaxy candidates were previously classified as compact based on the shallower HST imagery, indicating that the improved optical quality and depth of the JWST helps to reveal disk morphologies that were hiding in the noise. We discuss the implications of these early disk candidates on theories for cosmological disk galaxy formation.

Abstract Background The process of photoreception in most animals depends on the light induced isomerization of the chromophore retinal, bound to rhodopsin. To re-use retinal, the all-trans-retinal form needs to be re-isomerized to 11-cis-retinal, which can be achieved in different ways. In vertebrates, this mostly includes a stepwise enzymatic process called the visual cycle. The best studied re-isomerization system in protostomes is the rhodopsin-retinochrome system of cephalopods, which consists of rhodopsin, the photoisomerase retinochrome and the protein RALBP functioning as shuttle for retinal. In this study we investigate the expression of the rhodopsin-retinochrome system and functional components of the vertebrate visual cycle in a polyplacophoran mollusk, Leptochiton asellus, and examine the phylogenetic distribution of the individual components in other protostome animals. Results Tree-based orthology assignments revealed that orthologs of the cephalopod retinochrome and RALBP are present in mollusks outside of cephalopods. By mining our dataset for vertebrate visual cycle components, we also found orthologs of the retinoid binding protein RLBP1, in polyplacophoran mollusks, cephalopods and a phoronid. In situ hybridization and antibody staining revealed that L. asellus retinochrome is co-expressed in the larval chiton photoreceptor cells (PRCs) with the visual rhodopsin, RALBP and RLBP1. In addition, multiple retinal dehydrogenases are expressed in the PRCs, which might also contribute to the rhodopsin-retinochrome system. Conclusions We conclude that the rhodopsin-retinochrome system is a common feature of mollusk PRCs and predates the origin of cephalopod eyes. Our results show that this system has to be extended by adding further components, which surprisingly, are shared with vertebrates.