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107. Datura stramonium Leaf Extract Exhibits Anti-inflammatory Activity in CCL4-Induced Hepatic Injury Model by Modulating Oxidative Stress Markers and iNOS/Nrf2 Expression.

Author

Nasir, Bakht, Khan, Ashraf Ullah, Baig, Muhammad Waleed, Althobaiti, Yusuf S., Faheem, Muhammad, and Haq, Ihsan-Ul

Subjects
LIVER injuries, BIOLOGICAL models, MEDICINAL plants, NITRIC-oxide synthases, LIVER, ANIMAL experimentation, IMMUNOHISTOCHEMISTRY, OXIDATIVE stress, COMPARATIVE studies, LEAVES, DOSE-effect relationship in pharmacology, PLANT extracts, INFLAMMATORY mediators, TRANSCRIPTION factors, MICE, PHARMACODYNAMICS
Abstract

Background. Inflammation is a frequent phenomenon in the pathogenesis of hepatic disorders leading to fibrosis and cirrhosis. Phytopharmaceuticals developed from traditional medicine can provide effective therapeutic alternatives to conventional medications. Datura stramonium (DS) has reported traditional uses in inflammatory diseases. In this study, we have tried to validate its potential as a source of anti-inflammatory agents. Methods. Powdered leaf part of DS was extracted using ethyl acetate (EA) to provide the extract (DSL-EA). Lymphocyte and macrophage viability and acute toxicity assays established the safety profile, while nitric oxide (NO) scavenging assay estimated the in vitro anti-inflammatory potential. Noninvasive anti-inflammatory, antidepressant, and antinociceptive activities were monitored using BALB/c mice using low and high doses (150 and 250 mg/kg). Major inflammatory studies were performed on Sprague-Dawley male rats using CCl4-induced liver injury model. Disease induction was initiated by intraperitoneal injections of CCl4 (1 mL/kg of 30% CCl4 in olive oil). The rats were divided into six groups. The anti-inflammatory potential of DSL-EA in low and high doses (150 and 300 mg/kg, respectively) was assessed through hematological, biochemical, liver antioxidant defense, oxidative stress markers, and histological studies as well as the expression of Nrf2 and iNOS. Results. DSL-EA exhibited prominent in vitro NO scavenging (IC50: 7.625 ± 0.51 μg/mL) and in vivo anti-inflammatory activity in paw and anal edema models. In CCl4 model, hematological investigations revealed vasotonic effects. Liver functionality was significantly (P < 0.001 − 0.05) improved in DSL-EA-treated rats. The activity level of endogenous antioxidant enzymes in liver tissues was improved in a manner identical to silymarin. The extract reduced the percent concentration of oxidative stress markers in liver tissues. Furthermore, DSL-EA displayed restorative effects on histological parameters (H and E and Masson's trichrome staining). Immunohistochemistry studies showed marked decline in Nrf2 expression, while overexpression of iNOS was also observed in disease control rats. The damage was distinctly reversed by the extract. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2022
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119. RP-HPLC-based phytochemical analysis and diverse pharmacological evaluation of Quercus floribunda Lindl. ex A. Camus nuts extracts

Author

Ahmed, Madiha, Adil, Muhammad, Haq, Ihsan-ul, Tipu, Muhammad Khalid, Qasim, Muhammad, and Gul, Bilquees

Abstract

Quercus floribunda Lindl. ex A. Camus nuts have important folklore uses, assessed for underexplored biological potential. Nuts galls or cores and coats were utilized for the preparation of extracts using 14 solvent systems. Antioxidant, antimicrobial, cytotoxic and enzyme inhibition assays along with phytochemical profiling was carried out. Distilled water cores extract demonstrated maximum percent yield, phenolics content and total antioxidant capacity. Methanol: ethyl acetate cores extract showed maximum flavonoids content, total reducing power and protein kinase inhibition. Highest percentage radical scavenging and brine shrimp lethality was revealed by acetone: distilled water cores extract. Ethyl acetate cores extract indicated maximum α-amylase inhibition. Methanol: water coats extract showed substantial leishmanial growth inhibition. n-Hexane and chloroform coats extracts showed maximum cytotoxicity against HepG2 and THP-1 cell lines, respectively. Polyphenols quantified through RP-HPLC analysis were quercetin, pyrocatechol, gallic acid, catechin and chlorogenic acid ranging from 0.003 ± 0.001 to 1.785 ± 0.5 μg/mg extract.

Published
2019
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120. RP-HPLC-based phytochemical analysis and diverse pharmacological evaluation of Quercus floribunda Lindl. ex A. Camus nuts extracts.

Author

Ahmed, Madiha, Adil, Muhammad, Haq, Ihsan-ul-, Tipu, Muhammad Khalid, Qasim, Muhammad, and Gul, Bilquees

Subjects
OXIDANT status, GALLIC acid, OAK, CHLOROGENIC acid, ARTEMIA, QUERCETIN, EPICATECHIN
Abstract

Quercus floribunda Lindl. ex A. Camus nuts have important folklore uses, assessed for underexplored biological potential. Nuts galls or cores and coats were utilized for the preparation of extracts using 14 solvent systems. Antioxidant, antimicrobial, cytotoxic and enzyme inhibition assays along with phytochemical profiling was carried out. Distilled water cores extract demonstrated maximum percent yield, phenolics content and total antioxidant capacity. Methanol: ethyl acetate cores extract showed maximum flavonoids content, total reducing power and protein kinase inhibition. Highest percentage radical scavenging and brine shrimp lethality was revealed by acetone: distilled water cores extract. Ethyl acetate cores extract indicated maximum α-amylase inhibition. Methanol: water coats extract showed substantial leishmanial growth inhibition. n-Hexane and chloroform coats extracts showed maximum cytotoxicity against HepG2 and THP-1 cell lines, respectively. Polyphenols quantified through RP-HPLC analysis were quercetin, pyrocatechol, gallic acid, catechin and chlorogenic acid ranging from 0.003 ± 0.001 to 1.785 ± 0.5 μg/mg extract. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2021
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130. Systematic significance of pollen morphology and foliar epidermal anatomy of medicinal plants using SEM and LM techniques.

Author

Hameed, Ayesha, Zafar, Muhammad, Ullah, Riaz, Shahat, Abdelaaty A., Ahmad, Mushtaq, Cheema, Saman I., Lubna, Haq, Ihsan‐Ul, Sultana, Shazia, Usma, Anwer, and Majeed, Salman

Abstract

Alternative medicinal source is a hot issue within medicine community now a days due to various side effects of allotropic drugs; most importantly the multidrug resistance phenomena. Medicinal plants provide an attractive and effective alternative to modern synthetic drugs as they contain different types of bioactive compounds, having great potential in treatment of various diseases. The present study deals with identification of micromorphological characteristics of 10 ethnomedicinally important plants of Northern Pakistan, that is, Aster himalaicus C. B. Clarke, Artemisia maritima (Berg.) Wellkomm, Isodon rugosus (Wall. ex Benth.), Myricaria squamosal Desv, Pedicularis groenlandica Retz. Polygonum aviculare L, Salvia himmelbauer E. Peter, Swertia kingie Hook. f., Tanacetum dolichophyllum (Kitam) Kitam, Verbascum epixanthinum Boiss. & Heldr. as potential source for pharmaceutical industry. The characters studied were shape and size of pollen, polar diameter and equatorial diameter, epidermal cell shape and size, stomata width and length, trichome shapes, and type. Most of the species had tricolporate pollen type but hexacolporate pollen was also observed in Isodon rugosus, Polygonum aviculare, Salvia himmelbauer. Different types of exine sculpturing observed were foveolate, scabrate, lophate, regular, steriate, and alveolate. Minimum equatorial diameter was noted in Tanacetum dolichophyllum (12.4 μm) and maximum in Myricaria squamosal (20.9 μm). Shape of epidermis cell ranged from rectangular and irregular, polygonal and pentagonal. Different types of stomata like anisocytic, actinocytic, paracytic, and diacytic were noticed. Variations in microscopic characters observed in the current study have great potential to be used as identification tools by the taxonomists for further studies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2020
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131. Microscopic investigation of pollen morphology of Brassicaceae from Central Punjab‐Pakistan.

Author

Amina, Hafiza, Ahmad, Mushtaq, Bhatti, Ghulam Raza, Zafar, Muhammad, Sultana, Shazia, Butt, Maryam Akram, Bahadur, Saraj, Haq, Ihsan‐Ul, Ghufran, Muhammad Asad, Lubna, Ahmad, Shafiq, and Ashfaq, Shomaila

Abstract

The intention of the current study is to provide an account on the palynological features of Brassicaceae from Central Punjab‐Pakistan as a basis for future studies. Different morpho‐palynological characteristics both qualitative and quantitative were analyzed during this research which includes shape of pollen, diameter of pollen, P/E ratio, exine sculpturing, thickness of exine, type of pollen, shape and size of lumens, and thickness of murus. Taxonomic keys were also constructed based on pollen morphological characters for correct identification of species. This study aims to provide detailed information of pollen diversity and their exine structure based on both qualitative and quantitative characters by using Light microscopy and Scanning electron microscopy. Shape of pollen is mostly prolate, but some species also have sub‐prolate to spheroidal prolate types. Exine ornamentation in most species was reticulate, whereas micro reticulate (one species) and coarsely reticulate (one species) exine also observed in some pollen. All the pollen mentioned in this study have tricolpate apertures. Variation found in thickness of exine and other characters proved to be helpful at generic and specific level. The results reinforced the significance of pollen morphological features of family Brassicaceae and aid for valuable taxonomic tool in plant systematics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2020
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141. The insecticidal potential of botanical extracts for management of Peach fruit fly, Bactrocera zonata Saunders, 1842

Author

SHAH, Mohammad Maroof, KHAN, Saira, AHMAD, Raza, and HAQ, İhsan Ul

Subjects
Fen, Bactrocera zonata,botanical insecticides,insecticidal activity, Science, Bactrocera zonata,bitkisel insektisitler,insektisidal aktivitesi
Abstract

Pakistan'da Himalaya’nın düşük rakımlı bölgelerinde yetişen, Isodon rugosus Wall. ex Benth (Labiatae), Boenninghausenia albiflora (Hook.) Rchb. ex Meisn.(Rutaceae), Calotropis procera Aiton (Dryand) (Apocynaceae), Daphne mucronata Royle (Thymelaeaceae), Tagetes minuta L. (Asteraceae), Cinnamomum camphora (L.) J. Presl (Lauraceae) ve Eucalyptus sideroxylon A. Cunn. ex Woolls (Myrtaceae) bitkilerinin metanolik ekstraktlarının %2’lik konsantrasyonlarının Şeftali meyve sineği Bactrocera zonata Saunders, 1842 (Diptera: Tephritidae)’ne karşı etkileri değerlendirilmiştir. Tagetes minuta ekstraktı, erkek meyve sineklerine karşı maksimum %73 ölüm oranı gösterirken, dişilerde en fazla ölüm oranı sadece %16.6 ile C. camphora ve I. rugosus ekstraktlarından elde edilmiştir. Maksimum uzaklaştırıcı etkiye %44.4 ile B. albiflora, bunu takiben %42 ile D. mucronata ekstraktları sahip olurken en az sayıda sinek diğerlerine kıyasla bu iki bitki ekstraktında saptanmıştır. En düşük pupa sayısı %3.3 ile T. minuta ekstraktı uygulanan guava meyvelerinden toplanırken; bu oran uygulama yapılmamış olanlardan elde edilen %62.6’lık pupa oranına göre önemli derecede düşük olarak değerlendirilmiştir. Erginlerin en düşük sayıları (%0.33), T. minuta ekstraktı uygulanan guava meyvelerinden elde edilirken, uygulama yapılmamış olanlardan %45.3 oranında ergin elde edilmiştir. Pupaların engellenmesi oranı, en yüksek (%94.6) T. minuta ekstraktından elde edilmiştir. Erginlerin ortaya çıkışının engellenmesi %99.2 ile T. minuta ekstraktı için en yüksek olmuştur. Uygulanan diğer bitki ekstraktlarına kıyasla maksimum insektisit potansiyeline sahip olduğu için, T. minuta meyve sineği B. zonata' ya karşı etkili bir pestisit kaynağı olarak kullanılabilir. Sonuçlar bitki bazlı insektisitlerin B. zonata'ya karşı entegre zararlı mücadele stratejilerine dahil edilmesinin potansiyel faydaları ile ilişkili olarak tartışılmıştır., Methanolic extracts of Isodon rugosus Wall. ex Benth (Labiatae), Boenninghausenia albiflora (Hook.) Rchb. ex Meisn. (Rutaceae), Calotropis procera Aiton (Dryand) (Apocynaceae), Daphne mucronata Royle (Thymelaeaceae), Tagetes minuta L. (Asteraceae), Cinnamomum camphora (L.) J. Presl (Lauraceae) and Eucalyptus sideroxylon A. Cunn. ex Woolls (Myrtaceae), grown in lower Himalayan regions of Pakistan were evaluated at 2% concentration against Peach fruit fly Bactrocera zonata Saunders, 1842 (Diptera: Tephritidae). Tagetes minuta extract showed maximum of 73% mortality against male fruit flies and in case of female maximum mortality shown by C. camphora and I. rugosus was only 16.6%. Boenninghausenia albiflora extract had maximum repellence of 44.4% followed by 42% by D. mucronata extract and the minimum number of flies were settled on these two plant extracts as compared to the others. The lowest number of pupae 3.3% as collected from guavas treated with T. minuta extract; this was significantly lower than the 62.6% pupae recovered from untreated guavas. The lowest numbers of adults (0.33%) were recovered from guavas treated with T. minuta extract compared to 45.3% adults from untreated guavas. The pupae inhibition was highest (94.6%) for T. minuta extract. Inhibition of adult emergence was highest i.e. 99.2% for T. minuta extract. Tagetes minuta can be exploited as a potent source of pesticide against fruit fly, B. zonata, due to maximum pesticidal potential as compared to all other plant extracts applied. The results are discussed in relation with potential benefits of incorporating plant based insecticides in integrated pest management strategies against B. zonata.

Published
2016

150. In vitrobactericidal, antidiabetic, cytotoxic, anticoagulant, and hemolytic effect of green-synthesized silver nanoparticles using Allium sativumclove extract incubated at various temperatures

Author

Andleeb, Saiqa, Tariq, Faiza, Muneer, Areesha, Nazir, Tooba, Shahid, Beenish, Latif, Zahid, Abbasi, Shahab Ahmed, Haq, Ihsan ul, Majeed, Zahid, Khan, Salah Ud-Din, Khan, Shahab Ud-Din, Khan, Taj Muhammad, and Al Farraj, Dunia A.

Abstract

The current research aimed to evaluate in vitrobiological activities of green-synthesized silver nanoparticles using the Allium sativumclove extract. The stability of green-synthesized silver nanoparticles was evaluated via storage at 4°C, room temperature (37°C), and calcined at 300°C, 500°C, and 700°C. The antibacterial effect was evaluated using agar well, spread plate, biofilm reduction, and cell proliferation inhibition assays. The cytotoxic and antidiabetic effects were determined via brine shrimp lethality, protein kinase inhibition, and α-amylase inhibition assays. DPPH scavenging, iron-chelating, anticoagulant, and hemolytic effects were evaluated. The highest inhibition of Klebsiella pneumoniaewas observed when freshly prepared, calcined (300°C), and stored nanoparticles (4°C and 37°C) were applied (9.66, 9.55, 7.33, and 6.65 mm) against freshly prepared and calcined at 700°C which showed the highest inhibition of Pseudomonas aeruginosa(8.55 and 7.66 mm). Cell viability assay, biofilm reduction assay, and spread plate method showed a significant antibacterial effect of freshly prepared silver nanoparticles. Freshly prepared and calcined nanoparticles at 300°C and 500°C possessed strong antioxidant and iron-chelating activity. Among all the synthesized silver nanoparticles, freshly prepared and calcined nanoparticles (300°C and 500°C) increases the prothrombin time. Silver nanoparticles possessed significant anticoagulant properties and less toxic at least concentration toward human RBCs. In brine shrimp lethality assay, freshly prepared nanoparticles showed a stronger toxic effect and caused high mortality of larvae. Protein kinase inhibition assay revealed that freshly prepared nanoparticles had the highest zone of inhibition (18.0 mm) at 50 µg/disc. Green-synthesized nanoparticles would be used as potential therapeutic agents to overcome both infectious and noninfectious diseases.

Published
2019
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