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Tetracycline (TC) adsorption amount on original wood biochar was finitely, so modification is imperative to improve its adsorption capacity. This study mixed chinese fir sawdust with ammonium molybdate to prepare a modified chinese fir biochar (MCB) via pyrolysis at 800 °C. Meanwhile, pristine chinese fir biochar (CB) was produced as control. The effects of pH, adsorption time, initial concentration and adsorbent dosage on the adsorption process were also studied. Langmuir model and quasi second-order kinetic model were used describe the characteristics of adsorption process. The optimally capacity of TC adsorption on MCB reached 36 mg/g, which was 6 – fold increase to CB. Therefore, modification by ammonium molybdate can be used as a potential way of chinese fir sawdust biochar for increasing adsorption capacity of TC from antibiotic sewage water.

The tight sandstone reservoir of the Donghetang Formation underwent complex diagenetic processes for which the controlling factors remain unknown. Here, we present a case study of the lower member of this formation and show that this part of the reservoir consists mostly of lithic quartz sandstone with poor physical characteristics. Using core observation, thin section identification, electronic microprobe, scanning electronic microscopy, X-ray diffraction, and inclusion fluorescence microscopy, we identified five major diagenetic processes: compaction, cementation, dissolution, metasomatism, and hydrocarbon charging. Compaction and cementation have negative effects on petrophysical properties (referred to porosity and permeability of sandstone in this paper), and dissolution improves these properties. Diagenesis is affected by the depositional environment, and clastic constituents control compaction and dissolution; burial history and the geotemperature field control diagenesis at the macroscopic scale, while hydrocarbon charging affects the degree of cementation and dissolution. As oil saturation increases, the percentage of calcareous cements decreases and the development of secondary dissolved pores improves.

In this study, we developed a new kind of dual-mode multicolored photonic crystals (PCs), which could be used as a new type of dye, and achieved multicolored patterns. This kind of PCs can exhibit not only distinct structural colors due to Bragg's law of diffraction but also non-structural colors due to fluorescence. We used ultraviolet (UV)-responsive colloidal spheres synthesized by polymerization of semi-continuous emulsions to assemble the PCs. In this synthesis, the fluorescent precursors with carbamate groups were locally restricted to the shell of prepared spheres. UV irradiation can induce photo-decomposition of the carbamate groups in the fluorescent precursors, generating amino groups in the process. This process allowed the assembled PCs to exhibit fluorescence through treatment with fluorescamine. We prepared two-dimensional (2D) multicolored photonic patterns of different sizes, with both reflection and fluorescence modes. These patterns were prepared either by vertical deposition under selective UV irradiation, or by spray coating. In addition, we fabricated three-dimensional (3D) multicolored photonic patterns using 3D templates, as well as through spray coating. The results expand the concept of responsive PCs, and offer potential applications for multicolored photonic crystal patterns (PC patterns) in the field of optical storage, color displays, and anti-counterfeiting.

Tetracycline (TC) and ciprofloxacin (CIP) cause serious environmental and health issues upon their uncontrolled release to the aquatic system and hence their control required serious attention. In this study, adsorption and desorption performances of TC and CIP by sodium carboxymethylcellulose (CMC) and polyethyleneimine (PEI) modified magnetic bentonite (MBCP) were explored. It was found that active functional groups such as –COOH, –OH and –NH2 loaded on the surface of MBCP increased the selective adsorption performance of MBCP for TC and CIP. Meanwhile, MBCP had superior adsorption performance in a wide pH range, magnetic separation capability and good regeneration. Based on the adsorption kinetics, isotherm, pHPZC, FE–SEM, TEM, FT–IR, XRD, BET, XPS and VSM results, the mechanisms of MBCP adsorption and desorption were investigated which mainly involved electrostatic interaction, pores deposition, complexation and ions exchange phenomena. MBCP was realized higher adsorption capacity for TC (476 mg/g), and CIP (457 mg/g) than MB (300 and 270 mg/g, respectively). This study provides important reference information for the fabrication of MBCP as a novel and promising adsorbent for the remediation of antibiotics from wastewater on the industrial level.

Ciprofloxacin (CIP) and tetracycline (TC) are emerging contaminants which seriously threaten the survival of aquatic life and human health. In this study, we report a facile and energy-efficient one-step hydrothermal strategy for the fabrication of n-n isotype BiOBr-Bi2WO6 heterojunctions with nanosheet-insertion-microsphere morphology. Morphological characterizations indicated that two-dimensional (2D) n-Bi2WO6 nanosheets were inserted or covered upon n-type three-dimensional (3D) BiOBr microspheres which acted as the support successfully restricted the aggregation of Bi2WO6 nanosheets and supplied more active sites. The 2D Bi2WO6 nanosheets enhanced the interfacial contact and improved visible-light absorption efficiency. Photocatalytic degradation experiments revealed that BiOBr-Bi2WO6 = 8:1 exhibited superior CIP and TC degradation (90%and 96%, respectively) within 120 min as compared to that of the pristine BiOBr and Bi2WO6. Moreover, BiOBr-Bi2WO6 = 8:1 also realized efficient photocatalytic degradation of Rhodamine B (100%) and Methylene blue (94%). Excellent stability and recyclability remained in BiOBr-Bi2WO6 = 8:1 composite after five consecutive cycles. Based on the band structure analyses, and radical trapping and electron spin resonance characterization results, a possible Z-scheme path of charger transfer was proposed to elucidate the enhanced photocatalytic mechanism. This study offers a novel avenue to design efficient n-n isotype heterojunction with superior visible-light response for refractory antibiotics degradation.

In this paper, we pursued developing a kind of novel time-dependent patterns based on persistent luminescence (PersL). We prepared a series of Cr3+-doped PersL: ZGGO: m%Cr3+ (m = 0.5, 1, 2, 5); and co-doped PersL: ZGGO: 1%Cr3+, n%Yb3+, ZGGO: 1%Cr3+, n%Eu3+, (n = 0.5, 1, 2, 5). All the Cr3+-doped and co-doped ZGGOs possessed high-performance persistent luminescence property, which exhibited a 723 nm peaking luminescence and persistent luminescence under UV irradiation. The ZGGOs appeared similar in emission wavelength and color, except persistent luminescence intensity decreased for different degrees. Based on the properties of the materials, we produced the photoluminescence patterns which exhibit a time-dependent factor. Those were a flower-like pattern, a Chinese “Taiji” pattern, and a “solar eclipse” pattern. This strategy could provide a future use for information storage, security signs, and anti-counterfeiting.

A series of Zn2GeO4:Tb3+ nanophosphors have been prepared by the high temperature solid state method. The XRD patterns of samples are basically consistent with Zn2GeO4 standard card and the influence of Tb3+ ion on the peak shift is discussed detailedly. The SEM results show that the average sizes of all nanophosphors, whether undoped or doped, are about 50 nm except that some particles in Zn2GeO4 nanophosphor doped with 0.7 mol% terbium take on the cubic structure and the maximum size are about 130 nm. Under 265 nm excitation, there exists a broad blue emission belonging to Zn2GeO4 host. Moreover, the intense photoluminescence peaks at 490, 550 nm and weak peaks at 585, 622 nm of Tb3+ ions are obtained, and optimum Tb3+ doping concentration is 0.7 mol%. The decay curves of host emissions with the varied Tb3+ concentrations are measured, and the mechanisms of photoluminescence and energy transfer from Zn2GeO4 host to Tb3+ ions are analyzed systematically.

Nitrophenols in wastewater have posed a serious threat to ecosystem and human health, hence it is very important to remove them from wastewater using an environmental-friendly and effective method. In this study, Fe3O4@SiO2@ZnO magnetic nanoparticles (ZnO MNPs) were synthesized via a moderate and rapid route using microwave irradiation and diethylene glycol (DEG) as solvent. The facile synthesis conditions of ZnO nanoparticles coating on Fe3O4@SiO2 were confirmed owing to lower reaction temperature (160 °C) and quick reaction time (15 min microwave irradiation). In addition, the synthesized ZnO MNPs demonstrated the comparable or even better photocatalytic activity for 4-nitrophenol (4-NP) as compared with TiO2 with respect to small catalyst dosage, quick degradation rate and broad pH range. Moreover, ZnO MNPs exhibited good stability and reusability after eight times successive degradation experiments of 4-NP. The mechanism of the enhanced photocatalytic activity of ZnO MNPs was mainly related to the stronger adsorption ability for 4-NP, the improved light absorption ability and the retarding recombination of hole–electron pairs. In summary, ZnO MNPs is a promising candidate for 4-NP photocatalytic degradation from wastewater.

We consider the synchronization transmission problem of spiral wave and turbulence within the uncertain switching network. Through constructing reasonably the Lyapunov function of the network, the uncertain switching network not only can transfer synchronously the spiral wave and turbulence originated from the synchronization target, but also the chattering near the synchronization target can be eliminated, which indicates that the synchronization performance of the network is more stable. At the same time, the adaptive laws of the uncertain parameters are designed and the uncertain parameters in the switching network nodes are replaced effectively.

Botryoidal dolostone (BD) developed extensively within the Neoproterozoic Upper Sinian Dengying Formation in the Hanyuan region, which is an important gas reservoir. Based on literature review, a study of their outcrop characteristics, petrology, microfabric, degree of order, and genesis reveal that BD mainly comprises botryoidal lumps (BL) originated from depositional-penecontemporaneous seawater and botryoidal and ctenoid cements or fillings. BL occurred in parallel beds during the depositional-syngenetic stage, including core and coating. The core consists of grapestone and thrombolite, which is dominated by muddy and microcrystalline high-magnesium calcite (HMC) resulting from marine deposition and micro-organism capturing and binding effects. The coating, classified as either thin or thick, is mainly isopachous fibrous aragonite (IFA) that formed during the depositional-syngenetic stage. Thin coatings formed in the turbulent sea bottom, while thicker ones formed in a relatively quiet sea bottom. Botryoidal and ctenoid cements and fillings compose IFA and HMC. IFA that includes marine phreatic zone deposition from the syngenetic-penecontemporaneous stage mainly occurs in the spaces between grains of BL and intraclast or on the top of them. The HMC that is the product from meteoric leaching in the penecontemporaneous stage and marine deposition occurs in the dissolved pores and fractures. During the process when BL and the botryoidal, ctenoid cements, or fillings formed, either abiogenetic or microbiogenic aragonite and HMC were mimetically dolomitized and preserved the primary texture and structure. BD was also reworked by the meteoric leaching in the penecontemporaneous and supergenous stages.

TBM is important equipment in mining and road construction, and the kinetic analysis of TBM gripper and thrust regripping system in hydraulic-mechanical coupling plays a vital role in practical applications. This paper describes the three motion states of TBM gripper and thrust regripping system and how the hydraulic-mechanical coupling device works. AHP (Analytical hierarchy process) is applied to assess the kinetic analysis of TBM gripper and thrust regripping system in hydraulic-mechanical coupling based on power bond graph under different motion states from the perspective of the expression accuracy of physical parameters, internal connection and consistency of transformation rules. The results show that TBM gripper and thrust regripping system displays the best results in the axial movement when power bond graph is used for hydraulic-mechanical coupling analysis.

To reveal the characteristics of tetracycline (TC) photocatalytic degradation under Cu(II) coexistence, effects of Cu(II) on TC photocatalytic degradation by ZnO nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) as a function of pH, humic acid (HA), and initial Cu(II) concentration were investigated. Interaction of TC with Cu(II) in the treatment process was analyzed by circular dichroism (CD) spectroscopy, while TC degradation pathway was investigated by high-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. Sixty-five percent and ninety-one percent TC degradation within 60 min in the absence and presence of Cu(II), respectively, was reported. Both adsorption and photocatalytic degradation of TC under Cu(II) coexistence increased with increasing pH from 3 to 6, while decreased with further increase in pH. HA inhibited the degradation of TC by ZnO NPs both in the presence as well absence of Cu(II), while TC degradation decreased from 91 to 73% and from 73 to 37% in the presence and absence of Cu(II), respectively. TC degradation by ZnO NPs first increased then decreased with increasing Cu(II). Maximum TC degradation (about 94%) was obtained in the optimum concentration range of Cu(II) (0.05–0.15 mmol/L). In addition, there was a lag effect between TC adsorption and degradation on ZnO NPs. TC degradation was improved via Cu(II)–TC surface complexation and followed N-demethylation and hydroxylation routes. This study could be of potential importance in extrapolating the transformation of TC or other antibiotics under the coexistence of heavy metals in water.

With the wide application of real-time information processing systems, real-time task scheduling in heterogeneous environments has become the most important research area. According to the processing stage and urgency of tasks, a task scheduling algorithm for heterogeneous real-time systems based on deadline constraints(DCSA) is proposed. Firstly, according to the free time of the ready tasks and the estimated execution time of each node in the system, the classified scheduling strategy is adopted to guarantee the priority of the emergency tasks. Then, different task switching strategies are proposed respectively corresponding to the assigned tasks and the relative deadlines of execution tasks in the processing nodes. The analysis shows that the algorithm can avoid the thrashing of scheduling system, and there is no case that other suspended tasks miss deadlines due to long waiting time, which effectively guarantees the successful-scheduled tasks ratio.

We developed a type of dye-doped cholesteric liquid crystal, which were used for fluorescence enhancement and dual-mode multicolor patterns. We added dye molecules (BBOT, coumarin 6 (C6) and rhodamine B (RhB)) to liquid crystals, and cholesteric liquid crystals (CLC) exhibited selective reflection characteristics. When the reflection wavelength overlaps with the peak of the fluorescent dye, the luminescence intensity of the dye molecules could be adjusted. We used two methods to adjust the reflection wavelength of the cholesteric liquid crystals by changing the content of chiral additives and the isomerization degree of azo molecules. We used the screen printing and stencil printing methods to combine liquid crystal particles containing different fluorescent colors to prepare multicolor patterns. Moreover, the photoisomerization characteristics of the azo molecules were also used to achieve brilliant firework-like images upon exposure to ultraviolet and visible light. In addition, we also realized a face-changing stunt with facial makeup during a performance in the Sichuan Opera, a traditional Chinese folk art. We made use of the difference between reflection color and luminescence intensity upon light irradiation to present orange, green, blue and dark-blue facial effects.

Bulk software deployment is a tedious and error-prone task. This has prompted concerns by the advent of the Internet of Things (IoT) into daily lives requiring recurrent deployment of software to a large number of heterogeneous devices. This work proposes an interactive graphical user interface to simplify common software deployment activities in IoT systems. The results of laboratory usability testing show high system usefulness and overall user satisfaction.

Wind erosion is one of the major environmental problems in drylands. Identifying the dominant natural factors of wind erosion and using targeted treatment measures are the key steps in wind erosion control. Using Horqin Left Back Banner in China as a case study, we applied the revised wind erosion equation to simulate the spatial distribution of wind erosion in the semi-arid sandy area. Contribution assessment and constraint line analysis were used to investigate the contributions of driving forces to wind erosion changes. The results showed that the wind erosion in the whole area was reduced by 0.35 t/hm2·a from 2005 to 2016. The wind factor and vegetation coverage factor had dominant contributions to the wind erosion modulus and accounted for the erosion in 49.87% and 50.13% of the total area, respectively. In addition, the average wind speed exceeding the threshold and the number of occurrences exhibited significant correlations with the wind erosion severity. Meanwhile, the mitigation effects of vegetation coverage on wind erosion decreased with the increase in wind speed. The temporal mismatch between the wind speed and vegetation coverage was the main reason for the frequent severe wind erosion in spring. Reducing the spring wind speed through adding windbreaks would be an effective method for decreasing wind erosion in semi-arid areas.

The timing of CI for postmeningitic deafness is controversial and differential outcomes have been reported. To review and share our surgical and auditory outcomes.17 patients with ossified cochleas who received CI were enrolled. Clinical data including the cause of cochlear ossification, preoperative examination, onset of deafness, age at implantation, surgical findings, and relevant auditory outcomes was analysed.Cochlear ossification was observed in 53% of patients with HRCT, whereas the corresponding value for MRI was 59%. Patients in both stage I and II received complete insertion of the electrode array, however, stage III patients only received partial insertion. 1 patient in stage II received bilateral CI. Hearing tests showed increased average hearing threshold for stage III patients than those in stage I and II (P 0.05). CAP scores were much lower for stage III patients than those in stage I and II (P 0.05). Postlingual deafness patients showed higher SIR scores than prelingual deafness children (P 0.05).HRCT and MRI have comparable value in predicting the occurrence of ossification in cochleas. We recommend fast surgical intervention in the patients with bilateral profound postmeningitic deafness. If possible, bilateral cochlear implantation is recommended.

To obtain an effective, cheap and recyclable adsorbent for refractory pollutants removal, carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) and chitosan (CS) modified magnetic Fe3O4/alkaline Ca-bentonite (MACB-CC) was successfully fabricated by modifying magnetic Fe3O4/alkaline Ca-bentonite (MACB) with both CMC and CS via the Schiff base reaction. The designed adsorbent exhibited stable magnetic separation ability and excellent adsorption for doxycycline (DC) (96%) as compared to the pristine MACB (84%). DC adsorption efficiency increased with increasing time from 0 to 2 h for MACB and MACB-CC and then reached to equilibrium. The optimum pH value/range for DC adsorption were achieved at pH 7.0 and 4.0 ∼ 8.0 for MACB and MACB-CC respectively. DC adsorption was boosted by the presence of humic acid in low concentration (20 ∼ 40 mg L−1 and 0 ∼ 40 mg L−1 for MACB and MACB-CC respectively). The mechanism of DC adsorption on MACB-CC mainly included complexation, electrostatic attraction and deposition. The adsorption data of DC both on MACB and MACB-CC fitted well with the pseudo-second-order kinetic model and Langmuir adsorption isotherm model. MACB-CC achieved 1.2 times higher uptake for DC (643 mg g−1) than that of MACB. The enhanced adsorption of DC could be ascribed to the synergistic organic modification by CMC and CS. In addition, MACB-CC exhibited good magnetic separation ability and magnetic stability during the recycling process, and hence could be deemed as a promising alternative for DC adsorption from wastewater on industrial level.

All-inorganic perovskite micro/nanolasers are emerging as a class of miniaturized coherent photonic sources for many potential applications, such as optical communication, computing, and imaging, owing to their ultracompact sizes, highly localized coherent output, and broadband wavelength tunability. However, to achieve single-mode laser emission in the microscale perovskite cavity is still challenging. Herein, we report unprecedented single-mode laser operations at room temperature in self-assembly CsPbX 3 microcavities over an ultrawide pumping wavelength range of 400–2300 nm, covering one- to five-photon absorption processes. The superior frequency down- and upconversion single-mode lasing manifests high multiphoton absorption efficiency and excellent optical gain from the electron–hole plasma state in the perovskite microcavities. Through direct compositional modulation, the wavelength of a single-mode CsPbX 3 microlaser can be continuously tuned from blue-violet to green (427–543 nm). The laser emission remains stable and robust after long-term high-intensity excitation for over 12 h (up to 4.3 × 10 7 excitation cycles) in the ambient atmosphere. Moreover, the pump-wavelength dependence of the threshold, as well as the detailed lasing dynamics such as the gain-switching and electron–hole plasma mechanisms, are systematically investigated to shed insight into the more fundamental issues of the lasing processes in CsPbX 3 perovskite microcavities.

In the ever-competitive global business environment, companies may fail to adapt to the environment due to crisis. In this situation, companies call for self-sacrificing leaders to help companies get out of the woods. Self-sacrificing leadership is a spirit or behavior manifesting the leader’s willingness to take on various kinds of risks and losses for the sake of the benefits of the whole organization and the subordinates. We explored the dimension and measurement methods, In order to clarify the nature of self-sacrificing leadership and the theoretical boundary with other leadership, we make a comparison of self-sacrificing leadership and other leadership. Future research can strengthen the study on the concept, measurement methods of self-sacrificing leadership.

Land use and cover change is an important concept in the study of ecosystem services, especially in ecologically fragile areas. This study generated three scenarios, namely historical trend (HT), national planning (NP), and windbreak and sand fixation (WS), by using the CLUMondo model and Bayesian belief network (BBN) to explore land use with diverse demands. The CLUMondo model was utilized to simulate the land use probability surface of Horqin Sandy Land in 2025 under different scenarios. A BBN was constructed to investigate the net primary productivity (NPP), crop production (CP), and wind protection and sand fixation (WPSF) of Horqin Sandy Land in 2025 under uncertain land use to identify the short board areas of various services. The following results were obtained from the analysis. (1) The land use pattern of Horqin Sandy Land in 2025 under the HT scenario will be dominated by cultivated land expansion and grassland reduction. Under the NP scenario, forest will increase, and unused land and grassland will decrease considerably. Under the WS scenario, cultivated land will still maintain a similar growth state, but the difference is that forest and grassland will significantly increase. (2) NPP had the highest probability of being the Highest and the lowest probability of being Low, whereas CP and WPSF obtained the highest probability of being Medium and the lowest probability of being Higher. (3) Tuquan County and Wengniute Banner with a high probability of providing few ecosystem services should be regarded as key areas for ecological restoration. Kailu County and Horqin Left-wing Middle Banner can provide higher ecosystem services. The methodology adopted in this study establishes the connection between the land use probability surface and the optimized pattern of ecosystem services and can therefore be applied in areas where multi-objective comprehensive improvement of ecosystem services is expected.

Owing to the increasing demand of environmentally benign materials for the degradation of hazardous dyes, herein we are reporting two different synthesis approaches for the fabrication of iron loaded bentonite composites by modifying and activating bentonite surface with polydopamine (PDA) followed by pillaring with Fe3+ (Fe-PDA-bentonite) and Fe3O4 (Fe3O4-PDA-bentonite). Both the composites were assessed for their adsorption and degradation performance using crystal violet (CV), Rhodamine B and Brilliant blue dyes following adopting advanced oxidation process type Fenton reaction under variable energy sources (Sunlight, UV light and Ultrasonication), concentration of H2O2 and catalyst dosage. Under UV light irradiation, the composites achieved complete degradation of the dyes within 60 min and showed degradation rate constant of 30.5E-3-81.8E-3. Textural characterizations of the composites were achieved via XRD, FTIR, TGA, XPS, SEM-EDX, TEM, N2 adsorption, VSM and UV/Vis spectrophotometry. The adsorption data of CV over the two composites fitted well with Langmuir adsorption isotherm, exhibiting the maximum adsorption capacity of 862 mg/g and 1235 mg/g for Fe-PDA-bentonite and Fe3O4-PDA-bentonite composites respectively. LCMS analysis of the post degradation products revealed that both the composites followed different degradation pathways and Fe3O4-PDA-bentonite showed superior photocatalytic performance by accomplishing complete dye degradation without leaving any degradation products. FTIR analysis of the post-degradation composites confirmed their structural stability with negligible iron leaching. This study, accredited to its cost-effectiveness, ease of operation and high efficiency, provides useful reference information for the degradation of dyes on industrial level.

Decontamination of dye loaded water has become an issue of intensive interest on both, basic research and industrial scale. Herein, we report the fabrication of bentonite/APTMA and Fe3O4-bentonite/APTMA adsorbents via a facile synthesis route and commonly available raw materials. The structural and morphological characteristics of the synthesized adsorbents were studied by BET, XRD, FTIR, VSM, SEM, EDX and XPS techniques and were tested for their adsorption capacity for cationic Crystal violet (CV) and anionic Congo red (CR) dyes. Fe3O4-bentonite/APTMA exhibited BET surface area and pore volume of 27.8 m2/g and 0.012 cm3/g respectively and superior adsorption than bentonite/APTMA with maximum calculated adsorption capacity of 2286 and 1210 mg/g for CV and CR respectively. Behavior of both the adsorbents revealed the hydrophobic nature of bentonite/APTMA which could be attributed to its lower adsorption capacity as compared to super-hydrophilic Fe3O4-bentonite/APTMA. Effect of operating parameters like pH, adsorbent dosage, dye concentration and temperature were studied, and it was observed that the efficiency of adsorbents was further enhanced towards dye removal in the presence of heavy metal ions and in model wastewater which was attributed to the synergistic effect of metal ions during adsorption process. Adsorption process was endothermic with fast reaction kinetics suggesting the predominant occurrence of chemisorption. Adsorption mechanism was dominated by the occurrence of hydrogen bonding and the electrostatic interactions between adsorbent and dye molecules. This study can be of great industrial prospects for the remediation of CR and CV and other similar dyes and organic pollutants from wastewater both, in the presence as well as absence of heavy metals ions.

Obtaining whispering gallery mode (WGM) lasing with prominent stability and high quality optical cavities is extremely desirable but still a great challenge. Despite the recent surge of reports on microspheres, nanowires and nanoplatelets metal halide crystals, there has few reports on the morphology of Hemispheres (HSs) in the form of uniform, component-tunable microcrystals. Here, CsPbX3 (X = Cl/Br) HSs with smooth surface and regular geometry structure were synthesized on silicon substrates by chemical vapor deposition (CVD) method, and the wavelength of laser can be continuously tuned from blue to green (450–540 nm) at room temperature by varying the halide composition. WGM laser with polarization ratio of 0.70 and cavity quality factor Q of 2485 were realized in the CsPbBr3 HS cavity. Besides, the crystal cavity suggested a high photonic and thermal stability for the superb capability of continuous stable lasing output under ambient conditions. All these results illustrate that the synthesis of cesium lead halide perovskite HSs may provide an alternative solution for fundamental researches and applications in optical devices.

Antibiotic contamination poses serious ecological and human health threats. To control these impacts, an economical and novel three-dimensional (3D) heterogeneous sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) modified BiOBr/magnetic bentonite (SDS/BiOBr-MB) with enhanced photocatalytic activity against tetracycline (TC) and ciprofloxacin (CIP) was fabricated via constructing flower-like BiOBr blossomed in the layered MB via a facile and mild approach. Compared with bare BiOBr, BiOBr-MB and SDS/BiOBr-MB catalyst owing to the introduction of magnetic Fe3O4/bentonite (MB) and parterre like structure, exhibited enhanced photocatalytic degradation activity of TC (85%) and CIP (95%). pH 6–8 favored higher photodegradation of TC and CIP using SDS/BiOBr-MB as compared to acidic or alkaline conditions. SDS/BiOBr-MB remained highly stabile and active for five consecutive reuses. The enhanced photocatalytic performance of SDS/BiOBr-MB was attributed to the presence of SDS, the n-n heterojunction between BiOBr and Fe3O4, and the introduction of bentonite which constructed a platform dispersing the growth of BiOBr. Through the function of SDS, BiOBr with the micro-flower shape having good adsorption ability and dispersing effect was self-assembled from nano-sheet-shaped BiOBr under hydrothermal conditions. The n-n heterojunction between BiOBr and Fe3O4 enhanced the separation and transfer efficiency of photo-generated electron-hole pairs of SDS/BiOBr-MB. The permanent negative charge on the surface of bentonite exhibited the ability to capture photo-generated holes and thus reduced the combination of photo-generated carriers. This study could provide valuable reference for the fabrication of new ternary visible-light responsive catalysts for the photodegradation of antibiotics and other organic pollutants.

This study reports a facile fabrication route for hydroxyapatite (HAp) nanoparticles impregnated magnetic bentonite (HAp@Fe3O4@bentonite) composite, which was in turn applied for the removal of Pb(II), Cd(II) and crystal violet (CV) dye from aqueous solution. Adsorption isotherm data best fitted with Freundlich isotherm model and kinetic behavior adopted pseudo-second order adsorption mechanism attaining equilibrium in 60 min over a wide pH range (2.0–13). HAp@Fe3O4@bentonite was magnetically separable and realized higher adsorption capacity for Pb(II) (404.56 mg/g), Cd(II) (310.36 mg/g) and CV (1201.30 mg/g) than those of acid-treated bentonite (161.28, 155.7 and 740.14 mg/g, respectively). Similarly, the higher Langmuir maximum adsorption capacity exhibited by HAp@Fe3O4@bentonite for Pb(II), Cd(II) and CV (482, 309 and 1290 mg/g respectively) was attributed to –OH, NH2, PO43− surface functionalities. Fresh and spent adsorbents were characterized by Fourier transform infra-red (FTIR) spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), differential thermogravimetry, Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) surface area analysis, scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive X-ray analysis, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and vibrating-sample magnetometry techniques. HAp@Fe3O4@bentonite composite exhibited BET surface area of 73.72 m2/g, pore volume of 0.026 cm³/g and an average particle size of 81.39 nm. The composite remained active for five successive adsorption reuses with minimal loss in adsorption capacity as confirmed by FTIR and XRD analyses. The newly synthesized HAp@Fe3O4@bentonite composite possessing high adsorption efficiency for Pb(II), Cd(II) and CV can be envisaged as a promising solution for wastewater treatment.

The hotspot identification and interaction analyses of the provisioning of multiple ecosystem services (ESs) are basic prerequisites for sustainable ecosystem management. ESs and their interrelationships are determined by ecological processes over time and space. The high-value ES areas is crucial for regional land use management. However, most of hotspots identification are limited to a single point in time and/or in space. Here we proposed a framework for identifying a long-term stable supply area for multiple ESs, namely, an ES multifunctional area (ESMA) to recognize the region that can stably provide high-value ESs. Using Shaanxi Province as an example, four ESs, i.e., net primary productivity (NPP), soil conservation (SC), water yield (WY), and habitat quality (HQ), were quantified from 2000 to 2015 at a pixel scale of 1 km. Then, we identified ESMA in Shaanxi and explored the trade-offs and synergies among ESs within and outside ESMA. Results of the study provided the following conclusions: (1) With the exception of WY, ESs exhibit apparent spatial differentiation in areas bounded by the Qinling Mountains due to terrain and climate differences between the north and south of these mountains. (2) The ES supply areas of NPP accounted for 41.47% of the total area of Shaanxi Province. This finding indicates the NPP provision was relatively stable. (3) The ESMA of Shaanxi Province is largely situated in southern Shaanxi. The primary land use types of ESMA are forest and grassland, and the areas that provide NPP, HQ, and SC services are the largest among all service combinations. (4) The trade-offs and synergies of ESs are more stable in ESMA than those in non-ESMA. This study proposes to provide a long-term provision of multiple stable high-value ESs to a priority protected area, thereby offering support and services for the development of ecosystem differential spatial protection policies.

In this study, we designed the luminescent enhanced composites by combining upconversion nanoparticles (UCNPs) and photonic crystals (PCs), and prepared multi-mode coding patterns through utilizing the optical properties of both materials, respectively. We prepared UCNPs with different luminescence and the composite materials can be quickly obtained by spin-coating the UCNPs on the surface of the PCs. We discover that the composite materials have significant luminescent enhancement and the enhancement of upconversion is attributed to the Bragg reflection of the photonic band gap. We fabricated upconversion luminescent lattices based on the surface of the PCs by dropping and endowed with the meaning of the Morse code so that it can have more information in different modes. In addition, we further obtained the cipher table pattern according to the structural color of the PCs and the luminescence of the UCNPs. The results reveal great potential applications in the field of multi-mode optical imaging and anti-counterfeiting.

Eco-compensation is an important mechanism when applying the theory of ecosystem services to practical development, which translates the external and non-market value of the environment into real financial incentives for local actors. Scientifically formulating feasible and credible compensation standards is the most critical and key step to adjusting the benefits received by environment protectors and beneficiaries. The Inner Mongolia agro-pastoral zone is an important ecological area with an undeveloped economy in Northern China. The implementation of eco-compensation policies contributes to ecological restoration and poverty alleviation. Taking Horqin Left Back Banner, Inner Mongolia, China as a study case, a quantitative model of a non-point source pollution eco-compensation program was established by using emergy synthesis&mdash, a thermodynamics-based method in ecological economic systems&mdash, to create a comprehensive eco-compensation standard. The results showed that the eco-compensation amounts for non-point source pollution were generally below 10% of the regional gross domestic product (GDP). A 11&ndash, 20% reduction in fertilizer would be accepted according to the field investigation and the optimal eco-compensation strategy reduced the phosphate fertilizer application by 20% with a compensation standard of $379.63/ha/year, which was similar to the farmers&rsquo, willingness to accept compensation. For the accurate creation of a non-point source pollution eco-compensation program, the emergy synthesis overcomes the inconsistency in the quantification of the material flow, ecological flow, and economic flow, guaranteeing the sustainable implementation of non-point source pollution eco-compensation projects.

As location-based social network (LBSN) services become more popular in people’s lives, Point of Interest (POI) recommendation has become an important research topic.POI recommendation is to recommend places where users have not visited before. There are two problems in POI recommendation: sparsity and precision. Most users only check-in a few POIs in an LBSN. To tackle the sparse problem in a certain extent, we compute the similarity between the check-in datasets of different times. For the precision problem, we incorporate temporal information and geographical information. The temporal information will influence how the user chooses and allow the user to visit different distance point on different day. The geographical information is also used as a control for points which are too far away from the user’s check-in data. Our experimental results on real life LBSN datasets show that the proposed approach outperforms the other POI recommendation methods substantially.

Zn(II) adsorption from aqueous solution on alkaline Ca-bentonite (ACB) was studied using batch technique and compared with the adsorption onto raw bentonite (RB). The percentage of Zn(II) removal increased with increasing adsorbent dosage, contact time and pH. The optimum initial pH for Zn(II) removal by RB and ACB was 7.0 and 4.0–7.0, respectively. The adsorption data from both RB and ACB experiments could be well-described by the pseudo-second-order kinetic model. The experimental data for Zn(II) adsorption on RB could be described by the Langmuir and Freundlich isotherms while those on ACB could be fit well to the Langmuir isotherm. Langmuir monolayer adsorption capacity of ACB (149 mg g − 1 ) was found to be roughly two times greater than that of RB (73.5 mg g − 1 ). Therefore, ACB is more effective than RB for Zn(II) adsorption from aqueous solution with respect to short equilibrium time, high efficiency and broad pH range. The equilibrium data, SEM and XRD analyses indicate that ACB removes Zn(II) from aqueous solution mainly by surface precipitation, cation exchange and fixation. In summary, the study suggests that ACB is very suitable for potential applications in Zn(II) removal from aqueous solution.

The expression of toll-like receptor (TLR) 4 and associated downstream events, such as the activation of signal pathway proteins and inflammatory cytokine production, were down-regulated in the granulation tissues of postoperative mastoid cavity with otorrhea, possibly leading to endotoxin tolerance.The postoperative mastoid cavity is exposed to a high density and diversity of bacteria, but very little is known about how the immune environment is maintained in these regions with otorrhea. In this study, we investigated the changes in the TLR2 and TLR4 signaling pathways and inflammatory cytokine production in the granulation tissues of mastoid cavities with otorrhea and in normal auditory canal skin.We investigated the expression of TLR2 and TLR4, as well as downstream signal pathway proteins, nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-kappaB) DNA binding, and secretion of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) in 28 samples of granulation tissue obtained from the postoperative mastoid cavity with otorrhea and 10 normal external auditory canal skin samples.We found that the frequency of TLR2- and TLR4-positive cells was not increased in granulation tissues relative to normal skin, but the TLR4 mRNA and protein were down-regulated. In this pathophysiological process, there was also a lack of downstream signal pathway protein activation and secretion of TNF-alpha.

Pb(II) sorption from aqueous solution onto alkaline Ca-bentonite (ACB) was investigated based on XRD, SEM and equilibrium data. Pb(II) sorption from aqueous solution on ACB occurred mainly by surface adsorption and precipitation of Pb3(CO3)2(OH)2. Pb(II) sorption on ACB was quick. Pb(II) removal by ACB increased with pH and the optimum pH for Pb(II) removal was in the range 3.0–7.0. Thus, ACB is a good candidate for removing Pb(II) from aqueous solution.

“Invisible eavesdropping” in this paper means that some applications call the mobile phone's microphone module and gather the user's voice and transmit information illegally when the screen is locked or the users are playing games and completely unaware of the situation. Based on idea of “real-time monitoring” and “active protection”, a scheme was proposed in this paper using the access authority of mobile phone's microphone, network access, user trust and etc. This scheme implements the function of alarm and threat position in the open source Android mobile platform. Compared with the domestic and foreign products, the system has the following specific characteristics: (1) it can boot automatically and scan on the backstage without multiple settings after it installed and set up for the first time; (2) compared with some of the existing protection software, when the invisible eavesdropping happened, this application will alarm the users, but not just to protect the files in the phone; (3) the application can navigate to the specific risk of eavesdropping applications; (4) it need not the authority of “root” or to modify the kernel.

In 2010, the number of consumer payments increased nearly 9 percent from 2009 as economic activity began to rebound from the financial crisis and recession. Cash payments by consumers, which had increased sharply in 2009, did not fall back but rather grew another 3 percent in 2010. However, the share of cash payments, the dollar amount of cash withdrawals, and cash holdings by consumers decreased moderately in 2010. Credit card payments by consumers increased 15 percent, reversing more than half the 2009 decline, and the steady trend decline in paper check payments by consumers continued. Debit cards and cash continued to account for the two largest shares of consumer payments (31.1 and 28.6 percent, respectively), and consumer adoption of all types of prepaid cards (38.2 percent) increased notably in 2010. Mobile banking and mobile payments by consumers continued to show moderate increases through the end of 2010, consistent with early stages of technology adoption. The 2010 SCPC contains new results that may help researchers and policymakers identify potential indirect effects of Regulation II (Durbin Amendment) on consumers and may help to inform the Federal Reserve's new strategic plan for the payment system.

Adsorption of Zn(II) and Cu(II) from aqueous solution on alkaline Ca-bentonite (ACB) has been studied using batch technique. Experiments were carried out as a function of solution pH, dosage of ACB and contact time in single system. Langmuir isotherm model was selected to analyze the equilibrium data for Zn(II) and Cu(II) adsorption on ACB in single and binary systems. The results indicated that ACB had about 99% Zn(II) and Cu(II) adsorption over a wide pH range 4.0-7.0. Zn(II) and Cu(II) adsorption on ACB was quick and the adsorption efficiency reached nearly 70% within 5 min for both metals. Langmuir isotherm fit the data well in single system and the Langmuir monolayer adsorption capacities of Zn(II) and Cu(II) were 208 mg/g and 192 mg/g, respectively. In the binary system, the effect of mixture on ACB was found to be synergistic for Cu(II) but antagonistic for Zn(II). In conclusion, ACB is an effective adsorbent for Zn(II) and Cu(II) removal from aqueous solution.

To study the diagnostic value of high-resolution computed tomography (HRCT) and multiplanar reconstruction (MPR) in assessment of semicircular canals disease.Eighty-three patients were scanned with HRCT and the original data were processed with MPR. The semicircular canals full length was respectively observed in one image of MPR in the normal ears. The abnormal location of the canal were observed.In one image the full length of the horizontal, superior and posterior semicircular canal can be respectively displayed in one image of MPR in normal ears. By this way ,1 superior semicircular canal dehiscence (SSCD)was found in precaution group, 1 superior and 2 horizontal semicircular canal blocked, 1 vestibular aqueduct (VA) joined into superior semicircular canal and 2 VAs joined into posterior semicircular canal and abnormity of the three semicircular canals were found in SNHL.MPR canould display the three canals full length in one picture and have a high specificity in the diagnosis of the semicircular canal abnormity.

To investigate the expressions of nuclear factor-kappa B ligand (RANKL), receptor activator of nuclear factor-kappa B(RANK)and osteoprotegerin (OPG) and the relation of RANKL with bone- erosion in human cholesteatoma tissue.Thirty cholesteatoma and twenty normal auditory canal skin specimens were investigated. The expressions of RANKL, RANK and OPG were examined by immunohistochemistry.The overexpressions of the cytokine RANKL and RANK were found in infiltrated lymphocytes in the cholesteatoma tissue comparing with normal external meatal skin( t = 7. 758,6. 482, P0. 05); While, the expression of OPG was significantly higher in cholesteatoma tissue comparing with normal external meatal skin. the OPG/ RANKL was decreased in cholesteatoma tissue comparing with normal external meatal skin( t = 8. 183, P0. 05).This study revealed that the expressions level of RANKL and RANK were markedly increased in the perimatrix of cholesteatoma, which is closely related to the bone- erosion induced by cholesteatoma.

To observe the ossicular chain structure with maximum intensity projection (MIP) and to evaluate the diagnostic value of it in the destruction of ossicular chain in chronic otitis media (COM).Sixty-eight patients (136 ears) were scanned with HRCT. The original data was processed with MIP reconstruction technique. The images of the ossicular chain structure in normal ears were observed, while the images in suffering ears were compared with the findings in operation.In normal ears, the ossicular chain structure was shown clearly by MIP, which can also display three-dimensional images of the ossicular chain. In the suffering ears of chronic otitis media of cholesteatoma type, granuloma type and simple type, MIP displayed the destruction of ossicular chain in 39 ears, 5 ears and 0 ear respectively, which was observed in 39 ears, 6 ears and 0 ears respectively in operation.MIP technique in HRCT can display the ossicular chain spatial structure clearly, which is very helpful to evaluate the destruction of ossicular chain in chronic otitis media (COM) and to make accurate operation plan.

To explore the application of the temporalis myofacial flap(TMF) in the reconstruction of craniofacial oncologic defects.Ten cases with craniofacial neoplasms were treated surgically using TMF to reconstruct oncologic defects. TMF during 2000-2003. was used to reconstruct cranial base in 3 cases, oropharynx in 5 cases and orbital defects in 2 cases. TMF was designed according to size and locus of defect. The sizes of the flaps ranged from 3 cm x 4 cm to 8 cm x 10 cm.During follow-up of 8 to 50 months, there were no cases of flap loss, no cranial infection or cerebrospinal fluid leak in cranial base reconstructions, no speech or swallowing disturbance in oropharyx reconstruction. All patients were satisfied with appearance with orbital reconstruction.TMF is a useful and reliable flap for reconstruct the craniofacial oncologic defects.

To explore the surgical approach to the lesions of the cerebellopontine angle and the petroclival region.Nine cases of the cerebellopontine angle or petroclival large tumors and one case of the posterior cerebral thrombotic aneurysm were treated by the combined presigmoid supra-infratentorial approach. The tumors including 3 cases of schwannomas and 6 cases of meningiomas spaned supra-infratentorium in our study.Complete tumor removal were achieved in 6 cases, and subtotal tumor removal in 4 cases. After the operation, Cerebrospinal fluid leakage followed intracranial infection occurred in 1 case which losing follow-up. Headache and dizziness relieved in the other 9 cases. One case improved and 3 cases with no improvement after surgery among the 4 preoperative facial paralysis patients. Three cases with cerebellar symptoms were much relieved, but most deficits involving other cranial nerves preoperation did not recover. According to Samii's prognosis standard, 7 cases with good results and 1 case with common and 1 case with bad had been achieved. The hearing level had no influence in 5 cases, declined 20 dB HL in 2 cases, 30 dB HL in 1 case and 60 dB HL, in I case.The combined presigmoid supra-infratentorial approach is a direct route to the petroclival region and the cerebellopontine angle, provides a wide surgical field with less cerebellar or brain retraction, facilitates the removal of lesions and preserves the cranial nerves functions.