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Strains of the Mycobacterium avium intracellulare complex (MAIC) have become important colonisers of patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). Restriction fragment length polymorphisms were used to study the DNA from 88 MAIC isolates, including 51 derived from 47 AIDS patients. MAIC isolates from 33 of 45 AIDS patients were identical at the molecular level and distinct from the mycobacteria isolated from the stools of healthy subjects. The study also showed that serotyping correlates poorly with the genetic identity of these organisms. Mycobacterium paratuberculosis, which has been implicated in Crohn's disease, was not identified in any of the cultures studied. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article focuses on a behavioral intervention program related to diabetes care and self-management. In this program, through the use of computer-assisted and interactive video procedures, patient views and behaviors related to diabetes care and self-management are assessed. They are then immediately summarized on user-friendly feedback forms for both patients and providers. The interactive video is designed to present information compatible with patient's stage of dietary change and emphasizes on barriers to dietary self-management that the patient is most likely to encounter.

This article focuses on a study that compares rescue angioplasty with conservative therapy or repeat thrombolysis (REACT) trial for failed reperfusion in acute myocardial infarction (AMI). Up to 50% of patients with AMI fail to reperfuse adequately following thrombolysis. Treatment options for such patients are undetermined, with many patients receiving non-evidence-based percutaneous coronary intervention, while others receive heparin or re-treatment with thrombolytic only. REACT will be the first study to compare these therapies in failed reperfusion, which currently are inconsistently and empirically used.

Investigates whether vitamin, mineral and fatty acid supplements reduce antisocial behavior among young adults in prison. Design; Setting; Participants; Intervention; Main outcome measures; Evidence that participants receiving supplements were less likely to be reported for antisocial behavior than those who received placebo.

Background Venous thromboembolism ( VTE) is a significant contributor to morbidity and mortality in Australia. While there is well-established evidence for the use of VTE prophylaxis in hospital inpatients, adherence to such guidelines is poor. Aim The aim of the present study is to assess the impact of education and system change on improving rates of VTE prophylaxis in hospital inpatients. Methods We performed four consecutive audits of inpatient medical records of a regional hospital service over 2 years. The audits aimed to test the impact of serial interventions at increasing the appropriate use of VTE prophylaxis (based on risk assessment). The interventions were (i) staff education and (ii) a process change that mandated a prophylaxis decision by modifying the National Inpatient Medication Chart with ' VTE avoidance' preprinted in the first medication box. Results Our results from the baseline study showed that of the 236 medical inpatients reviewed, 80% were at high risk of VTE. Of this high-risk cohort, 34.9% (confidence interval ( CI) 28-42%) had appropriate prophylaxis decisions. Post the education intervention, 43.2% ( CI 37-49%) of the high-risk cohort received appropriate VTE prophylaxis, an improvement of 8.3% ( CI −1% to 18%) from baseline. With the subsequent introduction of a process change, 82.1% ( CI 66-92%) of the high-risk cohort received appropriate prophylaxis, an improvement of 47.2% and 38.8% ( CI 24-54%) when compared with baseline and education respectively. Retention rates at 11 months postsystem change were 73% ( CI 55-86%). Conclusions This study therefore concluded that while education has an impact on rates of appropriate VTE prophylaxis, it is system change that has the most marked and sustained effect. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: The objective of this study was to analyze whether maternal negative affectivity assessed in pregnancy is related with subsequent infant food choices.Design: The study design was a cohort study.Subjects: The subjects were mothers (N=37 919) and their infants participating in the Norwegian Mother and Child Cohort Study conducted by the Norwegian Institute of Public Health.Measurements: Maternal negative affectivity assessed prepartum (Hopkins Symptom Checklist 5 (SCL-5) at weeks 17 and 30 of pregnancy), introduction of solid foods by month 3 and feeding of sweet drinks by month 6 (by the reports of the mothers) were analyzed.Results: Mothers with higher negative affectivity were 64% more likely (95% confidence interval 1.5-1.8) to feed sweet drinks by month 6, and 79% more likely (95% confidence interval 1.6-2.0) to introduce solid foods by month 3. These odds decreased to 41 and 30%, respectively, after adjusting for mother's age, body mass index (BMI) and education.Conclusion: The maternal trait of negative affectivity is an independent predictor of infant feeding practices that may be related with childhood weight gain, overweight and obesity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents information related to inherited prion disease (IPD), which requires major healthcare input for identification and counselling of at-risk individuals as well as clinical care throughout a disease course. As reported, insight into disease aetiology is offered by twin studies by allowing a dissection of genetic from environmental factors. Also, a study of two twins who had a normal birth and early developmental milestones is discussed.

The SARS CoV-2 (COVID-19) pandemic presented unprecedented challenges as communities attempted to respond to the administration of a novel vaccine that faced cold chain logistical requirements and vaccine hesitancy among many, as well as complicated phased rollout plans that changed frequently as availability of the vaccine waxed and waned. The COVID-19 pandemic also disproportionately affected communities of color and communities with barriers to accessing healthcare. In the setting of these difficulties, a program was created specifically to address inequity in vaccine administration with a focus on communities of color and linguistic diversity as well as those who had technological barriers to online sign-up processes common at mass vaccination sites. This effort, the Mobile Vaccine Equity Enhancement Program (MVeeP), delivered over 12,000 vaccines in 24 months through a reproducible set of practices that can inform equity-driven vaccine efforts in future pandemics., Competing Interests: The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest., (Copyright © 2023 Broach, Brown, McEachern, Forget, Lancette, Soucie, Inzerillo, Klugman, Tosi, Haddad, Manor, Bylund, Dellostritto, Grecchi, Camelo, Shirshac, Eshghi, Vega, Hampson, Follwell, Gonzalez, Hicks, McCandless, VanStratten, Botros, Jalbert, Merwin, Schellhammer, Pelto, Rodriguez, LaPriore, Lowell, Radigan, Gull, Gruszecki, Benoit, Dickson and Muller.)