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Water shortage is a serious climatic factor that drastically limits rice productivity. Thereupon, the development of better adapting rice genotypes under water deficit stress is imperious to maintain rice yield to ensure food security worldwide. The current study focused on genetic variability of morpho-physiological traits of rice to discover relationships between morpho-physiological and yield contributing traits under drought stress conditions in 24 rice genotypes during 2019 and 2020 seasons. Results showed highly significant mean squares of combined analysis for treatments and environment of all studied traits under normal and drought stress conditions. Results reported that the earliest rice cultivars were Giza177 and Giza179; however, the highest yield and its components traits were detected for Giza179, followed by Giza178, Sakha101 and Sakha108 under normal and water deficit conditions; moreover, generally, PCV was higher than GCV for all studied traits. High heritability coupled with high genetic advance was noted for plant height and relative water content under normal and drought conditions, suggesting a preponderance of additive gene action in expressing these traits that could be improved by selection in early segregating generations. While, high heritability coupled with moderate genetic advance was noticed for duration, grain yield/plant and harvest index under both conditions. Giza179 and Giza178 showed the best values for drought tolerance and were produced from same genetic background. Moreover, grain yield/plant showed a highly significantly positive correlated with panicle length, number of panicles/plant, panicle weight and 100-grain weight under normal and water deficit conditions; moreover, these traits were the main components of grain yield, so any selection based on these traits may lead to enhancement in grain yield. As a result, Giza178 and Giza179 varieties can be introduced as donors in breeding programs to tolerate water shortages to improve morphological and yield characteristics.

Supplementary Materials and Methods

One-carbon (1C) metabolism has a key role in metabolic programming with both mitochondrial (m1C) and cytoplasmic (c1C) components. Here we show that activating transcription factor 4 (ATF4) exclusively activates gene expression involved in m1C, but not the c1C cycle in prostate cancer cells. This includes activation of methylenetetrahydrofolate dehydrogenase 2 (MTHFD2) expression, the central player in the m1C cycle. Consistent with the key role of m1C cycle in prostate cancer, MTHFD2 knockdown inhibited prostate cancer cell growth, prostatosphere formation, and growth of patient-derived xenograft organoids. In addition, therapeutic silencing of MTHFD2 by systemically administered nanoliposomal siRNA profoundly inhibited tumor growth in preclinical prostate cancer mouse models. Consistently, MTHFD2 expression is significantly increased in human prostate cancer, and a gene expression signature based on the m1C cycle has significant prognostic value. Furthermore, MTHFD2 expression is coordinately regulated by ATF4 and the oncoprotein c-MYC, which has been implicated in prostate cancer. These data suggest that the m1C cycle is essential for prostate cancer progression and may serve as a novel biomarker and therapeutic target.Significance:These findings demonstrate that the mitochondrial, but not cytoplasmic, one-carbon cycle has a key role in prostate cancer cell growth and survival and may serve as a biomarker and/or therapeutic target.

For lump and nanocobalt sulfate (CoSO4) in pure water, the affiliation and thermodynamic association characteristics were measured at 298.15, 303.15, 308.15, and 313.15 K. Based on the bulk and nano CoSO4 molar conductance, estimates were made for the parameters of the solvation, such as the activity coefficient, free energy of association, enthalpy of association, association constant, and entropy of association. We discussed about each of these solvation parameters. Two stoichiometric complexes were formed by the interaction of bulk and nano CoSO4.7H2O with fuchsin acid: 1:1 and 1:2 In the case of 1:1 (CoSO4.7H2O/fuchsin acid) compared to 1:2 (fuchsin acid in pure water as solvent), the complex Kf and ∆Gf are higher, indicating simpler complex formation. The temperature increase resulted in a drop in the formation constants. The complexation's negative ∆Gf values demonstrate that the process of complex synthesis was spontaneous and that the temperature improved the spontaneity. KEY WORDS: Molar conductance, Association constants, Fuchsin acid, Nano cobalt sulfate salt, Formation constant Bull. Chem. Soc. Ethiop. 2023, 37(3), 789-804. DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.4314/bcse.v37i3.20

Supplemental material, sj-docx-1-eae-10.1177_0958305X231159444 for CO2 hydrogenation over cubic yttrium oxide support: Effect of metal type by Radwa A. El-Salamony, Sara A. El-Sharaky, Seham A. Al-Temtamy, Ahmed M. Al-Sabagh, Hamada M. Killa and Said A. Said in Energy & Environment

Background: Scaphoid nonunion result in a predictable pattern of wrist arthrosis. To minimize the incidence of arthrosis, the goal of treatment should be consolidation of the fracture of the scaphoid in anatomic alignment. Aim of Study: To evaluate different means of treatment of scaphoid nonunion and evaluate its clinical results. Patients and Methods: This study was conducted at EL-Helmya Military Hospital and Kasr El-Ainy Hospital during the period from 2011 to 2016 on fifty patients diagnosed as non-united fracture scaphoid and operated upon by fixation and graft if needed, then followed-up for a period of at least 18 months. Patients were 49 male and one female with an average age of 23 years. All operative management and follow-up. Results: This study proved that operative treatment of scaphoid nonunion can be summarized as follows: Grade I,II,III according to Slade and Geissler`s classification can be treated by percutaneous or open fixation by Herbert screw even if the nonunion in prox. Pole. Grade IV/V/VI we have to open volarly for waist or dorsally for prox. Pole and fixation with bone graft from iliac crest or distal radius. Conclusion: This study proves that the goal of treatment of scaphoid nonunion should be consolidation of the fracture in anatomic alignment. scaphoidnonunions with severe collapse and humpback deformity must be approached volarly with interposition of an intercalary bone graft and internal fixation. A dorsal approach to proximal scaphoid nonunions allows immediate access for removing the necrotic bone from small proximal pole nonunions and internal fixation.

Background: Acute compartment syndrome of the leg may be a devastating complication of a tibial fracture. Metic-ulous and repeated examinations of the patient who has such a fracture are needed to ensure the diagnosis of acute com-partment syndrome (ACS). A.C.S. remains challenging in many patients although the "5 Ps" of compartment syndrome; pain, pallor, paralysis, pulselessness, and paresthesia. Aim of Study: To measure intra-compartmental pressure in different compartments in the lower leg in tibial fractures and to correlate it with common clinical findings found in acute compartment syndrome in trial to early detect acute compartment syndrome and to decrease its devastating com-plications and rate of fasciotomy. Patients and Methods: This study was conducted on 100 patients referred to the Emergency department having Tibial fracture predisposed to have acute compartment syndrome by measuring intra-compartmental pressure instrumentally using stryker intra-compartmental pressure monitoring system and correlated with clinical picture and detect the percentage of patients need fasciotomy. Results: The Stryker intra compartmental monitoring system (STIC catheter) has accuracy and easy to measure intra-compartmental pressure and helps us to early detect A.C.S. in the lower leg also to decrease rate of fasciotomy and complications but it is expensive and needs proper training to use it. Conclusion: The patient who undergoes fasciotomy re-quires a physical therapy program to regain function. Postop-erative care and rehabilitation are just as important as the procedure itself.

The environmental pollution of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) and antibiotic-resistant bacteria (ARB) is a growing public health concern. In the current study, de novo metagenomic assembly and bioinformatics analysis approaches were utilized to estimate the quantitative risk index of the environmental resistomes in wastewater influent (INF) and effluent (EFF) of a conventional wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) in Egypt. Furthermore, the risk indices of the local INF and EFF resistomes were compared to those calculated for the selected publicly available wastewater datasets from eight countries worldwide. Additionally, a classification framework prioritizing the public health hazard level of the discharged non-redundant highly mobilized ARGs was introduced. This integrative outline considered the estimated mobility potential percentage, host pathogenicity, and annotation category (perfect, strict, and loose) of the detected ARGs on their assembled contigs. Moreover, high-quality metagenome-assembled genomes (MAGs) were extracted and the putative genome bins with acquired ARGs were determined. The comprehensive resistome risk scores of the local WWTP showed that INF resistome had a slightly higher risk index (47.87) compared to the average score of the other examined counterparts (41.06). However, the estimated risk value of EFF resistome (26.80) was ranked within the global average (26.06) of the selected international WWTPs. Furthermore, the determination of the samples’ risk ranking showed that most of the effluent resistomes were clustered in a lower risk rank compared to the other selected samples for raw sewage, influent, and hospital wastewater, indicating the impact of the wastewater treatment process on reducing the ARG mobilization potential in downstream environments. The evaluation of the ARGs’ genetic context in their ARG-carrying contigs (ACCs) indicated that a total of 161/648 (25%) non-redundant ARGs were co-located with sequences of mobile genetic determinants on the same ACC in both the INF and EFF assemblies. These ARGs comprised the pan mobile resistome of the studied WWTP. Of them, 111 ARGs with a mobility potential percent (M%) less than 95% were grouped at the least risk level 5. The remaining 50 highly mobilized ARGs (M% ≥ 95%) were extracted and classified into four higher risk levels. Those of risk levels 1 and 2 (39 ARGs) represented the current ARG dissemination threats for further monitoring in downstream environments, where they were all carried by pathogenic hosts and annotated to the perfect and strict categories by the resistance gene identifier software (RGI). A total of 10 highly mobilized ARGs were assigned to risk rank 3, as they comprised the loose hits of the RGI analysis. Finally, the risk level 4 ARGs constituted genes that co-existed with the non-pathogenic sequence on the ACCs and were represented by one gene in the current analysis framework. The two previous categories constituted new highly mobilized ARGs of emergent threat to public health. On the other hand, a total of 35 and 118 MAGs were recovered from INF and EFF assembled metagenomes, respectively, using selection cutoff thresholds of a minimum completeness of 70% and a maximum contamination of 10%. While none of the INF MAGs carried any acquired ARGs, six EFF genome bins (5%) were associated with ten acquired ARGs, as indicated by the ResFinder software. These results suggest that potential horizontal gene transfer (HGT) events have evolved among the community members of the studied EFF samples.