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101. Alcohol Problems Measure

Author

Richards, Dylan K., primary, Pearson, Matthew R., additional, Hallgren, Kevin A., additional, Heather, Nick, additional, and Witkiewitz, Katie, additional

Published
2021
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106. Carboxylase overexpression effects full carboxylation but poor release and secretion of factor IX: implications for the release of vitamin K-dependent proteins

Author

Hallgren, Kevin W., Hommema, Eric L., McNally, Beth A., and Berkner, Kathleen L.

Subjects
Biochemistry -- Research, Gene expression -- Physiological aspects, Secretion -- Genetic aspects, Vitamin K -- Physiological aspects, Proteins -- Physiological aspects, Cells -- Genetic aspects, Cells -- Physiological aspects, Biological sciences, Chemistry
Abstract

Research has been conducted on vitamin K-dependent proteins modified by vitamin K-dependent carboxylase. The secretion of these proteins and the intracellular events occurring during recombinant-factor IX carboxylation in cell lines which express recombinant-factor IX have been investigated and the results demonstrate that recombinant-carboxylase is functional for recombinant-factor IX carboxylation.

Published
2002

110. Can Alcohol Use Disorder Recovery Include Some Heavy Drinking? A Replication and Extension up to 9 Years Following Treatment

Author

Witkiewitz, Katie, primary, Pearson, Matthew R., additional, Wilson, Adam D., additional, Stein, Elena R., additional, Votaw, Victoria R., additional, Hallgren, Kevin A., additional, Maisto, Stephen A., additional, Swan, Julia E., additional, Schwebel, Frank J., additional, Aldridge, Arnie, additional, Zarkin, Gary A., additional, and Tucker, Jalie A., additional

Published
2020
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112. Can Individuals with Alcohol Use Disorder Achieve and Sustain Non-Abstinent Recovery? Non-Abstinent Outcomes 10 Years After Alcohol Use Disorder Treatment

Author

Witkiewitz, Katie, primary, Wilson, Adam, additional, Roos, Corey R, additional, Swan, Julia, additional, Votaw, Victoria, additional, Stein, Elena, additional, Pearson, Matthew, additional, Edwards, Karlyn, additional, Tonigan, J Scott, additional, Hallgren, Kevin, additional, Montes, Kevin, additional, Maisto, Stephen, additional, and Tucker, Jalie, additional

Published
2020
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114. Can Individuals With Alcohol Use Disorder Sustain Non-abstinent Recovery? Non-abstinent Outcomes 10 Years After Alcohol Use Disorder Treatment.

Author

Witkiewitz, Katie, Wilson, Adam D., Roos, Corey R., Swan, Julia E., Votaw, Victoria R., Stein, Elena R., Pearson, Matthew R., Edwards, Karlyn A., Tonigan, Jeffrey Scott, Hallgren, Kevin A., Montes, Kevin S., Maisto, Stephen A., and Tucker, Jalie A.

Abstract

Objective: Four decades ago, the "controlled drinking" controversy roiled the alcohol field. Data have subsequently accumulated indicating that nonabstinent alcohol use disorder (AUD) recovery is achievable, but questions remain whether it is sustainable long-term. This study examined whether nonabstinent recovery at 3 years after AUD treatment is associated with better functioning at 10 years after treatment. Methods: Data were from the 10-year follow-up of Project MATCH (New Mexico site only, n=146; 30.1% female, 58.6% non-White). Recovery was defined by latent profile analyses based on psychosocial functioning and alcohol consumption 3 years after treatment. Drinking practices and consequences, depression, purpose in life, and anger were assessed 10 years after treatment. Distal outcome analyses examined differences in drinking and functional outcomes at 10 years as a function of the 3-year latent profiles. Analyses were preregistered at https://osf.io/3hbxr. Results: Four latent profiles identified at 3 years after treatment (ie, low functioning frequent heavy drinkers, low functioning infrequent heavy drinkers, high functioning heavy drinkers, and high functioning infrequent nonheavy drinkers) were significantly associated with outcomes 10 years after treatment. The 2 high functioning profiles at 3 years had the highest level of psychological functioning at 10 years posttreatment, regardless of alcohol consumption level. Abstinence at 3 years did not predict better psychological functioning at 10 years. Conclusions: Nonabstinent AUD recovery is possible and is sustainable for up to 10 years after treatment. The current findings align with recent proposals to move beyond relying on alcohol consumption as a central defining feature of AUD recovery. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2021
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126. Implementing Illness Management and Recovery Within Assertive Community Treatment: A Pilot Trial of Feasibility and Effectiveness

Author

Monroe-DeVita, Maria, primary, Morse, Gary, additional, Mueser, Kim T., additional, McHugo, Gregory J., additional, Xie, Haiyi, additional, Hallgren, Kevin A., additional, Peterson, Roselyn, additional, Miller, Joris, additional, Akiba, Christopher, additional, York, Mary, additional, Gingerich, Susan, additional, and Stiles, Bryan, additional

Published
2018
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129. r-VKORC1 expression in factor IX BHK cells increases the extent of factor IX carboxylation but is limited by saturation of another carboxylation component or by a shift in the rate-limiting step

Author

Hallgren, Kevin W., Qian, Wen, Yakubenko, Anna V., Runge, Kurt W., and Berkner, Kathleen L.

Subjects
Gene expression -- Research, Vitamin K -- Research, Oxidoreductases -- Genetic aspects, Biological sciences, Chemistry
Abstract

Vitamin K-dependent (VKD) protein carboxylation is inefficient in mammalian cells and an approach that directly measures the extent of intracellular VKD protein carboxylation was developed to understand the reason carboxylation becomes saturated. The results indicated that the effect of vitamin K oxidoreductase overexpression is limited in vivo, because a carboxylation component like the redox protein becomes saturated or another step is now rate-limiting.

Published
2006

131. Temporal Stability of Heavy Drinking Days and Drinking Reductions Among Heavy Drinkers in the COMBINE Study

Author

Witkiewitz, Katie, primary, Wilson, Adam D., additional, Pearson, Matthew R., additional, Hallgren, Kevin A., additional, Falk, Daniel E., additional, Litten, Raye Z., additional, Kranzler, Henry R., additional, Mann, Karl F., additional, Hasin, Deborah S., additional, O'Malley, Stephanie S., additional, and Anton, Raymond F., additional

Published
2017
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134. How Much Is Too Much? Patterns of Drinking During Alcohol Treatment and Associations With Post-Treatment Outcomes Across Three Alcohol Clinical Trials

Author

Witkiewitz, Katie, primary, Roos, Corey R., additional, Pearson, Matthew R., additional, Hallgren, Kevin A., additional, Maisto, Stephen A., additional, Kirouac, Megan, additional, Forcehimes, Alyssa A., additional, Wilson, Adam D., additional, Robinson, Charles S., additional, McCallion, Elizabeth, additional, Tonigan, J. Scott, additional, and Heather, Nick, additional

Published
2017
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138. Profiles of recovery from alcohol use disorder at three years following treatment: can the definition of recovery be extended to include high functioning heavy drinkers?

Author

Witkiewitz, Katie, Wilson, Adam D., Pearson, Matthew R., Montes, Kevin S., Kirouac, Megan, Roos, Corey R., Hallgren, Kevin A., and Maisto, Stephen A.

Subjects
ALCOHOL drinking, ALCOHOL-induced disorders, BINGE drinking, PSYCHOLOGICAL adaptation, ALCOHOLISM, CONVALESCENCE, EMPLOYMENT, OUTPATIENT services in hospitals, MENTAL health, SATISFACTION, SELF-efficacy, SOCIAL skills, UNEMPLOYMENT, SEVERITY of illness index, DIAGNOSIS
Abstract

Background and Aims: Recovery from alcohol use disorder (AUD) is often narrowly defined by abstinence from alcohol and improvements in functioning (e.g. mental health, social functioning, employment). This study used latent profile analysis to examine variability in recovery outcomes, defined by alcohol use, alcohol‐related problems and psychosocial functioning at 3 years following treatment. Secondary analysis investigated pre‐treatment, post‐treatment and 1‐ and 3‐year post‐treatment covariate predictors of the latent profiles. Design Secondary analysis of data from a randomized clinical trial. Setting: United States. Participants: We used data from the out‐patient arm of Project MATCH (n = 806; 29.7% female, 22.2% non‐white). Measurements Recovery was defined by latent profile analyses including measures of psychosocial functioning and life satisfaction (Psychosocial Functioning Inventory), unemployment and mental health (Addiction Severity Index), alcohol and other drug use (Form 90) and alcohol‐related consequences (Drinker Inventory of Consequences) 3 years following treatment. Mixture modeling was used to examine correlates of profiles. Findings We identified four profiles at 3 years following treatment: (1) poor functioning frequent heavy drinkers, (2) poor functioning infrequent heavy drinkers, (3) high functioning occasional heavy drinkers and (4) high‐functioning infrequent non‐heavy drinkers. There were relatively few differences on indicators of functioning and treatment‐related variables between the high functioning infrequent non‐heavy drinkers and the high‐functioning occasional heavy drinkers, other than high‐functioning occasional heavy drinkers having lower alcohol dependence severity [odds ratio (OR) = 0.94, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.90, 0.98], fewer post‐treatment coping skills (OR = 0.54, 95% CI = 0.32, 0.90) and lower 3‐year post‐treatment abstinence self‐efficacy (OR = 0.37, 95% CI = 0.28, 0.49) and Alcoholics Anonymous (AA) involvement (OR = 0.87, 95% CI = 0.85, 0.99). The two high‐functioning profiles showed the greatest improvements in functioning from baseline through the 3‐year follow‐up, whereas the low‐functioning profiles showed the least amount of improvement. High‐functioning occasional heavy drinkers had higher purpose in life than the poor‐functioning profiles. Conclusions: Some individuals who engage in heavy drinking following treatment for alcohol use disorder may function as well as those who are mostly abstinent with respect to psychosocial functioning, employment, life satisfaction and mental health. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2019
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139. “Sign Me Up”: a qualitative study of video observed therapy (VOT) for patients receiving expedited methadone take-homes during the COVID-19 pandemic

Author

Darnton, James B., Bhatraju, Elenore P., Beima-Sofie, Kristin, Michaels, Alyssa, Hallgren, Kevin A., Soth, Sean, Grekin, Paul, Woolworth, Steve, and Tsui, Judith I.

Abstract

Background: Federal and state regulations require frequent direct observation of methadone ingestion at an Opioid Treatment Program (OTP)—a requirement that creates barriers to patient access. Video observed therapy (VOT) may help to address public health and safety concerns of providing take-home medications while simultaneously reducing barriers to treatment access and long-term retention. Evaluating user experiences with VOT is important for understanding the acceptability of this strategy. Methods: We conducted a qualitative evaluation of a clinical pilot program of VOT via smartphone that was rapidly implemented between April and August 2020 during the COVID-19 pandemic within three opioid treatment programs. In the program, selected patients submitted video recordings of themselves ingesting methadone take-home doses, which were asynchronously reviewed by their counselor. We recruited participating patients and counselors for semi-structured, individual interviews to explore their VOT experiences after program completion. Interviews were audio recorded and transcribed. Transcripts were analyzed using thematic analysis to identify key factors influencing acceptability and the effect of VOT on the treatment experience. Results: We interviewed 12 of the 60 patients who participated in the clinical pilot and 3 of the 5 counselors. Overall, patients were enthusiastic about VOT, noting multiple benefits over traditional treatment experiences, including avoiding frequent travel to the clinic. Some noted how this allowed them to better meet recovery goals by avoiding a potentially triggering environment. Most appreciated having increased time to devote to other life priorities, including maintaining consistent employment. Participants described how VOT increased their autonomy, allowed them to keep treatment private, and normalized treatment to align with other medications that do not require in-person dosing. Participants did not describe major usability issues or privacy concerns with submitting videos. Some participants reported feeling disconnected from counselors while others felt more connected. Counselors felt some discomfort in their new role confirming medication ingestion but saw VOT as a useful tool for select patients. Conclusions: VOT may be an acceptable tool to achieve equipoise between lowering barriers to treatment with methadone and protecting the health and safety of patients and their communities.

Published
2023
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140. Treating opioid use disorder in veterans with co-occurring substance use: a qualitative study with buprenorphine providers in primary care, mental health, and pain settings

Author

Frost, Madeline C., Soyer, Elena M., Achtmeyer, Carol E., Hawkins, Eric J., Glass, Joseph E., Hallgren, Kevin A., and Williams, Emily C.

Abstract

Background: Most people with opioid use disorder (OUD) have co-occurring substance use, which is associated with lower receipt of OUD medications (MOUD). Expanding MOUD provision and care linkage outside of substance use disorder (SUD) specialty settings is a key strategy to increase access. Therefore, it is important to understand how MOUD providers in these settings approach care for patients with co-occurring substance use. This qualitative study of Veterans Health Administration (VA) clinicians providing buprenorphine care in primary care, mental health, and pain settings aimed to understand (1) their approach to addressing OUD in patients with co-occurring substance use, (2) perspectives on barriers/facilitators to MOUD receipt for this population, and (3) support needed to increase MOUD receipt for this population. Methods: We interviewed a purposive sample of 27 clinicians (12 primary care, 7 mental health, 4 pain, 4 pharmacists) in the VA northwest network. The interview guide assessed domains of the Tailored Implementation for Chronic Diseases Checklist. Interviews were transcribed and qualitatively analyzed using inductive content analysis. Results: Participants reported varied approaches to identifying co-occurring substance use and addressing OUD in this patient population. Although they reported that this topic was not clearly addressed in clinical guidelines or training, participants generally felt that patients with co-occurring substance use should receive MOUD. Some viewed their primary role as providing this care, others as facilitating linkage to OUD care in SUD specialty settings. Participants reported multiple barriers and facilitators to providing buprenorphine care to patients with co-occurring substance use and linking them to SUD specialty care, including provider, patient, organizational, and external factors. Conclusions: Efforts are needed to support clinicians outside of SUD specialty settings in providing buprenorphine care to patients with co-occurring substance use. These could include clearer guidelines and policies, more specific training, and increased care integration or cross-disciplinary collaboration. Simultaneously, efforts are needed to improve linkage to specialty SUD care for patients who would benefit from and are willing to receive this care, which could include increased service availability and improved referral/hand-off processes. These efforts may increase MOUD receipt and improve OUD care quality for patients with co-occurring substance use.

Published
2023
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143. Proceedings of the 3rd Biennial Conference of the Society for Implementation Research Collaboration (SIRC) 2015: advancing efficient methodologies through community partnerships and team science

Author

Lewis, Cara, primary, Darnell, Doyanne, additional, Kerns, Suzanne, additional, Monroe-DeVita, Maria, additional, Landes, Sara J., additional, Lyon, Aaron R., additional, Stanick, Cameo, additional, Dorsey, Shannon, additional, Locke, Jill, additional, Marriott, Brigid, additional, Puspitasari, Ajeng, additional, Dorsey, Caitlin, additional, Hendricks, Karin, additional, Pierson, Andria, additional, Fizur, Phil, additional, Comtois, Katherine A., additional, Palinkas, Lawrence A., additional, Chamberlain, Patricia, additional, Aarons, Gregory A., additional, Green, Amy E., additional, Ehrhart, Mark. G., additional, Trott, Elise M., additional, Willging, Cathleen E., additional, Fernandez, Maria E., additional, Woolf, Nicholas H., additional, Liang, Shuting Lily, additional, Heredia, Natalia I., additional, Kegler, Michelle, additional, Risendal, Betsy, additional, Dwyer, Andrea, additional, Young, Vicki, additional, Campbell, Dayna, additional, Carvalho, Michelle, additional, Kellar-Guenther, Yvonne, additional, Damschroder, Laura J., additional, Lowery, Julie C., additional, Ono, Sarah S., additional, Carlson, Kathleen F., additional, Cottrell, Erika K., additional, O’Neil, Maya E., additional, Lovejoy, Travis L., additional, Arch, Joanna J., additional, Mitchell, Jill L., additional, Lewis, Cara C., additional, Marriott, Brigid R., additional, Scott, Kelli, additional, Coldiron, Jennifer Schurer, additional, Bruns, Eric J., additional, Hook, Alyssa N., additional, Graham, Benjamin C., additional, Jordan, Katelin, additional, Hanson, Rochelle F., additional, Moreland, Angela, additional, Saunders, Benjamin E., additional, Resnick, Heidi S., additional, Stirman, Shannon Wiltsey, additional, Gutner, Cassidy A., additional, Gamarra, Jennifer, additional, Vogt, Dawne, additional, Suvak, Michael, additional, Wachen, Jennifer Schuster, additional, Dondanville, Katherine, additional, Yarvis, Jeffrey S., additional, Mintz, Jim, additional, Peterson, Alan L., additional, Borah, Elisa V., additional, Litz, Brett T., additional, Molino, Alma, additional, McCaughan, Stacey Young, additional, Resick, Patricia A., additional, Pandhi, Nancy, additional, Jacobson, Nora, additional, Serrano, Neftali, additional, Hernandez, Armando, additional, Schreiter, Elizabeth Zeidler-, additional, Wietfeldt, Natalie, additional, Karp, Zaher, additional, Pullmann, Michael D., additional, Lucenko, Barbara, additional, Pavelle, Bridget, additional, Uomoto, Jacqueline A., additional, Negrete, Andrea, additional, Cevasco, Molly, additional, Kerns, Suzanne E. U., additional, Franks, Robert P., additional, Bory, Christopher, additional, Miech, Edward J., additional, Damush, Teresa M., additional, Satterfield, Jason, additional, Satre, Derek, additional, Wamsley, Maria, additional, Yuan, Patrick, additional, O’Sullivan, Patricia, additional, Best, Helen, additional, Velasquez, Susan, additional, Barnett, Miya, additional, Brookman-Frazee, Lauren, additional, Regan, Jennifer, additional, Stadnick, Nicole, additional, Hamilton, Alison, additional, Lau, Anna, additional, Roesch, Scott, additional, Powell, Byron J., additional, Waltz, Thomas J., additional, Chinman, Matthew J., additional, Damschroder, Laura, additional, Smith, Jeffrey L., additional, Matthieu, Monica M., additional, Proctor, Enola K., additional, Kirchner, JoAnn E., additional, Matthieu, Monica J., additional, Rosen, Craig S., additional, Walker, Sarah C., additional, Bishop, Asia S., additional, Lockhart, Mariko, additional, Rodriguez, Allison L., additional, Manfredi, Luisa, additional, Nevedal, Andrea, additional, Rosenthal, Joel, additional, Blonigen, Daniel M., additional, Mauricio, Anne M., additional, Dishion, Thomas D., additional, Rudo-Stern, Jenna, additional, Smith, Justin D., additional, Wolk, Courtney Benjamin, additional, Harker, Colleen, additional, Olsen, Anne, additional, Shingledecker, Travis, additional, Barg, Frances, additional, Mandell, David, additional, Beidas, Rinad S., additional, Hansen, Marissa C., additional, Aranda, Maria P., additional, Torres-Vigil, Isabel, additional, Hartzler, Bryan, additional, Steinfeld, Bradley, additional, Gildred, Tory, additional, Harlin, Zandrea, additional, Shephard, Fredric, additional, Ditty, Matthew S., additional, Doyle, Andrea, additional, Bickel, John A., additional, Cristaudo, Katharine, additional, Fox, Dan, additional, Combs, Sonia, additional, Lischner, David H., additional, Van Dorn, Richard A., additional, Tueller, Stephen J., additional, Hinde, Jesse M., additional, Karuntzos, Georgia T., additional, Peterson, Roselyn, additional, Berliner, Lucy, additional, Murray, Laura K., additional, Botanov, Yevgeny, additional, Kikuta, Beverly, additional, Chen, Tianying, additional, Navarro-Haro, Marivi, additional, DuBose, Anthony, additional, Korslund, Kathryn E., additional, Linehan, Marsha M., additional, Harker, Colleen M., additional, Karp, Elizabeth A., additional, Edmunds, Sarah R., additional, Ibañez, Lisa V., additional, Stone, Wendy L., additional, Andrews, Jack H., additional, Johnides, Benjamin D., additional, Hausman, Estee M., additional, Hawley, Kristin M., additional, Prusaczyk, Beth, additional, Ramsey, Alex, additional, Baumann, Ana, additional, Colditz, Graham, additional, Choy-Brown, Mimi, additional, Meza, Rosemary D., additional, Wiltsey-Stirman, Shannon, additional, Sedlar, Georganna, additional, Lucid, Leah, additional, Zounlome, Nelson, additional, Lewis, Cara, additional, Monson, Candice M., additional, Shields, Norman, additional, Mastlej, Marta, additional, Landy, Meredith SH, additional, Lane, Jeanine, additional, Finn, Natalie K., additional, Torres, Elisa M., additional, Malte, Carol A., additional, Lott, Aline, additional, Saxon, Andrew J., additional, Boyd, Meredith, additional, Pierce, Jennifer D., additional, Lorthios-Guilledroit, Agathe, additional, Richard, Lucie, additional, Filiatrault, Johanne, additional, Hallgren, Kevin, additional, Crotwell, Shirley, additional, Muñoz, Rosa, additional, Gius, Becky, additional, Ladd, Benjamin, additional, McCrady, Barbara, additional, Epstein, Elizabeth, additional, Clapp, John D., additional, Ruderman, Danielle E., additional, Barwick, Melanie, additional, Barac, Raluca, additional, Zlotkin, Stanley, additional, Salim, Laila, additional, Davidson, Marnie, additional, Bunger, Alicia C., additional, Robertson, Hillary A., additional, Botsko, Christopher, additional, Smith, Brandy N., additional, Trent, Lindsay R., additional, Harned, Melanie S., additional, Ivanoff, André, additional, Garcia, Antonio R., additional, Kim, Minseop, additional, Snowden, Lonnie, additional, Landsverk, John, additional, Sweetland, Annika C., additional, Fernandes, Maria Jose, additional, Santos, Edilson, additional, Duarte, Cristiane, additional, Kritski, Afrânio, additional, Krawczyk, Noa, additional, Nelligan, Caitlin, additional, Wainberg, Milton L., additional, Sommerfeld, David H., additional, Chi, Benjamin, additional, Ezeanolue, Echezona, additional, Sturke, Rachel, additional, Kline, Lydia, additional, Guay, Laura, additional, Siberry, George, additional, Bennett, Ian M., additional, Beidas, Rinad, additional, Gold, Rachel, additional, Mao, Johnny, additional, Powers, Diane, additional, Vredevoogd, Mindy, additional, Unutzer, Jurgen, additional, Schroeder, Jennifer, additional, Volpe, Lane, additional, Steffen, Julie, additional, Pullmann, Michael D, additional, Jungbluth, Nathaniel, additional, Thompson, Kelly, additional, Segell, Eliza, additional, McGee-Vincent, Pearl, additional, Liu, Nancy, additional, Walser, Robyn, additional, Runnals, Jennifer, additional, Shaw, R. Keith, additional, Rosen, Craig, additional, Schmidt, Janet, additional, Calhoun, Patrick, additional, Varkovitzky, Ruth L., additional, Drahota, Amy, additional, Martinez, Jonathan I., additional, Brikho, Brigitte, additional, Meza, Rosemary, additional, Stahmer, Aubyn C., additional, Williamson, Anna, additional, Rubin, Ronnie M., additional, Hurford, Matthew O., additional, Weaver, Shawna L., additional, Mandell, David S., additional, Evans, Arthur C., additional, Stewart, Rebecca E., additional, Matlin, Samantha L., additional, Weaver, Shawna, additional, Hadley, Trevor R., additional, Gerke, Donald R., additional, Lewis, Ericka M., additional, McWilliam, Jenna, additional, Brown, Jacquie, additional, Tucker, Michelle, additional, Conte, Kathleen P, additional, Melvin, Abigail, additional, Liu, Freda, additional, Kotte, Amelia, additional, Hill, Kaitlin A., additional, Mah, Albert C., additional, Korathu-Larson, Priya A., additional, Au, Janelle R., additional, Izmirian, Sonia, additional, Keir, Scott, additional, Nakamura, Brad J., additional, Higa-McMillan, Charmaine K., additional, Cooper, Brittany Rhoades, additional, Funaiole, Angie, additional, Dizon, Eleanor, additional, Hawkins, Eric J., additional, Hagedorn, Hildi J., additional, Berger, Douglas, additional, Frank, Anissa, additional, Achtmeyer, Carol E., additional, Mariano, Anthony J., additional, Wolitzky-Taylor, Kate, additional, Rawson, Richard, additional, Ries, Richard, additional, Roy-Byrne, Peter, additional, Craske, Michelle, additional, Simmons, Dena, additional, Torrente, Catalina, additional, Nathanson, Lori, additional, Carroll, Grace, additional, Brown, Kimbree, additional, Ramos, Karina, additional, Thornton, Nicole, additional, Dishion, Thomas J., additional, Stormshak, Elizabeth A., additional, Shaw, Daniel S., additional, Wilson, Melvin N., additional, Tiderington, Emmy, additional, Smith, Bikki Tran, additional, Padgett, Deborah K., additional, Ray, Marilyn L., additional, Wandersman, Abraham, additional, Lamont, Andrea, additional, Hannah, Gordon, additional, Alia, Kassandra A., additional, Saldana, Lisa, additional, Schaper, Holle, additional, Campbell, Mark, additional, Shapiro, Valerie B., additional, Kim, B.K. Elizabeth, additional, Fleming, Jennifer L., additional, LeBuffe, Paul A., additional, Comtois, Katherine Anne, additional, Weiner, Bryan J., additional, and Halko, Heather, additional

Published
2016
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148. Use of Manifest Injustice in the Washington State Juvenile Rehabilitation Administration.

Author

Sussman, Nicole I., Lee, Terry G., and Hallgren, Kevin A.

Subjects
AFRICAN American youth
Abstract

In the Washington State Juvenile Code, the Manifest Injustice (MI) provision allows judges to sentence youth outside of the standard guidelines. We compared rates of Juvenile Rehabilitation Administration (JRA) involvement and MI between racial minority youth and Caucasian youth. Although not statistically significant, there was a trend toward African American and multiracial youth having MI used to decrease their sentence less frequently than Caucasian youth. African American youth were about half as likely to have MI used to intensify their sentence compared with Caucasian youth (rate ratio = .49, p = .002), whereas multiracial youth were 42 percent less likely (rate ratio = .58, p = .04). More African American youth reside in urban and liberal parts of the state where judges may be more progressive and less likely to use MI to intensify sentences. More diversion programs targeting minority youth exist in urban areas of Washington, and more African American youth are transferred to adult court; both reduce the likelihood of minority youth receiving MI. Judges in rural areas of the state, which have fewer treatment resources, may be using MI to access services only available to court-involved youth. It is imperative that community behavioral health services are available so that youth and families can be justly served. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2019
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