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103. Methane and nitrous oxide emissions during biochar‐composting are driven by biochar application rate and aggregate formation.

Author

Harrison, Brendan P., Gao, Si, Thao, Touyee, Gonzales, Melinda L., Williams, Kennedy L., Scott, Natalie, Hale, Lauren, Ghezzehei, Teamrat, Diaz, Gerardo, and Ryals, Rebecca A.

Subjects
BIOCHAR, NITROUS oxide, GREENHOUSE gases, ANAEROBIC reactors, METHANE, CLIMATE change mitigation, GREENHOUSE gas mitigation
Abstract

Manure is a leading source of methane (CH4), nitrous oxide (N2O), and ammonia (NH3) emissions, and alternative manure management practices can help society meet climate goals and mitigate air pollution. Recent studies show that biochar‐composting can substantially reduce emissions from manure. However, most studies test only one type of biochar applied at a single application rate, leading to high variation in emission reductions between studies. Here, we measured greenhouse gas and NH3 emissions during biochar‐composting of dairy manure with biochar applied at 5% or 20%, by mass, and made from walnut shells, almond shells, or almond clippings. We found little difference in emissions between biochar type. However, we found that the 20% application rates increased CH4 emissions and decreased N2O and NH3 emissions, resulting in a net reduction in global warming potential (GWP). We attribute this result to biochar increasing the formation of compost aggregates, which likely acted as anaerobic reactors for methanogenesis and complete denitrification. Biochar may have further fueled CH4 production and N2O consumption by acting as an electron shuttle within aggregates. We recommend lower application rates, as we found that the 5% treatments in our study led to a similar reduction in GWP without increasing CH4 emissions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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104. Contributors

Author

Allen, Sarah F., primary, Arora, Teresa, additional, Ashare, Rebecca, additional, Barger, Laura K., additional, Baron, Kelly Glazer, additional, Bartel, Kate, additional, Basner, Mathias, additional, Berger, Aaron T., additional, Billings, Martha E., additional, Blanc, Judite, additional, Buxton, Orfeu M., additional, Carskadon, Mary A., additional, Chakravorty, Subhajit, additional, Chang, Anne-Marie, additional, Chaudhary, Ninad S., additional, Chung, Alicia, additional, Culnan, Elizabeth, additional, Dollish, Hannah K., additional, Donley, Tiffany, additional, Ellis, Jason G., additional, Fernandez, Fabian, additional, Fernandez-Mendoza, Julio, additional, Garland, Sheila N., additional, Gaston, Symielle A., additional, Gooneratne, Nalaka S., additional, Grandner, Michael A., additional, Grey, Ian, additional, Gurubhagavatula, Indira, additional, Hale, Lauren, additional, He, Sean, additional, Jackson, Chandra L., additional, James, Sarah, additional, Javaheri, Sogol, additional, Jean-Louis, Girardin, additional, Jobanputra, Aesha M., additional, Johnson, Dayna A., additional, Killgore, William D.S., additional, Kitcher, Andrew, additional, Kline, Christopher E., additional, Kloss, Jacqueline D., additional, Knowlden, Adam P., additional, Lee, Soomi, additional, Li, Junxin, additional, Malhotra, Atul, additional, Malone, Susan Kohl, additional, McCall, Catherine A., additional, McFarlane, Samy I., additional, Meers, Jessica, additional, Mendoza, Maria A., additional, Mondesir, Favel L., additional, Moore, Jesse, additional, Nowakowski, Sara, additional, Nunes, Jao, additional, Omobomi, Omobimpe, additional, Patterson, Freda, additional, Perlis, Michael L., additional, Pitale, Priyamvada M., additional, Popp, Collin, additional, Prather, Aric A., additional, Redline, Susan, additional, Robbins, Rebecca, additional, Rosenberger, Mary E., additional, Saed, Katherine, additional, Satterfield, Brieann C., additional, Seixas, Azizi A., additional, Short, Michelle A., additional, Smith, Isaac, additional, Snyder, Cynthia K., additional, Spaeth, Andrea M., additional, St-Onge, Marie-Pierre, additional, Stout-Aguilar, Jacqueline, additional, Sunwoo, Bernie, additional, Tan, Miranda, additional, Taylor, Brittany V., additional, Thakur, Nina P., additional, Troxel, Wendy M., additional, Tubbs, Andrew S., additional, Vargas, Ivan, additional, Wallace, Douglas M., additional, Watson, Nathaniel F., additional, Weaver, Matthew D., additional, Widome, Rachel, additional, Williams, Natasha, additional, and Xiao, Qian, additional

Published
2019
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111. Pediatric Sleep: Current Knowledge, Gaps, and Opportunities for the Future

Author

Reynolds, Alexandria M, primary, Spaeth, Andrea M, additional, Hale, Lauren, additional, Williamson, Ariel A, additional, LeBourgeois, Monique K, additional, Wong, Sachi D, additional, Hartstein, Lauren E, additional, Levenson, Jessica C, additional, Kwon, Misol, additional, Hart, Chantelle N, additional, Greer, Ashley, additional, Richardson, Cele E, additional, Gradisar, Michael, additional, Clementi, Michelle A, additional, Simon, Stacey L, additional, Reuter-Yuill, Lilith M, additional, Picchietti, Daniel L, additional, Wild, Salome, additional, Tarokh, Leila, additional, Sexton-Radek, Kathy, additional, Lenker, Kristina P, additional, Calhoun, Susan, additional, Johnson, Dayna A, additional, Lewin, Daniel, additional, and Carskadon, Mary A, additional

Published
2023
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112. Tapping the rhizosphere metabolites for the prebiotic control of soil-borne bacterial wilt disease

Author

Sub Ecology and Biodiversity, Ecology and Biodiversity, Wen, Tao, Xie, Penghao, Liu, Hongwei, Liu, Ting, Zhao, Mengli, Yang, Shengdie, Niu, Guoqing, Hale, Lauren, Singh, Brajesh K., Kowalchuk, George A., Shen, Qirong, Yuan, Jun, Sub Ecology and Biodiversity, Ecology and Biodiversity, Wen, Tao, Xie, Penghao, Liu, Hongwei, Liu, Ting, Zhao, Mengli, Yang, Shengdie, Niu, Guoqing, Hale, Lauren, Singh, Brajesh K., Kowalchuk, George A., Shen, Qirong, and Yuan, Jun

Published
2023

116. Community Development Can Improve Resident Health

Author

Dubowitz, Tamara, primary, Ghosh-Dastidar, Bonnie, primary, Troxel, Wendy, primary, Cohen, Deborah, primary, Beckman, Robin, primary, Steiner, Elizabeth, primary, Hunter, Gerald, primary, Flórez, Karen, primary, Huang, Christina, primary, Vaughan, Christine, primary, Sloan, Jennifer, primary, Zenk, Shannon, primary, Cummins, Steven, primary, Collins, Rebecca, primary, DeSantis, Amy, primary, Hale, Lauren, primary, Buysse, Daniel, primary, Richardson, Andrea, primary, and Colabianchi, Natalie, primary

Published
2018
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118. Metabolic health disparities driven by financial stress: Behavioural adaptation or modification?

Author

Kuo, Wan‐Chin, Bratzke, Lisa. C., Hagen, Erika W., Hale, Lauren, Brown, Roger L., Barnet, Jodi H., and Peppard, Paul E.

Subjects
METABOLIC syndrome risk factors, STATISTICS, CONFIDENCE intervals, PHYSIOLOGICAL adaptation, PHYSICAL activity, SLEEP duration, FINANCIAL stress, DESCRIPTIVE statistics, FACTOR analysis, RESEARCH funding, HEALTH equity, BEHAVIOR modification, LONGITUDINAL method, SECONDARY analysis
Abstract

Financial stress has been linked to an increased risk of metabolic syndrome, yet, it remains unclear whether suboptimal sleep duration and physical inactivity are the adaptive responses to financial stress or effect modifiers in the association between financial stress and metabolic syndrome. Hence, this study aims to examine whether physical activity and sleep duration mediate or moderate the bivariate association between financial stress and metabolic syndrome. A prospective secondary analysis was conducted using data from the Wisconsin Sleep Cohort Study (N = 445, mean [SD] age = 64 [7] years). Baseline moderation effect was examined using subgroup analysis with model constraints; prospective mediation model was examined using bias‐corrected bootstrap confidence intervals. Results indicate that participants with higher financial stress were less likely to meet physical activity and sleep recommendations. Baseline moderation analysis indicates that meeting current recommendations of sleep duration and physical activity attenuated the association between financial stress and metabolic syndrome. In the prospective mediation analysis, weekly physical activity levels partially mediated the relationship between financial stress and metabolic syndrome, but sleep duration did not mediate this relationship. In conclusion, the joint effect of optimal sleep duration and physical activity disassociates financial stress from the risk of metabolic syndrome. Future interventions addressing metabolic risk might achieve better outcomes if clinicians and researchers factor in the behavioral adaptation of physical inactivity in financially stressed adults (Clinical Trial Registration: NCT00005557). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2023
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128. Pediatric Sleep: Current Knowledge, Gaps, and Opportunities for the Future

Author

Reynolds, Alexandria M, Spaeth, Andrea M, Hale, Lauren, Williamson, Ariel A, LeBourgeois, Monique K, Wong, Sachi D, Hartstein, Lauren E, Levenson, Jessica C, Kwon, Misol, Hart, Chantelle N, Greer, Ashley, Richardson, Cele E, Gradisar, Michael, Clementi, Michelle A, Simon, Stacey L, Reuter-Yuill, Lilith M, Picchietti, Daniel L, Wild, Salome Johanna Elisabeth, Tarokh, Leila, Sexton-Radek, Kathy, Lenker, Kristina P, Calhoun, Susan, Johnson, Dayna A, Lewin, Daniel, and Carskadon, Mary A

Subjects
Physiology (medical), Neurology (clinical), 610 Medicine & health
Abstract

This White Paper addresses the current gaps in knowledge, as well as opportunities for future studies in pediatric sleep. The Sleep Research Society’s Pipeline Development Committee assembled a panel of experts tasked to provide information to those interested in learning more about the field of pediatric sleep, including trainees. We cover the scope of pediatric sleep, including epidemiological studies and the development of sleep and circadian rhythms in early childhood and adolescence. Additionally, we discuss current knowledge of insufficient sleep and circadian disruption, addressing the neuropsychological impact (affective functioning) and cardiometabolic consequences. A significant portion of this White Paper explores pediatric sleep disorders (including circadian rhythm disorders, insomnia, restless leg and periodic limb movement disorder, narcolepsy, and sleep apnea), as well as sleep and neurodevelopment disorders (e.g., autism and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder). Finally, we end with a discussion on sleep and public health policy. Although we have made strides in our knowledge of pediatric sleep, it is imperative that we address the gaps in our knowledge and the pitfalls of our methodologies. For example, more work needs to be done to assess pediatric sleep using objective methodologies (i.e., actigraphy and polysomnography), to explore sleep disparities, to improve accessibility to evidence-based treatments, and to identify potential risks and protective markers of disorders in children. Expanding trainee exposure to pediatric sleep and elucidating future directions for study will significantly improve the future of the field.

Published
2023
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129. Development and Initial Validation of the Assessment of Sleep Environment (ASE): Describing and Quantifying the Impact of Subjective Environmental Factors on Sleep

Author

Grandner, Michael A., primary, Valencia, Dora Y., additional, Seixas, Azizi A., additional, Oliviér, Kayla, additional, Gallagher, Rebecca A., additional, Killgore, William D. S., additional, Hale, Lauren, additional, Branas, Charles, additional, and Alfonso-Miller, Pamela, additional

Published
2022
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