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Hai-Yang Wang,1 Xiao-Xia Zhang,1 Cui-Ping Si,1 Yang Xu,1 Qian Liu,1 He-Tao Bian,1 Bing-Wei Zhang,2 Xue-Lin Li,3 Zhong-Rui Yan1 1Department of Neurology, Jining No1 People’s Hospital, Jining, Shandong Province, China; 2Department of Neurology and Psychiatry, First Affiliate Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning Province, China; 3Department of Intensive Care Unit, Jining No1 People’s Hospital, Jining, Shandong Province, China Objective: Impairments in emotion regulation, and more specifically in cognitive reappraisal, are thought to play a key role in the pathogenesis of anxiety disorders. However, the available evidence on such deficits is inconsistent. To further illustrate the neurobiological underpinnings of anxiety disorder, the present meta-analysis summarizes functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) findings for cognitive reappraisal tasks and investigates related brain areas.Methods: We performed a comprehensive series of meta-analyses of cognitive reappraisal fMRI studies contrasting patients with anxiety disorder with healthy control (HC) subjects, employing an anisotropic effect-size signed differential mapping approach. We also conducted a subgroup analysis of medication status, anxiety disorder subtype, data-processing software, and MRI field strengths. Meta-regression was used to explore the effects of demographics and clinical characteristics. Eight studies, with 11 datasets including 219 patients with anxiety disorder and 227 HC, were identified.Results: Compared with HC, patients with anxiety disorder showed relatively decreased activation of the bilateral dorsomedial prefrontal cortex (dmPFC), bilateral dorsal anterior cingulate cortex (dACC), bilateral supplementary motor area (SMA), left ventromedial prefrontal cortex (vmPFC), bilateral parietal cortex, and left fusiform gyrus during cognitive reappraisal. The subgroup analysis, jackknife sensitivity analysis, heterogeneity analysis, and Egger’s tests further confirmed these findings. Conclusions: Impaired cognitive reappraisal in anxiety disorder may be the consequence of hypo-activation of the prefrontoparietal network, consistent with insufficient top-down control. Our findings provide robust evidence that functional impairment in prefrontoparietal neuronal circuits may have a significant role in the pathogenesis of anxiety disorder. Keywords: anxiety disorder, emotion regulation, cognitive reappraisal, fMRI, prefrontoparietal network, signed differential mapping

Dear editor Following our recently published article1 in Neuropsychiatric Disease and Treatment, many readers have commented that the effects of comorbid depression cannot be ruled out as a factor in our results, since anxiety disorders and major depression are heterogeneous disorders. We would like to respond to the points made. Impaired cognitive emotion regulation is commonly seen in many psychiatric disorders.2 A recent review concluded that individuals with depressive disorders consistently show decreased activation of the ventrolateral prefrontal cortex (vlPFC) and dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (dlPFC) during cognitive reappraisal.3 Moreover, enhanced activity of the amygdala, which is associated with hyperactive bottom-up emotion responses during downregulation of negative emotion, is a disorder-specific deficit in the recruitment of brain regions during cognitive reappraisal in depression disorder.3 Our meta-analysis was intended to provide a comprehensive description of the brain mechanisms underlying cognitive reappraisal deficits in anxiety disorder. We concluded that patients with anxiety disorder could not recruit the frontoparietal network, including dorsal anterior cingulate cortex (dACC), parietal cortex, dorsomedial prefrontal cortex and supplementary motor area, to down-regulate their emotion responses. Notably, we did not find that abnormalities of vlPFC, dlPFC or amygdala activity were involved in anxiety disorder, which suggests that the cognitive-appraisal-related impairments in emotion regulation that occur in anxiety disorders and major depression have different neural correlates. There are several explanations for our negative findings. First, although we included some patients with anxiety disorder accompanied by depression, they were eligible for inclusion in the meta-analysis as anxiety disorder was the primary diagnosis. Second, although some studies reported that patients with anxiety disorder showed diminished vlPFC and dlPFC activity during downregulation of negative emotion,1 the results are mixed. Our comprehensive meta-analysis was performed to provide a robust description of the neurobiological underpinnings of anxiety. Third, although patients with major depression consistently show enhanced amygdala activity during cognitive reappraisal,3 none of the eight studies included in the meta-analysis reported enhanced amygdala during cognitive reappraisal in anxiety disorders.1 Using a more stringent significance criterion (p

As the most common neurodegenerative diseases, Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and Parkinson’s disease (PD) are two of the main health concerns for the elderly population. Recently, microRNAs (miRNAs) have been used as biomarkers of infectious, genetic, and metabolic diseases in humans but they have not been well studied in domestic animals. Here we describe a computational biology study in which human AD- and PD-associated miRNAs (ADM and PDM) were utilized to predict orthologous miRNAs in the following domestic animal species: dog, cow, pig, horse, and chicken. In this study, a total of 121 and 70 published human ADM and PDM were identified, respectively. Thirty-seven miRNAs were co-regulated in AD and PD. We identified a total of 105 unrepeated human ADM and PDM that had at least one 100% identical animal homolog, among which 81 and 54 showed 100% sequence identity with 241 and 161 domestic animal miRNAs, respectively. Over 20% of the total mature horse miRNAs (92) showed perfect matches to AD/PD-associated miRNAs. Pigs, dogs, and cows have similar numbers of AD/PD-associated miRNAs (63, 62, and 59). Chickens had the least number of perfect matches (34). Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analyses suggested that humans and dogs are relatively similar in the functional pathways of the five selected highly conserved miRNAs. Taken together, our study provides the first evidence for better understanding the miRNA-AD/PD associations in domestic animals, and provides guidance to generate domestic animal models of AD/PD to replace the current rodent models.

The Pd/C catalyst with high dispersion was prepared by the activated carbon loading palladium nanoparticles (Pd-NPs) obtained in the protection of Tween-60. The above-prepared Pd/C catalyst was characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectrometry (ICP-AES), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), chemical adsorption instrument. The influences of the size, dispersion, crystal type and electronic state of the Pd/C catalyst on catalytic activity were investigated. The results of Suzuki coupling reaction over the above-prepared Pd/C demonstrated that the reaction yield of aryl bromide under the conditions of 60°C for 1 h and para-chloronitrobenzene under the conditions of 80°C for 12 h reach 99% and 73% respectively.

Objective To investigate the effects of HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor rosuvastatin on atherosclerosis and lectin-like oxidized low-density lipoprotein receptor-1 (LOX-1), and nuclear factor (NF)-κB p65 expressions in apolipoprotein E (ApoE)-deficient mice. Methods Twenty six-week-old ApoE-deficient male mice were randomly divided into hyperlipidemia model group (n=10) and rosuvastatin group (n=10), and they were fed high-fat diet for 13 weeks. Ten six-week-old C57BL/6J (wild type, WT) male mice were selected as normal control group, and were fed normal diet for 13 weeks. After 13 weeks, blood was drawn from the mice to determine serum levels of total cholesterol (TCH), triglyceride (TG), and low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C). These mice were sacrificed, and their aortas were obtained and examined with HE staining; Western blotting and RTPCR were used to analyze LOX-1, NF-κB p65 expression intensity in aorta tissue quantitatively. Results The serum level of TCH, TG and LDL-C in rosuvastatin group were lower than those in hyperlipidemia model group (P

Water scarcity is a critical policy issue in the arid regions of northwest China. The local government has widely adopted integrated water resources management (IWRM), but lacks support from farmers and farm communities. We undertook a case study in the Minqin oasis of northwest China to examine farmers' responses to IWRM and understand why farmer water users' associations (WUAs) are not functioning effectively at the community level. Results of quantitative and qualitative surveys of 392 farmers in 27 administrative villages showed that over 70% of farmers disapprove of the IWRM market-based reforms. In particular, the failure of farmer WUAs can be attributed to overlapping organizational structures between the WUAs and the villagers' committees; mismatches between the organizational scale of the WUAs and practical irrigation management by the farmers themselves; marginalization of rural women in water decision-making processes; and the inflexibility of IWRM implementation. An important policy implication from this study is that rebuilding farmer WUAs is key to overcoming the difficulties of IWRM. The current water governance structure, which is dominated by administrative systems, must be thoroughly reviewed to break the vicious cycle of tension and distrust between farmers and the government.

Due to the rapid development of modern rapid power electronics, power system harmonics are also increasingly serious harm, in order to effectively suppress harmonics to improve power quality, active power filter APF came into being, it can be effective for reactive power and frequency, amplitude harmonic changes are real-time tracking compensation. Currently, APF power electronics technology has become a major research topic. This article describes the basic working principle of harmonic current detection method and compensation current control method, the main circuit type of active power filter.

Carbonation is a common influence of cement-based material. And the accelerated carbonation is used in material property modify. With the reaction in the material when carbonating, the carbon dioxide will be solidifying in the material, in the shape of precipitation of calcium carbonate filled the pore. But the ability of the carbon absorbing is unknown, in this paper, some cement-based building materials are took in test, including the aerated brick, cement tile, concrete, and cement mortar. In according to the results, it has found that the carbon absorbing ability is different, and with the carbon absorbing, the strength also increasing. The aerated brick is greatest and the condition of temperature, pressure and reaction time is lowest, which give a reference on the way of the greenhouse gas transform and reduced.

 Abstract—Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are currently the leading cause of deaths worldwide. The traditional auscultation is cost-effective and time-saving for the public to diagnose CVDs early. While many approaches for analysis of the heart sound (HS) signal from auscultation have been utilized successfully, few studies are focused on acoustic perspective to interpret the HS signal. This paper creatively proposes a multidimensional feature extraction technique based on timbre model to interpret HS, which stems from clinical diagnostic basis and medical knowledge. The extracted features have three dimensions, including spectral centroid (SC), log attack time (LT) and temporal centroid (TC). The simulation experiments indicate that the proposed method is promising in HS feature extraction and the later CVD diagnosis.

Coordination polymers (CPs) have recently be considered as promising candidates for electrical sensors, especially impedimetric ones, yet still limited by low sensitivity, slow response, and large humidity hysteresis. In this contribution, {[Cd0.5(cfH)(4, 4′-bpy)0.5](NO3)·H2O}n (named as CdL, cfH = ciprofloxacin, 4,4′-bpy = 4,4′-bipyridine) has been synthesized via a facile solvent evaporation method at room temperature. The CdL CP possesses a one dimensional (1D) structure that is further connected by hydrogen bonds forming a three dimensional (3D) supramolecular network. Taking into account of rich hydrogen bonds and uncoordinated atoms (N, O, and F), the CdL CP was assembled into an impedimetric sensor and thus the humidity sensing performance was investigated systemically. The CdL based sensor exhibited good humidity sensing performance in a wide humidity range, including high sensitivity, small hysteresis, and relatively rapid response–recovery. Moreover, the sensing mechanism was discussed by complex impedance analysis in detail, so as to confirm the charge carrier contribution at different relative humidity (RH) range. These results indicate the potential application of CdL in humidity sensors, and further reveal the promising prospects for construction of CP-based electrical sensory devices.

This paper discusses the possible surface subsidence and deformation of the overlying rock during the underground coal gasification (UCG) process, which is an important part of feasibility studies for UCG operations. First coal seam roof movement and surface subsidence in the shallow UCG process were simulated by a finite element model coupled with heat transfer module in COMSOL. Numerical results from this model were compared with and in good agreement to the existing studies. This was followed by the development of model for deeper coal seam cases. The comparison of the numerical results from two models shows that surface uneven settlement in deep underground coal gasification is only 7% of that in shallow underground coal gasification.

Based on a linearly tapered antipodal finline, a novel low-loss wideband transition between waveguide and substrate integrated waveguide (SIW) is discussed. Results show that a low insertion loss (1.2-2.1dB) and a return loss better than 15dB across the entire Ka-band are obtained for a back-to-back transition structure.

Three linear polyesters with pendant ketoprofen were synthesized by copolymerization of polyethylene glycol (PEG) with malic acid (thiomalic acid or aspartic acid) using lipase B acrylic resin from Candida antarctica (CAL-B) at 90 °C respectively. These thermosensitive polyesters exhibit a lower critical solution temperature (LCST) at 10–12 °C. The in vitro study demonstrated that these polyesters could release ketoprofen in neutral and alkaline medium but showed hydrolytic stability in acid medium. These results suggest that, with pendant drugs, these thermosensitive polyesters have potential applications in biomedical materials.

Using MgCl2·7H2O as the starting material and NaF as precipitating agent, nanoMgF2 powder were prepared by sonochemical method. Morphological structure of the particle is characterized by means of XRD and SEM, TEM and Flourier Transition Infrared Spectrum. The influence factors, such as reactant concentration, reaction temperature and ultrasonic frequency were discussed. The optimum sysnthsis conditions was acquired, such as that the molar ratio of [F-] and [Mg2+] is 1/7.5, the reaction time 2h, the reaction temperature 80°C, the ultrasonic frequency 80kHz.

A data processing method based on a mesh search algorithm for elliptical profile error evaluation is proposed. First ellipse focuses of the least-square are set as reference points, according to a certain rules, a series of grid points are arranged and supposed as hypothetical ideal ellipse focuses respectively , then the distances of supposed ideal ellipse to the measuring points are calculated repeatedly. The minimum circumscribed ellipse and the maximum inscribed ellipse are constructed by comparison and judgment, and the corresponding value of ellipse profile error is obtained. Furthermore, the principle of the grid search algorithm and the process of ellipse profile error evaluation by using the minimum circumscribed ellipse method and the maximum inscribed ellipse method are stated . The results of examples show that the ellipse profile error can be evaluated accurately and effectively by this algorithm.

A new method of permittivity measurement based on the on-chip coplanar waveguide (CPW) with finite metal thickness without close box or microfluid channel is presented in this paper. The material under test (MUT) is directly located in the slot line of the CPW which is considered to be the strongest field distribution area. The proposed structure sample is simulated through HFSS. The simulation results agree well especially when the metal thickness is comparable with the slot line width, the errors are less than 5%.

A method of parabola error evaluation using Geometry Ergodic Searching Algorithm (GESA) was proposed according to geometric features and fitting characteristics of parabola error. First , the feature points of least-squared parabola are set as reference feature points to layout a group of auxiliary feature grid points. After that, a series of auxiliary parabolas as assumed ideal parabolas are reversed with the auxiliary feature points.The range distance from given points to these assumptions ideal parabolas are calculated successively.The minimum one is parabola profile error.The process of GESA was detailed discribed including the algorithm formula and contrastive results in this paper.Simulation experiment results show that the geometry ergodic searching algorithm is more accurate than the least-square method. The parabola profile error can be evaluated steadily and precisely with this algorithm based on the minimum zone.

Aimed at exploring the mechanism of acupuncture therapy, we develop functional brain networks using electroencephalogram (EEG) data, and use the methods cluster coefficient to analyze the functional networks. We develop the following result: during the acupuncture, the structure of network becomes tighter, the relativity grows stronger and the structure of the networks becomes complex. Our conclusion is that acupuncture is able to affect the firing properties of the central nervous system, and make the information transmission in the brain functional sections stronger.

Recovery and use of secondary fiber for paper production is increasing all over the word. In recovered paper recycling, stickies are the most detrimental among the contaminants, affecting both the process efficiency and the quality of the final product. In this study, StickAway enzyme was used to treat the old newspaper(ONP) pulps. The effect of enzymatic treatment on the macro and micro-stickies, the drainage property, as well as the formation of paper products were investigated. After treatment of samples with 3LU/g (o.d pulp) doses of enzymatic for 1.5 h, it was found that 14.6% of the micro-stickies could be removed. The cationic demand, turbidity value and particle size were decreased 7.23%, 14.4% and 6.02% respectively compared the control sample. Furthermore, enzymatic treatment also improved the drainage properties of pulp slurry and the formation of paper products. Results confirmed that under the optimal conditions, the StickAway enzyme show the excellent performance in the treatment of the stickies of recovered pulps.

In order to reveal the characteristics of surface erosion of transmission line in sand and dust conditions in the northwest of China, an approach of simulating sandstorm flow field and impact on transmission line is proposed. Based on FLUENT model of two phase flow, the velocity flowing around the line and impacting direction between sand and line are analyzed. Simulation results show that the maximum sustained wind speed amounts to 20.9m/s at up and down side of line when the air velocity keeps at 15m/s. The simulation of impacting process based on LS-DYNA shows that the maximum displacements are 0.45×10-3mm, 4×10-3mm and 10×10-3mm and maximum stresses are 0.25Mpa, 7MPa and 16MPa in the three processes which sand size is 0.25mm, 0.50mm and 0.75mm respectively.

The importance of reappraising negative events to reduce negative emotional responses has been widely acknowledged. However, most neuroimaging studies have explored the neural mechanisms of deliberate and intentional reappraisal, while little is known about the neural correlates of reappraisal that occurs outside of one's awareness. Electrophysiological studies suggest that precedent neutral descriptions could implicitly reduce neural responses to unpleasant images. To investigate the neural mechanism underlying implicit reappraisal, functional magnetic resonance imaging was conducted on 25 participants while they passively viewed unpleasant images that were previously neutrally/positively or negatively described. Increased activity in prefrontal areas including the dorsolateral and dorsomedial prefrontal cortices, lateral orbitofrontal cortex, and temporal cortex, and decreased activation in the amygdala was observed-similar to the pattern reported in deliberate emotion regulation-when unpleasant images were preceded by neutral/positive versus negative descriptions. Functional connectivity analysis revealed significant negative couplings between prefrontal regions and the amygdala. These findings suggest that implicit reappraisal recruits prefrontal regions to change semantic representations in the temporal cortex, in turn modulating the emotional response of the amygdala.

A practical and convenient method for the efficient and regio- and stereoselective ring-opening of enantiopure monosubstituted epoxides by sodium azide under hydrolytic conditions is reported. The ring-opening of enantiopure styryl and pyridyl (S)-epoxides by N3- in hot water takes place preferentially at the internal position with complete inversion of configuration to produce (R)-2-azido ethanols with up to 99% enantio- and regioselectivity, while the (S)-adamantyl oxirane provides mainly the (S)-1-adamantyl-2-azido ethanol in excellent yield. In general, 1,2-amino ethanols were obtained in high yield and excellent enantiopurity by the reduction of the chiral 1,2-azido ethanols with PPh3 in water/THF, and then converted into the Boc or acetamide derivatives.

A practical and convenient method for the efficient and regio- and stereoselective ring-opening of enantiopure monosubstituted epoxides by sodium azide under hydrolytic conditions is reported. The ring–opening of enantiopure styryl and pyridyl (S)-epoxides by N3− in hot water takes place preferentially at the internal position with complete inversion of configuration to produce (R)-2-azido ethanols with up to 99% enantio- and regioselectivity, while the (S)-adamantyl oxirane provides mainly the (S)-1-adamantyl-2-azido ethanol in excellent yield. In general, 1,2-amino ethanols were obtained in high yield and excellent enantiopurity by the reduction of the chiral 1,2-azido ethanols with PPh3 in water/THF, and then converted into the Boc or acetamide derivatives.

As an important reference index to evaluate the quality of Chinese medicinal materials, the commodity specification and grade of traditional Chinese medicine has an effect on the medicinal material's price, can promote "high quality and high price" of the traditional Chinese medicine, prompt market transactions more convenient and standard, and has a great significance to the development of the whole traditional Chinese medicine industry. The formation of traditional Chinese medicine specifications and grades experienced a long historical development process. In order to provide the reference for modification of the product specifications and grades standards and management of traditional Chinese medicine products, the author consulted a large number of materia medica books and related references, sorted and analyzed the historical development process. The author divided the formation and development process into four stages, including germination stage before the Southern and Northern Dynasties, development stage of Tang and Song Dynasty, mature period of the Ming and Qing Dynasties and the inheritance development stage since the foundation of the People's Republic. The author believes that the clinical curative effect is the driving force to promote the development of commodity specifications and grades. In addition, the national pharmaceutical policy, international status, the level of science and technology also influence the development of commodity specifications and grades in some extents. Finally, the author provides three piece of suggestions for the modification of the product specifications and grades standards, according to the historical development rule.

Three new isomeric monoterpene indole alkaloids, naucleofficines I-III (1-3, resp.) were isolated from the stems (with bark) of Nauclea officinalis. Their structures were elucidated on the basis of spectroscopic methods and single-crystal diffraction analyses. The cytotoxic activities of 1-3 against human colon cancer, human gastric cancer, and human hepatoma cells were also investigated.

TiN coating is often coated on fine blanking tools made of with the powder metallurgy high speed steel S790 by Multi-arc ion plating. The phase variation, residual stress and microhardness of TiN coatings were respectively analyzed by X-Ray Diffraction(XRD) and Vickers hardness tester in this research. The result shows that: there is obvious preferred orientation in the crystal surface (1 1 1) and (2 2 2) of TiN coating, the residual stress of TiN coating ranges from -2 347 MPa to -1 920 MPa, and that of the substrate from -154.9 MPa to -69.21 MPa, both of which decrease with the increasing of coating thickness. The TiN coating on the S790 substrate was annealed at temperature 500°C for one hour. It was revealed that the stress state of TiN coating was better and thus the properties of the TiN coating were improved.

To reduce average particle size，magnesium fluoride was directly synthesized from MgF2 and NH4F，the product was characterized by X-ray diffractomer，scanning electron microscopy. Orthogonal experiment was used to explore the influences of factors on the average particle size. Found that the effect order of factors on the average particle size is MgCl2 concentration，NH4F concentration，reaction temperature，reaction time，in the optimization of process conditions，average particle size is 23.1 nm.

This paper introduces a kind of fuzzy adaptive filtering algorithm. The whole process is divided into four steps. Plenty experimental simulation have been made, which has a good results using these methods. On this the premise which the signal detail is not damaged, this filtering algorithm can not only remove pulse but also has a higher capability of noise reduction. It have been verified by actual use and experimental simulation that this filtering algorithm not only has the all advantages of mean filtering and median filtering but can avoid edge blurry of signal, which can’t be realized using the mean filtering and the median filtering under bigger windows .

To discover the fatigue behavior and durability of the new type fiber concrete named “steel fiber reinforced polymer high strength concrete (SFPHC)”, considering climatic conditions in Guangdong Province, using research method of theoretical analysis combined with experimental study, thermal fatigue behavior of SFPHC used in bridge superstructure in three different temperatures (20°C，50°C，80°C) is discussed and compared with concrete C60 which has similar static mechanical properties at room temperature. The results show that the thermal fatigue performance of SFPHC can be described effectively with the proposed computing formula, and the fatigue performance has been greatly enhanced compared with the C60 concrete.

The Donghe Sandstone formation (DS fm. for simplicity) presents an excellent thin condensate gas reservoir in LG34 well area, Tarim Basin. Unfortunately, drilling results show that the reservoir is thin, deeply buried (below 5000m) and mix lithologies. Pre-stack inversion and fluid identification is implemented in this area. The feasibility and validity of pre-stack inversion for this kind of reservoir is tested, since that application of pre-stack inversion in this area is for the first time. A new rock physics model is used for estimating rock velocities and elastic attributes, and cross-plots of Poisson's ratio (σ) again LambdaRho (λρ) is found to be more favorable for lithofacies identification. Then, pre-stack inversion which uses seismic data with careful amplitude processing is performed to predict the reservoir. The inversion results agree and tie with most wells, suggesting that the pre-stack inversion is viable process for this complex lithological reservoir prediction in the area.

This paper describes a control framework that uses UKF to estimate unknown parameters, which has significant physiological functions in neuron model, from heavily noisecorrupted time series of active potential and choose the estimated parameters as control vector enables the control purposes of firing patterns transition. We apply this control strategy to the firing patterns from chaotic spiking to periodic one in the Chay model. It has been demonstrated that this framework is highefficiency and wide potential applications to various system in biology.

Organization of information platform for manufacturing clusters is researched based on the characteristics of information. The characteristics of multiple sources and heterogeneity are analyzed. The information characteristics are described by four attributes-particle size, transmission frequency, effectiveness, and update frequency. Information collection and information users are geographic dispersion. The forms are diversified. The management is relatively concentrated. According to the characteristics of information, the distributed database organization is used. Function modules are organized by Cooperative mechanisms. Information organization flow chart is put forward. Multi-sources information processing is researched, which is the key technology of information organization. The study provides method guide for organization of information platform for manufacturing clusters.

Aromatic polybenzoxazoles (PBOs) are very promising materials for civil, aerospace and electronics industries due to their outstanding mechanical properties, good thermooxidative stability and chemical resistance. However, the feasibility of the wide applications is hindered due to the difficulty of their processing derived from the very rigid structure. Poly(aryl-ether benzoxazole) random copolymers (PAEXBOx) were prepared by nucleophilic polycondensation. Ary-ether ketone and aryl-ether sulfone segments along with flexible linkages and bulky groups were introduced to provide PAEXBOx with good solubility in organic solvents. PAEXBOx exhibit the improved Tgs, and intermediate properties between pristine PBOs and poly(acryl ether)s (PAEs). The structure and properties of the polymers were systematically characterized.

A novel thermosensitive polyester with pendant ketoprofen was synthesized by copolymerization of PEG 800 with 2-ketoprofendimethylmalate using CAL-B at 70 °C. The products were characterized by NMR spectra and GPC. The in vitro study demonstrated that the polyester could release ketoprofen in physiological conditions, which indicates that the polyester could be a promising prodrug.

An enantioselective borane-mediated reduction of a variety of 2-haloketones with 10% spiroaminoborate ester 1 as catalyst is described. By a simple basic workup of 2-halohydrins, optically active epoxides are obtained in high yield and with excellent enantiopurity (up to 99% ee). Ring-opening of oxiranes with phenoxides or sodium azide is investigated under different reaction conditions affording nonracemic 1,2-hydroxy ethers and 1,2-azido alcohols with excellent enantioselectivity (99% ee) and in good to high chemical yield.

In order to study the influence of expansive agent on the performance of CFST column with the creep due to dead load of the practical construction, in this paper, based on the simulation phase of construction, a series of experiments were conducted to study effect of the expansive agent dosage on the ultimate bearing capacity of CFST columns and the creep deformation in the longitudinal direction. Also the experiments were completed to comparative study on the problem of the recycled aggregate concrete -filled steel tube (RACFST) column. It is found that the ultimate bearing capacity of the CFST column is increased a lot when using the expansive agent, while for the RACFST column it has just a little increase. In contrast, for the RACFST column, there is a greatly increase on the creep deformation in the longitudinal direction, and the more expansive agent dosage the larger deformation, but it is not so obvious effect for general CFST column.

A lipase-catalyzed direct Mannich reaction of arylamines with aromatic aldehydes and ketones including cyclohexanone, butanone and 1-hydroxy-2-propanone was developed under EtOH/H2O system in a “one-pot” strategy. A series of experiments on the promiscuous activity of lipases were performed to optimize the biocatalytic process, and a wide scope of substrates was expanded with good yields.

To solve the problems that general proportional valve can’t meet the requirements of high precision control, the paper describes the generation mechanism of kinetic energy in the accurate spool displacement control system of the small flow rate proportional valve. The mechanism of kinetic energy and displacement control of spool under disturbance are discussed quantitatively. Based on DSP and the mathematical model established, the digital state observer feedback control system is designed. The experiment shows that the system can restrain disturbance effectively, and the control accuracy of spool displacement is high, which is up to the level of 5μm.

The single-wheeled cycle is fashion and convenient, but there are some problems when used, especially the joint that connect to the lead bicycle. Due to the unavoidably collision when using, there will be the cause on joint parts with high stress state of frequent change, which makes the single-wheeled cycle under security problem. In order to get it fully, this paper use the FEM software to model the single-wheeled cycle. Under the different acceleration exert, the stress state of the joint and stress distribution are researched, then recommendations given about the potential safety hazard, joint life, and the suggestions for improvement.

Based on human visual gray sensitivity, a fragile large capacity spatial domain information hiding algorithm, and a new calculation formula of image peak signal-to-noise ratio were put forward. An adaptive embedding method was proposed, which had the minimum visual gray sensitivity when massive information were hidden into an original image. Experiments showed that this algorithm had massive amount of embedded information and excellent masking properties, and what’s more, once there is a bit tampered randomly, the watermarking image could not be recovered correctly. So it was suitable for the situation where the received information must be very strict reliably.

The present study determines the concentration of Malathion in rabbit tissues and Dipteral larvae feeding on those tissues. Malathion was found in all muscle and liver samples of the test rabbit, as well as larvae fed on it. Samples from the control rabbit and pupae from all colonies were negative for Malathion. Correlations were found between administered dosage, tissue concentrations and younger or prepuparial larvae. Effects of Malathion on the development rate of Chrysomya megacephala (Fabricius) were also reported. C. megacephala is the most common fly species found on corpses in South China during the early stages of decomposition. Significant differences in larval growth rate were both observed among the colonies fed on muscle and liver. The presence of Malathion in both muscle and liver appears to retard the normal growth rate of C. megacephala in larval stage. Larvae from all colonies fed on tissues from rabbits treated with Malathion were smaller and attained maximum length later than those from the control colony. Duration of the larval and pupal stages was both significantly prolonged for larvae on tissues from rabbit receiving Malathion than those from the control colony. The difference of the duration of the larval and pupal stages together from the muscle colonies would alter the postmortem interval estimation by up to 36 h. As for liver colonies, it would alter the postmortem interval estimation by up to 28 h. A significantly different duration of the larval and pupal stages from the muscle colonies would alter a postmortem estimate by up to 28 h relative to the liver colonies.

Succession patterns for insect fauna, spanning four seasons, on rabbit carcasses were studied in Guangzhou China from 2006 to 2008. A total of 49 taxa belonging to three orders and 15 families were collected and identified. Four decomposition stages were recognized: fresh, bloated, decay and dry stage. Taxa diversity was higher in bloated and decay stages than fresh and dry stages. Internal and ambient temperatures were measured. Maximum internal temperature arrived earlier in warmer seasons. The sequence of insect succession in this study follows the same general patterns: the Diptera peaked initially, and the Coleoptera peaked later. Chrysomya megacephala was the dominant species in four seasons. Its time point of different development stages on carrion could be the most important indicators for PMI (postmortem interval) estimation in Guangzhou. Yearly and seasonal differences in activities of insects were compared. Alpha diversity indices were calculated. There were no significant differences in Shannon-Wiener index, evenness (J) and dominance (C) between seasons and years. From the Jaccard similarity index, the highest similarity was between winter and spring, while the lowest was between summer and winter. Some species occurring exclusively in one season may be important to characterize different seasons. A list of the insect taxa associated with above-ground rabbit carrion during the four seasons was compiled, which can be used for estimating time since death in similar bio-climate areas.