550 results on '"Hager, Paul"'
Search Results
102. Formal Learning
- Author
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Hager, Paul J. and Seel, Norbert M., editor
- Published
- 2012
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
103. Tacit Knowledge
- Author
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Hager, Paul J. and Seel, Norbert M., editor
- Published
- 2012
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
104. Navigating the Wilderness of Becoming Professional
- Author
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Johnsson, Mary C. and Hager, Paul
- Abstract
Purpose: This paper aims to examine the nature of learning discovered by recent graduates participating in a symphony orchestra-initiated development program that is designed to nurture them through the transition to becoming professional orchestral musicians. Design/methodology/approach: Using a qualitative case study approach, the authors interviewed developing musicians and professional musician mentors individually and in small groups using a semi-structured protocol. Interviews were audio-taped and transcribed. The authors also observed musicians working together in rehearsal and in concert performance and reviewed documents on the development program, the organisation and the Australian performing arts industry. Findings: The findings suggest that learning is better conceptualised as an embodied constructed experience with others in context. What the authors call "guided contextualising" differs from conventional discussions of skill-based novice learning and mentorship. For musicians, the competency that is being developed is one of learning how to become, forming a sense of identity as broader musical citizens as well as becoming members of more instrumental communities. Practical implications: The design and structure of the program (and alternatives emerging overseas) suggest possibilities for new collaborations towards "a living curriculum" between higher education and industry. Originality/value: Rather than "employability", the concept of "graduateness" for young adults is formative and transformative, a process that involves the seeking of various forms of identity and contextualised learning that transcends self. "Becoming" practitioners together in generative ways enhances fitness for professional practice and develops a commitment to lifelong learning.
- Published
- 2008
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
105. Lifelong Learning and the Contribution of Informal Learning
- Author
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Hager, Paul, Aspin, David, editor, Chapman, Judith, editor, Hatton, Michael, editor, and Sawano, Yukiko, editor
- Published
- 2001
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
106. Disentangling the effects of Alzheimer's and small vessel disease on white matter fibre tracts
- Author
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Dewenter, Anna, Jacob, Mina A, Dichgans, Martin, Franzmeier, Nicolai, Duering, Marco, Consortium, SVDs@target, Initiative, Alzheimer’s Disease Neuroimaging, Cai, Mengfei, Gesierich, Benno, Hager, Paul, Kopczak, Anna, Biel, Davina, Ewers, Michael, Tuladhar, Anil M, and de Leeuw, Frank Erik
- Subjects
cerebral small vessel disease ,Amyloidogenic Proteins ,CADASIL ,Disorders of movement Donders Center for Medical Neuroscience [Radboudumc 3] ,diagnostic imaging [White Matter] ,pathology [Alzheimer Disease] ,Cross-Sectional Studies ,All institutes and research themes of the Radboud University Medical Center ,pathology [Brain] ,pathology [White Matter] ,methods [Diffusion Magnetic Resonance Imaging] ,Humans ,pathology [Cerebral Small Vessel Diseases] ,Neurology (clinical) ,ddc:610 ,Vascular Diseases ,diagnostic imaging [Cerebral Small Vessel Diseases] ,diagnostic imaging [Alzheimer Disease] ,diagnostic imaging [Brain] ,Alzheimer’s disease ,fixel-based analysis ,diffusion magnetic resonance imaging - Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease and cerebral small vessel disease are the two leading causes of cognitive decline and dementia and coexist in most memory clinic patients. White matter damage as assessed by diffusion MRI is a key feature in both Alzheimer’s and cerebral small vessel disease. However, disease-specific biomarkers of white matter alterations are missing. Recent advances in diffusion MRI operating on the fixel level (fibre population within a voxel) promise to advance our understanding of disease-related white matter alterations. Fixel-based analysis allows derivation of measures of both white matter microstructure, measured by fibre density, and macrostructure, measured by fibre-bundle cross-section. Here, we evaluated the capacity of these state-of-the-art fixel metrics to disentangle the effects of cerebral small vessel disease and Alzheimer’s disease on white matter integrity. We included three independent samples (total n = 387) covering genetically defined cerebral small vessel disease and age-matched controls, the full spectrum of biomarker-confirmed Alzheimer’s disease including amyloid- and tau-PET negative controls and a validation sample with presumed mixed pathology. In this cross-sectional analysis, we performed group comparisons between patients and controls and assessed associations between fixel metrics within main white matter tracts and imaging hallmarks of cerebral small vessel disease (white matter hyperintensity volume, lacune and cerebral microbleed count) and Alzheimer’s disease (amyloid- and tau-PET), age and a measure of neurodegeneration (brain volume). Our results showed that (i) fibre density was reduced in genetically defined cerebral small vessel disease and strongly associated with cerebral small vessel disease imaging hallmarks; (ii) fibre-bundle cross-section was mainly associated with brain volume; and (iii) both fibre density and fibre-bundle cross-section were reduced in the presence of amyloid, but not further exacerbated by abnormal tau deposition. Fixel metrics were only weakly associated with amyloid- and tau-PET. Taken together, our results in three independent samples suggest that fibre density captures the effect of cerebral small vessel disease, while fibre-bundle cross-section is largely determined by neurodegeneration. The ability of fixel-based imaging markers to capture distinct effects on white matter integrity can propel future applications in the context of precision medicine.
- Published
- 2022
107. The Competence Affair, or Why Vocational Education and Training Urgently Needs a New Understanding of Learning
- Author
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Hager, Paul
- Abstract
The notion of competence has received sustained and ongoing critical attention. Despite this, many important matters remain unclear. This article argues that much of the confusion can be traced to both proponents and opponents of competence variously sharing highly questionable assumptions about learning that revolve around viewing it as a product. An examination of various writings demonstrates the pervasive influence of these assumptions on both proponents and opponents. The result is ambiguity and equivocation as both camps run together items that are logically and conceptually distinct. It is argued that to advance these matters we need to distinguish clearly between three items--performance and its outcomes, the underpinning constituents of competence (capabilities, abilities, skills) and the education, training or development of people to be competent performers. This article identifies five pervasive errors that stem from a failure to recognise this threefold distinction. These distinctions are wholly consistent with an alternative conception that views learning as a process. When the three distinctions are maintained in an account of competence, it turns out that many common criticisms fail. It also turns out, however, that the notion of competence lacks many of the superficially attractive features that appealed in the first place to policy makers, politicians and industrialists.
- Published
- 2004
108. The Inescapability of Significant Contextual Learning in Work Performance
- Author
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Hager, Paul and Smith, Erica
- Abstract
Many countries have implemented versions of competency-based training in which competency standards or statements serve to provide standardized learning and skill development outcomes for vocational education and training. It seems that a main attraction that motivated the introduction of such competency-based systems was the assumption by some that they would be "failsafe", in that achievement of the learning and skill development outcomes would guarantee that the learner was workplace competent. However there were always convincing conceptual reasons for denying that the achievement of standards-based learning and skill development outcomes would be equivalent to being workplace competent. This paper aims to explain these reasons, to provide empirical evidence of the scope of the gap between formal standardized training and workplace competence, and to address the implications of this gap for the improvement of vocational education and training. The assumption that the gap could be avoided overlooks the crucial importance of context and culture in workplace performance. It is argued that sound vocational education and training needs to take account of these features.
- Published
- 2004
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
109. Conceptions of Learning and Understanding Learning at Work
- Author
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Hager, Paul
- Abstract
Recent research on learning in work situations has focused on concepts such as 'productive learning' and 'pedagogy of vocational learning'. In investigating what makes learning productive and what pedagogies enhance this, there is a tendency to take the notion of learning as unproblematic. This paper argues that much writing on workplace learning is strongly shaped by people's understandings of learning in formal educational situations. Such assumptions distort attempts to understand learning at work. The main focus of this paper is to problematize the concept of 'learning' and to identify the implications of this for attempts to understand learning at work and the conditions that enhance it. An alternative conception of learning that promises to do more justice to the richness of learning at work is presented and discussed.
- Published
- 2004
110. Lifelong Learning in the Workplace? Challenges and Issues
- Author
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Hager, Paul
- Abstract
There is much skepticism about the concept of lifelong learning within both the educational literature and the literature on work. Certainly, many work arrangements discourage learning, let alone lifelong learning. Nevertheless, there are also work situations in which significant learning occurs. However, even in instances where work arrangements are more favorable for learning, there does not seem to be wide recognition that this is the case. This paper suggests that this reflects the fact that learning is widely misunderstood. The common-sense view of learning as a product gives many types of learning a bad press, including learning at work and lifelong learning. However, when the process aspects of learning are given due attention, as in the emerging view of learning outlined in this paper, much learning, including informal workplace learning at its best, is accurately described as a form of lifelong learning.
- Published
- 2004
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111. The Integrated View on Competence
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Hager, Paul, primary
- Published
- 2016
- Full Text
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112. Teaching Critical Thinking in Undergraduate Science Courses.
- Author
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Hager, Paul, Sleet, Ray, Logan, Peter, and Hooper, Mal
- Abstract
Explains the design and evaluation of a project aimed at fostering the critical thinking abilities and dispositions of first year students at an Australian university. Most of the tasks relate to applications of chemistry and physics in everyday life. Many students revealed that their thinking skills were enhanced by their experience in attempting the tasks in small cooperative groups. (SOE)
- Published
- 2003
113. Curious Apps: Large-scale Detection of Apps Scanning Your Local Network
- Author
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Hager, Paul Theodor
- Subjects
PII ,Android ,Privacy ,LAN ,Security ,Scanning ,Yara ,Fingerprinting - Abstract
In unserer vernetzten Welt werden Datenlecks und fragwürdige Profiling-Techniken immer relevanter: Nicht nur auf Websites, sondern auch auf Smartphones.Viele verschiedene Datenpunkte werden verwendet, um Nutzerprofile für beispielweise Werbung zu erstellen. Diese Datenpunkte enthalten oft sensible Informationen und können, wenn sie nicht sorgfältig verwendet und gespeichert werden, publik werden. In unserer Arbeit suchen wir nach Android Anwendungen (Apps), die das lokale Netzwerk (LAN) scannen und diese Datenpunkte möglicherweise für Profiling verwenden.Wir fassen zusammen, wie Android Apps im LAN nach anderen Geräten suchen können und, wie diese Techniken in einer Android App implementiert werden können. Auf der Grundlage dieser Recherche haben wir über 40 handgefertigte Yara-Regeln entwickelt, um Android-Apps mit LAN-Scan-Fähigkeiten abzustimmen. Basierend auf diesen Yara-Regeln haben wir ein hybrides Analyse-Framework entwickelt, um Android Apps zu finden, die LAN-Scans ohne Benutzerinteraktion durchführen. Das von uns vorgeschlagene Analyse- Framework besteht aus drei Teilen: Zunächst verwenden wir über 40 handgefertigte Yara- Regeln, um Android Apps vorzufiltern, die Daten/Funktionen im Zusammenhang mit LAN-Scanning enthalten. Im zweiten Schritt führen wir die vorgefilterten Android Apps dynamisch auf einem echten Android-Smartphone aus und erfassen den Netzwerkverkehr. Zuletzt analysieren wir die Netzwerk-Dumps auf LAN-Scan Aktivitäten. Wir haben unser hybrides Analyse-Framework mit 3 verschiedenen Android-App Datensätzen (Top 1000 General Purpose, 1.259 IoT/Companion-Apps, 117 Malware-Apps) ausgeführt, insgesamt mit über 2.300 verschiedenen Android Apps. Acht Android Apps führen ohne Benutzerinteraktion ARP-Scans im LAN durch und 29 Android Apps verschicken SSDP- Suchanfragen, ebenfalls ohne Benutzerinteraktion. Auf der Grundlage unserer Ergebnisse erstellen wir Casestudies, um die Ursache der LAN-Scan Aktivitäten zu ergründen. Mit unserem Ansatz finden wir eine Android-App, bei der Profiling den einzigen ersichtlichen Grund für das durchgeführte LAN-Scanning darstellt., Privacy leaks and shady fingerprinting techniques are becoming more and more relevant in our connected world: Not only on websites but also smartphones.All kinds of different data points are used to create user profiles for fingerprinting and advertisement. These data points often contain sensitive information and, if not carefully used and stored, may be leaked. In our work we search for Android applications(apps) which are scanning the local area network (LAN) and potentially are using these datapoints for fingerprinting or advertisement.We summarize how LAN scanning in Android apps can be done technique-wise (what kind of LAN scanning techniques exist?) and implementation-wise (how can these LAN scanning techniques be implemented?). Based on this research, we developed over 40 handcrafted Yara rules to match Android apps with LAN scanning capabilities. We use this Yara ruleset in our hybrid analysis framework to find apps that are LAN scanning without user interaction. Our proposed framework consists of three parts: First, we use our Yara ruleset to pre-filter Android apps which contain data/functions related to LAN scanning. Next, we dynamically run the pre-filtered Android apps on a real Android smartphone and capture the network traffic. In the last step, we analyze the network dumps for LAN scanning activities. We run our hybrid analysis framework with 3 different Android app datasets (Top 1,000 General Purpose, 1,259 IoT/companion apps, 117 malware apps), totaling over 2,300 different Android apps. We found 8 Android apps ARP scanning the LAN and 29 Android apps sending SSDP search requests without user interaction. Based on our findings we conduct case studies to research why the found Android apps are doing this. We found at least one Android app where we feel certain the LAN scanning happens for fingerprinting reasons.
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
114. Additional file 1 of Combining tau-PET and fMRI meta-analyses for patient-centered prediction of cognitive decline in Alzheimer’s disease
- Author
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Biel, Davina, Luan, Ying, Brendel, Matthias, Hager, Paul, Dewenter, Anna, Moscoso, Alexis, Otero Svaldi, Diana, Higgins, Ixavier A., Pontecorvo, Michael, Römer, Sebastian, Steward, Anna, Rubinski, Anna, Zheng, Lukai, Schöll, Michael, Shcherbinin, Sergey, Ewers, Michael, and Franzmeier, Nicolai
- Abstract
Additional file 1. Additional methods and results.
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
115. Unified signature cumulants and generalized Magnus expansions
- Author
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Friz, Peter K., Hager, Paul P., and Tapia, Nikolas
- Subjects
Statistics and Probability ,Algebra and Number Theory ,Markov processes ,Signatures ,Probability (math.PR) ,stochastic Volterra processes ,moment-cumulant relations ,60L10, 60L90, 60E10, 60G44, 60G48, 60G51, 60J76 ,characteristic functions ,Theoretical Computer Science ,Computational Mathematics ,Lévy processes ,60L10 ,diamond product ,FOS: Mathematics ,Discrete Mathematics and Combinatorics ,Geometry and Topology ,60E10 ,60L90 ,Mathematics - Probability ,Mathematical Physics ,Analysis ,universal signature relations for semimartingales - Abstract
The signature of a path can be described as its full non-commutative exponential. Following T. Lyons we regard its expectation, the expected signature, as path space analogue of the classical moment generating function. The logarithm thereof, taken in the tensor algebra, defines the signature cumulant. We establish a universal functional relation in a general semimartingale context. Our work exhibits the importance of Magnus expansions in the algorithmic problem of computing expected signature cumulants, and further offers a far-reaching generalization of recent results on characteristic exponents dubbed diamond and cumulant expansions; with motivation ranging from financial mathematics to statistical physics. From an affine process perspective, the functional relation may be interpreted as infinite-dimensional, non-commutative ("Hausdorff") variation of Riccati's equation. Many examples are given., 42 pages, 2 figures
- Published
- 2022
116. Context, Judgment, and Learning.
- Author
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Halliday, John and Hager, Paul
- Abstract
Examines the assessment of work-based learning, noting distinctions between "pure" and "professional" knowledge by offering a genealogy of learning; asserting that the distinction between academic and non-academic learning has become what Dewey termed a false dualism; examining relationships between judgment, activity, practice, and tradition; offering implications for learning; and concluding that there are inevitable tensions between good practice within limited contexts and potential good practice within wider contexts. (SM)
- Published
- 2002
117. Life, Work and Learning: Practice in Postmodernity. Routledge International Studies in Philosophy of Education; No. 14.
- Author
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Beckett, David, Hager, Paul, Beckett, David, and Hager, Paul
- Abstract
This book argues that adult learning from experiences in paid and unpaid work contexts should be the basis for a new perception of what is truly educative about life. Part I sets out what practice is like in postmodern times. Chapter 1 introduces the argument that 'know how' is important in lifelong learning. Chapter 2 shows organic learning is a manifestation of what it is to be human at work and workplaces can develop structures that advance "whole person" capabilities for purposeful action. Chapter 3 rounds out the concept of know-how by building on organic learning-- in particular showing that practical judgement is central to practice in postmodernity. Chapter 4 shows that broader, more socially and culturally sensitive approaches to practice are available in the realm of policy. Part II theorizes practice anew, from an educational perspective, in light of postmodernity. Chapter 5 is an introduction to theories of practice. Chapter 6 begins to conceptualize practice as the successful performance of work by showing the intimate connection of practice with informal learning. Chapter 7 proposes an alternative to the standard paradigm of learning--one inclusive of practice-based informal workplace learning. Chapter 8 explains the authors' claim that they are strategic postmodernists. Chapter 9 clarifies the emerging paradigm of learning based on dissolution of dualisms and a "contiguous" model of vocational preparation by showing how the notion of judgement is at its heart. Appendixes include a 235-item bibliography and index. (YLB)
- Published
- 2002
118. Workplace Judgement and Conceptions of Learning.
- Author
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Hager, Paul
- Abstract
The standard paradigm of learning--isolated in individual minds, expressed verbally, propositional--distorts the role of judgment. An emerging paradigm based on Dewey and Wittgenstein recognizes the role of action and exercise of judgment; positions knowledge in individuals, teams, and organizations; and includes propositional, cognitive, conative, and affective capacities. (SK)
- Published
- 2001
119. Russell's Conception of Critical Thinking: Its Scope and Limits.
- Author
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Hager, Paul
- Abstract
Addresses the question of the range of applicability of Bertrand Russell's conception of critical thinking. Argues that important instances of critical thinking require other resources in addition: decisions about the conduct of one's life, philosophical method, scientific methods, and creative thought. Identifies limitations of Russellian critical thinking. (RS)
- Published
- 2001
120. Know-How and Workplace Practical Judgement.
- Author
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Hager, Paul
- Abstract
In understanding the transformation of novices into proficient practitioners, theories of know-how and tacit knowledge have limited use. Examination of the dimensions of context that influence informal learning in the workplace supports practical judgment as an explanatory model. (Contains 21 references.) (SK)
- Published
- 2000
121. Making Judgments on the Basis for Workplace Learning: Towards an Epistemology of Practice.
- Author
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Beckett, David and Hager, Paul
- Abstract
Interviews illustrating professional judgment support characteristics of informal workplace learning: contingent, practical, process, particular, and affective-social. Growth in the capacity to make judgments occurs in three ways (1) ability to separate initial need from actualization of judgment; (2) ability to interpret conative-emotive and ethical considerations; and (3) decentering of practitioners' sense of identity. (SK)
- Published
- 2000
122. The Role of Generic Outcomes in Adult Education.
- Author
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Hager, Paul
- Abstract
Outcome-based education has been criticized for being narrow and limiting. However, broad generic outcomes have played an important part in liberal adult education and the perspectives of the latter can contribute significantly to the debate on outcome-based education. (Contains 27 references.) (SK)
- Published
- 1999
123. Reinforced optimal control
- Author
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Bayer, Christian, primary, Belomestny, Denis, additional, Hager, Paul, additional, Pigato, Paolo, additional, Schoenmakers, John, additional, and Spokoiny, Vladimir, additional
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
124. On-the-Job and Off-the-Job Assessment: Choosing a Balance.
- Author
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Hager, Paul
- Abstract
Proposes definitions for on- and off-the-job assessment. Presents a model for education and assessment in the workplace that includes (1) development of knowledge, skills, and abilities; (2) performance in simulated or practice situations; and (3) competence in occupational practice. Considers when to choose on- or off-the-job assessment. (SK)
- Published
- 1998
125. Recognition of Informal Learning: Challenges and Issues.
- Author
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Hager, Paul
- Abstract
Examines aspects of informal learning: (1) credit toward formal qualifications; (2) the value of nontraditional knowledge; (3) learners' awareness of their own learning; and (4) sensitivity of informal learning to context. Concludes that informal learning does not fit with the narrow view of knowledge in formal education and learners are often unaware of the scope of their learning. (SK)
- Published
- 1998
126. Disentangling the effects of Alzheimer's and small vessel disease on white matter fibre tracts.
- Author
-
Dewenter, Anna, Jacob, Mina A, Cai, Mengfei, Gesierich, Benno, Hager, Paul, Kopczak, Anna, Biel, Davina, Ewers, Michael, Tuladhar, Anil M, Leeuw, Frank-Erik de, Dichgans, Martin, Franzmeier, Nicolai, Duering, Marco, and (ADNI), for the SVDs@target Consortium and Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative
- Subjects
CEREBRAL amyloid angiopathy ,ALZHEIMER'S disease ,CEREBRAL small vessel diseases ,LEUKOENCEPHALOPATHIES ,DIFFUSION magnetic resonance imaging ,WHITE matter (Nerve tissue) - Abstract
Alzheimer's disease and cerebral small vessel disease are the two leading causes of cognitive decline and dementia and coexist in most memory clinic patients. White matter damage as assessed by diffusion MRI is a key feature in both Alzheimer's and cerebral small vessel disease. However, disease-specific biomarkers of white matter alterations are missing. Recent advances in diffusion MRI operating on the fixel level (fibre population within a voxel) promise to advance our understanding of disease-related white matter alterations. Fixel-based analysis allows derivation of measures of both white matter microstructure, measured by fibre density, and macrostructure, measured by fibre-bundle cross-section. Here, we evaluated the capacity of these state-of-the-art fixel metrics to disentangle the effects of cerebral small vessel disease and Alzheimer's disease on white matter integrity. We included three independent samples (total n = 387) covering genetically defined cerebral small vessel disease and age-matched controls, the full spectrum of biomarker-confirmed Alzheimer's disease including amyloid- and tau-PET negative controls and a validation sample with presumed mixed pathology. In this cross-sectional analysis, we performed group comparisons between patients and controls and assessed associations between fixel metrics within main white matter tracts and imaging hallmarks of cerebral small vessel disease (white matter hyperintensity volume, lacune and cerebral microbleed count) and Alzheimer's disease (amyloid- and tau-PET), age and a measure of neurodegeneration (brain volume). Our results showed that (i) fibre density was reduced in genetically defined cerebral small vessel disease and strongly associated with cerebral small vessel disease imaging hallmarks; (ii) fibre-bundle cross-section was mainly associated with brain volume; and (iii) both fibre density and fibre-bundle cross-section were reduced in the presence of amyloid, but not further exacerbated by abnormal tau deposition. Fixel metrics were only weakly associated with amyloid- and tau-PET. Taken together, our results in three independent samples suggest that fibre density captures the effect of cerebral small vessel disease, while fibre-bundle cross-section is largely determined by neurodegeneration. The ability of fixel-based imaging markers to capture distinct effects on white matter integrity can propel future applications in the context of precision medicine. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
127. Quality Assurance in VET. Review of Research.
- Author
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National Centre for Vocational Education Research, Leabrook (Australia). and Hager, Paul
- Abstract
Research on quality assurance (QA) in vocational education and training (VET) in Australia over the past 6 years was reviewed. Three factors responsible for growing interest in QA were identified: close connections with industry sectors that have gained from the introduction of QA measures; the more competitive training market that has been increasingly encouraged by governments in Australia; and increasing community demand for quality as course fees increase. According to two substantial studies of QA systems in selected organizations for the purpose of facilitating the introduction of QA systems into the VET sector, the following types of QA programs may be relevant to VET: total quality management; QA based on international standards; quality matrix; best practice and benchmarking; and self-managed teams. The available research suggests that the following issues must be addressed in implementation of QA in the VET sector: personnel requirements; proper planning processes; staff development programs; industry relations and human resources management issues; ascertainment of customer views and needs; and roles of monitoring, assessment, and evaluation procedures. The available VET case studies indicate that the main problem with whole organization quality initiatives is the difficulty of getting started on an organization-wide basis. (Contains 34 references.) (MN)
- Published
- 1997
128. Learning in the Workplace. Review of Research.
- Author
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National Centre for Vocational Education Research, Leabrook (Australia). and Hager, Paul
- Abstract
Research on changes and issues in workplace learning in Australia over the past 6 years was reviewed. Special attention was paid to four topics: importance of learning in the workplace; nature of workplace learning; factors affecting the quality of workplace learning; and recognition of workplace learning. Selected findings were as follows: (1) simple notions of transfer of skills learned in the workplace are dubious; (2) although some learning in the workplace is highly contextualized and enterprise specific, other examples are more generic; (3) measuring the outcomes of training and quantifying its costs and benefits are possible but complex; (4) the best kinds of workplace learning involve appropriate links between formal training and informal workplace learning; (5) good research on learning in the workplace must take proper account of the diversity of variables in the workplace environment/culture; and (6) language, numeracy, and literacy are capable of being addressed in a holistic way along with other changes as workplace reform is implemented. Areas identified as requiring additional research included the following: training outcomes; training costs and benefits; application of cognitive theory to training activity design; and roles of language, numeracy, and literacy in workplace learning and change. (Contains 50 references.) (MN)
- Published
- 1997
129. The Development of Competency-Based Training: Government, Industry and Union Pressures.
- Author
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Hager, Paul
- Abstract
Notes that the introduction of competence-based training (CBT) into Australia was a tripartite initiative of government, industry, and unions. Relates this policy initiative to wider international trends; outlines some main features of CBT as it has been implemented in Australia; and considers advantages and limitations. (10 references) (Adjunct ERIC Clearinghouse for ESL Literacy Education) (Author/CK)
- Published
- 1996
130. Two Models of Educational Assessment.
- Author
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Hager, Paul and Butler, Jim
- Abstract
Educational trends such as problem-based learning, newer understandings of cognition, and performance assessment are challenging the traditional scientific measurement model of evaluation. A new model, termed judgmental model, is emerging. The basic assumptions, features, and uses of the two models are examined in comparison with a third, proposed model of education, training, and assessment for workplace performance. (Author/MSE)
- Published
- 1996
131. Professional Practice in Education: Research and Issues.
- Author
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Hager, Paul
- Abstract
Discusses research from a variety of disciplines that focuses on professional education and the implications of such research on the formal preparation of professionals in higher education. Presents a three-level model of professional preparation that emphasizes the development of knowledge, skills, and attitudes, performance in simulated or practice situation, and competence in the full practice of the profession. (MDM)
- Published
- 1996
132. Problematising practice, learning and change: Practice-theory perspectives on professional learning
- Author
-
Dr.. Reich, Ann, Prof.. Hager, Paul, and Prof.. Fenwick, Tara
- Published
- 2014
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
133. Competency Standards--A Help or a Hindrance? An Australian Perspective.
- Author
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Hager, Paul
- Abstract
Competency standards can hinder vocational education by being confused with curriculum documents, by being used too early in the teaching process, and by being used to assess superficial aspects of occupations. Standards can help when competence is conceptualized in an integrated approach that is used to guide curriculum development, teaching, and assessment. (SK)
- Published
- 1995
134. General Issues about Assessment of Competence.
- Author
-
Hager, Paul
- Abstract
Concerns about and objections to competency-based assessment in higher education are examined, including superficiality, use of inference, neglect of knowledge and of process, and subjectivity. It is concluded that, although each objection raises an important issue, in each case, a well-designed competency-based assessment system can overcome problems. (MSE)
- Published
- 1994
135. The Relation between Critical Thinking Abilities and Student Study Strategies.
- Author
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Hager, Paul
- Abstract
A study of 54 first-year engineering students at an Australian university investigated their critical thinking skills as related to 3 kinds of study strategy: surface strategy; deep strategy; and achieving strategy. Results indicated a negative correlation between critical thinking ability and the achieving study strategy. Implications for instruction are discussed. (MSE)
- Published
- 1994
136. Competency-Based Standards: A Boon for Continuing Professional Education?
- Author
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Hager, Paul and Gonczi, Andrew
- Abstract
Professions take different approaches to competency-based continuing education: (1) pharmacy and nursing analyze competence in terms of roles and tasks (performance); (2) law analyzes professional knowledge, skills, and attitudes (attributes); and (3) medicine analyzes attributes in the context of performance of professional tasks, an integrated approach. (SK)
- Published
- 1991
137. Education and Training: Is There Any Longer a Useful Distinction?
- Author
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Hager, Paul and Laurent, John
- Abstract
Although education and training were distinct concepts when Taylorism dominated the workplace, it is no longer appropriate to separate them. Today's highly competitive environment requires the education of a flexible, multiskilled workforce, not training for narrowly defined employment tasks. (SK)
- Published
- 1990
138. Vocational Education/General Education: A False Dichotomy.
- Author
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Hager, Paul
- Abstract
The arguments against the well-entrenched dichotomy between vocational education and general education are economic, technological, and educational. First, "nonvocational" general education is also preparation for work and can contribute to economic growth. Second, technological changes in the workforce are making specific skill training obsolete. Third, academic and vocational skills are better developed when taught in an integrated fashion. (SK)
- Published
- 1990
139. Raue Analysis mit Anwendung in Märkten und verwandten Bereichen
- Author
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Hager, Paul Peter, Friz, Peter K., Bayer, Christian, Technische Universität Berlin, Fukasawa, Masaaki, and Teichmann, Josef
- Subjects
ddc:519 - Abstract
We treat several topics related to stochastic processes and rough analysis. The problems we consider are motivated from the recent developments in rough volatility models and the recent proposition of rough price models in energy markets. Such models require the development of new methodology for pricing financial derivatives, as the Markov property in general does not hold true and the irregularity of the sample paths introduces numerical difficulties. An important concept from rough analysis that is central to the first and the second part of this thesis is the signature of a path. In the second and third part we consider stochastic control problems, as they appear for example in the pricing of American options. The fourth part focuses on limiting behavior of a rough model when the Hölder regularity vanishes. More specifically, in the first part we establish a universal functional relation for the signature cumulant in a general semimartingale context. Our work exhibits the importance of Magnus expansions in the algorithmic problem of computing expected signature cumulants, and further offers a far-reaching generalization of recent results on characteristic exponents dubbed diamond and cumulant expansions. The significance of the main result is illustrated in a variety of examples. In second part we propose a new method for solving optimal stopping problems that apply under minimal assumptions to the underlying process. We proof that the optimal stopping problem can be solved while restricting to stopping times that are parametrized by linear functionals of the signature associated to the underlying process. Further, using the log-signature as a feature set for a deep neural network we can efficiently solve the optimal stopping problem numerically. The methodology applies particularly to processes that fail to be either semimartingales or Markov processes, such as fractional Brownian motion, and can be used, in particular, for American-type option pricing. In the third part we consider a more general class of stochastic control problems. For this sake, we assume that the underlying process is Markovian, which allows to use the dynamic programming principle and to approximate the conditional expectation of the value function by a linear functional regression. We propose a method for reinforcing the set of basis functions with the value function from the previous step in the backwards induction. This method improves the numerical accuracy while introducing relatively few additional costs, in particular in situations where the underlying process is high dimensional. The efficiency of the method is demonstrated in several numerical evaluations. In the fourth and final part we are concerned with the limiting behavior of a family of fractional Brownian fields when the Hurst parameters tends to zero. Therefore we first propose a large class of normalizations that ensures the convergence to a log-correlated Gaussian field. We then derive the convergence of the exponential measure associated to the normalized fractional Brownian fields towards a Gaussian multiplicative chaos. The convergence holds for intermittency parameters beyond the L2- phase. Regarding financial applications, a remarkable corollary of our result is that the volatility process of a log-normal rough volatility model with small Hurst parameter is supported on the sets of so-called “good points” of the field with probability close to one. Wir behandeln verschiedene Themen aus dem Bereich der stochastischen Prozessen und der rauen Analysis. Eine zentrale Motivation für die betrachteten Probleme sind die kürzlichen Entwicklungen in den rauen Volatilitätsmodellen und die kürzlich präsentierten rauen Preismodelle in Energiemärkten. Diese Modelle verlangen die Entwicklung neuer Methoden für das bewerten von Finanzderivaten, da die Markov-Eigenschaft im Allgemeinen nicht mehr angenommen werden kann und die Irregularität der Pfade zu numerischen Schwierigkeiten führt. Ein wichtiges Konzept der rauen Analysis, dass eine zentrale Rollen im ersten und zweiten Teil der Dissertationsschrift spielt, ist die Signatur eines Pfades. Im zweiten und dritten Teil betrachten wir stochastische Kontrollprobleme, solche die zum Beispiel beim Bewerten amerikanischer Optionen entstehen. Genauer präsentieren wir im ersten Teil eine universelle funktionale Gleichung für die Signatur- Kumulanten im Rahmen allgemeiner Semimartingale. Unser Resultat stellt die Bedeutung der Magnus-Entwicklung in der algorithmischen Berechnung von Signatur-Kumulaten dar und verallgemeinert kürzlich präsentierte Resultate im Zusammenhang mit der Berechnung von klassischen Kumulanten in gefilterten Wahrscheinlichkeiträumen. Wir illustrieren die Bedeutung des Hauptresultates an einer breiten Reihe von Beispielen. Im zweiten Teil stellen wir eine neue Methode zu Lösung von optimalen Stoppproblemen mit minimalen Annahmen an den unterliegenden Prozess vor. Wir zeigen, dass das optimale Stoppproblem unter Einschränkung auf eine Klasse von Stoppzeiten gelöst werden kann, die durch linear Funktionale der Signatur parametrisiert ist. Darüber hinaus nutzen wir die logarithmische Signatur als Featureset für ein neuronales Netz und können somit effiziente numerische Lösungen des optimalen Stoppproblems errechnen. Die Methode findet insbesondere Anwendung für Prozesses die weder Semimartingale noch Markov sind, wie zum Beispiel die fraktionelle Brownsche Bewegung, und kann verwendet werden um amerikanische Optionen zu bewerten. Im dritten Teil befassen wir uns mit einer allgemeineren Klasse von optimalen Kontrollproblemen. Hierfür nehmen wir an, dass der unterliegende Prozess die Markov-Eigenschaft besitz, was erlaubt das Prinzip der dynamischen Programmierung anzuwenden und die bedingte Erwartung der Wertfunktion mittels einer linear funktionalen Regression zu approximieren. Wir stellen eine Methode vor die es erlaubt die Basisfunktionen der Regression mit der Wertfunktion aus dem vorherigen Schritt der Rückwertsinduktion zu verstärken. Diese Methode erlaubt es die numerische Genauigkeit der Methode zu verbessern, während die Rechenkosten nur relativ gering angehoben werden. Besonders dann, wenn die Dimension des unterliegend Prozesses hoch ist. Die Wirksamkeit der Methode wird in mehreren numerischen Bespielen demonstriert. Im vierten und letzen Teil fokussieren wir uns auf das Verhalten einer Familie von fraktionellen Brownschen Bewegungen wenn der Hurst-parameter gegen Null strebt. Hierzu stellen wir eine große Klasse von Normalisierungen, vor die sicher stellen, dass die Konvergenz gegen ein logarithmisch korreliertes Gaußsches Feld gegeben ist. Danach zeigen wir die Konvergenz des zur normalisierten Brownschen Bewegung assoziierte exponentiellen Maßes gegen ein Gaußsches multiplikatives Chaos. Die Konvergenz hält für Intermittenzparameter über die L2-Phase hinaus. Ein herausragendes Korollar unseres Resultats bezüglich der finanzmathematischen Anwendung ist, dass der Volatilitätsprozess eines rauen Modells mit kleinem Hurst-Parameter seinen Träger mit einer Wahrscheinlichkeit nahe bei Eins auf der Menge der sogenannten „guten Punkte“ des Feldes hat.
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- 2021
140. Is there a cogent philosophical argument against competency standards?
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Hager, Paul J.
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- 1994
141. Optimal stopping with signatures
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Bayer, Christian, Hager, Paul, Riedel, Sebastian, and Schoenmakers, John
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Statistics and Probability ,Probability (math.PR) ,Signatures ,Computational Finance (q-fin.CP) ,FOS: Economics and business ,Quantitative Finance - Computational Finance ,optimal stopping ,60L10 ,FOS: Mathematics ,60L10, 60L20, 60G40, 91G60 ,Statistics, Probability and Uncertainty ,Mathematics - Probability ,60G40 ,rough paths - Abstract
We propose a new method for solving optimal stopping problems (such as American option pricing in finance) under minimal assumptions on the underlying stochastic process $X$. We consider classic and randomized stopping times represented by linear and non-linear functionals of the rough path signature $\mathbb{X}^{, Comment: 39 pages, 1 figure
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- 2020
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142. James (J.C.) Walker: Philosopher of Education – The celebration of a life
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Peters, Michael A., primary and Hager, Paul, additional
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- 2021
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143. James Walker, Philosopher of Education – Five tributes from colleagues
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Matthews, Michael, primary, Mackie, Robert, additional, Evers, Colin, additional, Crump, Steve, additional, and Hager, Paul, additional
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- 2021
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144. Randomized Optimal Stopping Algorithms and Their Convergence Analysis
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Bayer, Christian, primary, Belomestny, Denis, additional, Hager, Paul, additional, Pigato, Paolo, additional, and Schoenmakers, John, additional
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- 2021
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145. Conclusion
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Hager, Paul J., Srzednicki, Jan T. J., editor, Wood, David, editor, and Hager, Paul J.
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- 1994
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146. Guest editorial
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Hager, Paul
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- 2006
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147. Practice as a Key Idea in Understanding Work-Based Learning
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Hager, Paul, primary
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- 2012
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148. Informal Learning: A Vital Component of Lifelong Learning
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Hager, Paul, primary
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- 2011
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149. Theories of Workplace Learning
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Hager, Paul, primary
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- 2011
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150. Becoming As an Appropriate Metaphor for Understanding Professional Learning
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Hager, Paul, primary and Hodkinson, Phil, additional
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- 2011
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