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Intellectual disability (ID) persists from birth through adulthood and aging. Thus, the support provided to individuals with intellectual disabilities (IwID) in adulthood is essential to increase their self-determination and quality of life. This research aimed to determine how IwID may receive support for education, working life, accommodation, and leisure in adulthood in the Turkish context by increasing their and their families' quality of life without socially discriminating against them. Qualitative data were collected in two stages, combining semi-structured interviews and the Delphi study technique. Results prompted the recommendation that a legal basis for transition-to-adulthood planning be established in Turkey for a functional adult service model. Next, a model with specific standards by which multidisciplinary experts analyse education, work, leisure, and housing alternatives for preadulthood and adulthood should be developed and coordinated by the Turkish Ministry of National Education and the Ministry of Family. Implications for the future are further discussed.

This quantitative study examined the material hardships experiences of LGBTQ students at research universities. Using a series of regression analyses, we find relationships between students' sexual identity and experiencing material hardship, including differential relationships when disaggregating by sexual orientation. These results identify unique experiences for students based upon their sexual orientation and expand understandings of LGBTQ students' experiences with material hardship beyond community colleges or aggregate understandings.

Structural inequities influence young parents' access to health care, housing, transportation, social support, education, and income. The current study adds to the extant literature by providing data directly obtained in collaboration with young parents to understand how structural violence affects the health and well-being of their families, ultimately resulting in community-driven policy recommendations developed in collaboration with the state health department. We engaged a diverse sample of young people--considered as community researchers in the project--including Black, Latinx, and/or LGBTQ+ pregnant and parenting young parents in a participatory action research (PAR) project in the spring of 2022 to explore their health and material needs while living in Springfield, Massachusetts. Together with young parents, we used participatory arts-based methods to conduct community and identity building, define research questions and photo prompts, conduct data collection (photos), engage in group thematic analysis, and take action at the state policy level. We also conducted individual semi-structured life-history interviews with the young parents. Participatory community-led findings indicate an urgent need for systemic change to increase access to safe and affordable housing; living-wage jobs; safe, high-quality, and affordable child care; and to bolster social support and disabilities services for young parents and their families. This participatory study funded by a state health department demonstrates that participatory community-driven data can have the power to mobilize community members and policy makers for social change if prioritized at the state and local levels. Additional practice-based implications include prioritizing participatory mentorship programs intended to aid young parents in navigating the complex systems that are vital to their survival.

The authors analyzed three Advanced Placement U.S. History textbooks' narratives of U.S. 20th century social democratic policies (e.g. New Deal, G.I. Bill, pro-suburbanization policies) using Lipsitz's "possessive investment in whiteness" as a theoretical framework. The authors found texts portrayed the exclusion of Black populations from policy benefits and, to a lesser extent, the disparate benefits conveyed to white communities. However, discussions of racial disparities were segregated from primary narratives that conveyed race neutrality in policy implementation. Additionally, texts obscured white benefits by framing the racist outcomes of the policies as unavoidable. This work contributes to ongoing critical analyses of official curriculum artifacts like textbooks and standards documents by noting how they manage to include, yet exclude, critical, structural understandings of U.S. history.

Founded in 2006, Zillow established itself as the leading online real estate marketplace. In 2018, Zillow launched Zillow Offers, a new business that purchased and sold homes. Zillow Offers provided home sellers with a faster purchase process than traditional realtors by gathering data from sellers online and making offers immediately, a process known as "iBuying" (i.e., "Instant Buying"). Though new to iBuying, Zillow quickly established a goal of generating $20 billion in annual revenue within three-to-five years. Zillow believed that its artificial intelligence/machine learning (AI/ML) platform for predicting home values, aka "Zestimate," could be a competitive advantage in the iBuying marketplace. However, after losing $421 million in its iBuying business during the third quarter of 2021, the company closed this once-promising business unit rather than risk further losses. CEO Rich Barton asserted that the AI's inability to accurately predict home prices caused the failure of its iBuying business. This case study examines the trajectory of Zillow Offers and discusses several factors that contributed to its demise. After exploring the challenges of its home-price prediction algorithms within iBuying, we argue that the failure of Zillow Offers extends beyond the limitations of its initial AI/ML system. Zillow Offers' focus on hypergrowth over profitability led to operational changes that failed to balance estimated price predictions and operational purchase price decisions. Through this analysis, we raise important questions for students and practitioners about the appropriate and effective use of data-driven AI/ML models for operational decision making.

Objective: The needs and experiences of Chinese international students in the context of secondary education have been largely under-researched. Tertiary education research has shown international student populations are particularly susceptible to acculturative stressors, loneliness, and isolation in host cultures therefore it is important to consider these factors amongst secondary students studying abroad who are potentially even more vulnerable. Method: This qualitative research explored the experiences and challenges faced by Chinese secondary students in Australia and their help-seeking behaviour. Interview data was collected from 17 participants across two different school settings. Results: Thematic analysis identified three key themes; Adjustment Difficulties, Academic Difference and Help-seeking and support. It was found that the challenges experienced by international students consisted of living, academic and sociocultural factors. Participants reported experiencing cultural discrimination but were reluctant to seek formal help for this. Conclusion: The results have implications for Australian secondary schools given the high number of international students that study in the country. Recommendations are made for how international students can be better supported.

This article explores the institutional dynamics that contribute to educational inequality within Nordic cities. The persistent issue of social inequality in education remains a prominent challenge for the Nordic welfare states. By investigating the gaps between educational policies and their practical implementation, this study sheds light on the mechanisms that drive educational inequality. Through the application of qualitative methods, the research examines the impediments to achieving educational equity within three distinct municipalities in Norway, Sweden, and Finland. The study identifies several contributing factors to the prevailing educational inequality, encompassing housing policies, urban spatial segregation, diverse principles governing school choice and marketisation, and variations in organisational models intended to promote equity. The research not only offers novel insights into the gaps between educational policy formulation and implementation but also underscores their pivotal role in both generating and perpetuating educational inequality. In the subsequent discussion, the study addresses these identified gaps and outlines their potential implications for future policy-making and practical implementation in Nordic education.

The influence of the global health crisis and systemic racism on the return to campus are enormous. With differing experiences, opinions, and ideas about what is needed, individuals are challenged to understand their own and others' lived experiences in 2020. Campuses should be prepared for the emotional healing and systemic changes needed in higher education. It is important for campus leaders to recognize that campuses will be places of collective trauma. Moving forward, according to the authors, campuses are likely to see more urgent concerns about food and housing insecurity, and physical, mental, and emotional health needs. Addressing these concerns will require significant levels of community and psychological support. In considering the current context, it is important for practitioners to communicate with students both immediate and long-term plans for diversity, equity, and inclusion (DEI) efforts and COVID-19 precautions, while acknowledging areas of uncertainty. It is critical for leaders to be aware of the emotional pulse of the campus and how trauma has manifested among various communities on campus. Leaders should be aware that emotions shift over time, and new strategies may need to be developed in order to navigate emerging emotions.

While the higher education (HE) literature highlights how the sector is designed for a typified imagined student, the issues are particularly acute for care-experienced students. The dominant HE discourse assumes that all students will be able or want to participate in 'stereotypical' aspects of student life and have stable networks to offer emotional, practical and financial support. Here, we deploy Holland et al.'s formative heuristic of "figured worlds" to interrogate how socially and culturally constructed realms and artefacts establish 'givens'. People 'figure' who they are through navigating different realms which are conceptually and materially produced. We take particular inspiration from "figured worlds'" focus on unequal power in social space; socially and institutionally endorsed understandings of how things 'should' be celebrate certain subjectivities and ways of 'doing' university while marginalising others. The paper discusses biographical-narrative interviews and collaborative analysis with six students with experience of foster, residential and kinship care, all studying at a post-1992 English university. Crucially, conversations highlighted participants' exceptional maturity, educational passion and tenacity. Yet challenges remained. This paper focuses on four domains where our participants felt forced into peripheral subjectivities: student accommodation, wellbeing support, societies and curricula. Halls became hostile spaces through high rents, late-night/loud drinking cultures and their transitory nature. Wellbeing services felt inimical when designed for quotidian anxiety and stress, neglecting more complex stories. Similarly, society membership fees, requisite team kits and 'cliques' materially and symbolically constricted participants. Finally, specific areas of curricula and pedagogical delivery posed problems, namely when traumatic and/or painful content (e.g. domestic violence and safeguarding) was not assumed to relate to anyone in the classroom. Despite these barriers, participants continued to navigate their HE journeys with skill and creativity. Although this paper's perspective is partial, we argue for theorising the holistic student experience through the lens of "figured worlds." This reveals how norms and practices make dominant subject positions hard to access for care-experienced students, contradicting and undermining their obvious value. In concluding, we discuss how locating problems as structural speaks back to deficit discourses, challenging us to reimagine and reconfigure HE through alternative discourses of worth. Attention is needed within and beyond the classroom; students' lives are multifaceted and played out in multiple "figured worlds."

We tested 10 data-based strategies to better identify student homelessness in Camden City School District, which has a student body from minoritized backgrounds. We operationalized strategies through a research-practice partnership, following the federal homelessness definition. Data span 5 years (2014-15 through 2018-19), including integrated education, municipal, and health records. Nine strategies indicated significant unidentified student homelessness (min: 15; max: 5,008; p-values < 0.001). Consistent with homelessness, six strategies produced groups with lower attendance (p-values < 0.01) and seven with increased school mobility (p-values < 0.05). Homelessness was 34% greater in the most conservative interpretation, though counts could be as much as 454% greater. Student homelessness is more prevalent than recognized, data-based strategies can guide proactive outreach, and cross-system partnerships are warranted.

In this manuscript, the authors examined the rates of food and housing insecurity experienced by student-veterans enrolled at community colleges in fall 2020. The results of a multi-institutional survey of student-veterans at 113 community colleges suggested that 37.6% of community college student-veterans experienced food insecurity and 52.5% of community college student-veterans experienced housing insecurity. Additionally, 17.8% of community college student-veterans experienced homelessness in the past year. The results also suggest that community college student-veterans who experienced food and housing insecurity had lower grade point averages, higher rates of clinically significant generalized anxiety disorder, and higher rates of clinically significant major depressive disorder. Examples of strategies to support community college student-veterans experiencing food and housing insecurity are included.

Home is often considered the exact opposite of homelessness, implying a physical shelter. However, scholars argue that home holds various meanings. Within the curriculum, home often serves as the foundation for teaching children about their social worlds. This study examines how elementary school teachers, who were taking a course in a master's program, initially perceived the notions of home and reflected on their teaching practices related to the concept of home. Data included written reflections by teachers throughout the course, online survey responses, and individual interviews. Through analyzing teachers' critical reflections, this study uncovers how the notions of home are institutionalized and how the conventional notions of home in the curriculum can neglect children experiencing homelessness. The data reveal that teachers initially brought to the classroom various meanings of home but had limited awareness of the notions of home presented in the curriculum. The teachers also reflected that they tended to teach home as housing at a fixed site, mirroring Eurocentric middle-class values. This study provides implications for teachers and teacher educators, school curricula, and future research.

This study examines factors affecting teachers' motivation at secondary schools in the Elliotdale Circuit. The research approach adopted was qualitative. The design used was a case study. The purposive sampling technique was used to select a sample size of twenty-two (22) respondents, which comprised principals, teachers, subject advisors and teacher union representatives. Face-to-face interviews were conducted while data collected were analysed thematically. Findings revealed inadequate teacher-learner support materials in schools, non-payment of temporary teachers' salaries, lack of access roads to and from schools, lack of secured accommodations for teachers, poverty and lack of electricity and running water in some schools were the factors affecting teachers' job satisfaction and motivation in the secondary schools. Some recommendations were: School Governing Body to work with the Department of Education to provide schools with adequate teacher-learner support materials, to ensure regular and competitive salaries for teachers, to implement rural allowances for teachers and to provide teachers with secured accommodations, electricity and running water.

This research aims to describe primary school children's life and education experiences who escaped from the war environment in Syria and took refuge in Turkey. The study was conducted with an ethnographic research design. The study participants comprised fourth-grade students, teachers, parents, and the close social circle of Syrian nationals who stayed in the temporary shelter in Turkey. Observation, interview, field notes, researcher's diary, and ethnographic photograph were used to collect the research data. Content analysis was used in the analysis of the research data. As a result of data analysis, the lives of Syrian children and families in the temporary accommodation centre, before and after the asylum, the socio-economic life of the container city, and the daily life routines of the children in the camp are described. The research proposes to conduct more ethnographic research with children under temporary protection, describe their life stories and indigenous perspectives, organise events that will bring together local children and children in the shelter, and increase studies on teaching Turkish to foreigners.

The COVID-19 pandemic has affected college students' basic needs, financial security, academic success, caregiving responsibilities, mental health, and more, according to the Fall 2020 Student Financial Wellness Survey (SFWS) conducted by Trellis Company. Researchers surveyed 37,936 students at 62 two- and four-year colleges and universities from October to November 2020 and found 53 percent (n=20,095) indicated one or more forms of basic needs insecurity (BNI). This brief examines data from students with BNI with a special lens on their mental health, familial responsibilities and finances, employment, and financial security. These results highlight the disparate impacts of the pandemic among basic needs insecure students.

With the announcement of an epidemic by the World Health Organization in 2020, countries have been restricted in many areas such as economy, health, education, and social life. With this restriction process, it is possible to say that children experience difficulties accessing many salient services, especially education, health, and care services. Therefore, during the COVID-19 epidemic, children can be told that they are deprived of rights based on their protection and development. In this process, the research aims to examine the opinions of primary school teachers, individuals with whom students spend the most time through distance education after their families, on children's rights. Participants of this research, adopting one of the qualitative research methods i.e., phenomenology, consist of 19 primary school teachers working in Yozgat, Turkey, determined by purposeful sampling methods. In the research, data were collected through a semi-structured interview form. The data obtained were analyzed using the descriptive analysis technique. As a result of the research, teachers expressed the most opinions about children's right to life, nutrition, and a quality life standard as well as development right to access information. In addition, the most views were on the right of children to participate, on the right to express their opinions freely and on the right to protection from all kinds of maltreatment, neglect, abuse and exploitation. Therefore, teachers' views on children's rights to life, development, participation, and protection were evaluated as negative.

Indonesia is a country that is famous for its culture, arts, traditional crafts, and even traditional houses. This diversity is reflected in each region by having a unique culture as an icon of the area. Therefore, the diversity of arts and culture needs to be preserved, so that it can be used as education and study material for scientific development. This study aims to create a model of cultural preservation through an application to identify the types of traditional buildings in Indonesia. This research focuses on the preservation of traditional Javanese houses because they have many types with uniqueness in terms of topology and also ornaments. Each building model looks similar visually, but actually different because each ornament and topological form has special characteristics. This is an education for students and the general public to know the history of the building. The concept applied in identifying the type of building uses the concept of Deep Learning as one of the fields of Artificial Intelligence (AI). The research begins with the acquisition of building object data, image analysis, development of application as an educational tool for students or the community, and the last is evaluation. The data was taken by taking pictures directly of traditional Javanese buildings in Indonesia using cameras, smartphones, and drones. The total of 1330 images were captured consisting of traditional Javanese house ornaments which are "Joglo" and "Kalang." Based on the tests carried out to recognize building objects, the system successfully able to recognize building objects with an accuracy of 99.5%. In terms of education in recognizing building design and culture, this application was tested on students, it can increase students' knowledge on building history by 97%.

This article examined the associations between family processes and children's development among mothers and their children participating in early intervention (EI) services. Data from mothers and their infants and toddlers (n = 100) participating in EI were analyzed using regression methods to test the predictive power of maternal depressive symptoms, self-efficacy, and quality of mother-child interactions on children's behavior problems and social and emotional competence. Mother-child interactions were the most robust predictor of child behavior problems and competence. The presence of clinically elevated maternal depressive symptoms was high (30%) and associated with more child behavior problems. Stronger endorsement of self-efficacy also was related to higher levels of child social and emotional competence. We discuss our findings related to opportunities and challenges to support mothers experiencing depressive symptoms. EI services that strive toward an integrated approach could identify mothers with depressive symptoms and play an increased role in directly addressing their needs.

This article uses interviews of long-standing neighborhood residents' sentiments of university expansion into their community. These data provide persuasive empirical evidence for the need of urban anchor institutions to include as an integral component of their campus reopening efforts, intentional plans for reducing the disruption of housing patterns of permanent residents. The term "COVID exposure" has come to signify not only the potential to succumb to the virus, but it also implies the revealing of inequities in systems that impact the effects of the crisis within Black and Brown communities. Every sector of U.S. society has been impacted by COVID-19, and it has required a paradigm shift in our interactions with one another. Academic institutions are enacting robust de-densification efforts which will stimulate dramatic shifts in the off-campus housing needs for students, but they stand the chance of displacing or further disadvantaging the long-standing residents who reside outside of their campus border. Universities must use reopening plans as an instrument to change the trajectory of relationships they hope to cultivate with their long-standing neighbors, through renewed engagement efforts that integrate lessons from the past and that seek to build stronger neighborhoods by challenging housing inequity and housing inequality.

The COVID-19 pandemic caused disruptions to student learning from K-12 to universities and continues to manifest negative effects on students. To better understand the challenges our students face and how those obstacles have changed since the COVID-19 pandemic began, we surveyed our undergraduate ecology students who ranked obstacles to learning they experience in technology, learning environment, and economic security. The majority of respondents report conditions have worsened since the onset of the pandemic. Surveys identified the largest challenges on average were being unfamiliar with technology, using a smartphone or tablet for coursework, balancing work and employment, and having trouble focusing and retaining information. A principal components analysis (PCA) identified that not having reliable internet, having children and other dependents in the home to care for, and not having a safe or private place to study were also common challenges. The PCA also indicated that food and housing insecurity outweighed job insecurity, which may indicate that our students are underemployed or poorly paid. Non-white females and first-generation college students face more obstacles than other groups. Surprisingly, the frequency of obstacles faced did not influence academic normalized learning gains (NLGs). Nor did students with a higher number of demographic markers that indicate historically underserved groups show lower NLGs. Mitigating obstacles to learning as the pandemic continues and new virus variants emerge will take a multi-faceted approach and understanding of each individual student's challenges. Recommendations to mitigate the burden include students' self-identified preferred solutions of having more flexible assignment dates, study zones with good wifi, and more asynchronous material. Access to updated computers would also be beneficial. Given that housing and food security scored highly in obstacles experienced, food banks on campus could assist in relieving some of this economic burden. Finally, strategies such as dividing online material into small chunks (< 15 minutes), followed by formative assessment opportunities for student metacognition (quizzes, reflections, discussions), then followed by synchronous sessions focused on active learning provided a strong support for learning for all students pre-pandemic and these strategies continue to transcend the pandemic and lessen its short- and long-term impacts.

Although the transition to adulthood after graduation can be difficult for any student, additional challenges remain for independent students. The authors define independent students as undergraduates between the ages of 18 and 24 who have no dependency on a parent or guardian, such as foster care alumni. It is important that higher education professionals examine the experiences of independent students and their post-university transitions. To that end, the authors present existing research surrounding the post-university transition in general, the independent college student population specifically, and the unique challenges this group faces in the post-university transition. A conceptual adaptation to Erikson's psychosocial development theory is used as a launching point to present an alternative path of development for independent students, which may better inform strategies to support this group through the post-university transition. Practical recommendations are explored for institutions wishing to better support independent students for and through the post-university transition, as well as a call for further research to test the validity of the presented conceptual model. [Note: The issue number (2) displayed on the PDF is incorrect. The correct issue number for this article is n3.]

The rapid digital revolution in recent decades has transformed conventional Word-of-Mouth (WOM) into electronic WOM (eWOM). The significance of digital emotion in eWOM has been widely recognized due to its influential effect on consumer trust. There is increasing research on digital emotion contagion, which refers to exposure to emotions on digital platforms, which evokes internet users' emotions. Drawing on Spencer-Oatey's (2008) Rapport Management Model (RMM), this study investigates the stylistic domain of RMM, focusing on the affective lexical resources that express emotions used by Malaysian hotels when responding to positive online reviews on TripAdvisor. These affective lexical resources were analyzed using Martin and White's (2005) Appraisal Theory. The findings demonstrated that the five- and four-star hotels had higher frequencies of affective lexical variation than did the three-star hotels. From the perspective of RMM, the affective lexical choices used by the high-end Malaysian hotels appeared to reflect the cultural values of gratitude and respect in Asian hospitality in fostering virtual emotional connections with reviewers. This study enriches the work on English for Specific Purposes (ESP) course design as digitally engaging via online business communication should be an integral part of business-related ESP courses.

This pedagogical paper presents an approach to urban design taught in the "Complex Densities Studio" CDS of the Institute of Architecture and Earth Sciences of Setif (IAST). This approach is based on urban analysis and scenario building, the use of parametric tools, and the constitution of reusable "parametric actions". The parametric approach invites students to state their project intentions. Parametric computing allows building a digital model from certain parameters. The digital model aims to verify the interactions of the student project in the urban context dynamically and iteratively. It offers the possibility of identifying the most efficient models concerning the stated criteria. The urban typologies and ambiances are evaluated throughout the design process, thus allowing for permanent adjustments. The chosen context is the El-Harrach district in the city of Algiers: the population density and the rapid transformation of urban areas offer a stimulating framework to experiment with a parametric approach to the student project. The approach of the CDS is based on numerous and diverse data, transcribed in diagrams, pre-formal plans, and parametric models, allowing to move from an abstract and quantitative dimension to the formalization of urban ambiances in a progressive and qualitative way.

Traditional houses are part of the culture of every country. Indonesia is a country that has a variety of traditional houses. The traditional Banyuwangi house is known as the "Using" house. This house can be explored in terms of ethnomathematics and used as part of learning mathematics. This research is focused on knowing and describing mathematics learning that integrates the ethnomathematics of "Using" house, thematic, and connected models. The research was also conducted to determine the effectiveness of the learning that has been carried out. The results showed that the use of the "Using" house in ethnomathematical-thematic-connected-based mathematics learning: (1) could be done using the trivium concept (literacy, matheracy, and technoracy); (2) can be done thematically by integrating four subjects (Indonesian, social sciences, fine arts, and mathematics); (3) can be connected by integrating two mathematical concepts (two-dimensional geometry and arithmetic); (4) through seven phases of learning; and (5) effective because 80% of students can solve problems as expected.

The rapid development of the COVID-19 pandemic during the spring 2020 academic semester resulted in many international undergraduate students evacuating the United States to return to their home countries. Some faced government-mandated quarantine in a designated quarantine hotel upon their entry into the country which overlapped with the end of the spring semester or start of summer term. Interviewers conducted qualitative interviews on Zoom with international students enrolled at American universities regarding their experiences with online learning while in isolation. This extreme environment had negative implications for their psychological well-being as well as their ability to self-motivate. Researchers formulated best practices based on the data to assist instructors and institutions in making better decisions regarding the academic experience of students who may be forced into quarantine in an unfamiliar environment in the future.

EAH Housing, an affordable housing organization, partnered with the Literacy, Language, and Technology Research group at Portland State University for the digital literacies portion of a digital infrastructure and digital literacies program funded by a grant from the California Public Utilities Commission. Working with the Literacy, Language, and Technology Research group, EAH Housing developed a successful digital literacy program building on a variety of research-based factors that support adult learning of digital literacies, including quality self-access learning materials that are relevant to learners' goals and easy access to human helpers as learners move through pivotal moments in the learning path.

The significance of equipping higher education graduates with both practical skills and theoretical knowledge relevant to their future workplace has been identified as one of the priorities in the higher education sector. Specifically, the issues, such as the preparation of young people for the world of work, facilitating the links between academic studies and practical experiences, and situating practice-based education have become central to the higher education landscape. This article discusses the extent to which practically-based higher education learning spaces can be constructed and co-constructed, involving the cooperation and collaboration of different stakeholders: employers, university lecturers and students. The article will particularly draw on the perspectives from a case study of practically-based higher education in the hospitality sector in England. Drawing on this case study the article will address the following research questions: (1) How can practically-based learning spaces be constructed and co-constructed within the context of higher education? and (2) What is the role of different stakeholders in this process? The article argues that the development of a practically-based higher education learning space is much more complex than simply bringing together academic and practical learning, and involves both institutional affordances, industry engagement and collaboration of key stakeholders.