Search

Law enforcement officers in undercover roles, working with informants and in police interviews, use deception to uncover critical evidence in criminal investigations. Therefore, lie production is a critical skill for these law enforcement officers. However, current selection processes for police assigned to these areas do not include tests to identify effective storytellers (liars), as standardised and reliable tests for this do not exist, despite the fact that the ability to lie is exceedingly important for both operational effectiveness and officer safety. This pilot study investigates the lie production abilities of 84 undergraduate students from an Australian university. Student scores in a game of deception were compared with their scores on the 100-item version of the HEXACO-PI-R (Honesty-Humility, Emotionality, Extraversion, Agreeableness, Conscientiousness and Openness to Experience), a measure of personality traits, to explore relationships between deception abilities and personality traits. Results indicate that fairness, sincerity, honesty-humility, sentimentality, social boldness and creativity were associated with lie production ability, while sociability and diligence were predictive of successful truth telling. Further research is required to validate these results in the law enforcement population. Notably, the findings did not support the existence of a relationship between lie production and lie detection ability, suggesting these are two separate skills. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Our primary objective was to investigate whether HEXACO personality profiles predict different coping strategies during the first wave of the COVID–19 pandemic. We chose a person-centered approach as it enabled visibility of personal structures differentiating between adaptive and maladaptive coping in a nonclinical sample. Latent profile analysis identified three distinct personality profiles, each profile complemented by its specific choice of coping strategies. The Resilient (conscientious extroverts) used strategies focused on the stressor (Problem-focused, Emotion-focused coping, and Humor); the Undercontrolled (conscienceless) turned to Avoidance of problem-solving strategies; the Overcontrolled (emotionally reactive and conscientious introverts) avoided Humor and handling of their own emotions. Combination of Conscientiousness scores differentiated between adaptive and maladaptive resilience. However, high Emotionality in conjunction with Introversion and high Conscientiousness produced both vulnerability and maladaptation. Absence of Avoidance is the paramount feature of adaptive resilience. Thus, personality related variance in stress response is mostly determined by traits responsible for control, proactivity, and affectivity.

Two studies with the same goal, but different instruments, investigated the correlation between basic personality traits and electrodermal reactivity to aversive visual stimuli. Study 1 focused on the Five Factor Model traits, while in Study 2, we investigated the HEXACO model, and an additional trait, Disintegration. In Study 1, emotional reactivity was expressed using Polyscore, a composite polygraph measure in which electrodermal response (EDR) had the largest weight, and it was measured with respect to stimuli with positive, neutral, and negative valences. In Study 2, we employed several measures of EDR to stimuli with negative valence. In both experiments, Conscientiousness correlated positively with EDR to aversive stimuli. Additionally, in Study 2, there was a negative correlation between Disintegration and EDR to aversive stimuli. Other traits were not related to EDR to aversive stimuli, and, in Study 1, we found no relationship between personality traits and reactivity to stimuli with positive or neutral valence.

The first Italian lockdown during COVID-19 pandemic constituted an example of strong situation. Under this context, we investigated associations of HEXACO personality with COVID-19 mitigation behaviors (self-reported hygiene, distancing, going out). We tested unique associations through regularized regressions and out-of-sample prediction after establishing the best level of analysis (HEXACO traits, facets, items). Personality always explained out-of-sample variance over and above demographics, COVID-related knowledge, concern, impacts, and goals. Hygiene and distancing were best predicted by HEXACO traits, whereas facets constituted the best level for the prediction of going out. In general, honesty-humility (trait or facets) was the clearest predictor of safer behaviors. Results corroborate the relevance of personality even in strong situations, as well as its importance for COVID-19 mitigation.

This study is a replication of Andreassen and colleagues (2013) [The relationships between behavioral addictions and the five-factor model of personality. Journal of Behavioral Addictions, 2(2), 90-99]. We partially replicated the findings of the original study. Our results support the role of personality, particularly conscientiousness, in predicting behavioral addictions, such as video game, Internet, and mobile phone addiction. However, we failed to replicate the same pattern of personality traits for each behavioral addiction.

There is evidence that different types of irrational thinking and beliefs are significant predictors of ques- tionable and maladaptive COVID-19 related health practices. In this study, we investigated the role of two under-researched types of irrational thinking, more typical for a clinical setting: irrational beliefs defined in Rational Emotive Behavior Therapy (REBT) and attachment anxiety and avoidance. We investigated whether REBT irrational beliefs, attachment dimensions, and conspiracy mentality mediated the relationship between personality traits, on the one side, and COVID-19 health behaviors, on the other. We proposed that HEXACO personality traits, and especially Disintegration (proneness to psychotic-like experiences) predicted irrational thinking and beliefs, which in turn predicted higher susceptibility to questionable health practices. Structural equation modeling on a sample of 287 participants from the general population, showed that Disintegration was related to REBT irrational beliefs, attachment dimensions, and conspiracy mentality, highlighting the important effect of Disintegration on irrational thinking and beliefs. Conspiracy mentality mediated the effects of Disintegration to low adherence to recommended health behaviors -- RHB, and greater use of pseudoscientific practices -- PSP. Attachment anxiety mediated the relationship between high Disintegration, high Emotionality (E), and low Honesty (H), and lower adherence to RHB. REBT irrational beliefs and attachment avoidance did not mediate the relationship between personality traits and COVID-19 health behaviors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The question of whether and, if so, how creativity and unethical behavior such as dishonesty are related to each other has been addressed in multiple studies, with mixed results overall. The aim of this Registered Report is to shed further light on this issue. We first present a meta-analysis on the relation between creativity and dishonesty comprising the samples from a pre-registered multi-lab study (on a different topic), which indicated no relation between the constructs in question (k = 19, N = 2,154, rp =.02). Next, we examined the relation between creativity and dishonesty in a study (N = 1,152), in which we addressed several limitations of previous research. Specifically, we examined relations between comprehensively assessed creativity and dishonesty using subjective and objective indicators for both constructs. We found mixed results concerning the relation between creativity and dishonesty. In the majority of the confirmatory statistical tests, subjective creativity was positively related, whereas objective creativity was negatively related to dishonesty in the mind game. However, in exploratory analyses, we found that neither subjective nor objective creativity was related to dishonesty in the second dishonesty measure, the sender–receiver game. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The honesty‐humility factor from the HEXACO model of personality has been found to offer incremental validity in predicting several work‐related criteria over the remaining factors, yet its interplay with other personality factors is rarely examined. In this study, we examined how honesty‐humility (the tendency to be sincere, fair, non‐materialistic, and modest) can moderate the relation between agreeableness and interpersonal competency. Specifically, drawing on the theory of self‐concept, we proposed that agreeableness will have a stronger association with interpersonal competency among individuals who are higher on honesty‐humility, and relatively less so among individuals who are lower on honesty‐humility. Across three samples of people in managerial roles from two different cultures (Australia and Kenya), we found that honesty‐humility, indeed, moderated the agreeableness—interpersonal competency relation, both when the criterion was measured by self‐report (Sample 1, N = 167; Sample 2, N = 320; Sample 3, N = 296) and other‐report (Sample 3, N = 195). In all three samples, the positive relation of agreeableness with interpersonal competency was strongest among those who were also higher on honesty‐humility. Such an interaction effect was robust after controlling for the remaining HEXACO personality factors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Some scholars have presented models of the United States as a set of "nations" with distinct settlement histories and contemporary cultures. We examined personality differences in one such model, that of Colin Woodard, using data from over 75,000 respondents. Four nations were particularly distinct: The Deep South, Left Coast, New Netherland, and the Spanish Caribbean. Differences between nations at the level of the individual person were typically small, but were larger at the level of community, revealing how aggregation can contribute to differences in the lived experience of places in nations such as Yankeedom or Greater Appalachia. We represented effects in a three-dimensional model defined by Authoritarian conventionalism (which differentiated 'Red' and 'Blue' nations) as well as Cognitive resilience and Competitiveness (which differentiated among the Blue nations). Finally, we adjusted Woodard's model to better fit the data, and found that nations largely maintained their boundaries, with the most drastic changes occurring on the East Coast. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Dark Triad traits of Psychopathy, Machiavellianism, and Narcissism should be clearly recognizable within a multidimensional personality space. Two such personality spaces were investigated in this study: HEXACO (Honesty-Humility, Emotionality, Extraversion, Agreeableness, Conscientiousness, and Openness to Experience); and the Zuckerman-Kuhlman-Aluja Personality Questionnaire (ZKA-PQ) space (Extraversion, Neuroticism, Activity, Sensation Seeking, and Aggressiveness). Our sample comprised 289 participants (137 males, 145 females, 7 unspecified) who completed these three questionnaires: HEXACO–60, ZKA-PQ/SF, and the SD3, assessing the Dark Triad. We reduced the dimensionality of each space to that of a 2D representation using Smallest Space Analysis (SSA). Three research questions guided the data analysis: (a) Do the HEXACO and ZKA-PQ SSA spaces conform to the structure of a radex? (b) Will these spaces remain invariant following the entry of the Dark Triad traits into the analyses? (c) Where will the Dark Triad traits be located in each SSA space? For ZKA-PQ space, the structure was clearly indicative of a radex, both prior to entering the Dark Triad traits into the analysis, and subsequent to this. Psychopathy and Machiavellianism were in close proximity in the Aggressiveness region; Narcissism was positioned at the common origin. In contrast, HEXACO space did not conform to a radex; furthermore, the presence of the Dark Triad traits distorts this 2D SSA space. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Based on the known relationship between the human emotion and standard surface electrocardiogram (ECG), we explored the relationship between features extracted from standard ECG recorded during relaxation and seven personality traits (Honesty/humility, Emotionality, eXtraversion, Agreeableness, Conscientiousness, Openness, and Disintegration) by using the machine learning (ML) approach which learns from the ECG‐based features and predicts the appropriate personality trait by adopting an automated software algorithm. Methods: A total of 71 healthy university students participated in the study. For quantification of 62 ECG‐based parameters (heart rate variability, as well as temporal and amplitude‐based parameters) for each ECG record, we used computation procedures together with publicly available data and code. Among 62 parameters, 34 were segregated into separate features according to their diagnostic relevance in clinical practice. To examine the feature influence on personality trait classification and to perform classification, we used random forest ML algorithm. Results: Classification accuracy when clinically relevant ECG features were employed was high for Disintegration (81.3%) and Honesty/humility (75.0%) and moderate to high for Openness (73.3%) and Conscientiousness (70%), while it was low for Agreeableness (56.3%), eXtraversion (47.1%), and Emotionality (43.8%). When all calculated features were used, the classification accuracies were the same or lower, except for the eXtraversion (52.9%). Correlation analysis for selected features is presented. Conclusions: Results indicate that clinically relevant features might be applicable for personality traits prediction, although no remarkable differences were found among selected groups of parameters. Physiological associations of established relationships should be further explored. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper focuses on the automatic classification of self-assessed personality traits from the HEXACO inventory during crowded mingle scenarios. These scenarios provide rich study cases for social behavior analysis but are also challenging to analyze automatically as people in them interact dynamically and freely in an in-the-wild face-to-face setting. To do so, we leverage the use of wearable sensors recording acceleration and proximity, and video from overhead cameras. We use 3 different behavioral modality types (movement, speech and proximity) coming from 2 sensors (wearable and camera). Unlike other works, we extract an individual’s speaking status from a single body worn triaxial accelerometer instead of audio, which scales easily to large populations. Additionally, we study the effect of different combinations of modality types on the personality estimation, and how this relates to the nature of each trait. We also include an analysis of feature complementarity and an evaluation of feature importance for the classification, showing that combining complementary modality types further improves the classification performance. We estimate the self-assessed personality traits both using a binary classification (community’s standard) and as a regression over the trait scores. Finally, we analyze the impact of the accuracy of the speech detection on the overall performance of the personality estimation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The 60‐item HEXACO (HEXACO‐60) Personality Trait Inventory may be strategically more important for researchers compared to the 100‐item HEXACO. The aim of this study was to assess the psychometric properties of the 60‐item HEXACO questionnaire in the Serbian language. This cross‐sectional study, conducted at three of five Faculties of Medicine during the summer semester of the 2016/2017 academic year, included 617 students. Relevant data were collected by an anonymous questionnaire. Cronbach's α and McDonald's ω coefficients for the total scale were.71 and.72, respectively. Apart from Agreeableness, all other domains showed an adequate level of internal consistency (both Cronbach's α and McDonald's ω coefficients were >.70). Random data eigenvalues obtained on the parallel analysis had higher values than initial exploratory factor analysis eigenvalues up to the sixth factor. Accordingly, it was concluded that six factors should be extracted from the Serbian HEXACO‐60. These factors corresponded in item distribution with the original ones. Based on the confirmatory factor analysis, using both 60 items and 24 facets, overall goodness of fit of the Serbian HEXACO‐60 was acceptable. Moreover, there were no domains with completely invalid indices, as there were at least two indices that were acceptable for each domain. The Serbian version of the HEXACO‐60 has acceptable psychometric properties. This shorter version with 60 items may be more suitable for brief surveys or when the time allocated to fill in a questionnaire is limited. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The HEXACO personality factors of Agreeableness‐versus‐Anger (A) and Honesty‐Humility (H) are interpreted as two complementary aspects of reciprocal altruistic tendency. Here we consider several ways of representing the positive associations between the defining traits of A and of H, through common factor analysis of self‐report HEXACO Personality Inventory—Revised (HEXACO‐PI‐R) facet scale scores (N ≈ 111,000). We describe orthogonal solutions that differ in the extent to which H facets show secondary loadings on A (and vice versa), as well as an oblique solution compatible with a higher‐order "cooperativeness" factor. We discuss the psychological plausibility of these solutions, and we review research showing differential associations of several phenomena or outcomes with A and H. We conclude that the optimal representation of A/H trait associations is not yet known but that the value of separate A and H factor scales is well established. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The word Philotimo has often been literally translated from Greek to English as 'love for honour' or a 'sense of honour'. This love for honour is described as being a pillar of upholding societal functioning at an optimal level, and an instigator of doing what is right for oneself and others; yet, there is no literature measuring or defining Philotimo. Philotimo is a commitment to unconditional selfless acts that are aligned to a sense of a moral identity ; a definition derivative of the literature search and the enquiry of the core principles of Philotimo of the present research. In six studies (N = 1144), the development and validation of the Philotimo Scale is described. In Study 1, Greek participants were asked to rate how much they thought they possessed the trait, which correlated with the total score of the scale, while in Study 2 bilingual Greeks were asked to fill in both versions of the scale with a 2-week interval. Study 3 assessed the reliability of the scale, and Study 4 its stability over time. Study 5 assessed the factor structure, and Study 6 validated the scale against other standardised scales. Together these studies propose a reliable and valid measure that is representative of the Greek sense of Philotimo. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Gedrag & Organisatie is the property of Amsterdam University Press and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Abstract Background Based on the known relationship between the human emotion and standard surface electrocardiogram (ECG), we explored the relationship between features extracted from standard ECG recorded during relaxation and seven personality traits (Honesty/humility, Emotionality, eXtraversion, Agreeableness, Conscientiousness, Openness, and Disintegration) by using the machine learning (ML) approach which learns from the ECG‐based features and predicts the appropriate personality trait by adopting an automated software algorithm. Methods A total of 71 healthy university students participated in the study. For quantification of 62 ECG‐based parameters (heart rate variability, as well as temporal and amplitude‐based parameters) for each ECG record, we used computation procedures together with publicly available data and code. Among 62 parameters, 34 were segregated into separate features according to their diagnostic relevance in clinical practice. To examine the feature influence on personality trait classification and to perform classification, we used random forest ML algorithm. Results Classification accuracy when clinically relevant ECG features were employed was high for Disintegration (81.3%) and Honesty/humility (75.0%) and moderate to high for Openness (73.3%) and Conscientiousness (70%), while it was low for Agreeableness (56.3%), eXtraversion (47.1%), and Emotionality (43.8%). When all calculated features were used, the classification accuracies were the same or lower, except for the eXtraversion (52.9%). Correlation analysis for selected features is presented. Conclusions Results indicate that clinically relevant features might be applicable for personality traits prediction, although no remarkable differences were found among selected groups of parameters. Physiological associations of established relationships should be further explored.

Nowadays, people have started to spend more and more time using the Internet, which has a crucial impact on people’s lives. Individual personality type is often the main factor dictating the various behaviors that people carry out, and it dominates their activities when socializing, communicating, and making choices in the virtual world. This study is dedicated to uncovering how the six dimensions of personality traits relate to players’ in-game behavior. This research is divided into two studies. Study 1 uses the K-means method to classify players in “Clash of Kings”, an online strategy video game, according to their activities. Using apriori algorithm, this research analyzes the correlation between in-game behavior and personality. In Study 2, the correlations are validated. In conclusion, not all personality traits are related to in-game behaviors. Players with high extraversion demonstrate more killings and attacks in games. Conscientiousness is negatively related to deaths. Emotionality shows strong extremes. The highest or lowest emotionality scores are associated with killings and attacks, while players with moderate emotionality will behave irregularly. Honesty/humility, agreeableness, and openness to experience are not predictive of in-game behaviors. For game manufacturers, players’ personality traits can be inferred through their corresponding in-game behaviors, to use in order to carry out targeted promotions.

Most Five-Factor Model (FFM) questionnaire items contain unique variance that is partly heritable, stable, and consensually observable, demonstrates consistent associations with age and sex, and predicts life outcomes beyond higher order factors. Extending these findings to the HEXACO model, we meta-analyzed single-item cross-rater agreement, heritability, and 2-year stability using samples from six countries. We analyzed raw item scores and their residual variance and adjusted the estimates for measurement unreliability. The median cross-rater agreement, heritability, and stability estimates were, respectively, .30, .30, and .57, for raw items and .10, .16, and .39, for item residuals. Adjusted for reliability, the respective medians were .46 and .25 for cross-rater agreement, .46 and .39 for heritability, and .87 and .94 for stability. These results are strikingly consistent with FFM-based findings, providing nondismissible evidence that single items index a partly unique level of the trait hierarchy-personality nuances -with trait properties comparable to those of higher-order traits., Competing Interests: Declaration of Conflicting InterestsThe author(s) declared no potential conflicts of interest with respect to the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article.

The study of volitional personality change has received increasing attention in recent years, suggesting that individuals want to change for the better particularly on those socially desirable characteristics that they lack. However, individuals do not want to change for the better on all (even socially desirable) traits alike. In a meta-analytic summary of evidence on the Big Five, we demonstrate that individuals' trait levels are only negatively related to their change goals for Neuroticism, Extraversion, and Conscientiousness, but not for Agreeableness and Openness to Experience. In three studies, two of them preregistered, we replicated these meta-analytic findings using the HEXACO model, showing negative relations between trait levels and change goals for all dimensions, except Honesty-Humility and Openness to Experience. Strikingly, however, these trait-specific differences in correlations of trait levels and change goals disappeared once providing individuals with personality feedback before assessing their change goals, suggesting that individuals may generally want to change for the better once having sufficient self-knowledge. Nonetheless, the mechanisms driving this desire differ between traits: Whereas the perceived social desirability of individuals' trait levels accounted for change goals on most HEXACO dimensions, it did not account for change goals on Honesty-Humility and Openness to Experience. By implication, a desire to have socially desirable characteristics that one lacks can explain change goals for some traits, but not for those traits underlying individual differences in values. As an aside, the studies offer vital information on personality development of the HEXACO dimensions over time, spanning 10 and 3.5 years, respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Dark tourism can be defined as form of tourism that is related to death and suffering and is often a subject of debate whether it is a deviant form of tourism. Previous research on dark tourism in vulnerable post-conflict areas, such as South-Eastern Europe, has overlooked the nature of visitor personalities. Accordingly, the aim of the present study was to determine which basic and Dark Tetrad traits are related to preference of dark tourism sites. The sample consisted of 227 participants from Serbia (73.6% women). Using a multivariate general linear model, it was found that Machiavellianism was positively related to the preference for dark exhibitions and psychopathy to preference for visiting conflict/battle sites, while sadism was negatively related to preference for fun factories as an additional type of dark tourism sites. Narcissism showed no relation with the preference of dark tourism sites. Hence, only agreeableness and honesty-humility showed a significant and positive association with the preference of dark tourism sites (dark exhibitions and conflict/battle sites). These results provide a novel insight into dark sites visitors' personalities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Although several studies have linked Life History Strategy (LHS) variation with variation in the Five Factor Model personality dimensions, no published research has explored the relationship of LHS to the HEXACO personality dimensions. The theoretically expected relationship of the HEXACO Emotionality factor to LHS is unclear. The results of two studies (N = 641) demonstrated that LHS indicators form part of a factor along with HEXACO Extraversion, Agreeableness, Conscientiousness, and (marginally) Honesty-Humility. People higher on these dimensions pursue a slower LHS. Neither Openness nor Emotionality was associated with this factor. Holding LHS constant, social involvement with kin was consistently predicted by higher Emotionality and was not consistently predicted by any other HEXACO factor. These results support a view of Emotionality as part of an LHS-independent personality dimension that influences the provision and receipt of kin altruism.

Contrary to the common notion that personality and intelligence are unrelated constructs, numerous correlational studies have demonstrated substantial associations between the two domains. Moreover, samples of intellectually gifted individuals have been found to differ from the general population in specific aspects of their personalities. However, most studies so far have relied on the Five-Factor Model of Personality (FFM), while none have investigated this phenomenon using the HEXACO personality framework. We recruited 617 adult members of the international high-IQ society MENSA and compared them to 3 reference samples (combined N = 112,637) regarding their personalities as measured by the HEXACO-60 personality inventory. We found that gifted persons scored higher in Honesty-Humility and Conscientiousness but lower in Emotionality compared to reference samples. Interestingly, gifted individuals scored only slightly higher in Openness to Experience, and no consistent differences emerged for Agreeableness. We demonstrate that some known personality differences between gifted and non-gifted persons translate from the FFM to the HEXACO model, while others do not. Our results indicate that within the HEXACO factor structure differences in sociability are more pronounced, while intellect-related differences are comparatively weak.

This study aimed to further investigate the perceived attractiveness of the Dark Triad (DT) personality in different types of relationships (i.e. friendship, short-term and long-term relationship) controlling for basic personality traits from the HEXACO model. The participants were 167 female students (M = 20.82 years, SD = 1.54) who rated personality and attractiveness of a man with highly expressed DT characteristics (n = 91) or a low-scoring DT character (n = 76) presented in a vignette. In line with recent findings, we observed a high negative correlation between the Honesty-Humility factor and DT personality (r = -.88, p < .001). As hypothesized, there was a significant difference in attractiveness ratings for the two characters in the context of different interpersonal relationships, with high DT character rated as significantly more attractive than the low DT character in the context of short-term mating. Furthermore, the hierarchical regression analysis showed that DT personality had a unique contribution in predicting attractiveness in the context of short-term relationship, after controlling for the basic personality traits.

During the first wave of the pandemic, governments introduced public health measures in an attempt to slow the spread of the virus enough to “flatten the curve”. These measures required behavioral changes among ordinary individuals for the collective good of many. We explore how personality might explain who complies with social distancing measures and who defies these directives. We also examine whether providing people with information about the expected second wave of the pandemic changes their intention to comply in the future. To do so, we draw upon a unique dataset with more than 1,700 respondents. We find honest rule-followers and careful and deliberate planners exhibit greater compliance whereas those who are entitled, callous, and antagonistic are less likely to engage in social distancing. Our experimental results show that even small differences in messaging can alter the effect of personality on compliance. For those who are more fearful and anxious, being confronted with more information about the severity of the second-wave resulted in higher levels of anticipated social distancing compliance. At the same time, we find that the same messages can have the unintended consequence of reducing social compliance among people higher in Machiavellianism.

Objective: There is a considerable body of evidence from the last 20 years, indicating the need for the reconceptualization of the highest level of the personality structure that the Big Five/Five‐Factor Model (FFM) was assumed to occupy. The main goal of the presented study was to test the relationships between two models that have been developed in this respect: The Circumplex of Personality Metatraits (CPM), based on the higher‐order factors of the Big Five, and the HEXACO model including a sixth basic personality dimension (Honesty‐Humility). Method: The sample consisted of 500 respondents (56.8% females; Mage = 31.9, SDage = 14.0), all of whom completed the CPM, HEXACO, and FFM measures. Results: The results corroborated the expectation that the HEXACO model can be coherently located within the CPM model, despite the latter is rooted in the FFM research tradition. However, this substantial integration has been made possible by a relatively slight but crucial modification of the CPM, already suggested by previous research. Conclusion: After the modification, which concerned the location of the Neuroticism/Emotional stability trait, the CPM enables a comprehensive integration of major models of personality structure encompassing the Two‐Factor Model, the FFM, and the HEXACO. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: This study explores a personality inventory derived from the results of an indigenous lexical study of personality. From the 272 most commonly used personality descriptors in Khoekhoegowab, the most-spoken of extant Khoesan click languages of southern Africa, an 11-factor model of personality-trait structure was identified. Here, the Khoekhoegowab Personality Inventory (KPI) was created based on those results. Its psychometric properties, the convergent and divergent validity of its scales, and its incremental validity over Big Five and Six traits for predicting physical and mental health, religious practice and attitudes, and income are reported. Methods: Two to five key terms were selected for each of 10 KPI scales: Temperance, Prosocial Diligence, Gossip, Honesty/Morality, Temper, Implacability, Humility, Vanity, Resiliency vs. Agitation, and Courage vs. Fear. These 38 total items were administered to a large sample of adult speakers of Khoekhoegowab in Namibia (N = 632), together with five imported inventories translated into Khoekhoegowab: the 30-item Questionnaire Big Six (QB6), General Self-Reported Health, the Cascades Mental Health Assessment, the Satisfaction with Life Scale, the Duke Religion Index. The properties and intercorrelations of KPI subscales are explored, and their predictive ability for the other variables is compared to that of the QB6. Results: Due to the small number of items on each scale, poor internal consistency was anticipated, but the KPI scales' properties were somewhat better than those of the QB6. R-square change by the inventories as a whole, after accounting for age and gender, indicted that the KPI scales explained more variance than the QB6 scales in almost all criterion variables. Replication of established associations for Big Six traits was mixed: associations were largely as expected for Resiliency, Conscientiousness, and Honesty, but less so for Agreeableness and Extraversion. Conclusions: The KPI had some advantages over the QB6 in predicting physical and mental health. In particular, the four items of Resiliency vs. Agitation predicted lower scores on all physical and mental problem scales. Given psychological-care needs in Namibia, this might be used as a non-intrusive screener. Measurement challenges common to both surveys are discussed, possible solutions, and the utility of higher-order structures are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The study aimed to verify the psychometric properties of the 100-item HEXACO-PI-R questionnaire. The sample consisted of 1624 adults aged from 16 to 79 years (M=34.5, SD=13.35) who filled the paper-pen self-report form of the HEXACO-PI-R. The average internal consistency of the six factors was a=.78 (from .72 for Openness to .81 for Honesty-Humility) and a=.60 for facets. The Altruism scale in the Slovak translation did not reach a satisfactory internal consistency (a=.29). Mean values in the Slovak-speaking sample were 3.29, and standard deviations .53 for factor level and .74 at the facet level. Sex differences showed the higher Emotionality (d=.99) and Honesty-Humility (d= .38) in women. Age differences in Honesty-Humility showed a medium effect size. Factors did not inter-correlate, or they correlated weakly, except for r=.34 in the relationship between Agreeableness and Honesty-Humility. The factors were well distinguished from one another. The exploratory factor analysis with Promax rotation confirmed the six-factor model, which explained in total 44% of data variance, with an average loading of .60. Individual one-factor models met most of the goodness of fit criteria in confirmatory factor analysis, but the six-factor model did not meet them. The controversy associated with assessing the internal structure of multidimensional personality inventories by confirmatory factor analysis is discussed. According to the currently published research studies, the research findings supported the reliability and internal validity of HEXACO-PI-R in Slovak translation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Bilecik Seyh Edebali University Journal of Social Sciences is the property of Bilecik Seyh Edebali University Journal of Social Sciences and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

• We study individual differences in donations to two groups of earthquake victims. • Both contextual and personality factors were related to overall amount donated. • Honesty-humility was the strongest personality predictor above and beyond contextual factors. • Most individuals donated equally to the two victim groups; only some were selective in their donations. This pre-registered study assessed actual donations to two groups of victims of the earthquake in Turkey and Syria in February 2023 while considering various theoretically-relevant contextual and personality factors as determinants of donations. In a diverse German online sample (N = 496), most participants (62.9 %) donated something, and only few (24.0 %) were selective in their donations, donating more to one group of victims than to the other. Dispositional honesty-humility added to the prediction of donation behavior beyond contextual factors. Selective donations, however, were largely driven by (contextual) perceptions of need. Overall, our findings provide novel insights into donation behavior and highlight the importance of personality in understanding individual differences in donations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Although personality traits have been widely shown to play a role in deceptive lying, the boundary conditions of lying remains unclear. The current study investigated the role of the six HEXACO dimensions on the perceived acceptability and likelihood of lying across five motivations: self-gain, vindictiveness, conflict avoidance, social acceptability, and altruistic. A sample of 282 Canadian university students read 20 brief scenarios describing a character engaging in lying for self-oriented (i.e., self-gain, vindictive, conflict avoidance, and social acceptability) and other-oriented (i.e., altruistic) reasons. Participants were asked to rate how acceptable the lie was, and the likelihood they would lie in a similar situation, as well as completing the 100-item HEXACO. While findings indicate that the HEXACO informs attitudes and propensities towards lying, its influence is not uniform across all lying behaviour. Honesty-humility was negatively associated with the acceptance of and likelihood of lying for any self-oriented motivation but was not associated with the acceptance of and likelihood of lying to benefit another person. The remaining HEXACO dimensions were more delimited in their influence over lying. Further, findings suggest that reasons for lying cannot easily be dichotomized into self-centered versus other-centered motivations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Personality traits make changes in patterns of behavior of OGD users. • Trust and Performance Expectancy are main predictors of behavioral intention to adopt and use OGD. • Openness to experience positively impacts most OGD technology acceptance factors. • Agreeable people are more likely to Voluntarily Use OGD. • Excessive Emotionality makes users sensitive OGD System and Information Quality related issues. The academic interest in the Open Government Data (OGD) domain has been burgeoning over the years. Conceding that the prime focus of an OGD initiative is its further re-use for value creation and innovation by stakeholders, the present study seeks to underscore the role of HEXACO personality traits on behavioral intention (BI) to adopt and use OGD in developing countries' context. We investigate the direct, indirect, and moderating effects of HEXACO personality traits provide a better understanding of how and to what extent personality traits influence future behavioral intention to use OGD. The results demonstrate that Trust and Performance Expectancy are positive predictors of BI to adopt and use OGD. Users with higher Openness to Experience tend to have higher Effort and Performance Expectancy; are characterized by exposure to Social Influence; have higher level of Trust and positive experience of Facilitating Conditions and Information Quality. Agreeable people are more likely to Voluntarily Use OGD. Conscientiousness enhances the individual's perception of OGD quality-related factors. Excessive Emotionality affects negative perception to System and Information Quality issues. Honesty–Humility and Extraversion are able to maintain the effect of OGD Information Quality and Trust on users' BI. Our findings could be useful for practitioners to level the divergence between actual and potential use of OGD by considering the user's personality traits.. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective Personality traits influence human behaviour across a broad range of situations and are consequently relevant to many theoretical and applied disciplines. In this perspective piece, we provide an overview of the logic underpinning personality measurement and review major personality taxonomies. We provide an extensive set of recommendations for researchers and practitioners on when and how to use measures of personality traits. Method We overview a range of taxonomic representations of personality structure focusing particularly on hierarchical representations and five and six factor models such as the Big Five and HEXACO models. We review the various strengths and weaknesses of each approach. Results The review outlines the major reasons for the dominance of the Big Five model, and suggests it is a good descriptive framework for studying personality in general. However we suggest that researchers and practitioners also consider alternative taxonomic personality representations such as the HEXACO. We provide a range of scenarios whereby alternative frameworks will be more appropriate than the Big Five and offer recommendations both for choosing measures in general and for implementing studies examining personality facets. Conclusion Whilst the Big Five represents an excellent general personality framework that is appropriate across multiple situations, researchers and practitioners should be aware of alternative measures and utilise them where appropriate.

Background. Although the Big Five model (BFM) of personality has been the dominant paradigm in personality research since the mid-1990s, it has recently been challenged by the HEXACO model, which contains an additional factor called Honesty-Humility. Since both these models of personality were developed using the same factor analytic techniques, there has been an ongoing but inconclusive debate about the relative merits of these competing models. Objective. Tis paper assesses the robustness of the Honesty-Humility trait using a technique based on the semantic relationships between personality trait adjectives. Design. Trait marker adjectives for the HEXACO Honesty-Humility and BFM Agreeableness and Neuroticism personality domains in the English language are translated into, and back-translated from, six Asian languages to generate lists of closely related trait terms known as schedonyms. Te numbers of schedonyms found within and across the three personality domains are then compared, to determine whether the HEXACO Honesty-Humility factor is semantically distinct from the BFM traits of Agreeableness and Neuroticism. Results. Our fndings indicate that the Honesty-Humility trait domain is semantically distinct from the BFM traits of Agreeableness and Neuroticism, and therefore that there is at least one more personality trait beyond the BFM. Te implications of these fndings, and the potential applications of this semantically-based technique for establishing the universal structure of the human personality, are briefy discussed. Conclusion. Our semantic analysis provides clear evidence that there is an Honesty-Humility trait domain in addition to the Agreeableness and Neuroticism traits, and therefore that HEXACO provides a better description of human personality than the BFM.

The usual distinction between rational and intuitive thinking styles is still a subject of scientific debate, as there is no consensus about their nature, mutual relations and relations to other personality constructs. Cognitive-experiential self-theory (CEST) proposes rational and experiential thinking styles as original personality constructs not fully explainable by five-factor personality models. Following CEST, we aimed to examine: 1. The uniqueness of rational and experiential dimensions by relating them to other personality constructs: trait emotional intelligence (TEI) and HEXACO; 2. Thinking style profiles defined through combined rational and experiential dimensions, and the possible role of TEI in understanding them. A total of 270 undergraduate students (82% females) completed the TEIQue-SF, REI-40, and HEXACO-PI-R. Our results showed that constructs from all three paradigms were low to moderately correlated to each other. TEI had incremental validity in explaining both rational and experiential dimensions, but large amounts of their variances remained unexplained by both TEI and HEXACO. We revealed four thinking style profiles defined through combined rational and experiential dimensions. TEI was the highest when both dimensions were high and the lowest when both were low, which could be related to processes of understanding and managing emotional functioning – proposed as an essential part of TEI, while within CEST they are seen as the way in which rationality influences experientiality. This finding might be of specific significance for understanding irrationality as not exclusively related to high intuition, but to low rationality as well.

Introduction The COVID-19 pandemic situation creates specific conditions for increased anxiety and increased attention to respiratory sensations. This can become a favorable ground for the occurrence of dysfunctional breathing. Dysfunctional breathing is a pattern of breathing that does not meet physiological needs and can lead to respiratory, cardiovascular, digestive disorders and neurological dysfunctions (Chaitow et al.,2014) Objectives The aim of the study is to identify “personality predictors” for the occurrence of dysfunctional breathing in the Russian population during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods The author’s socio-demographic questionnaire, the Naimigen Questionnaire (VanDixhoorn, Duivenvoordent, 1984), HEXACO-PI-R (Ashton, Lee, 2017; Egorova, Psrshikova, Mitina, 2019), and The State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (Spielberger, 1983; Leonova, 2013) were used. The study was conducted online from April 27 to May 27. 582 people from all regions of Russia attended it, including 496 women and 86 men aged 18 to 64 years. Results Dysfunctional breathing has a direct correlation with personal anxiety (r=0.543, p=0.000) and emotionality (r=0.370,p=0.000), as well as a negative correlation with the personality traits of Honesty/ Humility(r=-0.153, p=0.000), Extraversion (r=-0.247, p=0.000), Agreeableness (r=-0.226, p=0.000), and Conscientiousness (r=-0.128, p=0.002). Conclusions Thus, in the COVID-19 pandemic context, dysfunctional breathing was detected in people with increased trait anxiety and pronounced emotionality, as well as in people with hostility and low conscientiousness/organization, as well as in introverts and those who are inclined to demonstrate social status. The occurrence of dysfunctional breathing during a pandemic can be interpreted as a sign of coronavirus disease by those people, which can motivate them to seek medical help, and thus increase the burden on the healthcare system.

Social dominance orientation (SDO), i.e. the preference toward egalitarian or hierarchically arranged relations within a society may be studied from social/contextual, but also dispositional perspective. The aim of the present study was to explore genetic and environmental contribution to the individual differences in SDO, and its overlap with HEXACO personality traits, both at phenotypic and latent genetic and environmental levels. The sample consisted of 830 Croatian twins aged 19 to 28 years who filled-in the self-report measures. Data analyses indicated the heritability of SDO was over 40%, with no evidence for the common environmental influences. SDO phenotypic variance substantially overlapped with Honesty-Humility, Emotionality, and Openness domains. Numerous significant correlations were found at the facet level, with the highest phenotypic overlap for the “interstitial” altruism facet. However, incremental predictive power of personality (over age and sex) was moderate: 13% and 19% of the phenotypic SDO variance was predicted by HEXACO traits at the domains and facet levels, respectively. Multivariate behavioural genetic analysis indicated that 19% and 3% of the genetic and unique environmental variance of SDO overlapped with the genetic and unique environmental variance of personality, respectively. Substantial genetic correlations of SDO with Honesty-Humility and Openness domains were found, while marginal unique environmental correlation was found for Openness domain only. The etiological overlap between SDO and personality represents an argument in favour of taking dispositional along with social/contextual perspective in explaining social behaviour.

Perfectionism is a personality trait that plays an important role in understanding human behavior and functioning. There has been a focus on the negative aspects and outcomes of perfectionism, and less is known about whether and how perfectionism relates to adaptive characteristics of personality and normal functioning. We investigated associations between different aspects of perfectionism and psychological well-being in two studies by determining the role of dispositional flow and personality traits in this relationship. In Study 1, participants completed questionnaires for perfectionism, psychological well-being and flow. In Study 2, personality traits from the HEXACO model of personality were additionally measured. We found that psychological well-being had a positive correlation with conscientious perfectionism and a negative correlation with self-evaluative perfectionism. Flow mediates the relationship between conscientious perfectionism and psychological well-being. There was no correlation between self-evaluative perfectionism and dispositional flow. After controlling for relevant personality traits, dispositional flow remains the mediator between conscientious perfectionism and psychological well-being, but the relation becomes negative. Implications for the understanding of how different components of perfectionism are related to psychological well-being and how flow experience contributes to this relationship are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Adolescents' involvement in bullying situations is—at least partially—personality trait‐activated. Although some studies investigated personality correlates of bullying and being victimized, little is known about personality correlates of bystander responses (i.e., reinforcing, outsider behavior, indirect defending, and direct defending). The present study investigated whether Dutch adolescents' self‐reported HEXACO personality traits could explain their peer‐reported involvement in bullying (N = 552; Mage = 13.4 years, SD = 0.8 years). The results show that bullying was negatively related to honesty‐humility, emotionality, agreeableness (for boys specifically), and openness, whereas reinforcing was only negatively related to honesty‐humility and openness. Conversely, direct defending and outsider behavior were positively related to honesty‐humility, emotionality, and openness, whereas indirect defending was only positively related to emotionality and openness. Furthermore, reinforcing was positively related to extraversion (for boys only), whereas outsider behavior was negatively related extraversion and positively to conscientiousness. Finally, being victimized was positively related to emotionality and negatively to extraversion. These findings contribute to our understanding of the heterogeneity in adolescents' involvement in bullying and fit the view of bullying and defending as strategic and goal‐directed behavior. Implications for bullying prevention programs are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aimed to further investigate the perceived attractiveness of the Dark Triad (DT) personality in different types of relationships (i.e. friendship, short-term and long-term relationship) controlling for basic personality traits from the HEXACO model. The participants were 167 female students (M = 20.82 years, SD = 1.54) who rated personality and attractiveness of a man with highly expressed DT characteristics (n = 91) or a low-scoring DT character (n = 76) presented in a vignette. In line with recent findings, we observed a high negative correlation between the Honesty-Humility factor and DT personality (r = -.88, p < .001). As hypothesized, there was a significant difference in attractiveness ratings for the two characters in the context of different interpersonal relationships, with high DT character rated as significantly more attractive than the low DT character in the context of short-term mating. Furthermore, the hierarchical regression analysis showed that DT personality had a unique contribution in predicting attractiveness in the context of short-term relationship, after controlling for the basic personality traits. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of the current study was to examine the HEXACO personality traits in relation to followers' preference for charismatic, relationship-oriented, and task-oriented leadership. Based on the similarity perspective, we expected followers high on Honesty-Humility, Extraversion, and Openness to Experience to prefer a charismatic leader, and those followers high on conscientiousness and low on Openness to Experience to prefer a task-oriented leader. In addition, from a need fulfillment perspective, we expected followers high on Emotionality to prefer a task- and a relationship-oriented leader. We examined these expectations using paper vignette methodology in a sample of 272 undergraduates. The results showed that most participants preferred a relationship-oriented leader over a charismatic or task-oriented leader. In addition, we found support for all our hypotheses, with the exception of the relations between Honesty-Humility and preference for charismatic leadership, and Conscientiousness and preference for task-oriented leadership. Our findings contribute to the nomological network of the role of follower characteristics in the leader-follower relationship. Implications and suggestions for research on charismatic leadership are provided. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: Although dark traits as studied in mainstream personality research and socially aversive psychopathology as studied in abnormal psychology intend to account for the same classes of behavior, their degree of conceptual and, consequently, empirical correspondence has remained limited at best. We aim to overcome this divide by demonstrating clear convergence between the common core of all dark traits (the Dark Factor of Personality, D) and the four prominent instances of socially aversive psychopathology: narcissistic, antisocial, paranoid, and borderline tendencies. Method: In a large‐scale, eight‐month longitudinal study we assessed D, basic personality (the six HEXACO dimensions), and narcissistic, antisocial, paranoid, and borderline tendencies at time 1 (N = 2,329) and the latter aversive tendencies again at time 2 (N = 668) using different inventories. Results: D predicted all instances of socially aversive psychopathology cross‐sectionally and longitudinally, with a large effect size on average, beyond the six HEXACO dimensions and even beyond the very same instances (measured through a different inventory). Conclusions: Bridging mainstream personality and abnormal psychology, the findings reveal strong, theory‐consistent correspondence between dark traits and socially aversive psychopathology once dark traits are viewed through the lens of their common core, D. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

background Decision making is one of the basic human activities. Indecisiveness, i.e. the stable tendency towards not making decisions in a timely manner, may influence the quality and speed in decision making and have long-term consequences for our professional and personal life. The goal of this research was to examine the position of indecisiveness within the HEXACO model of personality, at both the broad domains and narrow facets level. A secondary goal was to translate the Frost & Shows Indecisiveness Scale (IS) into the Croatian language and examine its validity and reliability. participants and procedure An internet-based sample size of 296 participants filled in both short and long version of Indecisiveness Scale and the HEXACO-PI-R. results The results show that the IS retains the original one-factor structure as proposed by the original authors and has a high reliability. The shortened version shows properties very similar to the longer version and is deemed an appropriate replacement. Extraversion showed the highest positive correlation with indecisiveness, followed by negative correlations with conscientiousness, emotionality and agreeableness. conclusions The Croatian translation of the IS is a valid and reliable measure. The results also confirm that the shortened 11-item version can be used as a replacement for the full 15-item version. Since there was no measure of indecisiveness in Croatian before, this instrument could be used in the future by researchers interested in this construct. It was shown that extraversion has the strongest relationship with indecisiveness, followed by conscientiousness, emotionality and agreeableness. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

SYNOPSIS: We investigate whether personality traits affect graduate business students' decisions to start their career (1) in the accounting profession, and (2) at a Big 4 accounting firm. Survey data (n = 348) show that students with lower levels of openness to experience are more likely to seek careers in accounting. Further, students with higher levels of narcissism are more likely to start their careers in a Big 4 firm. Additionally, the effect of narcissism on students' decisions to seek careers at Big 4 firms is fully mediated by their attitudes toward the Big 4. Compared to students who seek careers at non-Big 4 firms, Big 4 career seekers believe that the Big 4 offer higher salaries, better opportunities for training, experience, and networking, more advancement opportunities, better career prospects, more interesting, challenging, and fulfilling work, more friendly colleagues, a better relationship with supervisors, more job security, and higher prestige. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The relationship between personality characteristics and premenstrual syndrome has been considered by the researchers for a long time. The purpose of the present study was to determine the relationship between personality characteristics based on Hexaco six-factor model with symptoms of premenstrual syndrome. Methods: This is a descriptive-analytic study. The statistical population consisted of female students in Kermanshah Medical Sciences University in the academic year 2017–2018. In a random sampling method based on the G-power software 220 ones were selected. The participants responded to Hexaco personality characteristics and premenstrual syndrome questionnaires. The correlation and multivariate regression tests were used for data analysis through SPSS-23 software. There was a significant relationship between personality characteristics of honesty-humility (0.32) and openness experience (0.23) with premenstrual syndrome (p

Despite a long tradition linking individual differences in personality to a variety of different political outlooks and philosophies, little attention has been devoted to the potential relationship between personality and populist attitudes. Drawing on survey data from more than 2,500 Canadians of voting age, this article provides a first look at the relationship between personality (general and dark traits) and populist attitudes. Even when controlling for a variety of factors like age, sex, income, education, labour market situation, and a number of others, the results reveal a consistent role for personality. In terms of general personality, the results reveal a significant relationship between populist attitudes and three traits: honesty-humility, emotionality, and conscientiousness. As for the dark traits, narcissism is significantly and negatively related to populist sentiment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]