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We have developed a new MgO film synthesizing method employing HCD-ARE which enables high film deposition rates up to 73nmls. This method was found to prevent thermal damage to the glass substrate during deposition. The discharge voltage characteristics of AC-PDPS protected by MgO film prepared by HCD-ARE were determined to be sufficient for practical application.

The differential diagnosis of fasting hyperglycemia in type I diabetes includes the Somogyi effect, the dawn phenomenon, and insufficient insulin administration. To determine the causes of fasting hyperglycemia and their effect on subsequent daytime blood glucose control, the authors retrospectively reviewed blood glucose profiles of 126 patients with type I diabetes. The Somogyi effect accounted for 12.6% of all instances of fasting hyperglycemia, the dawn phenomenon, 24.1%, and poor control, 63.3%. Measurement of 3 AM and 5 AM blood glucose values is the key to making a correct diagnosis. Once a patient's fasting hyperglycemia is placed in one of these groups, appropriate treatment can be started.

Magnetic susceptibility of a quasi two-dimensional magnet manganese stearate is measured between 0.05 – 80 K by a Hartshorn bridge method. The molar susceptibility follows the Curie-Weiss law in high temperature range: χ m = 4.8/ (T + 40) (emu/mol). A transition to weak-ferromagnetic ordered state occurs at about 0.5 K, where the susceptibility maximum is observed. χ H + σ measured by the use of SQUID magnetometer indicates the appearance of spontaneous magnetization below 0.5 K. A preliminary study of a monolayer structure gives a shift of the maximum of χ H + σ to about 0.3 K.

The single‐determinant Dirac–Fock self‐consistent‐field method is applied to closed‐shell polyatomic molecules and numerical calculations are performed on H2, LiH, Li2, HF, F2, and H2CO. The Gaussian‐type functions are employed to express the molecular spinors. Nonrelativistic calculations are also made using the equation of the nonrelativistic limit of the Dirac–Fock equation.

A cylindrical solid beam has great disadvantages in high current, high energy ion implantation. These disadvantages are poor heat dissipation, nonuniformity of the beam itself and difficulty of irradiation on large area samples. A sheet ion source and an irradiation system have been developed, in which beltlike samples could be run perpendicular to a sheet ion beam. The design and operation principles are reported.

The Verdet constants of the hydrogen and acetylene molecules and their dispersions as a function of wavelength were calculated by means of an ab initio STO-3G molecular orbital method. The results are in good agreement with experiment.

The valence and core ionization potentials of Ne, Mg, and H 2 O have been calculated by using the one-body Green's function. The self-energy part was taken to include the second order and the ω 2 -dependent terms, third order in the perturbation.

Mechanisms of the conversion of poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) radicals produced by ball-milling have been investigated by means of ESR. The spectrum observed after a short milling time (0·1 h) at 77 K in vacuum was resolved into the three components, a triplet, a nonet and a doublet. The nonet, the triplet and the doublet are ascribed to the three kinds of radical: respectively. On the other hand, it was found that the spectrum after milling for more than 18 h at 77 K in a vacuum consisted of the nonet and the doublet, which had been converted from the triplet. The conversion of the triplet to the doublet during long milling suggests inter- and/or intra-hydrogen abstraction by the radical responsible for the triplet. The doublet observed after milling for longer than 18 h did not change its line-shape up to 263 K but on further warming to 273 K for 0·1 h the spectrum changed to give a triplet component. This reproduction of the triplet was interpretated in terms of β-bond scission to the unpaired electron of the radical (C), due to the thermal treatment. The bond scission was confirmed by the observed decrease in the molecular weight after the heat treatment. The radical (B) formed by the β-scission abstracts the hydrogen in the PMMA parent molecule to produce a radical of the species (C). This cyclic reaction leads to a self-degradation.

The scope of this title is now very wide and may be conveniently divided into three parts: (a) conformational statistics, (b) statistical mechanics of many-body systems, and (c) dynamic theory. The review is not intended to cover all branches of each field; rather it is confined to a selected group of topics. Em­ phasis is focused primarily on the philosophy, molecular models, and theoretical methods for the study of dilute solutions, with a critical analysis of controversies in the literature. No extensive mention is made of experimental work on specific problems. These subjects have recently been reviewed, with many references cited, by Fixman & Stockmayer (I), Yamakawa (2, 3), and Casassa (4). Major attention is therefore given to the advances made during the past several years, but earlier fundamental work is also mentioned to some extent. The first area to be discussed concerns the statistical mechanics of a single polymer chain without excluded volume, including the statistics of real chains (discrete-chain modcl or rotational-isomeric model), random flight chains, and stiff chains (wormlike chain model). The so-called conformational statistics of real chains have been developed in a very sophisticated fashion during the past decade and reviewed by Flory (5,6) and Nagai (7) ; earlier work is found in books by Volkenstein (8) and by Birshtein & Ptitsyn (9). This subject is briefly reviewed, and the statistics of random flight chains and wormlike chains are discussed in the next two sections. The second topic concerns the statistical mechanics of excluded volume effects in a single chain and also in dilute and moderately concentrated solutions. Such many-body problems have not been solved completely except under certain limited conditions, and many controver­ sies still remain. This area is critically reviewed in the section on Excluded Volume Effects. No mention is made of the theory of bulk polymers and the thermodynamics of cooperative phenomena and concentrated solutions, for instance, the equation-of-state approach. The latter has recently been reviewed by Flory (10), Patterson (11, 12), and Koningsveld (13).

A new version for the marlowe code, which enables dynamic simulation of damage processes during ion implantation to be performed, has been developed. This simulation code is based on uses of the Ziegler–Biersack–Littmark potential [in Proceedings of the International Engineering Congress on Ion Sources and Ion‐Assisted Technology, edited by T. Takagi (Ionic Co., Tokyo, 1983), p. 1861] for elastic scattering and Firsov’s equation [O. B. Firsov, Sov. Phys. JETP 61, 1453 (1971)] for electron stopping. By introducing a damage function f(z)=l−exp[−ΔE(z)/Ecrit], where ΔE(z) is the deposition energy due to nuclear stopping per unit volume at depth z and Ecrit is the critical energy assessed from the experiment, the present code allows us to simulate how the crystalline structure at depth z transforms to the disordered structure, resulting in the marked change in the penetration of implanted ions as ion implantation proceeds. To examine the applicability of the present simulation code for practical ion implantat...

An extension of the equal-area method of determining transient stability limits, applicable to power systems that can be reduced to two equivalent machines

Two types of 400 keV ion accelerators have been developed for surface study and atomic collision experiments. The features of the systems are: (1) extremely stable accelerating voltage, (2) low emittance of the beam, (3) a very low X-ray dose rate, and (4) compact design. The beam optics of the systems are explained and the method of the energy calibration is described. Then their performance and the application are reported.

For straight Bloch walls in uniaxial bubble films, the dependence of the peak velocity and of the saturation velocity on the film thickness is given as v \propto l/h according to Slonczewski's HBL (horizontal Bloch line) model. This dependence could not be verified experimentally. For thick films the saturation velocity seems to increase again with increasing film thickness. Here the results of a direct numerical solution of the equations of motion are presented and compared with the HBL model and experimental results. The saturation velocity resulting from this simulation shows a dependence on the drive field even in case of low loss materials. This dependence increases with increasing film thickness and might explain the experimental results. Comparing the lowest value of the saturation velocity for drive fields slightly larger than necessary for punch-through with the saturation velocity predicted by the HBL model, very good agreement is found. The peak velocity is seen to decrease with increasing film thickness, but seems to tend to a finite value considerably larger than 0.

From the analysis of the susceptibility of Cu(HCOO)·4H2O in which the Cu2+ ions are on two inequivalent sites, the staggered susceptibility of a two-dimensional Heisenberg antiferromagnet is examined. From the results, and from proton NMR and heat capacity on the related salts, characteristic features of the phase transition of a two-dimensional Heisenberg antiferromagnet are inferred.

Adopting the Tamm-Dancoff and random phase approximations for the thermal decomposition of 1,2-dioxetane, the activation energy and the wavelength of the chemiluminescence have been calculated.

The Gibbs free energies of oligomers of hydrogen fluoride are calculated using the ab-initio molecular orbital method and by statistical mechanics. The equilibrium of gaseous hydrogen fluoride is discussed.

A sheath rod type negative ion source of the duoplasmatron is designed for a tandem accelerator. The accelerator is of the pellet chain type, which can provide a terminal voltage of 1.5 MV and a current of 500 μA. For the ion source it can be found that the current of the negative (H) ion beam depends on the gas flow rate, and the position of the sheath rod between the anode and the intermediate electrode. A negative (H−) ion current of 8 μA is obtained when an extraction voltage of 15 kV is applied.

The specific rotatory power of D-lactonitrile was calculated by using ab initio molecular orbital methods to give satisfactory results, 13.2° and 12.8° based on the TDA and RPA, respectively, which are in good agreement with the observed value of 8.2°.

Doping effects of metal ions in chalcogenide glass films were studied. Doped impurities were found to act as donor or acceptor centers, when impurity ions were introduced in chalcogenide glass films below the glass transition temperature. Rectifying effects were realized in chalcogenide glass films doped with Al, Cd and Mg, so it is certain that the p-n junction was formed by the impurity doping. The tunneling of electrons through gap states, however, appeared to increase the reverse current of heavily doped diodes, so that large rectifying effects were not attained. A high density of defect states especially in the surface region would be responsible for low temperature diffusion of metal ions.

Some workers have associated fecal bile acids with colon cancer frequency. They suggest that the risk for colon cancer increases with a rise in the level of total and degraded fecal bile acids. The Japanese in Hawaii, who are at high risk for this cancer, had higher concentrations of deoxycholic acid (a degraded bile acid) in their fecal specimens than did the people in Akita, Japan, who are at low risk. However, the findings for the other bile acids were unremarkable or inconsistent. These data were suggestive, but not strongly supportive, of a relationship between fecal bile acid patterns and colon cancer risk.

A case of recurrent internal carotid stenosis, one year after carotid endarterectomy, due to strangulation by scarring composed of digastric muscle, hypoglossal nerve and a branch of external carotid artery (ECA) is reported in this paper. A 34-year-old male suddenly became nauseated and developed right hemiplegia and dysphasia. He was admitted to a hospital, and the symptoms and signs improved gradually during a period of several weeks. A left carotid angiography, performed in another hospital, revealed a stenosis and wall irregularity around the highly-situated carotid bifurcation. He was transferred to our clinic with a view to being operated on. On admission, neurological examination disclosed a mild right motor weakness and motor dysphasia. A right carotid angiography revealed good cross circulation to the opposite. An EEG monitoring under the Matas test showed no outbreaks. With diagnosis of an embolism arising from carotid atheromatous plaque, a carotid endarterectomy was performed successfully. A postoperative angiography revealed good patency without stenosis nor wall irregularity around the carotid bifurcation. The postoperative and out-clinic condition was uneventful. However, one year after the operation, a left carotid angiography revealed recurrent internal carotid stenosis in a high degree. A second operation was performed and the operative findings showed an internal carotid stenosis due to strangulation by scarring composed of digastric muscle, hypoglossal nerve, a branch of ECA and connective tissue. The scarring was decompressed and a postoperative angiography revealed an improvement of the stenosis.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

The natural history of intestinal metaplasia of gastric mucosa was studied in 414 rural inhabitants; 213 males and 201 females, from Chokai Village in Akita Prefecture in the northeast part of Japan's main island of Honshu. The subjects were examined by a mobile gastrointestinal unit and were biopsied at eight standard points of the gastric mucosa. The specimens were examined histologically, and were divided into 4 grades. The metaplasia index (MI) was adopted as a quantitative expression of the severity of intestinal metaplasia of the gastric mucosa. The MI of the three areas of the village were compared with the different incidences of stomach cancer. The following results were obtained: in gastric mucosa. The average values of the MI among the male population were highest at the high-risk area, low at the low-risk area and intermediate at the moderate-risk area of gastric cancer. Whereas, the values among females showed no differences in these three areas. The risks for stomach cancer also were almost equal. These phenomena would show a very close relationship between intestinal metaplasia and the incidence of stomach cancer. There was a positive correlation (p less than 0.01) between MI and the detection rates of stomach cancer by a mass screening examination in the areas. Study of food intake and especially the salt consumption among the three areas showed a close relationship with intestinal metaplasia. Certain foods seemed to relate to intestinal metaplasia and eventually to stomach cancer. The conclusion was drawn that the development of intestinal metaplasia could be prevented by the improvement of environmental factors especially by that of food intake. Thus, the reduction in the incidence of stomach cancer also would be possible.

Photofluorographic gastric examinations have been done on a total of 6931 persons in Chokai Village, Akita. On an average 25% of all examinees were advised for precise examination using UGIS and endoscopy. Early gastric carcinoma was found in 12 cases among them, with a detection rate of 0,29%.

Of 1,749 volunteers in a screening program for gastric cancer in Japan, 206 men and 181 women received a systematic gastroscopic examination and responded to a dietary questionnaire estimating their quantitative intake of 33 food items during the past weeks. When diet was correlated with intestinal metaplasia (a precursor lesion of gastric carcinoma) found in gastroscopic biopsies, it was observed that more dried fish consumption and less vitamin A intake increased the extent of intestinal metaplasia in men. For women, there was a significant negative association of ume (pickled plum) intake with intestinal metaplasia. The implications of these findings were discussed in relation to gastric cancer.

The functional outcome of cerebral hemodynamics in the chronic stage of juvenile hydrocephalus was determined using single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT). Five patients including three with aqueductal stenosis, one with post-meningitic hydrocephalus, and one case with hydrocephalus having developed after repair of a huge occipital encephalocele. Early images of cerebral blood flow (CBF) were obtained 25 minutes after intravenous injection of 123-I-Iodoamphetamine (IMP), and late images were scanned 3 hours later. Cerebral blood volume (CBV) was also measured using 99mTc in three patients. Twenty cases with adult communicating hydrocephalus were also investigated from the point of view of shunt effectiveness. Although there was no remarkable change in the cerebrovascular bed in the juvenile cases, CBF of the remnant brain parenchyma was good irrespective of the degree of ventricular dilatation. There was a periventricular-reduced IMP uptake in each case, however it somehow matched the ventricular span. Functional outcome one to 23 years after the initial shunt operation was good in every case, despite multiple shunt revisions. Redistribution on late images had no bearing on clinical states. In adult cases, 8 patients with effective shunting demonstrated a relatively localized periventricular low perfusion, with preoperative increased cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) pressure. On the contrary, 12 patients with no improvement with or without shunting showed disproportionately widespread periventricular-reduced IMP uptake, despite low CSF pressure. The present study indicates that periventricular hemodynamics may play an important role in cerebral function compromised by hydrocephalus.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

239 adult patients with chronic subdural hematoma were reviewed in order to analyse recent characteristics, and the responsible factors affecting functional prognosis. Patients with hygroma, diagnosed by the nature of the subdural fluid, were included since the mode of treatment is regarded as the same. 226 cases were surgically treated with standardized two burr-holes and irrigation, within which 24 cases required reoperation and 13 cases were medically treated since the hematoma was small and there was no mass effect. Functional outcome was evaluated by the Glasgow Outcome Scale. The number of cases have gradually increased, especially among elderly patients and in female ones. 179 patients were categorised as having good recovery, 25 as moderately disabled, 27 as severely disabled, 3 as persistently vegetative, and 5 patients died. Aged patients with preoperative mental change and a disturbance of consciousness, with low dense or mixed dense hematoma without sizable mass effect, with watery-clear or xanthochromic fluid cavity tended to have poorer outcome. Also the prognosis of patients not operated on was poor despite the spontaneous disappearance of the cavity. The delay in re-expansion of the brain had less bearing on the functional prognosis than might be expected. The factors which impeded good recovery were primary brain damage due to preceding diseases such as cerebral infarct or hemorrhage, initial head injury, parkinsonism, and postoperative psychiatric disturbances. The mean age of these patients was significantly higher than those with good recovery.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Two recent studies of optimum designs of rotating shaft systems are shown here for nonlinear dynamic transient responses when the operating speeds pass through the critical ones. One is an optimum design problem to find a optimum shape of a rotating shaft which gives the minimum transient response where the shaft is supported by nonlinear bearings. The other is a optimum design problem to find an optimum operating curve for a rotating shaft system which yields the minimum transient response where the system is subjected to the operation with a limited power supply. To analyse the nonlinearities, the step-by-step integration techniques are used. Numerical results obtained by the gradient-based optimization methods are examined and discussed.

Recent experimental data of ShoreBaldwin (1983b) and of HorowitzWang (1984) for the apparent twisting coefficient K, which determines the breadth of the Gaussian distribution of DNA topoisomers with different linking numbers N, show that the product of K and nbp (the number of base-pairs) is nearly a constant for nbp approximately greater than 2000, but that it increases sharply with decreasing nbp for nbp approximately less than 2000. The main purpose of the present paper is to explain theoretically such behavior of K as a function of nbp. Thus the statistical mechanics of DNA topoisomers in general is developed on the basis of a twisted worm-like chain, i.e. a special case of the helical worm-like chain. The previous treatments of the N-dependent ring-closure probability, i.e. the distribution of N, which are valid only for small chain length L, are extended to the range of larger L. The variance of N is then shown to be exactly the sum of those of the writhe Wr and the twist Tw. For small values of L, the distribution of Wr is not Gaussian, and its variance or moment (Wr2) increases rather steeply with increasing L. With these and known Monte Carlo results for freely jointed chains, an empirical interpolation formula for (Wr2) is also constructed to be valid for all values of L. It predicts that (Wr2)/L increases monotonically, with increasing L to its coil-limiting value. On the other hand, the distribution of N is actually Gaussian in the practical range of N for all values of L. The conditional distribution of Wr with N fixed is also evaluated. Finally, K is expressed in terms of the torsional constant C, the stiffness parameter lambda-1 (which is equal to the Kuhn segment length and twice the persistence length for this special case), and (Wr2). The derived equation predicts that nbpK decreases monotonically to its coil-limiting value with increasing nbp. This decrease arises from the fluctuation in Wr and its neglect leads to an underestimate of C by 7 to 10%, even for short DNA with nbp approximately equal to 200. From an analysis of the experimental data of the two groups, the estimates of C = 3.1 to 3.2 X 10(-19) erg cm and lambda-1 = 1000 to 1200 A are obtained.

Seventeen patients with mediastinal malignant tumors (four neurogenic tumors, four thymomas, three germ cell tumors, two malignant lymphomas and one each of carcinoid, malignant melanoma, multiple myeloma and carcinoma simplex) were examined for the evaluation of percutaneous fine needle biopsy. In 16 cases of them, adequate materials for cytodiagnosis were obtained. Fifteen of the 17 cases (88%) were positive for malignant cells, and 1 case was negative. As for the histological types, 9 cytological diagnoses (60%) were compatible and 4 diagnoses (27%) were not. Regarding complications of percutaneous fine needle biopsy, 1 case of subcutaneous needle tract implantation was noted. Percutaneous fine needle biopsy is strongly recommended for diagnosis of mediastinal tumors.

Active intradermal skin reaction, respiratory resistance and respiratory patterns were examined in five dogs after intradermal injection or inhalation of house dust mite (Dermatophagoides farinae) extract and the results obtained were as follows: 1. Three out of the five dogs exhibited positive skin reactions against house dust mite extract solution at concentrations of 0.1 micrograms/ml to 10 micrograms/ml. 2. Inhalation of mite extract at a concentration of 1 mg/ml by the dogs that had positive skin reactions produced a marked increase in respiratory resistance and changes in spirogram. These results suggest that the dogs that exhibited positive skin reactions were spontaneously sensitized to D. farinae.