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Focal nodular hyperplasia of the liver is a lesion characterized by a well-circumscribed region of hyperplastic liver parenchyma and contains a stellate fibrous scar. The lesion is thought to be because of liver-cell hyperplasia that is caused by focal circulatory disturbances. We describe here a pediatric case of this lesion that provided direct histopathologic evidence of circulatory disturbances. We identified arterial and portal thrombi, as well as recanalization of arteries in the nodule. Hepatic necrosis was also seen in the lesion. We speculate that thrombosis of the hepatic artery and/or portal vein was the cause of hepatic necrosis and that reperfusion following hepatic arterial recanalization resulted in nodule formation. Although there was no stellate scar present in our case, the presence of bile ductular proliferation at the periphery of the nodule was helpful in distinguishing this lesion from adenoma and hepatocellular carcinoma. The early stage of nodular formation may explain the lack of a stellate scar in our case. The patient was treated earlier with actinomycin D and vincristine following surgical excision of Wilms' tumor. It is possible that such chemotherapy contributed to thrombosis in our case.

Neoxanthin, a precursor of the plant hormone abscisic acid, is an allenic xanthophyll recognized as the last product of carotenoid synthesis in green plants. A cDNA for neoxanthin synthase (NSY) was isolated from tomato using a molecular approach based on the mechanistic and structural similarities of NSY to two other closely related carotenogenic enzymes, lycopene cyclase (LCY) and capsanthin-capsorubin synthase (CCS). The identified tomato NSY cDNA (T.NSY) encodes a 56-kDa plastid-targeted protein that when expressed in Escherichia coli, catalyzes the conversion of violaxanthin to neoxanthin. In tobacco leaves that transiently express T.NSY, an increase in neoxanthin content with a concomitant decrease in violaxanthin is observed. NSY is structurally similar to LCY and CCS. However, in Cyanobacteria, the generally accepted progenitor of plastids, both CCS and NSY are absent while LCY is present. LCY catalyzes a simplified version of the reaction catalyzed by NSY and CCS suggesting that these two enzymes were remodeled from LCY during higher plant evolution to create new forms of oxidized carotenoids.

The dispersion of latent image specks (LISs) on reduction-sensitized octahedral grain (Oct) and cubic grain (Cub) emulsions that were exposed to light of various intensity levels or to a radiation was studied. The number and distribution of LISs on a grain were determined with arrested development or gold deposition techniques. The sensitized Oct emulsions were sensitive to extra-low-intensity (24 or 48 h) exposure. This exposure displayed a narrow distribution with a one-speck-per-grain pattern. This changed to a broad distribution for 1 s exposure, which obeyed the Poisson distribution law at the highest sensitization level. These suggested that there were P centres present acting as precursors of LISs and inducing dispersion. The distribution for high-intensity (10−4 s) exposure obeyed the Poisson law for sensitized Oct and Cub emulsions. This dispersion of LISs occurred even in absence of the effective electron traps, when the supply rate of photoelectrons was high.The distribution of LISs was...

A soluble fraction of coal tar pitch (CP) in tetrahydrofuran (THF) was reacted with p-benzoquinone (BQ) at 160 and 180°C and followed by carbonization and graphitization. The reaction and carbonization behavior were monitored in-situ by using differential scanning calorimeter, high-temperature 1H NMR and high-temperature ESR. The reactions of CP and BQ resulted in an increase in molecular weight with an increase in BQ concentration. Such molecular weight increases led to the formation of a less ordered structure due to the reduced mobility of the molecules. The relative order of the carbonized materials was determined by using polarized light microscope and X-ray diffraction. The molecular size of the precursor was recognized as an important factor in determining the morphology of carbon materials.

We present a new approach for performing numerical simulations of optical feedback semiconductor lasers for moving targets. The derived rate equation for the complex electric field is suitable for the numerical analysis of the dynamics in a self-mixing semiconductor laser with a Doppler frequency shift. We present numerical examples calculated using the rate equations.

The neutron drip line up to fluorine has been investigated by the projectile fragmentation of a 94.1A MeV 40 Ar beam at the fragment separator RIPS at RIKEN. A new neutron-rich isotope, 31 F, has been observed for the first time while clear evidence for the particle instability of 24,25 N, 27,28 O and 30 F has been obtained. The sudden change in stability from oxygen to fluorine may demonstrate the onset of deformation for the neutron-rich fluorine isotopes.

Rapid production of protein-based tumor-specific vaccines for the treatment of malignancies is possible with the plant-based transient expression system described here. We created a modified tobamoviral vector that encodes the idiotype-specific single-chain Fv fragment (scFv) of the immunoglobulin from the 38C13 mouse B cell lymphoma. InfectedNicotiana benthamianaplants contain high levels of secreted scFv protein in the extracellular compartment. This material reacts with an anti-idiotype antibody by Western blotting, ELISA, and affinity chromatography, suggesting that the plant-produced 38C13 scFv protein is properly folded in solution. Mice vaccinated with the affinity-purified 38C13 scFv generate >10 μg/ml anti-idiotype immunoglobulins. These mice were protected from challenge by a lethal dose of the syngeneic 38C13 tumor, similar to mice immunized with the native 38C13 IgM-keyhole limpet hemocyanin conjugate vaccine. This rapid production system for generating tumor-specific protein vaccines may provide a viable strategy for the treatment of non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma.

We present the operating principle, general features, and advantages of a novel concept for the development of powerful and widely tunable fiber Raman lasers (FRL's), based on the high-power pumping of large-core low-loss multimode fibers using a simple double-pass laser arrangement with Littrow-prism-tuned emission. Basic experimental results obtained with various modification double-pass FRL schemes, which provide the generation of both discretely tunable emission in the UV/blue (360-493 nm) at /spl lambda//sub p/=355 nm and continuously tunable emission in the visible/near-IR (0.54-1.01 /spl mu/m) at /spl lambda//sub p/=532 nm, are reported. The double-pass FRL schemes permit powerful and widely tunable spectral components to be generated, due to the double passing of nonlinear-converted laser emission through the optical fiber, maximum cavity feedback, the use of multimode fibers, and high-power pumping.

The biosynthesis of leaf carotenoids in Nicotiana benthamiana was altered by forced re-routing of the pathway to the synthesis of capsanthin, a non-native chromoplast-specific xanthophyll, using an RNA viral vector containing capsanthin-capsorubin synthase (Ccs) cDNA. The cDNA encoding Ccs was placed under the transcriptional control of a tobamovirus subgenomic promoter. Leaves from transfected plants expressing Ccs developed an orange phenotype and accumulated high levels of capsanthin (up to 36% of total carotenoids). This phenomenon was associated with thylakoid membrane distortion and reduction of grana stacking. In contrast to the situation prevailing in chromoplasts, capsanthin was not esterified and its increased level was balanced by a concomitant decrease of the major leaf xanthophylls, suggesting an autoregulatory control of chloroplast carotenoid composition. Capsanthin was exclusively recruited into the trimeric and monomeric light-harvesting complexes of photosystem II (PSII) and shown to significantly contribute to the light-harvesting capacity. On a chlorophyll basis, the concentrations of PSI and PSII reaction centres were not modified. This demonstration that higher plant antenna complexes can accommodate non-native carotenoids provides compelling evidence for functional remodelling of photosynthetic membranes toward a better photoreactivity by rational design of the incorporated carotenoid structures.

The fusion of 9,11 Li ( E = 11.2–15.2A MeV) with Si targets has been investigated in an inclusive approach. The neutron spectra in the energy range 0.5–22.5 MeV, corresponding to 9 Li and 11 Li projectiles, have been measured with the aid of the RIKEN “long neutron wall”. In the case of 9 Li, the neutron spectrum is in good agreement with the Monte Carlo calculated fusion-evaporation spectrum. In the case of 11 Li, the neutron spectrum is showing that an important number of fusions (33 ± 10) %, are preceded by the pre-emission of one or two halo neutrons.

Highly transparent and conductive ZnO–In2O3 films have been prepared by atmospheric pressure chemical vapor deposition using Zn(C5H7O2)2, In(C5H7O2)3, and H2O as Zn, In, and O source materials, respectively. The obtained minimum resistivity of polycrystalline In2O3 or ZnO films deposited on glass substrates at a temperature of 350 °C using In(C5H7O2)3 or Zn(C5H7O2)2 and H2O, respectively, was 10−2–10−1 Ω cm. The resistivity of ZnO–In2O3 films deposited at 350 °C was strongly dependent on the chemical composition (Zn content) of the films. A resistivity of 4×10−4 Ω cm and an average transmittance above 85% in the visible range were obtained in an amorphous ZnO–In2O3 film with a Zn content (Zn/(In+Zn) atomic ratio) of 0.25.

We report on the first production and identification of two neutron-rich nuclei {sup 31}Ne and {sup 37}Mg. They were produced in the projectile fragmentation of an 80{ital A} MeV {sup 50}Ti beam on a {sup 181}Ta target, and were efficiently analyzed and identified through the fragment separator RIPS at RIKEN, by measuring the magnetic rigidity, time of flight, energy loss, and total kinetic energy. The particle stability of the new isotopes is discussed in comparison with various mass predictions. {copyright} {ital 1996 The American Physical Society.}

A chimeric enzyme, engineered from two rice α-amylase isozymes, Amy1A and Amy3D, showed unique characteristics in soluble-starch and maltoheptaose hydrolysis. Effects of pH on soluble-starch hydrolysis and the thermostability of the chimeric enzyme were similar to those of the isozyme Amy3D. The previous study revealed that Amy1A shows high activity in soluble-starch hydrolysis and low activity in oligosaccharide degradation, while Amy3D shows low activity in soluble-starch hydrolysis and high activity in oligosaccharide degradation. The chimeric enzyme showed high activities in both soluble-starch hydrolysis and oligosaccharide degradation. These results suggest that protein modules of highly homologous enzymes are interchangeable, and that a novel enzyme with unique characteristics can be obtained by creating a chimeric enzyme.

A simple and highly sensitive fiber-optic autocollimation method for refractive-index dispersion measurement of solid-state and liquid bulk optical materials is presented. The method is based on the use of a double-pass multimode fiber Raman laser which generates widely tunable emission in a broadband (0.54-1.01 /spl mu/m) continuous spectral range at pumping with the second harmonic of a Q-switched Nd:YAG laser. The optical fiber is used in a specific multifunctional regime where, because of its micrometric core dimensions, it serves simultaneously as a point laser source for the formation of a collimated input emission, as a highly sensitive receiver of the autocollimation backreflectance, and as a medium for nonlinear frequency conversion and generation of a broad-band continuum spectrum. The experimental results obtained in the refractive-index dispersion measurements are fitted to the Sellmeier dispersion equation and used to determine the material dispersion and additional dispersive characteristics of the test optical material.

This paper describes the flora of habitat-forming seaweeds (fucoids and temperate kelps) at 7673 sites of the Japanese coast encompassing its warm to cold temperate zone, recorded from 1887 to 2014. The data set includes 86 species (21,168 presence and 20,845 absence records), compiled from 355 literature sources, most of which were written in Japanese and published as grey literature in local journals or individual reports. Scientific names were consolidated under currently-accepted nomenclature based on Algaebase ( http://www.algaebase.org ). The data set compiled the seaweed flora at each study site each year, the geographical location and the scientific names. Additionally, three supporting data sets were created respectively including name of each site, synonyms of the seaweeds, and the corresponding literature list. This rich collection of data can be used to study the biogeography and long-term changes of particular species and the diversity of habitat-forming seaweeds of the Japanese coast.

Experimental studies of neutron rich nuclei 8 He, 10 He, 12 Be and 13 Be have been performed using radioactive beams.

A new experimental technique utilizing a high-spin isomer beam (HSIB) has been developed. The HSIB of 174Hf was produced by the 9Be(170Er, 5n)174Hf reaction in inverse kinematics. By using the HSIB, the Coulomb excitation of the Kπ = 8− isomer in 174Hf was measured. The γ-rays from the 9− level, which is the first excited state built on the isomer, were observed as well as the cascade γ-rays of the ground-state rotational band. From the measured γ-ray yield, a value of 2 ± 1 e2b2 was extracted for the B(E2: 8− → 9−). This is the first experiment of γ-ray spectroscopy by means of the HSIB-induced secondary reactions.

The carotenoid biosynthetic pathway in higher plants was manipulated by using an RNA viral vector. A cDNA encoding phytoene synthase and a partial cDNA encoding phytoene desaturase (PDS) were placed under the transcriptional control of a tobamovirus subgenomic promoter. One to two weeks after inoculation, systemically infected Nicotiana benthamiana plants were analyzed for phytoene. Leaves from transfected plants expressing phytoene synthase developed a bright orange phenotype and accumulated high levels of phytoene. Cytoplasmic inhibition of plant gene expression by viral RNA was demonstrated with an antisense RNA transcript to a partial PDS cDNA derived from tomato. The leaves of the plants transfected with the antisense PDS sequence developed a white phenotype and also accumulated high levels of phytoene. A partial cDNA to the corresponding N. benthamiana PDS gene was isolated and found to share significant homology with the tomato antisense PDS transcript. This work demonstrates that an episomal RNA viral vector can be used to deliberately manipulate a major, eukaryotic biosynthetic pathway. In addition, our results indicate that an antisense transcript generated in the cytoplasm of a plant cell can turn off endogenous gene expression.

We have studied 12 Be + p elastic and inelastic scattering and observed new levels of 12 Be at E 12 Be ∗ = 8.6, 10 and ∼ 14 MeV in the vicinity of He-emission thresholds, which can be candidates for states having an exotic cluster structure with He-like subsystems. Some new states were tentatively assigned to 13 Be in studies of the d( 12 Be, p) reaction.

Mass/charge spectra of secondary ions produced under energetic (∼MeV/amu) Ar ion impact on gaseous and frozen H2O targets are measured using a magnet‐type mass spectrometer. The ion spectra are found to be quite different between these target phases. Multiply charged Oi+ ions with charge states i=2–6, as well as fragmented H+, O+, and OH+ ions, are clearly observed in the gas target, whereas the production of multiply charged ions is strongly suppressed in the frozen target. The most intense ion species is the parent H2O+ ion in the gas target; the H3O+ ion in the frozen target. The most outstanding feature in the frozen target is that the production of cluster ions of the type (H2O)nH+ (n=1–31), and their intensities, decreasing as the cluster size n increases, show anomalies between n=4 and n=5 and also around n=20, 21, and 22. Negatively charged cluster ions with formula (H2O)nO− and (H2O)nOH− are also efficiently produced in the frozen target.

Positive and negative cluster ions have been observed in nitrogen, carbon monoxide and oxygen targets frozen at 15 K under 1.5 MeV u −1 Ar 13+ projectile ion impact. For positive cluster ions obtained from frozen nitrogen targets, even-number cluster series ions N + 2 n for n > 2 predominate over odd-number cluster series N + 2 n +1 . This is in sharp contrast to the fact that odd-number cluster series N − 2 n +1 are dominant in negative nitrogen cluster ions. Anions of N − 2 , etc., which do not exist in the gas phase, have been observed. Various positive cluster ions from frozen carbon monoxide targets have been observed, although pure carbon clusters C − n are dominant in the negative cluster ions. Clusters ions from frozen oxygen targets are formed with clustering element O 3 ; the O + 3 n +2 series are the dominant positive cluster ions, whereas the O − 3 n +3 series are much stronger than either O − 3 n +2 as regards the negative cluster ions. In addition multiply charged atomic ions have been observed from all the frozen targets investigated; these can be explained qualitatively as being due to Coloumbic explosion of multiply charged molecular ions originally produced in primary energetic ion collisions.

The charge-state distributions and production cross sections of Ne recoil ions produced through pure ionization, electron capture, and electron loss processes of projectile Ar ions have been determined for 1.05-MeV/amu ${\mathrm{Ar}}^{\mathrm{q}+}$+Ne (q=4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 14, and 16) collisions using a projectile-ion-recoil-ion coincidence technique. Recoil ions in low charge states, in particular, singly charged ions, are produced predominantly through pure ionization without any change of projectile charge. Electron loss or capture processes of projectiles, though weak relative to the pure ionization, are found to result in an enhancement of the multiply charged recoil ions. The average charge 〈i${\mathrm{〉}}_{\mathrm{q},\mathrm{q}\ensuremath{'}}$ of recoil ions in a specific process, ${\mathrm{Ar}}^{\mathrm{q}+}$+Ne\ensuremath{\rightarrow}${\mathrm{Ar}}^{\mathrm{q}\ensuremath{'}+}$+${\mathrm{Ne}}^{\mathrm{i}+}$, is found to increase with increasing projectile charge q and with the number of the lost or capture electrons from or into projectiles.

The reactions 11 Li + CD 2 → 10 He + X and 11 Li + C → 10 He + X at a beam energy of 61A MeV have been studied by measuring the triple coincidence of 8He and two neutrons. Experimental data show a peak that can be explained as a resonance 10He, which is unbound by 1.2±0.3 MeV and its width is less than 1.2 MeV. Theinvariant mass spectra of 8He+n show a peak that is consistent with the decay 10 He → 8 He + n + n .

Transgenic (TG) rats carrying the mouse Ren-2 gene (Ren-2d)27 are a newly established monogenetic model in hypertension research. To gain an insight into the mechanisms of this form of hypertension we determined the effects of a 13-day therapy with losartan (10 mg/kg) or lisinopril (20 mg/kg) on the blood pressure (BP) and plasma levels of angiotensin (ANG) peptides of mature female TG hypertensive and Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats. The contribution of endothelium-derived nitric oxide (NO) to the maintenance of their hypertension and the response to therapy was evaluated by systemic injection of either NG-monomethyl-L-arginine (L-NMMA) or endothelin-1. Hypertension in TG rats was associated with decreased plasma ANG I, no differences in plasma ANG II, and plasma ANG-(1-7) near the detectable level. Lisinopril lowered BP more than losartan in both TG hypertensive and normotensive controls. In both strains, the chronic fall in BP produced by lisinopril was accompanied by significant increases in plasma ANG I and ANG-(1-7), while losartan augmented plasma ANG I and ANG II in both strains and plasma ANG-(1-7) in TG rats. Inhibition of NO synthase reversed the fall in BP produced by either lisinopril or losartan in SD controls. In contrast, administration of L-NMMA to TG rats given the same therapy did not. The transient endothelium-mediated relaxing phase of the depressor response to systemic injections of endothelin-1 was attenuated by losartan and lisinopril in TG rats. These studies indicate that hypertension in female TG rats is mediated by the RAS.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Secondary ions produced from condensed rare gas targets are observed under MeV amu , highly charged, heavy ion impact. The intensities of the observed cluster ions decrease smoothly as the cluster sizes become large but show some discontinuities at particular sizes of cluster ions. This seems to be closely related to the stabilities of cluster ion structures. It is also noted that very few doubly charged or practically no triply/higher charged ions have been observed, in sharp contrast to that of some condensed molecular targets.

We determined the levels of angiotensin I (ANG I), angiotensin II (ANG II), and the heptapeptide angiotensin(1-7) [ANG(1-7)] in the blood and brain of female Hannover Sprague-Dawley (SD) and transgenic hypertensive rats [mRen-2]27 by radioimmunoassay and high performance liquid chromatography. Hypertension was accompanied by higher plasma concentrations of ANG II, no statistical changes in ANG(1-7), and no differences in plasma ANG I levels. In the hypothalamus of transgenic rats, concentrations of ANG II and ANG(1-7) averaged 827% and 168% above values in SD rats (p < 0.005) whereas both ANG I and ANG II increased in the medulla oblongata. The data showed that the established phase of hypertension in rats harboring the mouse Ren-2 gene is associated with overexpression of the renin-angiotensin system in brain regions participating in the endocrine regulation of blood pressure.

Signet ring cell lymphoma (SRCL) is a relatively new and infrequently described entity, characterized by an intracytoplasmic mass displacing the nucleus at the periphery. We present here a case of a Japanese female aged 73 with a retroperitoneal mass diagnosed as SRCL at autopsy. The neoplastic lymphoid cells showing signet ring appearance, due to the displacement of the nucleus to one side by intracytoplasmic eosinophilic inclusions, were immunoreactive for LCA, L26 and lambda light chains but PAS-negative. A small number of tumor cell nuclei demonstrated proliferating cell nuclear antigen-positive, but signet ring cells were negative. Ultrastructural study disclosed that fibrillary, lamellar or homogenous materials within rough endoplasmic reticulum of the tumor cells were selectively labeled by gold particles to anti-lambda antibody. A periodicity of 20-25 nm was observed in the fibrillary inclusions arranged haphazardly. The morphologic appearances of the case and the differential diagnosis are preceded by a review of the literature.

This study aimed to analyse microbiota of the fermented food 'narezushi', an archetype of modern Japanese sushi. The pyrosequencing technique was used to analyse sequences of 16S ribosomal DNA contained in six narezushi products.The V1-V2 regions of the 16S ribosomal DNA were amplified from different narezushi products using PCR, and approximately 120,000 sequences were phylogenetically assigned at the genus level, using the Ribosomal Database Project classifier. In all samples, the microbial populations consisted of more than 90% Lactobacillales, mainly Lactobacillus or Pediococcus, reflecting their crucial role in narezushi fermentation. There were more than 700 operational taxonomy units in all samples, with Shannon-Wiener index varying from 1.69 to 2.60.The microbiota of all narezushi products were shown to consist largely of Lactobacillales populations. Interestingly, different species were found to be dominant in each product.This study provides an insight into the bacterial composition of fermented fish-based foods, which are consumed worldwide. Significant differences in the dominant species were observed between products, possibly because of the starter-free production process.

An experimental study of 8He + p elastic scattering and a search for 8He∗ as observed in two independent experimental methods. The obtained parameters of the excited state are E 8 He ∗ = 3.57±0.12 MeV , Γ =0.5±0.35 MeV, Γ 4 He+4n /Γ 6 He+n+n ⩽ 5% . Angular distributions for elastic and inelastic scattering are measured. The inelastic angular distribution is consistent with Jπ = 2+ for 8He3.55∗.

We engineered cDNA of tobacco mosaic tobamovirus (TMV) into Agrobacterium tumefaciens for inoculation of plant cells. The resulting bacterial strains were used to transfect tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum cv. Xanthi and Xanthi/nc) with wild type and a defective virus. Lesion formation on Xanthi/nc tobacco was used to measure the timing and efficiency of transfection. Infections mediated by Agrobacterium produced lesions an average of two days later than infections produced by inoculation with virions. The addition of approximately 80 bp of non-viral sequences to the 5'-end of TMV transcripts abolished transfection. Transcripts with non-viral sequences at the 3'-end initiated infections, while precise transcript termination with a synthetic ribozyme sequence increased transfection frequencies two-fold. Culture conditions reported to induce genes of the vir region of the Agrobacterium Ti plasmid also increased the transfection frequency approximately two-fold. Therefore, in addition to the pararetroviruses and geminiviruses previously described, 'agroinoculation' may be used to infect plants with plus-sense RNA viruses.

A recombinant Saccharomyces cerevisiae, expressing and secreting rice alpha-amylase, converts starch to ethanol. The rice alpha-amylase gene (OS103) was placed under the transcriptional control of the promoter from a newly described Pichia pastoris alcohol oxidase genomic clone. The nucleotide sequences of ZZA1 and other methanol-regulated promoters were analyzed. A highly conserved sequence (TTG-N3-GCTTCCAA-N5-TGGT) was found in the 5' flanking regions of alcohol oxidase, methanol oxidase, and dihydroxyacetone synthase genes in Pichia pastoris, Hansenula polymorpha, and Candida boidinii S2. The yeast strain containing the ZZA1-OS103 fusion secreted biologically active enzyme into the culture media while fermenting soluble starch.

Yrast traps were found in N=83 isotones, 144Pm and 145Sm, by using inverse kinematic reactions, 14N(136Xe, 6n)144Pm and 16O(136Xe, 7n)145Sm. Their probable spin-parities are (27+) and (492+), respectively. Excitation energies of these isomers are 7.5 and 8.7 MeV Reaction products were transported by a gas filled recoil ion separation system and collected at 6 m down stream of the primary target position . The possible utilization of these high-spin isomers as secondary beams are discussed.

The reactions of 1-seleno-2-silylethenes 1 with highly electrophilic tricarbonyl-substitued olefins in the presence of Lewis acids have been investigated. The reaction of 1-(phenylseleno)-2-(trimethylsilyl)ethene (1a) with tris(alkoxycarbonyl) olefins 2 or 1,1-bis(alkoxycarbonyl)-2-acyl olefins 3 in the presence of ZnBr(2) at -30 degrees C gave cis-substituted cyclopropanes exclusively. The origin of the cis stereochemistry is ascribed to the synclinal addition path of the ZnBr(2)-coordinated electrophilic olefin to 1. Application of the highly functionalized selenium- and silicon-substituted cyclopropane products to the preparation of a useful synthetic intermediate 20 for the pyrethroid class of insecticides is also demonstrated.

Proton elastic scatterings of neutron rich nuclei 9 Li and 11 Li have been measured for the first time at E lab / A =60 and 62 MeV, respectively, under the inverse kinematical conditions. While the angular distribution of 9 Li scattering follows the systematic trend from those of 6 Li and 7 Li scatterings, the 11 Li cross section is smaller by about a factor of two. Optical model calculations show that considerable changes in both real and imaginary potentials are necessary to reproduce the 11 Li data.

Multiply-charged secondary ions produced from condensed gas targets have been observed under energetic, heavy-ion impact. It is found that, though strongly suppressed over gaseous target collisions, multiply-charged ions are more efficiently extracted from condensed surfaces if molecules such as N2, O2, C2H2 are used as targets, compared with condensed rare-gas atom and other molecule (for example, CH4) gas targets. This feature could be understood qualitatively as being due to their large initial kinetic energy provided through Coulomb explosion of multiply-charged molecular ions originally produced in heavy-ion collisions.

We studied the effects of chronic oral inhibition of angiotensin-converting enzyme on the baroreflex control of renal sympathetic nerve activity (RSNA) and heart rate (HR) in 14-wk-old conscious spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR; n = 12) and age-matched Wistar-Kyoto rats (WKY; n = 11). Rats were treated with lisinopril (10 mg.kg-1.day-1 in tap water) or vehicle for 7 days. We evaluated the baroreflex control of efferent RSNA and HR in awake rats 2 days after implantation of electrodes around the renal sympathetic nerves. The relation between mean arterial pressure (MAP) and either RSNA or HR was analyzed by a logistic function curve during intravenous infusions of phenylephrine and nitroglycerin. The maximum gain of the curve was considered as the sensitivity of the baroreflex. MAP in lisinopril-treated SHR averaged 93 +/- 3 mmHg, a value lower than that obtained in vehicle-treated SHR (147 +/- 5 mmHg) but not in WKY (96 +/- 4 mmHg). In vehicle-treated SHR baroreflex sensitivity (-4.3 +/- 0.5% change nerve activity/mmHg) was significantly (P less than 0.005) smaller than that of WKY (-15.8 +/- 1.5%/mmHg). Seven days of oral treatment of lisinopril caused significant improvement of the baroreflex sensitivity in SHR (-10.5 +/- 0.7%/mmHg, P less than 0.01). The maximum gain of MAP and HR relation of lisinopril-treated SHR was also larger (P less than 0.05) than that of vehicle-treated SHR.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)