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Musculoskeletal ultrasound has grown substantially in use over the past several years as an indispensable companion to magnetic resonance imaging and other imaging modalities. This article reviews 10 integral applications of musculoskeletal ultrasound as a problem-solving tool with correlative case examples. These applications include the following: (1) accessibility and portability, (2) targeted imaging, (3) dynamic imaging, (4) contralateral comparison, (5) Doppler imaging, (6) increased spatial resolution, (7) solid versus cystic comparison, (8) posttraumatic imaging, (9) postsurgical imaging, and (10) treatment delivery and optimization. The review will help the radiologist recognize the complementary uses of musculoskeletal ultrasound with radiography, computed tomography, and magnetic resonance imaging.

This paper presents energy-optimal speed trajectories between stops for electric vehicles. It is shown that if basic infrastructure and traffic flow information is available, energy savings of up to 60% are possible, with 20-40% being typical values. The optimization approach uses a cost function that contains only transportation energy and uses all other conditions (such as maximum acceleration, average speed, etc.) as constraints. Real-world considerations such as following distance to the next vehicle and jerk constraints are also analyzed. The overall impact of this approach includes the reduction of energy cost, grid power demand, power plant emissions, global warming, as well as an increase in the range of electric vehicles.

Eine 57-jahrige Patientin wurde aufgrund eines stetigen Hamoglobinabfalls bis auf 7,4 g/dl einer Gastroskopie unterzogen, nachdem eine Woche zuvor bei einem ischamischen Hirninsult eine systemische Thrombolysetherapie durchgefuhrt worden war. Es zeigten sich multiple kleine Erosionen im Korpusbereich. Die histopathologischen und immunhistochemischen Befunde aus der Magenschleimhautbiopsie mit Expression von „thyroid transcriptional factor-1“ (TTF‑1) und Zytokeratin 7 (CK7) sowie Negativitat fur „caudal type homeobox-2“ (CDX‑2) ergaben eine Metastase eines gering differenzierten Adenokarzinoms der Lunge. In der Computertomographie des Thorax zeigten sich eine 3,2 cm grose, mediastinale Raumforderung mit hochgradigem Verdacht auf Malignitat und pathologisch vergroserte zervikale und supraklavikulare Lymphknoten beidseits. Es erfolgte eine subklavikulare Lymphknotenexstirpation. Der immunhistologische Befund mit positiver CK7- und TTF-1-Expression sprach ebenfalls fur metastatische Infiltrate eines gering differenzierten Adenokarzinoms pulmonalen Ursprungs. Die symptomatische gastrale Metastase eines primaren Lungenkarzinoms ist eine sehr seltene klinische Entitat. Der Befund der transosophagealen Echokardiographie mit Perikarderguss und 1,6 cm groser Auflagerung an der Mitralklappe deutete nach Ausschluss einer infektiosen Endokarditis auf eine maligne Ursache. In Zusammenschau der multiplen Organinfarkte (Milz, Nieren und Hirn) und der gastralen hamatogenen Metastasen gehen wir von einer endokardialen Metastase aus, die als seltene Ursache zu einer disseminierten arteriellen Tumorembolie fuhrte. Die Patientin wurde palliativ betreut und verstarb.

The take-away from this discussion is that research on nuclear reactions occurring at ordinary temperatures at certain metals in electrolysis in heavy water, which has been widely denigrated for three decades as “pathological science”, has now been recognized as a respectable topic for further research.

The Introduction is spot on: “”Science can be a force for good, and it has enhanced our lives in countless ways, but even a cursory look at the 20th century shows that what passes for science can be detrimental” (p. 1).

“About the show:Professor Neil Gemmell uses cutting-edge environmental DNA science to unravel the mystery of the Loch Ness monster. Neil’s high-tech monster hunt opens a new chapter in the search for Nessie as he puts the leading theories to the ultimate scientific test.” [i]This description misleads in every important respect. The mystery is not unraveled; the leading theory is not even mentioned, and Gemmell’s reason for embarking on this project — namely, to spread awareness of the potential benefits that can accrue from research on environmental DNA (eDNA) — is not well served, because there is no useful explanation of what eDNA science does, what it can and cannot accomplish, and why [ii]. That lack is all the sadder because the results in this case with respect to Nessies are not only incomplete, they are inconclusive and probably even wrong in an important respect.[i] https://www.travelchannel.com/shows/loch-ness-monster-new-evidence[ii] That eDNA work is not easy or infallible is pointed out in a comment on Roland Watson’s informative and reliable blog: “as with any tests that involve biologicals, there are error rates. And eDNA is not immune to these errors. . . . eDNA testing is also affected by seasonal changes — of how creatures operate in their environment, as well as the quality of the effluent at different times of the year, and so on. . . . [F]or eDNA testing to detect creatures properly there would have to be such testing throughout Loch Ness on a quarterly basis over probably at least two years, and probably have close to 350 to 450 sampling points — and doing this at least at five or six different consistent depths. I think that Roland correctly pointed out that nothing was taken way down deep, and there probably should have been. Also, eDNA actually lasts much, much longer in soils than in water. So taking samples off the Loch bottom might be a fruitful endeavor.” Indeed, there are several clues indicating that Nessies spend most of their time down deep, possibly in the two basins known to be deeper than 200 m (Shine & Martin 1988).

The most popular attribution of identity for Loch Ness Monsters is a relationship with the extinct plesiosaurs, but this is difficult to square with the rarity of surface sightings let alone occasional sightings on land. On the other hand, everything described for Loch Ness Monsters is known among the many species of living as well as thought-to-be extinct turtles: air-breathing but spending very long periods in deep water; ventures onto land; very fast movement in water; ability to be active in very cold water; relatively long necks. It is suggested that Loch Ness Monsters, Nessies, are a yet-to be properly discovered and described variety of large sea turtle that is most likely also still extant in some specific niches in the oceans.

BACKGROUND: Below-knee amputation (BKA) is the safest treatment for benign aggressive and malignant bone tumours of the distal tibia, yielding good oncological and functional results. However, in selected patients where limb salvage is feasible and amputation unacceptable to the patient, limb salvage using a distal tibial replacement (DTR) can be considered. This study aims to present the oncological and functional results of the use of the latter treatment method in our unit. METHODS: A retrospective folder review was performed for all ten patients who received a modular DTR between 1 January 2005 and 31 January 2019 for a primary bone tumour, either benign aggressive or malignant. Six were female and the mean age was 31 (12-75) years. There were five patients with giant cell tumour of bone, four with osteosarcoma and one with a low-grade chondrosarcoma. The patients with osteosarcoma had neoadjuvant chemotherapy before surgery. Function was assessed by the Musculoskeletal Tumor Society (MSTS) score. RESULTS: Two patients had local recurrence treated with a BKA and one other patient died of metastases three years postoperatively. At a mean follow-up of three years, the remaining eight patients had a mean MSTS score of 83% (67-93%). There were no radiological signs of loosening, and no revision surgeries. CONCLUSION: Endoprosthetic replacement of the distal tibia for primary bone tumours can be a safe treatment option in very selected cases. Level of evidence: Level 4

Golgins are an abundant class of peripheral membrane proteins of the Golgi. These very long (50–400 nm) rod-like proteins initially capture cognate transport vesicles, thus enabling subsequent SNARE-mediated membrane fusion. Here, we explore the hypothesis that in addition to serving as vesicle tethers, Golgins may also possess the capacity to phase separate and, thereby, contribute to the internal organization of the Golgi. GM130 is the most abundant Golgin at the cis Golgi. Remarkably, overexpressed GM130 forms liquid droplets in cells analogous to those described for numerous intrinsically disordered proteins with low complexity sequences, even though GM130 is neither low in complexity nor intrinsically disordered. Virtually pure recombinant GM130 also phase-separates into dynamic, liquid-like droplets in close to physiological buffers and at concentrations similar to its estimated local concentration at the cis Golgi.

Photoreceptors are specialized neurons that rely on Ca2+ to regulate phototransduction and neurotransmission. Photoreceptor dysfunction and degeneration occur when intracellular Ca2+ homeostasis is disrupted. Ca2+ homeostasis is maintained partly by mitochondrial Ca2+ uptake through the mitochondrial Ca2+ uniporter (MCU), which can influence cytosolic Ca2+ signals, stimulate energy production, and trigger apoptosis. Here we discovered that zebrafish cone photoreceptors express unusually low levels of MCU. We expected that this would be important to prevent mitochondrial Ca2+ overload and consequent cone degeneration. To test this hypothesis, we generated a cone-specific model of MCU overexpression. Surprisingly, we found that cones tolerate MCU overexpression, surviving elevated mitochondrial Ca2+ and disruptions to mitochondrial ultrastructure until late adulthood. We exploited the survival of MCU overexpressing cones to additionally demonstrate that mitochondrial Ca2+ uptake alters the distributions of citric acid cycle intermediates and accelerates recovery kinetics of the cone response to light. Cones adapt to mitochondrial Ca2+ stress by decreasing MICU3, an enhancer of MCU-mediated Ca2+ uptake, and selectively transporting damaged mitochondria away from the ellipsoid toward the synapse. Our findings demonstrate how mitochondrial Ca2+ can influence physiological and metabolic processes in cones and highlight the remarkable ability of cone photoreceptors to adapt to mitochondrial stress.