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Introduction: The American Ophthalmological Association defines CVS as that “complex of eye vision problems related to near work which are experienced during or related to computer use.” The most prevalent ophthalmologic symptoms associated are headache, dryness of eyes, watering, eye strain, redness, grittiness, blurring of vision which are often overlooked but are preventable at the same time. According to American Journal of Ophthalmology, 70-75% of computer workers have eye problems which are the most frequently related health problems. We have conducted this study to assess the asthenopic symptoms occurring in computer workers. Method: This study was done on 330 people working at Bhopal and symptoms related to CVS were studied during the pre and post interventional period of 3 months. Result: The intervention was able to decrease asthenopic complaints of computer workers to 46.5%. Conclusion: There was a significant decrease in the asthenopic symptoms following intervention but limited results were achieved due to inadequate infrastructure in work place, non-compliance of the subjects, limited time of intervention.

Acute abscess are very common in tropical countries like India. We have conducted this study to evaluate clinical & etiological profile of abscess. Design: Prospective study. Methodology: All patients with soft tissue abscesses either admitted in Surgery Department or attended Surgical OPD during the study period. Cases of small superficial abscesses managed in Out Patient Department. Data regarding the age, sex, hemoglobin, location of the abscess and cause if any, was tabulated. Results: Total 1065 cases were included in this study, 63.57% were male and 36.43% were female. Most common age groups were between 6-20 years (22.25% male and 10.89% female, total 33.15%) and 21-40 years (20.66% male and 14.02% females, total 35.31%). 81.78% patients belonged to lower socio-economic status. Pain and swelling were the most common presenting symptoms (99.06% and 99.15% respectively). Lower limb was the commonest site with 33.34% followed by upper limbs (23.66%). There was high percentage (40.46%) of pre-hospitalization home based interventions that increased the complication rate. Staphylococcus aureus was most common culprit organism in 72% cases (80 out of 111 cultures done). Causes were not known in 79.53% cases, but 7.32% cases developed abscesses after intramuscular injections. Conclusion: Soft tissue abscesses are more prevalent in lower socio-economic group and rainy season. In most of the cases, the cause is unknown; trauma and intramuscular injection are the leading underlying known causes of these abscesses. Use of home remedies had increased the complication rate.

Introduction: Blindness is a social curse & more than 80% cases of blindness are due to avoidable causes. In India greater part of blind population resides in rural area, because they often get very late medical attention for ocular problem due to varied reasons like poverty, ignorance and less availability of Medical care. Methods: This study was done to evaluate the recent epidemiological trends, clinical profile in blind patients & causes of blindness in patients attending a tertiary eye care centre of central India .Other references for evaluation were - associated risk factors in causation of blindness, management strategy for blindness & to evaluate rehabilitation services for blind patients. Results: In our study maximum no of blind patients were from rural area. Maximum numbers of Patients were from Lower class (67.8 %) followed by Middle class (26.8%). 38.4 % of blind patient were farmer by occupation followed by labourer in 24.1% of patients. 31.6 % of total blind were illiterate. 53 % were male and 47 % were female. Conclusion: The higher prevalence in the rural areas is possibly related to less availability of eye care services in these areas compared with the urban area.

Aim: This study was done to evaluate the simultaneous involvement of ocular structures in cases of head injury. Method: 96 cases of head injury were studied to note the associated ocular affections. It was a prospective nonrandomized analytical observational study. Patients of head Injury were evaluated for any ocular affections .Detailed history, Ophthalmological and neurological evaluation was done. All the relevant data was compiled and analyzed. Ocular manifestations were evaluated in each patient. Appropriate investigations were done to diagnose the cases of traumatic brain injuries. Results-It was observed that eyes are commonly affected in cases of head injury. Maximum number of patients were in the age group of 21-30 yrs (56%). Males were commonly affected .Oedema & echymosis of eyelids was the commonest affection (79%), followed by conjunctival chemosis & subconjunctival haemorrhage (75%) and orbital wall fractures (54%). Among the posterior segment affections, papilloedema and post neuritic optic atrophy were the common manifestations. Conclusion- It is important to evaluate all patients of head injury for any ocular involvement as well; so that timely intervention can be done. A detailed ocular examination in such cases can save the life as well as the sight of the patients.

Introduction: Myopia is most common cause of childhood visual disability. In large population it remains undiagnosed. High myopia can be associated with major ophthalmic diseases such as myopic retinopathy and exudative myopic macular degeneration, myopic glaucomatous optic neuropathy and rhegmatogeneous retinal detachment. Methods: Study was conducted in Regional Institute Of Ophthalmology in central India. Children up to age of 16 years included with special emphasis on observing type and amount of myopia and it’s clinical presentation. After mydriasis eyes were examined by retinoscopy and indirect ophthalmoscopy. Results: Prevelance of childhood myopia in hospital based study was 16.5 % with male to female ratio 53:47. Most of the children were belonging to urban area(63.61%). Headache was most common complain for hospital visit. Most common age group affected was 7-12 and 13-16 years. In 18.53% of patients family history was present. Conclusion: Due to high magnitude of uncorrected Myopia it appears to be a public health problem both in urban and rural areas. An uncorrected refractive error leads to learning difficulties and reduced performances in school, ultimately affecting the psycho-social development of the child. For prevention Large-scale visual acuity screening programs must be launched to detect low vision due to myopia early and an annual check up to update the spectacle prescriptions.

Introduction: It is estimated that about 14% of people in India with visual impairment are suffering from refractive errors. The prevalence of childhood blindness in India is 0.17% and refractive errors alone are the major treatable cause (33.3%) of the blindness. Assessment of Visual acuity should not be the only criteria for detection of ametropia, as children have strong accomodation. Thus it is emphasizing the importance of refraction testing under cycloplegic drugs. Convergence insufficiency is prevalent in about 7.5% of population. Purpose: To study the association of asthenopia and convergence insufficiency with refractive error in children. Methods: 2130 ametropic children up to 16 yrs were screened for asthenopia and convergence insufficiency. Result: Ametropia was found in 40.24% of children .Myopia was prevalent in 47.41% children. Hypermetropia was detected in 15.49% children. Convergence insufficiency was observed in 34.14% of children and asthenopia was found in 82.19% ametropic children. Conclusion: The study reveals that, asthenopia and convergence insufficiency are found to be the most common ocular conditions associated with ametropia.