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Lepton scattering is an established ideal tool for studying inner structure of small particles such as nucleons as well as nuclei. As a future high energy nuclear physics project, an Electron-ion collider in China (EicC) has been proposed. It will be constructed based on an upgraded heavy-ion accelerator, High Intensity heavy-ion Accelerator Facility (HIAF) which is currently under construction, together with a new electron ring. The proposed collider will provide highly polarized electrons (with a polarization of $\sim$80%) and protons (with a polarization of $\sim$70%) with variable center of mass energies from 15 to 20 GeV and the luminosity of (2-3) $\times$ 10$^{33}$ cm$^{-2}$ s$^{-1}$. Polarized deuterons and Helium-3, as well as unpolarized ion beams from Carbon to Uranium, will be also available at the EicC. The main foci of the EicC will be precision measurements of the structure of the nucleon in the sea quark region, including 3D tomography of nucleon; the partonic structure of nuclei and the parton interaction with the nuclear environment; the exotic states, especially those with heavy flavor quark contents. In addition, issues fundamental to understanding the origin of mass could be addressed by measurements of heavy quarkonia near-threshold production at the EicC. In order to achieve the above-mentioned physics goals, a hermetical detector system will be constructed with cutting-edge technologies. This document is the result of collective contributions and valuable inputs from experts across the globe. The EicC physics program complements the ongoing scientific programs at the Jefferson Laboratory and the future EIC project in the United States. The success of this project will also advance both nuclear and particle physics as well as accelerator and detector technology in China., EicC white paper, written by the whole EicC working group

The key characteristics of the porous carbon materials and ceramic composites derived from citrates are directly affected by the pyrolysis mechanism of parent citrates and the microstructural revolution during the process. The pyrolysis mechanism of magnesium citrate nonahydrate (MCN) and the microstructural evolution during its pyrolysis were investigated by analysing the C/MgO nanocomposite powders from MCN pyrolyzed in carbon embedded condition and flowing argon atmosphere. The pyrolysis process of MCN was composed of the following stages: (1) MCN dehydrated to magnesium citrate at about 150 °C; (2) magnesium citrate decomposed into itaconic acid magnesium and MgO at about 300 °C; (3) itaconic acid magnesium decomposed into carbon, MgO and CH4 at around 500 °C; (4) CH4 was pyrolyzed and graphene was deposited on MgO. The carbon produced in stage (3) was turbostratic while that derived from the pyrolysis-deposition of CH4 was few-layered-graphene. The MgO nano grains produced in stage (2) precipitated and agglomerated while those derived from itaconic acid magnesium were much smaller in size. In carbon embedded condition, the few-layered-graphene not only deposited on the MgO aggregates surface but also inserted into the MgO nano grain boundaries, which suppressed the growth and sintering of MgO nano grains.

Our previous investigations indicate that the thermal shock resistance (TSR) of hydratable magnesium carboxylate (HMC) bonded Al2O3–MgO castables is superior to castables bonded with calcium aluminate cement as a result of the in-situ formation of micro-sized spinel (MgAl2O4). In the present study, to further enhance the TSR of HMC bonded castables, the submicron alumina powders were added into the castables to decrease the size of the spinel particle through a reaction of submicron alumina with nano magnesia pyrolyzed from HMC. The effects of submicron alumina powders on the TSR, slag corrosion resistance, and microstructure of HMC bonded castables were investigated. The results show that the size of the in-situ spinel particle decreases from approximately 2 μm to approximately 0.8 μm and the spinel gradually transforms into the aluminum-rich spinel after adding submicron alumina powders. The residual strength retention ratio of the samples raises from 37.5% to 50.0%, and the thermal stress damage resistance index (R՛՛՛՛) of the samples increases from 3.1 m to 7.2 m with the increase in the amount of submicron alumina to 2.0 wt% after thermal shock. The microcracks in the castables matrix of sample 2A are more and shorter than those of sample 0A after thermal shock. This is attributed to the fact that the resistance of microcracks propagation in the castables is enhanced via smaller spinel with uniform distribution. Besides, the penetration index of the castables decreases from 20.8% to 9.8% with the increase of submicron alumina content powders to 2.0 wt%. This is because the submicron alumina powders decrease the porosity of the castables, and the smaller size of the aluminum-rich spinel has a stronger adsorption capacity for Fe2+ ions.

With the Internet of Things (IoT) gradually showing a trend of socialization, the community structure has been widely used in IoT applications, such as the smart home and smart city. Therefore, using the IoT and data mining technology to detect and analyze the relevant communities in the network is worth studying. In this article, we aim to identify the $r$ most influential communities in a network, where an influential community is a cohesive subgraph with a considerable level of influence. In the literature, several efficient methods have been proposed to address this problem. These methods are all devised based on the assumption that nodes in the network are associated with different weights; in other words, every pair of nodes cannot have the same weight. Otherwise, these methods may retrieve imprecise results. However, nodes in a network may inevitably have the same weight in lots of real-world scenarios, such as mobile-edge computing networks. In this article, we are motivated to efficiently compute the top- $r$ influential communities in a general case where nodes in the network may have arbitrary weights. To this end, we first proposed a unified search framework by improving the existing techniques. Then, we developed an efficient algorithm to judge the connectivity of nodes with the same weight, whose time complexity is linear to the size of the subgraph accessed by the algorithm. We conducted extensive performance studies on real data sets to demonstrate the effectiveness and efficiency of the proposed approaches.

The Al–Al2O3 composites were prepared by fused alumina, α-Al2O3 micropowders, and metal aluminum powder. The samples with 3% carbon black (N330), 3% resin powder and α-Al2O3 micropowder, 10% α-Al2O3 micropowder were named S1, S2, and S3, respectively. They were oxidized at 1500 °C for 3 h in a box-type electric furnace, and then the unoxidized areas were analyzed by X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy. It was found that the aluminum oxycarbonitride formed in situ during the oxidation resistance test inhibited further oxidation of S2. The in situ formation mechanism of aluminum oxycarbonitride in the unoxidized zone is believed to be 7Al + 3Al3C4 + 12AlN + 4Al2O3 = 12Al3CON, which is also verified and proven by XRD, SEM and EDS in this work. The oxidation depth of S2 is 46.7% lower than that of S3. Sample S2 hardly has any linear change after fired at 1500 °C × 3 h in coke, which benefits to improve the volume stability and prolongs the service life. Among the three batches, S2 exhibits the minimum creep rate, from 0% to 0.026% at 1500 °C, and the HMOR at 1500 °C in a N2 atmosphere of S2 is 58 MPa. The Al–Al2O3 composites combined with resin strengthened by in situ formed aluminum oxycarbonitride give the composites excellent high-temperature strength owing to the fiber-intersected reinforced microstructure of Al3CON crystals at high temperature. In the Al–C–N–O system, it was found that the general formula of aluminum oxycarbonitride is expressed by Al4n+m(C,O,N)3n+m, and the (n, m) values are (0, 3) for Al3CON.

Hydratable magnesium carboxylate (HMC), which is similar to the properties of cement, can be used as a potential binder for refractory castables. However, its decomposition may lead to poor mechanical properties at medium temperatures (300 °C–1100 °C). This work investigated the effects of boric acid on the mechanical properties and microstructural evolution of castables bonded with hydratable magnesium carboxylate. The mechanical strength, bulk density, apparent porosity, thermal shock resistance, and sintering properties of the castables were evaluated. The results showed that the mechanical properties of HMC-bonded castables (HMCC) at various temperatures can be improved by adding boric acid. Boric acid reacts with HMC to form magnesium carboxylate borate ester (MCBE), which improves the bonding strength between HMC molecules. Thus, the cold modulus of rupture of HMCC containing boric acid dried at 110 °C are higher than that of calcium aluminate cement-bonded refractory castables (CACC). The decomposition temperature of MCBE is 77 °C higher than that of HMC, so MCBE can endow castables with better mechanical properties at 110 °C–500 °C. The B4C obtained by MCBE pyrolysis could form a boron-rich liquid phase, which can accelerate the structural densification of castables via transient liquid phase sintering, thus improving the mechanical properties of castables at 500 °C–1100 °C. Moreover, boric acid can improve the thermal shock resistance of HMCC. The residual strength rate first increases and then decreases with an increasing boric acid, and reaches a maximum value of 29.7% (1 wt% boric acid is added), which is 2.3 times that of the CACC. The nanoindentation test showed that the microcracks in the matrix of 1 wt% boric acid castables are easy to initiate but difficult to propagate, so the microcracks are many and wavy.

A novel electromagnetic wave (EMW) absorber was prepared by combustion synthesis. Boron carbide (B4C) powders with different grain sizes using a molten-salt-assisted combustion technique with B2O3, CB (carbon black), and Mg powders as starting materials, and NaCl as an additives. The effects of the NaCl content on the phase compositions and the microstructure of the products were characterized. A combustion front quenching method was used to elucidate the mechanism for the B4C powders synthesis. The dielectric, and EMW absorbing properties in the X-band were also investigated. The results showed that the addition of NaCl significantly reduced the grain size of B4C powders. Nanoscale B4C powders with cubic polyhedral structures were synthesized using 6 wt% NaCl (labeled as N-6). According to the quenching test results can be obtained that the first step in the combustion synthesis was melting B2O3 into a glassy substance. At the same time, Mg melted and formed a liquid pool into which the NaCl dissolved, followed reduction of the B2O3 to B. The formed B eventually reacted with CB to form B4C, and the B4C particles precipitated from the matrices. The N-6 sample exhibits optimal dielectric and EMW absorbing properties, because of a high specific surface area that enhances interfacial and space charge polarization.

The addition of C/MgAl2O4 composite powders can improve the thermal shock resistance of low-carbon Al2O3–C refractories attribute to the formation of microcracks in the agglomerated structure, thus consuming more thermal stress and strain energy. Moreover, C/MgAl2O4 composite powders additive promote the formation of short fibrous ceramic phases in the refractories, which suggest a bridging role in the interior of the refractories and increase its toughness. Furthermore, the C/MgAl2O4 composite powders also result in a remarkable enhancement of the slag corrosion resistance in the refractories.

Mg K-shell x-ray production cross sections have been investigated for the impact of H+, He2+ and highly charged heavy ions Xe20+ and Eu20+ in the energy range near the Bohr velocity. The x-ray production cross sections were extracted from the yield and compared with various theoretical calculations. It is found that, with the same incident energy per nucleon, the cross section induced by light ions is lower than that produced by highly charged heavy ions by a factor of about 104. With the impact of H+ and He2+ ions, the x-ray emission cross section can be well predicted by ECPSSR theory. However, for the bombardment of highly charged heavy ions, the BEA calculation, corrected both by Coulomb repulsion and effective nuclear charge, results in a good estimation to the experimental data.

C/MgO composite powders were prepared by combustion synthesis using magnesium oxalate and magnesium powders as raw materials. The phase composition and microstructure of the composite powders were investigated by X-ray diffraction (XRD), field-emission scanning electron microscopy/energy dispersive spectroscopy (FESEM/EDS), high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) and Raman spectroscopy. The synthetic mechanism was explored through TG-FTIR and combustion front quenching techniques. It was found that the C/MgO composite powders contained a large quantity of MgO nanofibers. When the molar ratio of magnesium oxalate and magnesium was 1:4, the carbon content of the product reached a maximum of 9.45 wt %. In the composite powders, cubic MgO particles were encapsulated by a thin carbon layer, and there was a tiny gap between MgO and the carbon layer; a large number of MgO nanofibers with aspect ratios of 80–100 were found. The cubic MgO particles of the products are the direct decomposition of MgC2O4, and the MgO nanofibers are the reaction product of gaseous Mg and CO2/CO at high temperature. Meanwhile, the carbon deposited on the MgO particles can inhibit the grain growth of MgO particles and result in the refinement of MgO particles. The uniform dispersion of carbon and the weak C/MgO interface combine, making the composite powders a potential additive for low-carbon MgO–C refractories with excellent thermal shock resistance.

Background To explore the influence of individualized positioning of tibial prosthesis rotation alignment to guide total knee arthroplasty (TKA) surgery strategy on the early postoperative effect. Method A total of 60 patients who underwent TKA in our hospital from January 2019 to March 2020 were divided into two groups: personalized operation group and traditional operation group, with 30 patients each group. The general data such as age, sex, operation time, intraoperative blood loss and hospital stay were recorded. Range of motion (ROM), visual analogue scale (VAS), knee society score (KSS), The Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Arthritis Index (WOMAC), and Oxford knee score (OKS) were recorded before, 3 months and 12 months after operation and the vertical angle between APA and STEA' was θ, the mechanical axis of lower extremities (MA) and patellofemoral index (PFI) 3 months and 12months after operation were measured to evaluate the postoperative effect. Results 3 months after operation, the ROM, VAS, KSS, vertical angle θ and PFI scores of personalized positioning group were (108.6 ± 8.27), (1.20 ± 0.56), (88.15 ± 2.54), (0.85 ± 1.08) and (0.97 ± 0.10) respectively were better than traditional operation group (102.80 ± 7.72), (2.20 ± 0.67), (83.60 ± 3.85), (7.12 ± 0.99), (1.34 ± 0.20). 12 months after operation, the ROM, VAS, KSS, vertical angle θ and PFI scores of personalized positioning group were (118.3 ± 7.26), (0.67 ± 0.48), (91.83 ± 1.74), (0.35 ± 1.03), (0.96 ± 0.15) respectively were better than traditional operation group (114.1 ± 8.09), (1.18 ± 0.83), (89.93 ± 2.50), (6.24 ± 0.69), (1.28 ± 0.19). There was no significant difference in MA, WOMAC and OKS after operation. Conclusion Personalized tibial prosthesis rotation alignment guide TKA strategy can more accurately obtain the prosthesis rotation alignment and lower limb force lines, and then guide TKA surgery, in order to achieve better results in the early postoperative period.

The in-situ high-content carbon-containing calcium aluminate cement (HCCAC) with the carbon content of 20.1 wt.% was prepared by the soft chemistry method with citric acid, calcium carbonate, and alumina as raw materials. The cement product was characterized by X-ray diffractometry, scanning electron microscopy, and Raman spectroscopy. In HCCAC, plate-like and fibrous carbon formed by the pyrolysis of organic acids were uniformly embedded between the calcium aluminate grains. Moreover, the carbon floating ratio of HCCAC in water was lower than that of the mechanical mixing powder of calcium aluminate cement (CAC) and carbon black, which indicated that the water dispersion of carbon was improved. Besides, the slag corrosion resistance properties of Al2O3-SiC-C castables bonded with HCCAC and CAC respectively were compared, and the results showed that the corrosion resistance depth of the HCCAC bonded castables was 45% lower than that of the CAC bonded castables. Therefore, HCCCA can be used as a novel binder of carbon-containing refractory castables.

In this study, we developed an effective method to detect hypochlorite acid (HClO) by using methylene blue (MB) derivative (BPY1). BPY1 was selectively oxidized through HClO, and the solution color changed from colorless to blue. In the presence of HClO, the ultraviolet–visible (UV–vis) spectra and concentration of HClO had a linear relationship with a detection limit of 0.5 μM. Furthermore, a test paper for HClO monitoring was successfully prepared using the BPY1 probe, and the observed detection limit by the naked eye was estimated at 5 μM. Additionally, using the BPY1 probe, HClO could also be detected through smartphone colorimetry, and the method showed a good recovery ranging from 98.7 to 104.0% for HClO detection in an actual water sample. Especially for developing countries, such a low-cost and highly sensitive detection method provides a simple and practical method for monitoring HClO in water.

The potential of hydratable magnesium carboxylate compounds (HMC) combined with MgO powder as a binder of castables was evaluated. The green mechanical and thermal shock resistance properties of HMC-bonded castables (HMCC) and calcium aluminate cement-bonded castables (CACC) were compared. The green mechanical strength of the HMCC reached the mechanical strength of the CACC. The residual strength ratio of the HMCC is higher than that of the CACC and increases first and then decreases with the MgO/HMC ratio. The residual strength ratio's highest value is 56.8% (MgO/HMC ratio is 2/3), which is 1.8 times that of CACC. Interestingly, the microcracks in the HMCC after thermal shock are radial, while those in CACC are linear. The micromechanical testing on the matrix of castables after thermal shock showed that the ratio of the energy for crack initiation to the work of fracture of the HMCC is lower than that of the CACC, but its fracture toughness is higher than that of the CACC, indicating that the microcracks in the HMCC initiate easily but propagate hardly.

In this article, the micro-Doppler feature analysis and extraction of small unmanned rotorcraft (SUR) is considered. To be specific, the radar returns from the rotor blades are first modeled as sinusoidal frequency-modulated (SFM) signals. Then, the Gabor transform is utilized to obtain the time-frequency distribution (TFD). In order to solve the problem of limited TF analysis resolutions, high carrier frequency of radar is employed for the sake of separating different sinusoidal curves from TFD. After that, the Hough-Radon transform (HRT) is introduced to detect the sinusoidal curves from the TFD. Finally, based on the relationship between the SFM signal and the rotating blade, the micro-Doppler parameters which can reflect the threat level of the SUR to a large extend are estimated. Compared with other existing methods, the proposed method presents the relationships between the carrier frequency and the rotating blade parameters and it can be employed to extract the micro-Doppler feature of SUR with multiple rotor hubs. Simulation results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed micro-Doppler feature extraction method.

Permeating behaviour is one of the most important factors of porous ceramics used for gas/liquid filters or membrane/catalysis supporters. Insufficient research has reported on the effect of raw particle size on permeating behaviour and the relationship between particle size and pore size of fabricated porous ceramics. In this work, porous SiC ceramics were fabricated with raw SiC particles of different grit designations and the effect of particle size on the permeating behaviour and equivalent pore size of the resulting porous ceramics were investigated. Due to oxidation of the SiC particles during the firing process, resulting materials with finer raw particles exhibited higher mass gain and lower bulk and true density. When the grit designation changed from 2000# to 120#, the strength of the resulting materials declined, and the Darcy permeability k1 increased from 6.65 × 10−15 to 4.85 × 10−13 m2. The ratio of the hydraulic equivalent diameter of pores to raw particle size in the resulting materials decreased from 0.25 to 0.11, indicating that the hydraulic equivalent pore size did not increase proportionally with the particle size increase. Further measures should be employed to enlarge pore size in porous ceramics to enhance its permeability.

Heterostructures are an important class of materials with desirable size, morphology, and functionality because of their promising applications in biosensor and photonic communication device. However, no such technology of synthesizing heterojunctions is as convenient as electric welding. Particularly, synthesizing heterojunctions with large lattice‐mismatch has been subjected to a great challenge. Herein, the hybrid heterojunction structures are obtained by in situ chemical transformation from fluoride to oxyfluoride via a laser irradiation‐welding approach (LIWA). Single NaYbF4:Ho3+@YbOF:Ho3+ heterojunctions with unique morphologies including hollow spheres, lollipops and sponge‐like plates, are successfully prepared by deliberate control over precursor particles and light welding parameters. These unique luminescent heterojunctions can not only integrate distinctive properties of fluoride and oxide, but also exhibit the unprecedented convenience for color tunability. This work provides an ultrafast LIWA for the fabrication of lattice‐mismatched heterojunctions in seconds, and LIWA allows tunable laser parameters to control the microstructures and characteristics of heterojunctions for widespread applications.

The Sunway TaihuLight, equipped with 10 million cores, is currently the world's third fastest supercomputer. SpMV is one of core algorithms in many high-performance computing applications. This paper implements a fine-grained design for generic parallel SpMV based on the special Sunway architecture and finds three main performance limitations, i.e., storage limitation, load imbalance, and huge overhead of irregular memory accesses. To address these problems, this paper introduces a customized and accelerative framework for SpMV (CASpMV) on the Sunway. The CASpMV customizes an auto-tuning four-way partition scheme for SpMV based on the proposed statistical model, which describes the sparse matrix structure characteristics, to make it better fit in with the computing architecture and memory hierarchy of the Sunway. Moreover, the CASpMV provides an accelerative method and customized optimizations to avoid irregular memory accesses and further improve its performance on the Sunway. Our CASpMV achieves a performance improvement that ranges from 588.05 to 2118.62 percent over the generic parallel SpMV on a CG (which corresponds to an MPI process) of the Sunway on average and has good scalability on multiple CGs. The performance comparisons of the CASpMV with state-of-the-art methods on the Sunway indicate that the sparsity and irregularity of data structures have less impact on CASpMV.

Saponins extracted from Sapindus mukorossi are natural nonionic surfactants with various biological activities and strong surface activities, which can be widely used in biomedicine and the daily cleaning chemical industry. In this paper, Sapindus pericarp was used as the raw material for the extraction of saponins. Effects of major extraction variables, including solvents, extraction methods, material-to-liquid ratios, and extraction time were investigated. A yield of 30.48% and purity of 61.38% were obtained by using water extraction for 4 h with a material-to-liquid ratio of 1 : 6. Fermentation was used to purify the saponins, and a high sugar resistant yeast performed better with an optimal amount of 5%. The saponins concentration slightly decreased from 38.86 g L−1 to 37.72 g L−1 after fermentation, and the purity of the saponins increased to 78.97%. Structure and performance tests of homemade saponins were also carried out. The structure of Sapindus saponins was found to be similar to that of mukurozi-saponin using FTIR and HPLC, and the foam half-life of homemade saponins was 25.82% longer than that of unfermented saponins. On comparing four chemical surfactants, the foam half-life of saponins after fermentation was found to be much longer. These results provide useful information for the development of industrial purification and application of Sapindus saponins.

Probiotics such as Lactobacillus can modulate the intestinal microbiota and have been considered as an effective strategy for ameliorating colon carcinoma; nevertheless, its efficiency remains the biggest challenge. We investigated the efficacy of JMR-01 adjuvant 12C6+ irradiation on the treatment of mice bearing CT-26 and clarified the underlying mechanisms including modulating immune cells and intestinal flora. Anti-proliferation effect of live probiotic JMR-01 and inactived probiotic (LP + IP) on CT-26 reached a maximum of 39.55% among other experiment groups at 24 h when the ratio of cell to CFU was 1:1 in vitro, which was at a high level to our knowledge. These activities have been fully validated in vivo, mice treated by 12C6+ irradiation + LP + IP (IR + LP + IP) for fifty-day held the highest survival rate (71.4%) and the cure rate (14.3%), which were higher than that in the reported literatures. Additionally, we found that the strongest stimulation index of splenocyte (2.47) and the phagocytosis index peritoneal macrophage (3.68) were achieved by LP + IP compared with single LP and IP. We demonstrated a significantly decreased abundance of Bacteroides fragilis, Clostridium perfringens and the increased abundance of Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium in mice administrated of LP + IP via plate counting of microbial in fecal. Moreover, fecal enzyme activities were dramatically decreasing and short chain fatty acids (SCFA) concentrations were significantly increasing in IR + LP + IP group compared with tumor control group, which was consistent with the trend of plate counting results. JMR-01 LP + IP adjuvant 12C6+ irradiation could mitigate cancer progression by modulating immune cells and intestinal flora.

The calculation ability of the newly-proposed accurate beam model, the double Gaussian-logistic (DG-L) model, was validated in both homogeneous and heterogeneous phantoms to provide helpful information for its future application in clinical carbon-ion treatment planning system (TPS).MatRad was used as the new algorithm test platform. Based on Monte Carlo (MC) method, the basic database in matRad was generated, then comparative dosimetric analyses between the single Gaussian (SG), double Gaussian (DG) and DG-L models against the MC recalculations were performed on the treatment plans of a cubic water phantom, a TG119 phantom and a liver patient scenario. Absolute dose differences, dose-volume histograms (DVHs) and global γ-index analyses derived from the treatment plans were evaluated.Calculated with the DG-L model, the deviations of the target dose coverage (DThe DG-L model could effectively improve the dose calculation accuracy and mitigate the delivered dose deficiency in target volumes compared to the SG and DG models. The lateral heterogeneities should be considered for its future implementation in a clinical TPS.

Background: Gut microbiota and their secreted metabolites influence the initiation, progression, and treatment responsiveness of colon cancer. Microbiota-based therapy regulated by probiotics has been considered as an effective strategy for prevention and therapeutic of colon cancer, whereas the antitumor mechanisms influenced by microbiota and their metabolites with intervention of probiotic remain further investigated.Results: Here, we investigated the preventive and therapeutic efficiency of commensal Lactobacillus in subcutaneous tumor models, and the underlying antitumor mechanism through the alteration of gut microbiota and their metabolites regulated by commensal Lactobacillus. Interestingly, we found that tumor formation rate in subcutaneous tumor models reduced 86.21% and 82.76%, in comparison to tumor controls when administrated with living or inactivated Lactobacillus (JY300-8 and JMR-01) for 20 days in advance. Subsequently, continuously oral administration for living or inactivated commensal Lactobacillus suppressed significantly the growth of tumor, and the tumor volumes declined 65.2% and 61.18%, respectively. Furthermore, microbiome and metabolome analyses revealed that commensal Lactobacillus suppressed colon tumorigenesis and progression through the modulation of gut microbiota and metabolites which included the down-regulation of secondary bile acids, sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P) signaling in cancer and pyrimidine metabolism, as well as the production of anticarcinogenic compounds in tumor-bearing mice. Particularly, limitation the effects of S1P signaling via the modulation of sphingosine expression using probiotics, exerted antitumor efficiency.Conclusions: The work indicated the feasibility of using an effectively safe strategy to prevent the occurrence of colon cancer, and provided a potential therapeutic target for new therapeutics strategy via altering S1P signaling in cancer.

Multi-dimensional, large-scale, and sparse data, which can be neatly represented by sparse tensors, are increasingly used in various applications such as data analysis and machine learning. A high-performance sparse tensor-vector product (SpTV), one of the most fundamental operations of processing sparse tensors, is necessary for improving efficiency of related applications. In this article, we propose aeSpTV, an adaptive and efficient SpTV framework on Sunway TaihuLight supercomputer, to solve several challenges of optimizing SpTVon high-performance computing platforms. First, to map SpTV to Sunway architecture and tame expensive memory access latency and parallel writing conflict due to the intrinsic irregularity of SpTV, we introduce an adaptive SpTV parallelization. Second, to co-execute with the parallelization design while still ensuring high efficiency, we design a sparse tensor data structure named CSSoCR. Third, based on the adaptive SpTV parallelization with the novel tensor data structure, we present an autotuner that chooses the most befitting tensor partitioning method for aeSpTV using the variance analysis theory of mathematical statistics to achieve load balance. Fourth, to further leverage the computing power of Sunway, we propose customized optimizations for aeSpTV. Experimental results show that aeSpTV yields good sacalability on both thread-level and process-level parallelism of Sunway. It achieves a maximum GFLOPS of 195.69 on 128 processes. Additionally, it is proved that optimization effects of the partitioning autotuner and optimization techniques are remarkable.

Intense particle beams generated from the interaction of ultrahigh intensity lasers with sample foils provide options in radiography, high-yield neutron sources, high-energy-density-matter generation, and ion fast ignition. An accurate understanding of beam transportation behavior in dense matter is crucial for all these applications. Here we report the experimental evidence on one order of magnitude enhancement of intense laser-accelerated proton beam stopping in dense ionized matter, in comparison with the current-widely used models describing individual ion stopping in matter. Supported by particle-in-cell (PIC) simulations, we attribute the enhancement to the strong decelerating electric field approaching 1 GV/m that can be created by the beam-driven return current. This collective effect plays the dominant role in the stopping of laser-accelerated intense proton beams in dense ionized matter. This finding is essential for the optimum design of ion driven fast ignition and inertial confinement fusion., A detailed understanding of particle stopping in matter is essential for nuclear fusion and high energy density science. Here, the authors report one order of magnitude enhancement of intense laser-accelerated proton beam stopping in dense ionized matter in comparison with currently used models describing ion stopping in matter.

To develop a novel high-temperature microwave absorber, B4C/Al2O3/CNTs composite powders were prepared by a combustion synthesis method. The experiment results show that the products are mainly composed by B4C, α-Al2O3, and residual CNTs. The better crystallinity B4C particles had a grain size about 0.5–1.0 μm and embedded in the Al2O3 matrix, while the CNTs cracked and dispersed in the composite powders. The results of combustion synthesis process illustrated that as CNTs increase, the product zone decreased, and the combustion temperature (Tc), the adiabatic combustion temperature (Tad), and the combustion wave velocity (VC) decreased. The dielectric permittivity of prepared composite powders has been determined in the X band. The results show that the dielectric real part e´ and dielectric loss tanδ have a growing tendency with the increase of the CNTs. The dielectric real part (e′) and the loss tangent (tanδ) reached the highest, when the molar excess coefficient of CNTs was 0.2 (CS-2). The different mass ratios of CS-2 and paraffin binder were combined to test their dielectric properties. The results show that both e′ and tanδ increased with the increase of the CS-2, while the impedance matching ratio decreased.

Kinetics and mechanism of oxidation induced contraction of MgAl2O4 spinel carbon composites reinforced by Al4C3in situ reaction were researched in air using vertical high temperature thermal dilatometer from 25 °C to 1 400 °C. It is shown that oxidation induced contraction of MgAl2O4 spinel carbon composites reinforced Al4C3in situ reaction is the common logarithm of oxidation time t and the oxygen partial pressure P inside MgAl2O4 spinel carbon composites reinforced by Al4C3in situ reaction in air at 1 400 °C is as follows: P=F(−2.75×10−4A+2.13×10−3) lnt. The nonsteady diffusion kinetic equation of O2 at 1 400 °C inside the composites is as follows: J=De lnt. Acceleration of the total diffusional flux of oxygen inside the composites at 1 400 °C is in inverse proportion to the oxidation time. The nonsteady state effective diffusion coefficient De of O2(g) inside the composites decreases in direct proportional to the increase of the amount of metallic aluminium. The method of preventing the oxidation induced contraction of MgAl2O4 spinel carbon composites reinforced by Al4C3in situ reaction is to increase the amount of Al. The slag erosion index of MgO-Al2O3 spinel carbon composite reinforced by Al4C3in situ reaction is 0.47 times that of MgO-CaO brick used in the lining above slag line area of a VOD stainless steel-making vessel. HMOR of MgO-Al2O3 spinel carbon composite reinforced by Al4C3in situ reaction is 26.7 MPa, HMOR of the composite is 3.6 times the same as that of MgO-CaO brick used in the lining above slag line area of a VOD vessel. Its service life is two times as many as that of MgO-CaO brick.

On 18 July 2009, the Asian Nuclear Physics Association (ANPhA) [1] was officially launched in Beijing by representatives from China, Korea, Japan, and Vietnam.The main objectives of ANPhA are clear...

Identifying the family of malware can determine their malicious intent and attack patterns, which helps to efficiently analyze large numbers of malware variants. Methods based on traditional machine learning often require a lot of time and resources in feature engineering. Virtually all existing static analysis methods based on malware visualization are derived from grayscale images, while a single low-order feature representation may be detrimental to discovering hidden features in a malware family. Based on these problems, this paper proposes an effective malware classification framework (MalFCS) based on malware visualization and automated feature extraction. MalFCS includes mainly three modules: malware visualization, feature extraction, and classification. First, we visualize malware binaries as entropy graphs based on structural entropy. Second, we present a feature extractor based on deep convolutional neural networks to extract patterns shared by a family from entropy graphs automatically. Finally, we propose an SVM classifier to classify malware based on the extracted features. We evaluate the proposed MalFCS over two widely studied benchmark datasets, i.e., Malimg and Microsoft. Experimental results show that compared with the state-of-the-art methods, MalFCS can obtain excellent classification performance with accuracy of 0.997 and 1, respectively, achieving the state-of-the-art performance.

Fluorine-free foam fire extinguishing agents are environmentally friendly compared with aqueous film-forming foam fire extinguishing agents (AFFF). Design-Expert 11.0 software and the Box-Behnken design principle were used to optimize the foaming agent formulation which is the core of fluorine-free foam extinguishing agents and regression models of the expansion ratio (α), 50% drainage time (t50%) and surface tension (γ) were established. Furthermore, the optimal combination of foaming agent various factors (the mass fraction of APG0810, silicone surfactant, SDS and BS-12) were predicted by the regression models. The prediction results showed that when the mass fraction of APG0810, silicone surfactant, SDS and BS-12 were 2.0%, 0.242%, 0.116% and 0.349%, respectively, the comprehensive foaming agent performance was highest. The α, t50% and γ of the optimized foaming agent were 8.0, 376 s, and 24.1 mN/m, respectively. The fluorinefree foam fire extinguishing agent was prepared by compounding the optimized foaming agent with foam stabilizers and other additives, resulting in a surface tension of 24.3 mN/m and a spreading factor greater than zero. The, α, t50% and sealing time of the fluorine-free foam fire extinguishing agent were 7.6, 541 s, and 895 s, respectively, which were 8.6%, 16.1%, and 14% higher than commercial 6% AFFF.

β-SiAlON/h-BN composite with nearly full density was prepared by a precursor infiltration pyrolysis (PIP) combing pressureless sintering route, and its thermal shock resistance was evaluated by an indentation quenching method, experimentally. The prepared β-SiAlON/h-BN composite possesses equivalent apparent porosity and bulk density to the pressureless sintered β-SiAlON, which means the sintering and densifying were not hindered by the h-BN introduced by the PIP. The β-SiAlON/h-BN composite shows slight strength degrading and equivalent hardness compared with the β-SiAlON. After the quenching test, the crack propagation ratio of the β-SiAlON/h-BN is much lower, as little as only less than 1/60 of the β-SiAlON’s. It means that the thermal shock resistance of the β-SiAlON is improved significantly without obvious strength degrading by introducing of h-BN with the PIP procedure. High strength and excellent thermal shock resistance of the β-SiAlON/h-BN prepared in this work give it a great potential for application in high-temperature environments.

Here we report a novel strategy for controllable preparation monodisperse alginate microcapsules with oil cores, where the thickness of the alginate shells, as well as the number and diversity of the oil cores can be tailored precisely. Monodisperse oil-in-water-in-oil (O/W/O) emulsions are generated in a microfluidic device as templates, which contain alginate molecules and a water-soluble calcium complex in the middle aqueous phase. Alginate microcapsules are produced by gelling O/W/O emulsions in oil solution with acetic acid, where the pH decreasing will trigger the calcium ions being released from calcium complex and cross-linking with alginate molecules. Increasing the alginate molecule concentration in emulsion templates affects little on the thickness of the microcapsules but improves their stability in DI water. The strength of alginate microcapsules can be reinforced by post cross-linking in calcium chloride, polyetherimide, or chitosan solution. Typical payloads, such as thyme essential oil, lavender essential oil and W/O emulsions are encapsulated in alginate microcapsules successfully. Furthermore, tailoring the thickness of the alginate shells, as well as the number and the diversity of the oil cores precisely by manipulation the emulsion templates with microfluidics is also demonstrated. The proposed method shows excellent controllability in designing alginate microcapsules with oil cores.

The X-ray emissions in the interaction of 3–6 MeV Xe23+ ions into thick solid In target are measured. The projectile-to-target and target Lα/Lβ X-ray production intensity ratios are observed to strongly depend on the projectile energy. The dependence deviates from Coulomb ionization predictions, which implies the important roles of coupling between subshells and the activation of 4fσ rotational couplings for projectile energy larger than 5 MeV.

Advanced structural materials with excellent electromagnetic wave (EMW)-absorbing properties and outstanding mechanical properties have stimulated attention in recent years. The application of CNTs as excellent EMW absorbers in ceramic matrix composites has been limited due to the difficulty of homogeneously dispersing these CNTs. Herein, CNTs/Si–O–C nanocomposites were synthesized by a polymer-derived ceramics method using polysiloxane (PSO) as a precursor and functionalized CNTs as fillers, and the CNTs/PSO precursors were pyrolyzed at 800 °C under Ar atmosphere. The carboxyl CNTs (CNTs-COOH) could be steadily suspended in PSO/ethanol solution for a longer time compared with pristine CNTs and hydroxylated CNTs (CNTs-OH); these results revealed that CNTs-COOH can disperse homogeneously in PSO/ethanol solution due to stronger electrostatic repulsions with each other and strong binding forces with PSO and ethanol. The effects of the loading ratio of CNTs-COOH on the EMW-absorbing properties at the X band (8.2–12.4 GHz) and the mechanical properties of CNTs/Si–O–C nanocomposites were investigated. When the filler loading ratio was 7.5 wt %, CNTs/Si–O–C nanocomposites had a minimum reflection loss of -60.40 dB at 10.15 GHz with a thickness of 2.5 mm, and the effective wave absorbing band covered 3.11 GHz (8.78 GHz–11.89 GHz). The flexural strength was significantly enhanced from 5.70 MPa of Si–O–C ceramic to 12.50 MPa with 7.5 wt % CNTs and 23.74 MPa with 10.0 wt % CNTs.

The prevalence of the Internet of Things (IoT) and the explosion of available information on the Web have led to an enormous amount of widely available IoT data sets with sparsity. Sparse matrix–vector multiplication (SpMV) is one of the most essential algorithms in various kinds of IoT applications. This article designs an autotuning hybrid computing scheme for SpMV, named ahSpMV, on the powerful and unique architecture of Sunway TaihuLight supercomputer, to combine the advantages of the heterogeneous parallel Sunway architecture and the Hybrid (HYB) sparse matrix format and optimize the SpMV’s performance. First, we propose a heterogeneous parallelization design for ahSpMV based on the heterogeneous manycore architecture of the SW26010 of Sunway TaihuLight and the hybrid feature of the HYB format. Second, we propose several optimization techniques for computation and communication of ahSpMV, to fully utilize the computing power of Sunway. Third, we analyze the execution time of ahSpMV on Sunway. Fourth, based on the performance analysis, we propose an autotuning scheme for ahSpMV to set the proper parameter for the HYB format. We evaluate ahSpMV’s performance on the Sunway architecture. The result analysis indicates that ahSpMV has obvious performance improvement over parallel SpMV based on other related sparse matrix formats. The optimization techniques and the autotuning scheme for ahSpMV also yield expected optimization effects. Moreover, the experimental results illustrate that ahSpMV has good scalability on the Sunway architecture.

The study aims to explore the corrosion behaviors of 13Cr steel in the high-temperature steam environment. The corrosion behaviors of 13Cr steel were tested in CO2 auxiliary steam drive environment simulated with the HTHP autoclave. The corrosion morphology and product composition were explored by SEM, EDS, XRD and XPS. The exploration results showed the corrosion rate of 13Cr steel in the high-temperature steam environment was less than 0.04 mm/a. The corrosion behaviors of 13Cr steel were mainly affected by temperature and chloride ion concentration. Temperature inhibited steam condensation and the compactness of Cr-rich layer. With the increase in temperature, more droplets were adsorbed on the surface of 13Cr steel and the compactness of the Cr-rich layer is worse. Chloride ions affects the activity of Fe atoms in the metal matrix. When chloride concentration increased, Fe2+ concentration in the solution and FeCO3 content in the rich-Cr layer were increased and the rich-Cr layer became looser. Keywords: CO2 auxiliary steam drive, Temperature, Cl− concentration, Corrosion, 13Cr steel

Background: Accurate patient positioning and the corresponding position verification play a key role in precision radiotherapy. The conventional position verification techniques, such as cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT), used in radiotherapy deliver additional radiation doses to patients; thus some complications may occur in the surrounding normal tissue. Additionally, the present registration and fusion algorithms require a long time to verify and monitor the patient's position in real-time. Method: A new simple method using three conventional video cameras from different directions for observing the changes in the patient's position and taking the multiangular surface images of the patient without delivering additional doses of radiation is proposed in this paper. Real-time patient position verification could be achieved through this Oriented FAST and Rotated BRIEF (ORB) algorithm modified by us. Results: A plastic patient model immobilized with thermoplastic shell on a simulation couch was used to verify the accuracy and feasibility of our method. Testing results showed that the position and angle offset errors identified with our system were less than 1 mm and 1°, respectively. Moreover, the modified ORB algorithm was fast enough for real-time images comparison. Conclusion: This proposed method shows a great potential for application in verifying and monitoring the patient's position in real time during radiotherapy.