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La-Mg-Ni alloys were prepared by melt-spinning with different cooling rates and followed by annealing. Elevation of the cooling rate leads to refinement of the grains size and increasing of the abundance of LaNi5. Annealing is favorable to formation of the A2B7-type phase and promotes the discharge capacity, cycling stability and high rate discharge ability of the as-spun alloys. Phase constitution of the annealed alloys is found to be closely related to the microstructure of the as-spun alloys. A single phase A2B7-type microstructure is obtained in the annealed alloy which is attributed to the lower abundance of the LaNi5 of the original alloy spun with lower cooling rate. Formation of the single phase A2B7-type microstructure is also ascribed to the isolated and homogeneous distribution of the morphology of the as-spun alloy. The single phase alloy presents higher discharge capacity and better cycling stability compared with other annealed alloys.

Cardiac fibrosis is a pathological reparative process that occurs subsequent to myocardial injury. It is associated with cardiac systolic and diastolic dysfunction and reduced cardiac compliance that eventually leads to heart failure. Delaying or inhibiting the progression of pathological myocardial fibrosis is of great significance for the treatment of many cardiovascular diseases. The Wnt signaling pathway is closely related to the occurrence of organ fibrosis, and Notum is a highly conserved secreted feedback inhibitor of Wnt signaling. It has been shown that Notum acts as a regulator in many organs, such as the aging intestinal epithelium, adult ventricular-subventricular zone neurogenesis, and mouse tooth root development. However, the role and mechanism of Notum on cardiac fibrosis are not well-understood. In this study, we found that Notum significantly increased survival rate and improved cardiac function following myocardial infarction in mice. More importantly, Notum inhibited the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway and senescence of cardiac fibroblasts, thereby decreasing the activation of cardiac fibroblasts, reducing the excessive deposition of extracellular matrix, and ultimately inhibiting the occurrence of cardiac fibrosis. Taken together, our findings demonstrated the anti-fibrotic effects of Notum on maladaptive cardiac fibrosis, and suggest that it may be a new strategy for the treatment of cardiac fibrosis.

Network security includes hardware, software, human error and unpredictable objective factors. As a profession skill computer professional courses in higher vocational colleges, how to set up the teaching module of network security course, bring students into the scene classroom, can experience and understand the principle of network security in the present situation is the key point of this course. From the perspective of attack and defense of network security incidents, this paper constructs the curriculum structure module according to the idea of red blue confrontation, and designs the learning scene according to the cognitive psychology and cognitive rules of higher vocational students, so that students can be personally on the scene in the classroom, exercise and improve their skills in practice. It is found that through the group learning of attack and defense module, students’ interest in classroom learning and exploration is stimulated, their professional skills are constantly proficient, and the new problems found in practice are constantly enriched into the curriculum construction, which has certain reference significance for the classroom reform of colleges and universities.

Salt stress is a major limiting factor that severely affects the survival and growth of crops. It is important to understand the salt tolerance ability of Brassica napus and explore the underlying related genetic resources. We used a high-throughput phenotyping platform to quantify 2,111 image-based traits (i-traits) of a natural population under 3 different salt stress conditions and an intervarietal substitution line (ISL) population under 9 different stress conditions to monitor and evaluate the salt stress tolerance of B. napus over time. We finally identified 928 high-quality i-traits associated with the salt stress tolerance of B. napus. Moreover, we mapped the salt stress-related loci in the natural population via a genome-wide association study (GWAS) and performed a linkage analysis associated with the ISL population, respectively. The results revealed 234 candidate genes associated with salt stress response, and two novel candidate genes, BnCKX5 and BnERF3, were experimentally verified to regulate the salt stress tolerance of B. napus. This study demonstrates the feasibility of using high-throughput phenotyping-based QTL mapping to accurately and comprehensively quantify i-traits associated with B. napus. The mapped loci could be used for genomics-assisted breeding to genetically improve the salt stress tolerance of B. napus.

An efficient one-pot approach for the synthesis of quinolines from

The success of plant reproduction depends on the timely transition from the vegetative phase to reproductive growth, a process often referred to as flowering. Although several plant-specific transcription factors belonging to the Teosinte Branched 1/Cycloidea/Proliferating Cell Factor (TCP) family are reportedly involved in the regulation of flowering in Arabidopsis, the molecular mechanisms, especially for Class I TCP members, are poorly understood. Here, we genetically identified Class I TCP7 as a positive regulator of flowering time. Protein interaction analysis indicated that TCP7 interacted with several Nuclear Factor-Ys (NF-Ys), known as the 'pioneer' transcription factors; CONSTANS (CO), a main photoperiod regulator of flowering. SUPPRESSOR OF OVEREXPRESSION OF CONSTANS 1 (SOC1) was differentially expressed in the dominant-negative mutant of TCP7 (lcu) and the loss-of-function mutant of Class I TCP members (septuple). Additionally, we obtained genetic and molecular evidence showing that TCP7 directly activates the flowering integrator gene, SOC1. Moreover, TCP7 synergistically activated SOC1 expression upon interacting with CO and NF-Ys in vivo. Collectively, our results provide compelling evidence that TCP7 synergistically interacts with NF-Ys to activate the transcriptional expression of the flowering integrator gene SOC1.

This study investigated the effects of the non-covalent interaction of pea protein isolate (PPI) with epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG), chlorogenic acid (CA) and resveratrol (RES) on the structural and functional properties of proteins. The conformational changes of the protein structure with EGCG, CA and RES were analyzed using fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. Polyphenols strongly quenched the intrinsic fluorescence of PPI mainly through static quenching. The main interaction force was hydrogen bonding and van der Waals forces for PPI-EGCG, the main interaction force of PPI-CA complex was electrostatic interaction, while RES and PPI were bound by hydrophobic interaction. Free sulfhydryl groups and surface hydrophobicity significantly decreased in PPI after binding with phenolic compounds. The presence of EGCG, CA and RES enhanced the emulsification, foaming and in vitro digestibility of PPI. These results illustrate the potential applications of PPI-polyphenol complexes in food formulations.

Deregulation of reduction-oxidation (redox) metabolism under environmental stresses results in enhanced production of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS), which ultimately leads to post-translational modifications (PTMs) of responsive proteins. Redox PTMs play an important role in regulation of protein function and cellular signalling. By means of large-scale redox proteomics, we studied reversible cysteine modification during the response to short-term salt stress in Brassica napus (B. napus). We applied an iodoacetyl tandem mass tags (iodoTMT)-based proteomic approach to analyse the redox proteome of B. napus seedlings under control and salt-stressed conditions. We identified 1,821 sulphenylated sites in 912 proteins from all samples. A great number of sulphenylated proteins were predicted to localize to chloroplasts and cytoplasm and GO enrichment analysis of differentially sulphenylated proteins revealed that metabolic processes such as photosynthesis and glycolysis are enriched and enzymes are overrepresented. Redox-sensitive sites in two enzymes were validated in vitro on recombinant proteins and they might affect the enzyme activity. This targeted approach contributes to the identification of the sulphenylated sites and proteins in B. napus subjected to salt stress and our study will improve our understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying the redox regulation in response to salt stress.

Bamboo floorings are the most important industrial products in the bamboo sector. With the aim of providing a useful guide for the development of bamboo floorings, this study quantitatively assessed the environmental impacts of the two primary types of bamboo floorings, laminated flooring and scrimber flooring, using life cycle assessment (LCA) software SimaPro. The purpose of this study was to find out which type of bamboo flooring is more environmentally friendly through quantitatively analyzing the input and output of materials and energy during the whole life cycle of the two types of flooring products. The present study demonstrated that the majority of the environmental burdens were associated with the process of bamboo strip production for bamboo laminated flooring (59.3%), and the process of panel processing for bamboo scrimber floorings (56.9%). In terms of environmental loads, bamboo laminated flooring was considered more sustainable than bamboo scrimber flooring, as the total environmental loads of bamboo scrimber flooring was approximately 1.6 times that of bamboo laminated flooring.

A test bench was constructed to enable the study of the influence of different parameters for gas leaks using computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulation and IR-thermography detection. The results show that the gas chamber should be larger than 300×300×300 mm

Agar/sodium alginate (AG/SA) nanocomposite films were prepared using solution casting method in presence of various concentrations of nano-SiO2 (2.5, 5, 7.5, and 10 wt%). The effect of nano-SiO2 concentration on the nanocomposite film was investigated. The result of Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) illustrated the formation of hydrogen bonding between nano-SiO2 and polysaccharide. As nano-SiO2 concentration rose from 0 to 10 wt%, the tensile strength and elongation at break all increased up to maximum, respectively. The tensile strength and elongation at break of film containing 10 wt% nano-SiO2 increased by 65.29% and 60.38% respectively when compared to those of film prepared without nano-SiO2. The reason for enhancing in tensile strength might be related to the formation of molecular interaction. The film containing 2.5 wt% nano-SiO2 had maximum water contact angle and minimum water vapor permeability among those of all films prepared in this work. However, the film containing 10 wt% nano-SiO2 had minimum swelling degree and water solubility, further demonstrating the formation of strong interaction. The addition of nano-SiO2 improved the properties of film against UV light and thermal stability. Overall, the addition of nano-SiO2 enhanced the mechanical properties, water resistance and thermal stability of polysaccharide film.

TCP (TEOSINTE BRANCHED1/CYCLOIDEA/PROLIFERATING CELL FACTOR) proteins, a family of plant-specific transcription factors, play important roles in many developmental processes. However, genetic and functional redundancy among class I TCP limits the analysis of their biological roles. Here, we identified a dominant-negative mutant of Arabidopsis thaliana TCP7 named leaf curling-upward (lcu), which exhibits smaller leaf cells and shorter hypocotyls than the wild type, due to defective endoreplication. A septuple loss-of-function mutant of TCP7, TCP8, TCP14, TCP15, TCP21, TCP22, and TCP23 displayed similar developmental defects to those of lcu. Genome-wide RNA-sequencing showed that lcu and the septuple mutant share many misexpressed genes. Intriguingly, TCP7 directly targets the CYCLIN D1;1 (CYCD1;1) locus and activates its transcription. We determined that the C-terminus of TCP7 accounts for its transcriptional activation activity. Furthermore, the mutant protein LCU exhibited reduced transcriptional activation activity due to the introduction of an EAR-like repressive domain at its C-terminus. Together, these observations indicate that TCP7 plays important roles during leaf and hypocotyl development, redundantly, with at least six class I TCPs, and regulates the expression of CYCD1;1 to affect endoreplication in Arabidopsis.

Graphene oxide (GO) has obvious desensitizing effect on the thermal decomposition of energetic materials such as HMX, CL-20, etc. 4,4'-Azo-1,2,4-triazole (ATRZ) is known as a new type of energetic material with high N content; the underlying thermal decomposition mechanism of graphene oxide-ATRZ (GO-ATRZ) complex with low sensitivity has not been studied. The present work studies the thermal decomposition mechanisms of GO, ATRZ,and the GO-ATRZ complex (the number of carboxyl groups on GO:ATRZ = 2:1) by the ReaxFF molecular reactive dynamic simulations and kinetics calculations. As a result, it has been found that the main decomposition pathway of GO is the exfoliation of hydroxyl and carboxyl groups on the graphene sheet, whereas ATRZ breaks its five-membered ring as the main decomposition path, and the ring further decomposes into small molecules, such as CHN, N2, HN2, H2N2, etc. The major effect of GO on ATRZ is probably derived from the stable graphene sheet, which has a space effect on ATRZ, and the strong oxidizing hydroxyl groups produced during GO decomposition, which results in the formation of CON and CHON. By calculating the activation energy of N2 generation in the reactions, it can be concluded that the addition of GO can increase the decomposition activation energy of ATRZ (41.1 kJ·mol-1) in comparison with that of its pure substance (25.0 kJ·mol-1). Therefore, GO can be combined with ATRZ as a desensitizer where GO can improve the molecular stability of ATRZ.

The reactions of Ru3(CO)12 with alkynes R1C CR2 (R1 = pyridyl, R2 = Ph (1); R1 = pyridyl, R2 = ferrocenyl (2); R1 = R2 = Ph (3)) in toluene afforded a linear triruthenium cluster (1a/1b), a triangular triruthenium cluster (2a) and two biruthenium clusters (3a and 3b). All clusters were characterized by FT-IR, NMR, ESI-MS spectrometry and single-crystal X-ray diffraction. The structures of 1a/1b (two polymorphs) contain each a Ru3 linear skeleton, which arises from the coupling and coordination of two ligands 1 with the ruthenium centers and formation of two six-membered rings with a common edge. The structure of 2a contains a metallacyclopentadienyl framework formed by two coupled ligands 2 bonding with a triangular-arranged ruthenium skeleton via a μ4-η1:η2:η1:η1 bonding mode, and a four-membered ring formed by the third ligand 2 bonding with ruthenium atom in a μ3-η1:η1 bonding mode and linking of its pyridyl N atom with another ruthenium atom. The reaction of 3 and Ru3(CO)12 in toluene gave unexpected ruthenole 3a and a reported cluster 3b. A detailed investigation on the reaction processes suggested that the nitrogen atoms of the pyridyl groups in the alkyne ligand 1–2 directs the formation of the triruthenium clusters 1a/1b and 2a. The electronic and steric effects of a ferrocenyl group are distinctly different from those of a phenyl group and lead to the diverse structures of the products 1a/1b and 2a in the reactions of Ru3(CO)12 with alkynes 1–2, respectively. Moreover, the solvent properties exert great effects on the product distribution.

The reactions of Ru3(CO)12 with alkynyl ketones R1CCC(O)R2 (R1 = Et, R2 = Me (1); R1 = Ph, R2 = Me (2); R1 = n-hexyl, R2 = Ph (3); R1 = H, R2 = CH3 (4); and R1 = C(O)OCH3, R2 = OCH3 (5)) proceeds in toluene with the formation of three ruthenoles (1a–3a), four CO-inserted binuclear clusters (1b–2b, 1c and 3c), a tetranuclear cluster 4a, a binuclear cluster 5a and a cyclotrimerization product 5b. Clusters 1a–3a, 1b, 2b, 1c and 3c were isolated from the reactions of Ru3(CO)12 with two equivalents of the corresponding ketones 1–3; 4a and 5a were collected by adding 4 and 5 to Ru3(CO)12 in molar ratios of 1 : 1 and 1 : 3, respectively; 5b was obtained by adding 5 to 5a in a molar ratio of 2 : 1. All compounds were characterized by NMR, FT-IR, and MS-ESI, and most of them were structurally verified by single crystal X-ray diffraction. Although the reaction products of 1–3 and Ru3(CO)12 exhibit similar cluster frameworks of usual ruthenoles and CO-inserted binuclear clusters, the isolation of the clusters 1b–2b, 1c and 3c reveals their strong dependence on both electronic and steric effects of the substituents of the 1,3-ynones 1–3. In addition, detailed investigations suggested that the high reactivity of the terminal hydrogen atom and electron-withdrawing property of the carbonyl group in 4 play a key role in the formation of 4a, and that the structurally unusual 5a is an intermediate in the formation of 5b.

Graphene oxide (GO) has a catalytic effect on the thermal decomposition of energetic materials above the melting point. To further enhance the catalytic activity of GO, it has been functionalized with the high nitrogen ligand triaminoguanidine (TAG). However, theoretical studies on the reactivity of functionalized GO (e.g., GO-TAG) have not been carried out. Therefore, the thermal decomposition of each TAG, GO and GO-TAG is studied by molecular dynamic simulations using a reactive force-field (ReaxFF) with experimental verification, and the results are reported herein. The results show that the GO nanolayer has a tendency to aggregate into a large carbon cluster during its degradation. The main decomposition products of TAG are NH3, N2 and H2. For GO-TAG, the main decomposition products are H2O, NH3, N2 and H2. GO has a significant acceleration effect on the decomposition process of TAG by decreasing the decomposition temperature of TAG. This phenomenon is in agreement with the experimental results. The initial decomposition of TAG is mainly caused by hydrogen transfer in the molecule. The edge carbon atoms of GO promote the decomposition of TAG molecules and reduce the decomposition activation energy of TAG by 15.4 kJ mol−1. Therefore, TAG will quickly decompose due to the catalytic effect of GO. This process produces a “new” GO that catalyzes the decomposition of components such as TAG. At the same time, many free radicals (HN2, H2N and free H) are generated during the decomposition of TAG to catalyze the decomposition of other components, which in turn, enhance the catalytic capability of GO.

A robust Co-based metal–organic framework, [Co3(L)(OH)2(H2O)4]·2DMF·2H2O (1), was synthesized under solvothermal conditions using pyridyl-decorated tetracarboxylic acid, 2,6-di(2′,5′-dicarboxylphenyl)pyridine (H4L). Structural analysis demonstrates that 1 is a 3D framework based on 1D alternate Co4 chain units. The desolvated structure of 1a contains 1D open channels with a highly polar pore surface decorated with open metal sites, μ3-OH group and pyridyl group sites, exhibiting multipoint interactions between C2H2 and CO2 molecules. The framework efficiently takes up C2H2 and CO2 with significant selectivity for C2H2 and CO2 over CH4. In addition, the magnetic properties of 1 were investigated and it showed a slow freezing process.

Immuno-oncotherapy has shown great promise for the cure of late-stage and metastatic cancer. Great efforts have tried to improve the overall response rate (ORR) and to reduce the immune-related adverse events (irAEs). Antigen presentation, T cell activation and killing are interlocking and distinct steps to initiate effective anti-tumor immune responses. Aiming to overcome the tumor immune evasion whose mechanisms include limited release of neoantigen, suppressed infiltration of antigen-presenting cells (APCs) and T cells, and the expression of immune checkpoints (ICPs), combinational therapeutic strategies have shown great potential by activating the anti-tumor immune responses together with deactivating immunosuppressive conditions simultaneously. In this direction, photothermal therapy (PTT) has attracted attention due to the efficient ablation of tumor cells, of which the released immunogenic tumor debris can activate host immune responses. The combination of immunoadjuvants and/or ICP inhibitors can boost the anti-tumor immune responses, realizing PTT-synergized immuno-oncotherapy. In this regard, numerous multifunctional nanomaterials have been designed with integration of photothermal and immuno-oncotherapeutic agents into one package via well-designed surface modification and functionalization. This review summarizes the recent studies on the synergistic strategies for the immuno-oncotherapy based on photothermal nanoagents and the mechanisms that trigger the systemic anti-tumor immune responses and PTT-synergized immuno-oncotherapy. This article is categorized under: Therapeutic Approaches and Drug Discovery > Nanomedicine for Oncologic Disease.

The optimal dispatching model of cascade hydropower stations features vibration zones, time-delay and nonlinearity. As for the market clearing problem, it is required to increase more discrete variables. At the same time, the network security constraints of hydropower output channels in large hydropower provinces are complex, so that the calculation time increases significantly. In this paper, first, considering the hydro-power coupling constraints, the variables and constraints related to the vibration zone and water level are compressed; then, by Benders decomposition method, the clearing problem is decomposed into the main problem of optimization without security constraints and the sub-problem of network power flow security constraints. In the sub-problem, the unit adjustment value is screened to centralize the units that make a little contribution to security and economy, so as to achieve further compression of unit variable and reduction of solving dimension. Finally, we analyze the calculation example based on the actual power grid data, and the results show that the proposed variable dimension reduction method can effectively reduce the market clearing time with participation of cascade hydropower stations.

From 2008 to 2020, Chinese automobile production and sales have ranked first in the world. The huge production, sales, and ownership of automobiles will inevitably lead to a rapid increase of end-of-life vehicles in the future and a corresponding issue of resource recycling. Based on the analysis of a practical dismantling study and statistics declared by the supplier of 19.5% of components and parts with a weight greater than 0.5 kg from two typical vehicle models from 2011 to 2013, this paper focuses on nonmetallic components and parts, the connection of components and parts materials, and the product life cycle of each stage, to find rational technical solutions, and therefore maximize recyclability and recoverability and achieve sustainable development. On one hand, recycling at each stage for vehicles is considered in the design and development of products. As a result, it is found that the main methods, which are conducive to recycling, are increasing the use ratio of materials that are easy to recycle. In addition, general principles of material selection are summarized. On the other hand, vehicles’ dismantling is considered in the initial stage of product design and methods of structural design are summarized.

The global emergency caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic can only be solved with effective and widespread preventive and therapeutic strategies, and both are still insufficient. Here, we describe an ultrathin two-dimensional CuInP

With the rapid development of the ultra-high voltage AC/DC channel, power grid of China shows obvious characteristics of power balance integration in the whole grid. Therefore, it is necessary to optimize the generation-transmission-utilization plan of the whole grid at large. To this end, for the uncertainty in practical response of the flexible loads, a multi-area joint scheduling in consideration of flexible loads is proposed. In the method, according to the load response characteristics, flexible loads are divided into transferable loads, shiftable loads and reducible loads; it is defined that the transferable loads guide response through time-of-use power price to reduce the peak valley difference of the load. Shiftable loads and reducible loads participate in the scheduling to optimize and improve the consumption of regional new energy. In the end, based on the power characteristics of AC/DC tie lines, a joint scheduling model with complementary sources in multi-area is established to reduce the overall operation cost of power grid and improve the clean energy accommodation. The model is applied to a practical example, and the analysis results of the example verify the feasibility of the proposed method.

Tie-line scheduling in an interconnected power grid is difficult to perform optimization by establishing a unified physical model due to the different scheduling methods in different dispatching centers. It may cause repeated coordination and iteration in multi-level dispatching centers. Therefore, a data-driven tie-line scheduling method with self-learning ability is proposed. First, perform cluster pre-processing of historical dispatching data with K-means algorithm; secondly, establish a deep learning model of tie-line scheduling based on long short-term memory (LSTM), and build a mapping model among system load, clean energy output and tie-line schedule through historical data training; After that, the all above process is used as a foundation to do the tie-line scheduling; finally, continuously revise the model by accumulating historical data, so that it has the ability of self-evolution and self-learning. We make a case analysis based on the actual power grid data, and the calculation results show the effectiveness of the proposed method.

There are generally large errors between forecast and actual values of new energy power in the dayahead stage, which may cause curtailment of wind power and photovoltaic power due to the insufficient reserve of provincial power grids in the intra-day stage. Therefore, multi-time scale multi-province coordinative day-ahead and intra-day scheduling model considering the uncertainty of new energy prediction is proposed in this paper: Considering the possible errors of new energy prediction in the day-ahead stage, a multi-provincial robust unit commitment model is established to provide sufficient reserves for new energy consumption; the tie-line scheduling and unit output in the intra-day stage according to ultra-short-term predicted data of new energy is adjusted to establish an intra-day scheduling model considering tie-line power flow control. The proposed model is applied to the actual calculation example in a certain region of China, the results of which show that the model can give play to the mutual aid of interconnected power grids and effectively improve the consumption level of new energy.

In the new round of China's electricity reform, the construction of electricity spot market will be fully implemented. However, the electricity market of some provinces is dominated by cascade hydropower, resulting in significant differences with those electricity markets in the United States and Europe. A provincial electricity spot market mechanism dominated by hydropower is designed accordingly. Firstly, based on the major market models abroad, the similarities and differences of Brazil and Norway hydropower dominated market models are analyzed in terms of electricity market reform, market trading mechanism and trans-regional resource allocation. Secondly, we analyzed the benefits brought by centralized market model to the operation safety, hydropower allocation optimization and connection with the current scheduling system. Moreover, it points out that the future electricity market should follow the model of “centralized spot market + medium and long-term difference contract”. The development of China's electricity spot market featuring a high proportion of hydropower is predicted according to three stages. Finally, the key technical requirements faced by future hydropower dominated electricity market construction are summarized.

There is a growing demand for trans-regional transmission of clean energy such as wind power and photovoltaic power through ultra-high voltage direct current (UHVDC) system. To solve the problem of difficulty in transmission of new energy through UHVDC due to random fluctuations, this paper puts forward a transmission scheme of using the supporting thermal power to smooth power fluctuation of new energy and realize bundled transmission, establishes an integrated tie-line scheduling model of wind power, photovoltaic power and thermal power transmission through UHVDC system, and introduces the conditional value-at-risk (CVaR) theory according to the concept of new energy transmission risk to quantify the new energy transmission risk, for analyzing the new energy transmission capacity of tie-line scheduling under different confidence levels and risks. The model is applied to a practical calculation example, and the calculation result shows the effectiveness of the proposed method.

The “network attack and defense competition for college students” held by the Ministry of education and the office of industry and information technology every year attracts more and more colleges and universities to participate in it. In order to achieve good results in the competition every year, colleges and universities are actively preparing for training. Network technology security application, as a professional technology course of computer network in Colleges and universities, whether from the perspective of competition or from the professional positions students will be engaged in the future. Designing this course is very important for students to participate in competitions and work in professional posts. This paper analyzes the characteristic of this course from the perspective of students future professional work, puts forward the scene teaching concept based on the network red blue confrontation with the aim of improving students’ professional skills and stimulating students’ interest in learning. Constructs the course module according to students’ cognitive law, designs the teaching mode of the network red blue confrontation from the reality, and calculates for colleges and universities, provide reference for the reform of machine course.

Oxidation of nitrogen-rich aromatic heterocycles has a significant impact on the development of energetic materials. 2,4,6-Triamino-1,3,5-triazine-1,3-dioxide (MDO) is a promising insensitive energetic backbone obtained from melamine under strong oxidation conditions with impressive thermal behaviors and detonation performances. In this paper, MDO was prepared with improved yields of 85% and its thermal behavior, non-isothermal decomposition kinetics and gas products were investigated in detail. The corresponding decomposition mechanism was also deduced by applying the TG-DSC-FTIR-MS technique for the first time. The decomposition temperature of MDO reaches 300 °C and the apparent activation energy of MDO (E) calculated by the Kissinger and Ozawa method proved to be 303.63 and 279.95 kJ mol−1, indicating great thermal stability. Three new monoanionic energetic salts with impressively improved properties were achieved based on the basicity of MDO with yields of >80%. Their thermal decomposition temperatures proved to be higher than 230 °C and their densities are in the range of 1.75–1.89 g cm−3. The calculations and experiments show that their detonation velocities (vD: 8711–9085 m s−1) are comparable to or exceed those of RDX (D: 8795 m s−1) while the sensitivities to impact (IS: 23–27 J) and friction (FS: >240 J) are much lower.

The cellular protein quality control (PQC) system ensures the intracellular misfolded/unfolded proteins to be detected and eliminated. ER-associated degradation (ERAD) and unfolded protein response (UPR) are the key mechanisms of PQC, which maintain protein homeostasis and ensure cell survival. Here, we show that after internalization by human epithelial cells, gold (Au) nanoparticles (NPs) localized in endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and induced an accumulation of misfolded/unfolded proteins. Au NPs activated UPR, but suppressed ERAD shown by a reduced degradation rate of the ERAD marker CD3-δ-YFP, which triggered ER stress through IRE1-XBP1-Chaperones and PERK-eIF2α-ATF4-CHOP pathways. The Au NP-dependent ER stress consequently induced the intracellular accumulation of ROS, and caused cell apoptosis/death, concomitant to production/release of inflammatory cytokines and chemokines. This study for the first time shows that NPs can interfere with the cellular PQC system by impairing ERAD activity, which in turn initiates a cascade of events leading to cell death and inflammation.

As one kind of solid waste produced during steel smelting, steel slag can be used as aggregates to produce pervious concrete. This paper focused on the effect of binder-to-aggregate ratio and different binders on the properties and microstructure of pervious concrete made with steel slag as aggregates. The results show that increasing binder-to-aggregate ratio improves the mechanical properties, but decreases the connected porosity and water permeability coefficient. Compared with those of the reference pervious concrete with only Portland cement as the binder, the compressive strengths of pervious concretes incorporating different binders with ground blast furnace slag, fly ash and/or silica fume to partially replace Portland cement are lower, and the connected porosities are much higher. Different binders assume little impact on the hydration, but can optimize the interface transition zone of pervious concrete. Meanwhile, the connected porosity plays the key role in the properties of pervious concrete. Besides, pervious concretes with steel slag and different binders can assume good comprehensive properties.

Seed oil content (SOC) is a highly important and complex trait in oil crops. Here, we decipher the genetic basis of natural variation in SOC of Brassica napus by genome- and transcriptome-wide association studies using 505 inbred lines. We mapped reliable quantitative trait loci (QTLs) that control SOC in eight environments, evaluated the effect of each QTL on SOC, and analyzed selection in QTL regions during breeding. Six-hundred and ninety-two genes and four gene modules significantly associated with SOC were identified by analyzing population transcriptomes from seeds. A gene prioritization framework, POCKET (prioritizing the candidate genes by incorporating information on knowledge-based gene sets, effects of variants, genome-wide association studies, and transcriptome-wide association studies), was implemented to determine the causal genes in the QTL regions based on multi-omic datasets. A pair of homologous genes, BnPMT6s, in two QTLs were identified and experimentally demonstrated to negatively regulate SOC. This study provides rich genetic resources for improving SOC and valuable insights toward understanding the complex machinery that directs oil accumulation in the seeds of B. napus and other oil crops. Accepted version

This paper proposes a paralleled particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm based on MapReduce and graph computing mechanisms for real time Volt/Var optimization (VVO) application on large power distribution systems. As a nonlinear mixed integer programming problem, VVO is usually solved by artificial intelligent algorithms such as PSO. However, the PSO algorithm will suffer large computational burden when dealing with large systems. To achieve efficient solution for the VVO problem, the authors develop a paralleled PSO algorithm which can improve the computing speed dramatically. Moreover, this paper also proposes graph data model (GDM) for power distribution systems and apply graph computing to achieve fast power flow analysis for VVO application. The effectiveness of the proposed approach for VVO application has been validated on the IEEE 123 node test feeder considering unbalanced loading and line configurations. The computational efficiency of the proposed approach is also validated on various sizes of distribution systems.

In this paper, the effect of HPMC (hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose ether) on the cement mortar water retention (WR) and composition was studied. The relationship between the plastic viscosity and water retention of cement mortar was revealed. The results showed that HPMC formed a colloidal film with a 3D network structure in water, which changed the ability of water to migrate. The HPMC colloid adsorbed on the surface of cement and sand particles and played a bridging role due to the influence of the spatial network structure of the thin film. Fine particles formed a grid-like distribution, and the hydration products formed a unique fibrous tree-like structure. A positive correlation was observed between the plastic viscosity and the water holding capacity of cement mortar. Finally, the mechanism responsible for the improved water retention of cement mortar by HPMC was analyzed using the changing water migration capacity, migration channels, and mortar cohesion.

ZF [2015] No. 9 document issued by Chinese government indicates that the target market model in China in a new round of reform of the power system include centralized and decentralized market models. How to achieve the target model in a top-level design is an important issue in the construction of electricity market in China. Firstly, the differences and the similarities of these two models are analyzed based on foreign mainstream market models from four aspects: market decision making methods, market pricing methods, unit portfolios and auxiliary service transactions. Secondly, current situation of reform of electricity market in China is introduced. Based on grid structure and power supply structure in China, benefits of centralized market model in safe operation of grid, optimal allocation of resources and connection with existing dispatching system are analyzed; it is indicated that the proper Chinese electricity market model in the future is "centralized spot market + medium-term and long-term difference contract" model. The development of Chinese electricity spot market is forecast in three stages. Finally, the key technology demands in the construction of Chinese electricity market in the future are abstracted.

Adhesion to the intestinal mucosa is the prerequisite for bifidobacteria to colonize and exert biological functions, whereas the choice of carbon source affects the ability of bifidobacteria to adhere to and interact with intestinal epithelial cells. However, knowledge about the relationship between human milk oligosaccharide consumption by bifidobacteria and its adhesion is still limited. In this study, we aim to investigate the effect of 2'-fucosyllactose (2'-FL) as the carbon source on the growth and adhesion properties of Bifidobacterium bifidum DNG6, and make comparisons with galactooligosaccharides and glucose. We found that the growth and adhesion properties of B. bifidum DNG6 grown in different carbon sources were varied. The 2'-FL as a carbon source improves the adhesion ability of B. bifidum DNG6. The expression of adhesion-associated genes was significantly higher in B. bifidum DNG6 grown in 2'-FL after incubation with Caco-2 cells compared with that in galactooligosaccharides and glucose. Our results indicated that 2'-FL may promote B. bifidum DNG6 adhesion to Caco-2 cells through high expression of genes encoding adhesion proteins. The findings of this study contribute to a better understanding of the involvement of human milk oligosaccharides in the adhesion of bifidobacteria and further support the potential application of 2'-FL as a prebiotic in infant nutritional supplements.

In the quest for efficient and recyclable heterogeneous catalysts for Sonogashira coupling reactions, a PEG-OMe (Methoxy Polyene Glycol) - mediated method was developed to immobilize Pd/Cu bimetallic nanoparticles on activated carbon (AC). Catalytic experiments showed that Pd/Cu@AC prepared in a PEG-OMe 500 had the highest activity. The morphology and composition of the catalyst were determined, and the identified crystallized and heterometallic nanoparticles of Pd/Cu were essential for an efficient catalytic cycle. The Pd/Cu@AC catalyst was successfully used in Sonogashira reactions (21 examples) including with aryl bromides as the coupling partner in EtOH at 80–100 °C. The catalyst was recycled at least nine times.

1,1-diamino-2,2-dinitroethene (FOX-7) an insensitive high-energetic compound, has rarely been reported previously with respect to combustion performance. In order to quickly apply it to propellants, the thermal decomposition behaviors of FOX-7 should be optimized. Metal complexes of nano-graphene oxide have an obvious effect on the thermal decomposition of energy materials. In this paper, the metal (Cu2+ and Fe3+) complexes of nano-graphene oxide (nGO) have been synthesized using nGO as a ligand and metal ions as a coordination center. They were mixed with FOX-7 as additives to form energetic composites, and the chemical bond distributions and thermal decomposition processes of these composites have been investigated. The results show that Cu2+ and Fe3+ are uniformly distributed on the surface of the nGO. The thermal decomposition processes of nGO-metal-FOX-7 composites have been fully characterized by Differential scanning calorimeter (DSC) and Thermal gravimetric analyzer-Differential scanning calorimeter-Infrared spectroscopy-Mass spectrum (TG-DSC-IR-MS) coupling technology. The results show that the Fe3+ based complex affect the decomposition of FOX-7 than the Cu2+ based one with the initial decomposition temperature of 230 &deg, C and the apparent heat release of 3535.6 J&middot, g&minus, 1. Moreover, the addition of nGO-metal complexes could promote the formation of nitrogen during the decomposition of FOX-7, indicating a more complete decomposition.