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The world has changed considerably after the latest technological revolutions, such the genomic and fourth industrial ones. This has been paralleled by an increasing awareness of the importance of transformations in the sphere of higher education. The ongoing changes, as well as the conditions for further development and the specific tasks faced by the Kazan Federal University are discussed in the brief communication. Special attention has been paid to the major trends in the development of today's medicine, translational medicine in particular.

The relevance of this work is in development of mathematical model, which shows the advantage of frequency control of engines of pumps over throttle control. The object of study is boiler station of manufacturing plant. The aim of research is to compare two modes of engines of pumps: throttle control and frequency control, evaluation of energy-saving potential and calculation payback period of frequency controllers. The model was developed in MATLAB Simulink medium. The model was created on the basis of boiler station data. The boiler room includes nine types of pumps. These engines of pumps differ from each other in the manner of work. The monthly average outside temperature is an input parameter of a mathematical model. Temperature of water in supply line and value of pressure vary depending on the outside temperature. Working characteristics of pumps and engines are set with polynomials for throttle and frequency regimes of control. Logic blocks were created to regulate work of pumps depending on monthly average outside temperature. Modeling is prediction of electrical consumption by electrical consumers of boiler station. Time of modelling is 5 year. The modelling process is based on monthly average outside temperature during 5 past years Averaging of experiments results showed energy-saving potential 11% and effective values of payback times for all frequency controllers.

Inorganic systems based upon polyoxometalate (POM) clusters provide an experimental approach to develop artificial life. These artificial symmetric anionic macromolecules with oxidometalate polyhedra as building blocks were shown to be well suited as inorganic frameworks for complex self-assembling and organizing systems with emergent properties. Analogously to mineral cells based on iron sulfides, POMs are considered as inorganic cells in facilitating prelife chemical processes and displaying “life-like” characteristics. However, the relevance of POMs to life-sustaining processes (e.g., microbial respiration) has not yet been addressed, while iron sulfides are very well known as ubiquitous mineral precursors and energy sources for chemolithotrophic metabolism. Metallosphaera sedula is an extreme metallophilic and thermoacidophilic archaeon, which flourishes in hot acid and respires by metal oxidation. In the present study we provide our observations on M. sedula cultivated on tungsten polyoxometalate (W-POM). The decomposition of W-POM macromolecular clusters and the appearance of low molecular weight W species (e.g., WO) in the presence of M. sedula have been detected by electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS) analysis. Here, we document the presence of metalloorganic assemblages at the interface between M. sedula and W-POM resolved down to the nanometer scale using scanning and transmission electron microscopy (SEM and TEM) coupled to electron energy loss spectroscopy (EELS). High-resolution TEM (HR-TEM) and selected-area electron diffraction (SAED) patterns indicated the deposition of redox heterogeneous tungsten species on the S-layer of M. sedula along with the accumulation of intracellular tungsten-bearing nanoparticles, i.e., clusters of tungsten atoms. These results reveal the effectiveness of the analytical spectroscopy coupled to the wet chemistry approach as a tool in the analysis of metal–microbial interactions and microbial cultivation on supramolecular self-assemblages based on inorganic metal clusters. We discuss the possible mechanism of W-POM decomposition by M. sedula in light of unique electrochemical properties of POMs. The findings presented herein highlight unique metallophilicity in hostile environments, extending our knowledge of the relevance of POMs to life-sustaining processes, understanding of the transition of POMs as inorganic prebiotic model to life-sustainable material precursors and revealing biogenic signatures obtained after the decomposition of an artificial inorganic compound, which previously was not associated with any living matter.

The research material which was gathered shows the influence of a century course of temperatures on the Earth surface on thermal history of deep shipped oil source deposits, on implementation of their generative potential. The purpose of the research is to summarize the known data on Mesozoic and Cainozoic climate of south-east part of Western Siberia and to assess the influence of a century course of temperatures on terrestrial surface on geothermal modes, the extent of implementation of petrogenerative potential of Bazhenov suite. The "local" century course of temperatures of terrestrial surface for the southern climatic zone of Western Siberia is constructed on the basis of the analytical report of Late Quarternary paleoclimatic reconstruction by A.A. Sharbotyan (1974), the reconstructions of climatic conditions of the Mesozoic by N.A. Yasmanov (1985), the reconstructions of paleoclimates in Siberia in Cretaceous and Paleogene periods by A.V. Golbert (1977), history of climate of Western Siberia according to V.A. Zubakov (1990) and average annual temperatures in the Paleogene and Neogene of Western Siberia established by V.S. Volkova (2011). Paleoclimate influence on thermal history of maternal deposits was assessed based on verification of results of paleotemperature modeling of a sedimentary section in a deep well which has opened Bazhenov suite on the Pudinsky meso-uplift. It was ascertained that reconstruction of thermal history of the Bazhenov deposits without taking into account paleoclimate won't be coordinated with the data of vitrinite reflective ability and oil-and-gas content of a section. Using the terrestrial surface when reconstructing the "local" century course of temperatures specifies significantly a density indicator of the expected oil resources. The "local" century course is recommended to be considered when assessing the hydrocarbon resources by volume and genetic method in Tomsk, Novosibirsk and Omsk areas.

The need to create favorable conditions in schools to support gifted and talented students is due to the social order and humanistic paradigm of modern education. This article deals with the problem of developing personal qualities of students in the framework of pedagogical support for students with signs of giftedness in the modern school. The article reveals the results of the study of personal development of students accompanied by teachers in the process of designing and implementing individual educational routes at the main stage of general education. The leading method of studying this problem is the analysis of the results of the survey of teachers and schoolchildren in order to determine changes in the manifestation and development of personal qualities of students with signs of giftedness, accompanied by teachers, in the process of implementing their individual educational path using the model of the educational route developed by the authors of the article. The summary of the research presented in the article is the development and testing the structural-functional model of individual educational route for students with signs of giftedness, the use of which contributes to the manifestation and development of personal qualities of students required for the development of their potential and achieving educational outcomes. The materials of the article are of practical value for teachers when planning individual work at school.

The foundations of efficient production are laid at the stage of developing a high-tech product. The object of research is wild berries (lingonberry, honeysuckle, viburnum, cranberry, cloudberry, sea buckthorn, mountain ash, aronia), which are used as a source of a natural complex of biologically active substances and trace elements as the main substance of a new parapharmaceutical. The primary technological task of food engineering of paramarceuticals is the maximum extraction of biologically active substances of plant raw materials and their preservation in their native form during the warranty period of storage. Therefore, as the main criterion for changing the properties of raw materials during processing, we used the amount of change in the redox potential of the system. A set of methodological approaches has been developed to ensure the quality and safety of the new parapharmaceutical.

The article discusses the formation of a new approach to the statutory regulation of 3D printing, an uncommon object of civil matters. Creating a product with the help of such technology not only by an entrepreneur but also by any person, can in practice cause some issues in protecting all participants’ rights during the 3D printing process. 3D printing is regarded as a complex object, so its characteristics are determined. Additionally, possible ways of resolving legislative gaps are proposed, such as: defining the concept of the manufacturer, supplier, seller, and consumer of 3D printed products; developing their rights and responsibilities; establishing quality requirements for 3D printed elements; and adopting clear rules on liability and consumer protection. Due to the widespread use of digital technologies, Russian legislation requires a thorough reconsideration and early reform.

The antibacterial activity of 29 different polyoxometalates (POMs) against Moraxella catarrhalis was investigated by determination of the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC). The Preyssler type polyoxotungstate (POT) [NaP5W30O110]14− demonstrates the highest activity against M. catarrhalis (MIC = 1 μg/ml) among all tested POMs. Moreover, we show that the Dawson type based anions, [P2W18O62]6−, [(P2O7)Mo18O54]4−, [As2Mo18O62]6−, [H3P2W15V3O62]6−, and [AsW18O60]7− are selective on M. catarrhalis (MIC range of 2-8 μg/ml). Among the six tested Keggin type based POTs ([PW12O40]3−, [H2PCoW11O40]5−, [H2CoTiW11O40]6−, [SiW10O36]8−, [SbW9O33]9−, [AsW9O33]9−), only the mono-substituted [H2CoTiW11O40]6− showed MIC value comparable to those of the Dawson type group. Polyoxovanadates (POVs) and Anderson type POMs were inactive against M. catarrhalis within the tested concentration range (1-256 μg/ml). Four Dawson type POMs [P2W18O62]6−, [(P2O7)Mo18O54]4−, [As2Mo18O62]6−, [H3P2W15V3O62]6− and the Preyssler POT [NaP5W30O110]14− showed promising antibacterial activity against M. catarrhalis (MICs < 8 μg/ml) and were therefore tested against three additional bacteria, namely S. aureus, E. faecalis, and E. coli. The most potent antibacterial agent was [NaP5W30O110]14−, exhibiting the lowest MIC values of 16 μg/ml against S. aureus and 8 μg/ml against E. faecalis. The three most active compounds ([NaP5W30O110]14−, [P2W18O62]6−, and [H3P2W15V3O62]6−) show bacteriostatic effects in killing kinetics study against M. catarrhalis. We demonstrate, that POM activity is mainly depending on composition, shape, and size, but in the case of medium-size POTs (charge is more than −12 and number of addenda atoms is not being higher than 22) its activity correlates with the total net charge.

Background: The beginning of a new era of direct acting antivirals sets up its own rules, that is, to achieve the highest efficacy with the shortest duration of treatment. It is assumed that the use of the first generation of direct acting antivirals, similarly to interferon-free regimens, would allow for personalization of approaches to their prescriptions.Aim: To identify the most important parameters that can predict the greatest efficacy of triple antiviral therapy of 12 week duration in patients with chronic hepatitis C genotype 1.Materials and methods: The study included 204 patients with chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) genotype 1 at an early stage of liver disease (METAVIR score F0-F2), who were either treatment-naive or had a history of relapse after standard of care antiviral therapy. In addition to routine work-up, all patients were screened for IL28B polymorphism; in the course of the treatment viral kinetics was assessed by an ultrasensitive polymerase chain reaction (PCR) (with lower limit of quantification of 12 IU/ml). Duration of the triple therapy (pegylated interferon-α2a, ribavirin and telaprevir) was reduced to 12 weeks if a rapid virological response was achieved; otherwise the patients continued their treatment in according with guidelines. Results: A complete rapid virological response was achieved in 174 patients (81.6%), in whom the duration of triple therapy was 12 weeks. According to the protocol, 25 patients with a partial rapid virological response continued their standard antiviral therapy for 12 weeks more. In those who achieved a rapid virological response, there was an association between IL28B-CC genotype at rs12979860 and maintenance of zero viremia at 12 weeks after termination of antiviral therapy (r = 0.38, p < 0.001). In all such patients there was a stable virological response at 12 weeks of the follow-up. Monitoring of viral load after 14 days of antiviral treatment was not predictive of its success. The preliminary results of a shortened (12 week) course of triple telaprevir-based viral therapy allowed to identify the most significant parameters of 100% efficacy, i.e., absence of the virus in blood at 12 weeks after termination of antiviral therapy. Conclusion: A 12 week course of triple telaprevir-based combination therapy is an optimal regimen for achievement of a stable virological response after 12 weeks of the follow-up in treatment-naïve patients with HCV genotype 1 or with a relapse after previous conventional antiviral treatment, who have IL28B – CC polymorphism, are at an early stage of liver disease and who achieve a rapid complete virological response confirmed by a highly sensitive PCR.