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Suppressor of Ty 16 (Spt16) is a component of the facilitates chromatin transcription (FACT) complex, which is a histone chaperone and involved in gene transcription, DNA replication, and DNA repair. Previous studies showed that FACT is highly expressed in cancer, and cancer cells are more reliant on FACT than normal cells. However, the relationship between Spt16 and lung cancer remains unclear. In this study, we explored the functions of Spt16 in lung cancer cells. The effects of Spt16 on lung cancer cell proliferation, cell cycle progression, apoptosis, migration, and invasion were examined. We found that knockdown of Spt16 led to obvious decreases of both Rb and MCM7, and further activated the DNA damage response (DDR) pathway. In addition, a novel micro‐RNA, miR‐1227‐5p, directly targeted the 3′‐UTR of Spt16 and regulated the mRNA levels of Spt16. Furthermore, we found that CBL0137, the functional inhibitor of FACT, showed similar effects as loss of Spt16. Together, our data indicated that Spt16 is likely to be an essential regulator for lung cancer malignancy and is negatively regulated by miR‐1227‐5p., In this study, we examined the functions of suppressor of Ty 16 (Spt16) in lung cancer cells. We showed that Spt16 is upregulated in lung cancers and is correlated with the poor prognosis of lung cancer patients. Knockdown of Spt16 in lung cancer cells inhibited the proliferation and metastasis of lung cancer cells both in vitro and in vivo. We also determined a novel mechanism for the regulation of Spt16 expression by miRNA‐1227‐5p.

Tumor-promoting inflammation is a hallmark of cancer and is highly associated with tumor progression, angiogenesis, and metastasis. Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) are major drivers of tumor-promoting inflammation, but due to the complexity of the tumor microenvironment, the detailed regulatory mechanisms are still under investigation. Here, we investigated a novel role for transglutaminase 2 (TGM2) in the development of tumor-promoting inflammation and recruitment of TAMs to gastric cancer (GC) tissues. When estimated by array comparative genomic hybridization and droplet digital PCR, the copy numbers of the TGM2 gene were amplified in 13.6% (14/103) of GC patients and positively associated with TGM2 expression. Gene set enrichment analysis of expression microarray data for GC samples with high or low TGM2 expression showed that increased TGM2 expression was associated with tumor-promoting inflammation in GC. In addition, the expression of TGM2 was correlated with the expression of markers for macrophages, neutrophils, blood vessels, and lymphatic vessels. Overexpression of TGM2 in GC cells augmented the IL-1β-induced secretion of macrophage-recruiting chemokines and NF-κB activation. TGM2 protein levels were associated with the expression levels of the macrophage marker CD163 in human GC tissue samples. Moreover, GC patients with high expression of TGM2 had a worse prognosis than those with low expression of TGM2. These results suggest TGM2 as a novel regulator of the tumor microenvironment of GC and provide a promising target for constraining tumor-promoting inflammation., Stomach cancer: Enzyme promotes problematic inflammation An enzyme linked to harmful inflammation that promotes tumor growth could be a target for stomach cancer treatment. The expression of the enzyme transglutaminase 2 (TGM2) has been shown to increase in several types of cancer, but its precise role has been unclear. Sung-Yup Cho at Seoul National University College of Medicine, Korea and co-workers measured copy numbers and expression levels of TGM2 in gastric cancer cell lines and in tissue samples from patients undergoing gastrectomy. They found that higher levels of TGM2 were closely associated with increases in various genes that promote the recruitment and activity of tumor-associated macrophages, malfunctioning white blood cells that drive tumor-promoting inflammation. In addition, stomach cancer patients with higher expression of TGM2 had poorer prognoses, indicating the potential therapeutic value of targeting this enzyme.

Atractylodes macrocephalon polysaccharides of alleviating weightlessness-induced bone loss (WIBL) are rarely reported. In this study, a neutral polysaccharide fragment named AMP1-1 was isolated and purified. Monosaccharide composition and gel permeation chromatography analysis indicated that AMP1-1 was composed of glucose and fructose with molecular weight of 1.433 kDa. Based on data of gas chromatography-mass spectrometer (GCMS), a linear backbone consisted of α-d-Glcp-(1→ and →1)-β-d-Fruf-2→ was discovered. Combining results from nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), the inulin-type fructan AMP1-1 was identified as α-d-Glcp-1→(2-β-d-Fruf-1)

To evaluate the efficacy and safety of endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) in the treatment of patients with symptomatic pancreas divisum (PD) and to discuss the possible risk factors of endoscopic reintervention for symptomatic PD. A total of 50 patients with symptomatic PD who underwent ERCP from January 2010 to December 2019 were finally brought into study. All patients were divided into the nonage and the adult group according to their ages. Meanwhile, all patients were also divided into the intervention and the reintervention group according to times of ERCP. The long-term outcome of each patient was collected during the follow-up by phone call. The total success rate of ERCP was 94.7% (89/93), and the effective rate of first ERCP was 58% (29/50). There were no statistical differences on the outcomes of ERCP treatment between the adult and nonage group. There were 17 patients with complete pancreas divisum and 19 patients with chronic pancreatitis in the reintervention group, which were more than 6 patients and 8 patients in the intervention group ( P < 0.05 ). In bivariate regression analysis, chronic pancreatitis and complete pancreas divisum might be significant risk factors for endoscopic reintervention for patients with symptomatic PD (OR, 8.010, 95% CI, 1.483–43.276, P = 0.016 ; OR, 8.869, 95% CI, 1.450–54.254, P = 0.018 , respectively). ERCP in treating adult and nonage patients with symptomatic PD are effective and safe. But, many patients may need endoscopic reintervention. Complete pancreas divisum and chronic pancreatitis may be risk factors of ERCP reintervention for patients with symptomatic PD.

This study introduces the design principle of a high-frequency square wave power supply, as well as the simulation and design process of a minimally invasive electrosurgical scalpel, which formed the low temperature plasma in saline solution. In order to verify the performance of the device, saline discharge experiments and pork ablation experiments were performed. An alternating high-frequency square-wave voltage was applied between coaxial double-layer electrodes with a spacing of 400 µm. The waveforms and amplitude of output voltage and current, conductance between electrodes, and output power were measured in saline discharge experiments. The results of pork ablation experiments with different power sources demonstrate that the device can generate low-temperature plasma for ablation rather than relying on thermal effects. The device can ablate pork under the driving of a 10 V, 100 kHz square wave voltage. In addition, the ablation speed and area will be greater with an increase in voltage or frequency.

Characterizing the mechanical properties of different anatomical quadrants of bones has been conducted in the literature to help understand the correlations among bone morphometric, densitometric, and material properties. However, although there are data to compare four quadrants of the long bones of the adult, there is very limited research on the young adult especially young female. Hence, nine tibia mid-shaft specimens were harvested from nine 8-week-old C57BL/6J female mice, which roughly correspond to the age range of juvenile to young adult, with one left tibia being harvested from one animal. A total of 144 indentation tests were performed with four indentations per quadrant and each of nine tibia specimens being divided into four quadrants. The Oliver and Pharr methods were used to calculate the indentation modulus and hardness. One-way ANOVA and the Kruskal-Wallis nonparametric test were used to study the influence of different anatomical quadrants on the indentation modulus and hardness. The results showed that the indentation modulus of the 8-week-old mouse tibia shaft was 18.94 ± 0.91 GPa, and the hardness was 0.51 ± 0.02 GPa. The influence of circumferential anatomical quadrants on the tibial shaft indentation modulus (p = 0.398) and hardness (p = 0.895) was not statistically significant. These methods and results could potentially help study treatments for young female long bones by comprehensively understanding the effect of treatments on four quadrants, considering collagen fiber, the degree of mineralization, and the changes of collagen cross-linking through high-resolution nanoindentation.

Objective To investigate the digestive disease spectrum of Chinese army servicemen during a field training on the midland and to analyze risk factors of diseases in order to discuss the relative prevention and treatment strategies. Methods Seven troops during a field training on the midland of China were randomly selected by using stratified cluster random sampling methods,all soldiers in that received a questionnaire survey,and then we collected all questionnaires and summarized the soldiers’ digestive system disease spectrum, and discussed risk factors for diseases. Results 3055 valid questionnaires were finally collected,896 soldiers had digestive symptoms, and of all symptoms diarrhea was the most common,whose ratio was 29.3%; 507 soldiers suffered from digestive system diseases, including gastritis,enteritis,digestive ulcer,functional bowel disease, which were more common.By the logistic regression analysis, length of military service time,identity of army officer,length of a field training time,training pressure,chilled abdomen,and defiled food were possible risk factors for digestive diseases.Conclusions During a field training,a healthy and regular diet, the thermal outfit,appropriate decompression of negative emotions and reasonable training time may effectively decrease the risk of digestive diseases, so that to reduce attrition.

Objective To investigate the digestive disease spectrum of Chinese army servicemen during a field training on the midland and to analyze risk factors of diseases in order to discuss the relative prevention and treatment strategies.Methods Seven troops during a field training on the midland of China were randomly selected by using stratified cluster random sampling methods, all soldiers in that received a questionnaire survey, and then we collected all questionnaires and summarized the soldiers’ digestive system disease spectrum, and discussed risk factors for diseases.Results 3055 valid questionnaires were finally collected,896 soldiers had digestive symptoms, and of all symptoms diarrhea was the most common,whose ratio was 29.3%; 507 soldiers suffered from digestive system diseases, including gastritis, enteritis,digestive ulcer, functional bowel disease, which were more common. By the logistic regression analysis, length of military service time, identity of army officer,length of a field training time,training pressure, chilled abdomen, and defiled food were possible risk factors for digestive diseases.Conclusions During a field training, a healthy and regular diet, the thermal outfit, appropriate decompression of negative emotions and reasonable training time may effectively decrease the risk of digestive diseases, so that to reduce attrition.

IntroductionTo explore the relationship between the tertiary lymphoid structures (TLSs) and tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs), and their distribution characteristics as well as the prognostic value in gastric cancer (GC).Material and methodsThe TLSs and four subtypes of TILs were assessed by immunohistochemistry (IHC) staining. The presence of MECA-79 positive high endothelial venules (HEVs) identified among the ectopic lymphocyte aggregation area in the GC tissue was defined as a valid TLSs.The number of labeled TILs were observed in 5 fields of the most positive cells in tumor center, invasive edge and within the TLSs, respectively, at a field of vision×40.ResultsThe TLSs distributed significantly higher in the tumor invasive edge than the tumor center (P ConclusionsThe formation of TLSs predicts an advantageous immune system function and can be considered as a novel biomarker to stratify the overall survival risk of untreated GC patients and as a marker of efficient immunotherapies.

Objectives: Most patients with gallbladder cancer (GBC) present with advanced-stage disease and have a poor prognosis. Radical resection remains the only therapeutic option to improve survival in patients with GBC. This study aimed to analyze the prognostic factors in patients with stage ⅣGBC and to identify a subgroup of patients who might benefit from R0 resection. Methods: A total of 285 patients with stage ⅣGBC were retrospectively analyzed at our institution from January 2008 to December 2012. Factors potentially influencing the prognosis of GBC after surgery were analyzed by univariate and multivariate analyses. Results: The 1-, 3-, and 5-year overall survival rates were 6.6% (15/229), 0.9% (2/229), and 0 (0/229), respectively. Ascites (relative risk [RR] ＝ 1.631, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.221-2.180, P ＝ 0.001), pathological grade (RR ＝ 1.337, 95% CI: 1.050-1.702, P ＝0.018), T stage (RR ＝1.421, 95% CI: 1.099-1.837, P ＝0.000), M stage (RR ＝1.896, 95% CI: 1.409-2.552, P ＝ 0.000), and surgery (RR ＝ 1.542, 95% CI: 1.022-2.327, P ＝ 0.039) were identified as independent risk factors influencing prognosis. The median survival time (MST) was significantly higher in patients undergoing R0 resection than in those undergoing R1/R2 resection (6.0 vs. 2.7 months; P < 0.001). In subgroup analyses, stage IVA patients benefited from R0 resection (MST for R0 vs. R1/R2, 11.0 vs. 4.0 months; P ＝ 0.003), while R0 resection had a significant survival benefit than R1/R2 resection in patient with stage IVB GBC without distant metastasis (MST for R0 vs. R1/R2, 6.0 vs. 3.0 months; P ＝ 0.007). Conclusion: Ascites, pathological grade, T stage, M stage, and surgery were independent risk factors influencing prognosis in patients with stage ⅣGBC. N2 lymph node metastasis did not preclude curative resection, and radical resection should be considered in patients with stage ⅣGBC without distant metastasis once R0 margin was achieved. Key words: Gallbladder cancer; Surgery; Prognosis; Tumor-node-metastasis (TNM) stage

The harmful trace elements will be released during coal utilization, which can cause environment pollution and further endangering human health, especially for heavy metal elements. Compared to combustion, the release of heavy metal elements during coal pyrolysis process, as a critical initial reaction stage of combustion, has not received sufficient attention. In the present paper, a low rank coal, from Xinjiang province in China, was pyrolyzed in a fixed bed reactor from room temperature, at atmospheric pressure, with the heating rate of 10 °C/min, and the final pyrolysis temperature was from 400 to 800 °C with the interval of 100 °C. The volatility of heavy metal elements (including As, Hg, Cd and Pb) during pyrolysis process was investigated. The results showed the volatility of all heavy metal elements increased obviously with increasing temperature, and followed the sequence as Hg > Cd > As > Pb, which was mainly caused by their thermodynamic property and occurrence modes in coal. The occurrence modes of heavy metals were studied by sink-and-float test and sequential chemical extraction procedure, and it can be found that the heavy metal elements were mainly in the organic and residual states (clay minerals) in the raw coal. And most of the organic heavy metals escaped during the pyrolysis process, the remaining elements were mainly in the residual state, and the elements in Fe–Mn state also tended to remain in the char.

The aim of this study is to design a novel, high-efficiency and low-cost Bilateral Pretensioner (BLP) and evaluate it using a computational approach, i.e. coupling of FEA and multibody dynamics. Th...

Background: The clinicopathological impacts of c-Met overexpression in bladder cancer have been investigated in several studies with conflicting results. We performed this systematic review and meta-analysis to assess the pathologic and prognostic roles of c-Met status in bladder cancer patients. Methods: Eligible studies were searched and identified from the PubMed and China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) databases (up until October 4, 2018). The DerSimonian-Laird random-effects model was used to calculate the pooled risk estimates. Results: Eight studies including 1,336 bladder cancer cases were eventually included in this meta-analysis. We detected a significantly increased risk of poor overall survival (OS) associated with the high expression of c-Met (HR=2.42, 95% CI 1.36-4.32). There was no association between c-Met status and nuclear grade (OR=0.82, 95% CI 0.29-2.31) or tumor stage (OR=1.42, 95% CI 0.41-4.89). Conclusion: This study shows that the overexpression of c-Met in primary cancer tissues is associated with a worse OS in human bladder cancer. However, larger studies using standardized methods and criteria are warranted to verify these findings.

Metal-organic-frameworks (MOFs) have recently been an emerging self-templated precursor to derive various nanomaterials for Na-ion storage. However, synthesis of MOF-derived two-dimensional nanomaterials has been rarely explored. Here, Ni(NO3)2/hexamine coordination-frameworks are employed as a precursor to prepare NiTe2/nitrogen-doped graphitic carbon nanosheets (NiTe2@NCNs) via pyrolysis and subsequent tellurization. Layered NiTe2 nanoparticles are uniformly anchored on the carbon nanosheets. As anode materials, NiTe2@NCNs exhibit ultrafast and long-life Na-ion storage performance. NiTe2@NCNs can deliver a reversible capacity of 289.5 mA h g−1 at 0.1 A g−1 and exhibit a negligible capacity fading with the increasing of current density from 0.1 to 10 A g−1. Even at 10 and 20 (ca. 70 C) A g−1, reversible capacities remain at 267.7 and 189.0 mA h g−1, respectively, and cyclic life can be up to 5000 cycles. Besides, NiTe2@NCNs exhibit minimal increasing of polarization from 0.1 to 5 A g−1. The superior electrochemical performance of NiTe2@NCNs should be attributed to the two-dimensional structure, N-doped graphitic carbon matrix and lager interlayer spacing of NiTe2, which contribute to enhance kinetics of electron and Na-ion transfer so as to result in a capacitive-controlled Na-ion storage process. Therefore, NiTe2@NCNs have a promising potential as anode materials for practical Na-ion storage applications.

The co-pyrolysis of coal and biomass is increasingly coming to the fore. For fuel conversion, the effects of artificially added minerals rather than that of inherent mineral minerals are studied in most of the works in the literature. In the present work, the co-pyrolysis behavior of a highly reactive brown coal and wheat straw are investigated up to 1100 °C using a thermogravimetric analyzer and high-temperature X-ray diffraction (HT-XRD). The two methods jointly reveal three different temperature regimes. A negative synergy effect (fewer volatiles) occurs in the cellulose decomposition zone (

Exploring new electrode materials with both high gravimetric and volumetric Na-ion storage performances is urgently desired but still faces significant challenges. In this work, a composite of layered Bi2Te3 nanoplates/graphene, which is denoted as Bi2Te3/G, was synthesized by a one-pot solvothermal method. Here, Bi2Te3 nanoplates with a large interlayer spacing of 1.02 nm were uniformly anchored on graphene with strong interfacial interaction. The obtained Bi2Te3/G composite exhibited high reversible gravimetric capacity of 416 mA h g−1 at 0.1 A g−1 and an excellent rate performance. Even at 5.0 A g−1, Bi2Te3/G still delivered a gravimetric capacity as high as 203 mA h g−1. Due to its high tap density of 1.56 g cm−3, Bi2Te3/G also delivered impressive volumetric capacities. The reversible volumetric capacity was as high as 648.9 mA h cm−3 at 0.1 A g−1. At 5 A g−1, Bi2Te3/G still retained volumetric capacity of 316.7 mA h cm−3. The excellent gravimetric and volumetric Na-ion storage performances of the Bi2Te3/G composite should be ascribed to the quintuple layer sandwich structure of Bi2Te3, the synergistic effect between Bi2Te3 and graphene, and its higher density. Accordingly, the Bi2Te3/G composite is expected to exhibit great application prospects as a promising anode candidate for smart sodium-ion batteries.

Surface processing with atmospheric pressure plasma jet (APPJ) is attracting attention from both academia and industry for its capability of flexible plasma release onto targets. It is significant to understand the characteristics and mechanism of interfacial phenomenon in plasma surface interaction. This paper reports the fundamental surface charging phenomenon on quartz dielectrics by a He APPJ excited by μs-width pulses with duty ratios from 0.5% to 75%. The targeted quartz plate is attached to an electro-optic crystal grounded in the back for charge measurement. The evolution of surface charges is detected with a reflective-type optical measurement platform based on Pockels effect and the fast charge inversion on 2D-FTA. Results show that ionization waves and quartz dielectric interaction generates a round positive charge deposition, whose lifetime greatly depends on the pulse widths. Under a fixed pulse width, higher voltage magnitudes encourage more charges with a higher deposition rate. An interesting polarity reversal of surface charging occurs when the pulse width increases to over half-cycle, with a reduced positive charge on pulse-on and more negative charges on pulse-off. Efforts are devoted to exploring the mechanisms of charge maintenance on pulse-on and the polarity reversal under longer pulses of several hundred microseconds. These results reveal that the unchanged charge density in dark channel is due to the much lower rate of charge decay compared with the fast ionization wave propagation. The abrupt decrease at the falling edge results from the charge neutralization in the negative conductive channel formed by the secondary discharge. By measuring the initial evolution during the foremost 1000 periods, we prove that the accumulative difference in dissipated charges between pulse-on and pulse-off periods is the main cause of the occurrence of polarity reversal under long pulses. This study provides a more compatible tool for in-depth insight into the charging process of plasma interacting with multiple dielectrics, and exhibits a potential strategy of regulating surface charging by adjusting pulse parameters, which are of interest to the plasma community.

Background: Cancers of unknown primary (CUP) are a type of metastatic cancer. However, their primary anatomical site of origin cannot be clinically determined using routine history inquiries, laboratory tests, endoscopy, and imaging. CUP account for ~3-5% of cancers. Empirical chemotherapy (paclitaxel, carboplatin, etc.) is generally used, although the curative effect is poor. Finding the primary site of origin for CUP patients is of great significance for clinical treatment. Method: Our study employed 10,001 pathological images and 9,775 gene detection data points based on whole-exome sequencing (WES) or YUANSU®(OrigiMed, Shanghai, China) for primary cancer within a database containing 32 common cancers. We applied machine learning algorithms (autoML, Transformers, attention) and constructed two diagnostic models. The models diagnosed by identifying pathological images (Model 1) and genomic data (Model 2). Accuracy for the two models was verified. Result: Both models were evaluated using top-k differential diagnosis accuracy, in other words how often the ground truth label was found for k highest confidence predictions for the model. The pathological model (Model 1) achieved a top-3 accuracy of 83.38% and a top-5 accuracy of 90.36%. Using the same methodology, genomic model (Model 2) results were 87.5% and 92.2%, respectively. Conclusion: Using deep learning, we developed diagnostic models for CUP based on pathological images and genomic data. Accuracy for both the pathological image model (Model 1) and the genomic data model (Model 2) was not satisfactory. To improve diagnostic accuracy, further studies on developing a diagnostic model that combines pathological imaging and genomic data are ongoing.. Citation Format: Yanan Wang, Guanjun Zhang, Xi Liu, Yanfeng Xi, Pan Wang, Yuman Zhang, Xing Li. Genomics and pathology based deep learning to predict cancers of unknown primary [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2022; 2022 Apr 8-13. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2022;82(12_Suppl):Abstract nr 5045.

The electron sheath is a particular electron-rich sheath with negative net charges where plasma potential is lower than the biased electrode. Here an improved understanding of electron sheath theory is provided using both fluid and kinetic approaches while elaborating on its implications for plasma-surface interaction. A fluid model is first proposed considering the electron presheath structure, avoiding the singularity in electron sheath Child-Langmuir law. The latter is proved to underestimate the sheath potential. Subsequently, the kinetic model of electron sheath is established, showing considerably different sheath profiles in respect to the fluid model due to the electron velocity distribution function and finite ion temperature. The model is then further generalized involving a more realistic truncated ion velocity distribution function. It is demonstrated that such distribution function yields a super-thermal electron sheath whose entering velocity at sheath edge is greater than that prescribed by the Bohm criterion, implying a potentially omitted calibration issue in the probe measurement. Furthermore, an attempt is made to incorporate the self-consistent presheath-sheath match within the kinetic framework, showing a necessary compromise between realistic sheath entrance and the inclusion of kinetic effects. In the end, the consequent secondary electron emission due to sheath-accelerated plasma electrons in electron sheath are analyzed, providing a sheath potential coupled with the plasma and wall properties.

Gas insulated switchgear (GIS) is a widely used apparatus in both middle voltage system and high voltage system. As for the defects diagnosis and condition monitoring of GIS, ultra-high frequency (UHF) detection is generally preferred. However, the conventional research on the diagnosis of partial discharge (PD) evolution is not precise enough. Thus the aim of this paper is to study the development process of the PD in various ways. An experimental platform is designed to complete both UHF and pulse current detection simultaneously, and typical artificial defects are prepared. Analysis of PD signals using the algorithm of Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN) has been carried out. An intensified Charge Coupled Device (ICCD) camera is also utilized in the whole system to capture the process of the discharge. The results show that it is effective in identifying the PDs of different types. Another thing observably is that whatever type of defects, the main frequency of the UHF signals is a constant which equals to 250 MHz, but the intrinsic mechanism of it needs to be further studied.

The electric field distributions along gas–solid interfaces determine the reliability, lifetimes and sizes of gaseous insulated switchgears/pipelines (GIS/GIL), which also affect the reliability of power systems. In this paper, the characteristics of steady and transient electric field distributions were first introduced, followed by the concept of functionally graded materials (FGM). The development histories of FGM applied in electrical engineering and the related optimization methods were described in detail. The field regulation effect and fabrication technology of different FGM insulators were also compared. To overcome the limitations of traditional FGM insulators, the design of surface functional graded materials (SFGM) was proposed, together with their preparation methods and electrical performance. Furthermore, the future development prospects of FGM and SFGM insulators for compact GIS/GIL were summarized.

The dynamic behaviour of clay with different initial density was researched by a single-stage light gas gun. Soil samples with four initial density (1.7, 1.8, 1.9 and 2.0 g/cm3) were investigated in this study, the water content, graininess and raw material of which were the same. Four electromagnetic particle velocity gauges were embedded directly into each sample, which was compressed by clay powder. And the motions of shock wave were detected by these gauges. Typical waveforms of the particle velocity and the Hugoniot data of the experiments were presented. The dynamic stress-strain relation could be determined by the Lagrangian analysis method which was utilized to the four particle velocity waveforms. The results show that, the initial density was possibly the most important factor to affect the dynamic behaviour of soft clay soil under intense dynamic load compared with the water content.

Objective To analyze the clinical profile and prognosis of primary Fallopian tube cancer (PFTC) in order to improve earlier diagnosis. Methods In this retrospective study, 57 women with PFTC were assessed from 2006 to 2016. Pathology, clinical index, recurrence, and survival were analyzed. Results Mean age was 57.35 ± 9.01 years, and 73% (19/26) of the patients with early-stage PFTC (I/II) were aged less than 60 years. Of patients who presented with abnormal vaginal bleeding, 75% (9/12) were at an early stage and their condition was often misdiagnosed as endometrial carcinoma preoperatively. In patients with Stages I/II and Stages III/IV PFTC, 59.09% (13/22) and 96.43% (27/28), respectively, had adnexal masses on color Doppler ultrasonography. The 5-year overall survival (OS) and disease-free survival rates were 69.23% and 44.23%, respectively, and univariate analysis showed that tumor stage and residual tumor size significantly affected the two survival rates. Conclusion Primary Fallopian tube cancer is more likely to be misdiagnosed in patients aged less than 60 years or those presenting with vaginal bleeding at the premenopausal stage. Magnetic resonance imaging, cervical smear, and endometrial brush may be helpful for early PFTC diagnosis. Satisfactory cytoreductive surgery is critical because tumor stage and residual tumor size are significantly associated with the OS rate.

The bending fracture behaviors of long bone have gained great attention due to the high bending fracture risk during sports events, traffic accidents, and falling incidents, etc. For evaluating bone bending behaviors, most of the previous studies used an indenter in three point bending experiments while the effect of its rigidity was never considered. In this work, using the porcine long bones, the three point bending tests were conducted to explore the bone fracture behaviors under a rigid indenter. In addition to collecting the force applied, the bone fracture dynamic process was recorded by high-speed photography, and the fracture surface profile in mesoscale was observed by the scanning electron microscope (SEM). Based on CT scanning of long bones, the cross section properties of test specimens were calculated by a homemade matlab script for correlating with their failure strengths. Also, a subject-specific finite element (FE) model was developed to identify the outcomes induced by a rigid indenter on simulation. Findings led to conclusions as follows: (1) The tension fracture came with fracture path deflection, which was caused by the bone indentation induced mesoscale crack-opening. Due to this damage before the whole bone fracture, a bone fracture moment correction was established to compensate experimental data. (2) The plastic indentation caused the force fluctuation as suggested by correlation analysis. (3) The bone failure moment correlated with the inertial moment of the bone cross section at the fracture location higher than the traditional cross section area. (4) In the subject-specific simulation, the indentation caused compression fracture under a much lower failure force. Removing the element erosion on the indenter-contacted area only during the validation was verified as a good option to solve this issue.

Surface hydroxylation of crude Al

Background Shaanxi province, located in the upper Yellow River, has been evidenced as the geographic origin of Chinese civilization, Sino‐Tibetan‐speaking language, and foxtail or broomcorn millet farmers via the linguistic phylogenetic spectrum, archeological documents, and genetic evidence. Nowadays, Han Chinese is the dominant population in this area. The formation process of modern Shaanxi Han population reconstructed via the ancient DNA is on the way, however, the patterns of genetic relationships of modern Shaanxi Han, allele frequency distributions of high mutated short tandem repeats (STRs) and corresponding forensic parameters are remained to be explored. Methods Here, we successfully genotyped 23 autosomal STRs in 630 unrelated Shaanxi male Han individuals using the recently updated Huaxia Platinum PCR amplification system. Forensic allele frequency and parameters of all autosomal STRs were assessed. And comprehensive population genetic structure was explored via various typical statistical technologies. Results Population genetic analysis based on the raw‐genotype dataset among 15,803 Eurasian individuals and frequency datasets among 56 populations generally illustrated that linguistic stratification is significantly associated with the genetic substructure of the East Asian population. Principal component analysis, multidimensional scaling plots and phylogenetic tree further demonstrated that Shaanxi Han has a close genetic relationship with geographically close Shanxi Han, and showed that Han Chinese is a homogeneous population during the historic and recent admixture from the STR variations. Except for Sinitic‐speaking populations, Shaanxi Han harbored more alleles sharing with Tibeto‐Burman‐speaking populations than with other reference populations. Focused on the allele frequency correlation and forensic parameters, all loci are in accordance with the minimum requirements of HWE and LD. The observed combined probability of discrimination of 8.2201E‐28 and the cumulative power of exclusion of 0.9999999995 in Shaanxi Han demonstrated that the studied STR loci are informative and polymorphic, and this system can be used as a powerful routine forensic tool in personal identification and parentage testing. Conclusion Both the geographical and linguistic divisions have shaped the genetic structure of modern East Asian. And more forensic reference data should be obtained for ethnically, culturally, geographically and linguistically different populations for better routine forensic practice and population genetic studies., Population genetic analysis based on the raw‐genotype dataset among 15,803 Eurasian individuals and frequency dataset among 56 populations generally illustrated that linguistic stratification is significantly associated with the East Asian population genetic substructure. Principal component analysis, multidimensional scaling plots, and phylogenetic tree further demonstrated that Shaaxi Han has a close genetic relationship with geographically close Shanxi Han, and showed that Han Chinese is a homogeneous population during the historic and recent admixture. Except for Sinitic‐speaking populations, Shaanxi Han harbored more alleles sharing with Tibeto‐Burman‐speaking populations than with other reference populations.

PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to evaluate the prognostic value of Immunoscore in patients with stage III colon cancer (CC) and to analyze its association with the effect of chemotherapy on time to recurrence (TTR). METHODS An international study led by the Society for Immunotherapy of Cancer evaluated the predefined consensus Immunoscore in 763 patients with American Joint Committee on Cancer/Union for International Cancer Control TNM stage III CC from cohort 1 (Canada/United States) and cohort 2 (Europe/Asia). CD3+ and cytotoxic CD8+ T lymphocyte densities were quantified in the tumor and invasive margin by digital pathology. The primary end point was TTR. Secondary end points were overall survival (OS), disease-free survival (DFS), prognosis in microsatellite stable (MSS) status, and predictive value of efficacy of chemotherapy. RESULTS Patients with a high Immunoscore presented with the lowest risk of recurrence, in both cohorts. Recurrence-free rates at 3 years were 56.9% (95% CI, 50.3% to 64.4%), 65.9% (95% CI, 60.8% to 71.4%), and 76.4% (95% CI, 69.3% to 84.3%) in patients with low, intermediate, and high immunoscores, respectively (hazard ratio [HR; high v low], 0.48; 95% CI, 0.32 to 0.71; P = .0003). Patients with high Immunoscore showed significant association with prolonged TTR, OS, and DFS (all P < .001). In Cox multivariable analysis stratified by participating center, Immunoscore association with TTR was independent (HR [high v low], 0.41; 95% CI, 0.25 to 0.67; P = .0003) of patient’s sex, T stage, N stage, sidedness, and microsatellite instability status. Significant association of a high Immunoscore with prolonged TTR was also found among MSS patients (HR [high v low], 0.36; 95% CI, 0.21 to 0.62; P = .0003). Immunoscore had the strongest contribution χ2 proportion for influencing survival (TTR and OS). Chemotherapy was significantly associated with survival in the high-Immunoscore group for both low-risk (HR [chemotherapy v no chemotherapy], 0.42; 95% CI, 0.25 to 0.71; P = .0011) and high-risk (HR [chemotherapy v no chemotherapy], 0.5; 95% CI, 0.33 to 0.77; P = .0015) patients, in contrast to the low-Immunoscore group ( P > .12). CONCLUSION This study shows that a high Immunoscore significantly associated with prolonged survival in stage III CC. Our findings suggest that patients with a high Immunoscore will benefit the most from chemotherapy in terms of recurrence risk.

A series of novel 4α-triazole acetate podophyllotoxin derivatives were synthesized via click chemistry. In vitro cytotoxic activity evaluation showed that most of the derivatives exhibited potent inhibitory activities against the tested cancer cell lines with low nanomolar IC50 values. Further studies demonstrated that compound 31 exhibited broad-spectrum cytotoxic activities, effectively overcame drug-resistance, and showed relatively weak cytotoxicity on non-cancer cells. Preliminary mechanistic studies indicated that 31 might have action on microtubule, cause cell cycle arrest at G2 /M phase, and induce apoptosis in human PC-3 cancer cells.

The objective of this research was to study the physiological performance of young novice male drivers after they were administered different doses of alcohol. The physiological performance...