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The article presents a case study of grocery stores in Joinville, state of Santa Catarina, Brazil to discuss the importance of commercial heritage in the construction of social identity and collective memory. Subjects discussed include grocery stores as remnants of traditional marketplaces, the preservation of industrial heritage as cultural property, and a brief historical overview of industries in Brazil.

Copyright of Psicoperspectivas is the property of Pontificia Universidad Catolica de Valparaiso, Escuela de Psicologia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Psicoperspectivas is the property of Pontificia Universidad Catolica de Valparaiso, Escuela de Psicologia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The article discusses a research on the regional rivalry between the communities of Sahuayo and Jiquilpan in the state of Michoacán, Mexico, with a focus on social conflict as a key element in the construction of local identities. Subjects discussed include a brief overview of the conflict back to the presidency of Lázaro Cárdenas from 1934 to 1940, local rivalry as a modality of ethnocentrism, and religious celebrations, as well as political culture as sources of social representations.

The identity politics in the land distribution arrangement of the !Xun and Khwe were heavily dependent on the notion of one commonly shared community identity. However, this politically constructed identity does not match differences experienced on the ground. The !Xun and Khwe were resettled in 2004, moving from their ‘temporary’ settlement at an army base to a township near Kimberley. To date, they do not seem to resemble a coherent community pursuing the goal of ‘cooperative production’, deemed so important by land reform policies. This paper argues that forced togetherness of the past, collective identities ascribed by others and actively taken up by the !Xun and Khwe, and the socio-political context at the time of resettlement negotiations informed the delineation of community boundaries that preferred constructed unity over experienced diversity. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Sociology frequently presumes interest-oriented action but deconstructs interests. Here, we argue for more inquiry into the social conditions under which interest-oriented action is generated. We analyze how interest-oriented action is understood in classical sociology, rational choice theory, social exchange theory, and cultural sociology. These perspectives vary in the extent to which interests are an explanatory principle, how interests are considered, and how emergent social formations are explained. However, they share an implicit recognition that the question of when interest-oriented action emerges needs more attention. Rather than naturalizing interest-oriented action, or investigating how interests are constructed, the most productive direction for future sociological research on interests is to specify better when action oriented to interests becomes normative. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article focuses on the dynamics of nationhood and intercommunal relations in Bosnia-Herzegovina throughout the 1950s and 1960s. The author analyzes the relationship between nationalism and ethnicity among Muslims and Serbs in the country and explores how polarized group identities contributed to political violence during these decades. He discusses the ideology of the state-enforced "Brotherhood and Unity," examines the role of the League of Communists in community relations, and investigates the differences between ethnic conflict and national conflict.

The article discusses the role played by stereotypes in European reconciliation processes. The socially-constructed nature of stereotypes is emphasized, the role played by stereotypes in the dissemination of information is discussed, and emotional aspects of stereotypes are described. The role played by the perceived ability to reconcile in the establishment and perpetuation of stereotypes is examined, the centrality of group identity and collective memory to the proliferation of stereotypes is described.

Drawing on the 'affective turn' in the social sciences, this paper demonstrates the value of studying responses to death and loss in illuminating the role of the body and emotions in managing identities in contemporary societies. Looking across cultures at an experience that may threaten identity and continuity of being provides a broader, more complex and nuanced picture of social identity and participation in society. In focusing on societies with contrasting models of identity, it considers the implications of an emphasis on individualism in Britain and interdependency in Japan for rebuilding identity in each context. Drawing on qualitative interviews with British and Japanese mourners, the paper illustrates how continuing relationships with deceased loved ones were key to mourners' attempts to repair shattered identities. In particular, it examines the affective nature of post-mortem relationships and the way mourners managed these through situated 'affective practices'. In breaching the boundaries between the living and the dead, these practices revealed intersubjective, dynamic and shifting experiences of embodiment and identity that may be obscured by more dominant cultural scripts. As such, these practices raise ontological and epistemological questions about how mourning and social being are theorized. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study (N = 215) investigated the impact of group entitativity on ingroup favoritism in the allocation of negative outcomes. Three conditions of group entitativity were created by modifying the standard minimal group condition through the manipulation of proximity and common fate. Findings showed that increasing group entitativity enhanced intergroup discrimination, and pointed out the strong impact of common fate. Thus, this study adds to the evidence on the effects of group entitativity in the field of intergroup relations.This research was supported by a grant from the Italian Ministry of University and Research (PRIN 2007PJYAKF). [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Researchers taking a social constructionist perspective on identity agree that identities are constructed and negotiated in interaction. However, empirical studies in this field are often based on interviewer-interviewee interaction or focus on interactions with members of a socially dominant out-group. How identities are negotiated in interaction with in-group members remains understudied. In this article we use a narrative approach to study identity negotiation among Moroccan-Dutch young adults, who constitute both an ethnic and a religious (Muslim) minority in the Netherlands. Our analysis focuses on the topics that appear in focus group participants' stories and on participants' responses to each other's stories. We find that Moroccan-Dutch young adults collectively narrate their experiences in Dutch society in terms of discrimination and injustice. Firmly grounded in media discourse and popular wisdom, a collective narrative of a disadvantaged minority identity emerges. However, we also find that this identity is not uncontested. We use the concept of second stories to explain how participants negotiate their collective identity by alternating stories in which the collective experience of deprivation is reaffirmed with stories in which challenging or new evaluations of the collective experience are offered. In particular, participants narrate their personal experiences to challenge recurring evaluations of discrimination and injustice. A new collective narrative emerges from this work of joint storytelling. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

For the vast majority of contemporary Israelis, the Holocaust is an acquired memory. However, over the years its presence has not diminished but rather is on the rise. We describe how perceptions of the Holocaust have changed from 'what Israeliness is not' in the 1940s and 1950s to a core element in Israeli identity. Inspired by Bauer, we present four different and sometimes incompatible voices related to the Holocaust that greatly affect the Israeli society. They are: Never be a passive victim; never forsake your brothers; never be passive bystander; and never be a perpetrator. Experimental evidence related to these voices is also described. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Through a thick description of a gay squatting community in south London in the 1970s, this piece explores the ways in which local histories complicate broader accounts of gay life, politics, and culture. Such a focus alerts us to the impact of personal encounters, of local politics, and material circumstances, of coincident local communities, of jobs (or the lack of them), and of major local events (like the Brixton riots of 1981). The local focus and the oral history sources also illuminate the complex ways in which unspoken and often unconscious imperatives associated with ethnicity, class, and the familial, social, and cultural contexts of our upbringings are played out under new and changing circumstances. Taking this approach fractures homogenizing assumptions about gay identity and community—even of a self-identified gay community like this squatting collective. It can also decentre sexuality as a primary category of identity and analysis as other factors come into sharper focus and shed light on the ebb and flow of identification and on the ways in which broader histories are woven into everyday lives. The piece thus considers different scales of analysis, the limits of identification, the inclusions and exclusions enacted when communities come together and identities coalesce, the continuities and discontinuities between broader and counter cultures (especially in relation to ideas and lived experiences of home), and the way memories of the squats and of the 1970s are modulated by subsequent national and gay politics, by AIDS, and by a profound sense of loss. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

In 2007, the two most important Italian left-wing parties merged into a single political entity. This study intends to analyze the merging process. Specifically, and in line with the ingroup projection hypothesis of Mummendey & Wenzel, we have explored whether the identification and the favoritism toward the upcoming common group was affected by the perceivers' projection of specific and common stereotypical traits from the subordinate groups to the superordinate one. Political militants' (N = 132) levels of ingroup identification; their representations of the previous ingroup, outgroup, and of the new party; and their attitudes towards the common group were assessed. Results confirmed that the cognitive representation of the merged party was shaped much more on the basis of the typical traits of the ingroup than of the outgroup. Moreover, structural equation analyses showed that the identification with the superordinate category and the consequent favoritism toward the merger were related to the projection of ingroup attributes. The findings also suggested that the ingroup projection may be particularly crucial when the intergroup bias is high. Finally, political implications are discussed in terms of obstacles and resources inherent to the merging process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article investigates the effects of the deep transformations in the relationship between West European class-mass parties and their electorates. Particular attention is paid to the changing nature of individuals' partisan attachments, which are hypothesized to be less rooted in social and ideological identities and more in individual attitudes towards increasingly visible partisan objects. The main objective of this article is to examine the influence of voters' attitudes towards one of these 'objects'-the party leaders-in determining psychological attachments with the parties. The analysis concentrates on the two main cleavage-based parties in Britain, Germany, Italy, and the Netherlands. The empirical findings highlight the declining ability of social identities (class and religious) to predict individual feelings of partisan attachment, as well as the growing influence of voters' attitudes towards party leaders. The concluding section points to the crucial role that political psychology can play in our understanding of democratic elections' outcomes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article examines ethnic segregation within residential areas, using as examples the cities of New York in the US, Sydney, Australia, and Auckland, New Zealand. The authors support a robust classification procedure that is linked to the heterogeneity-homogeneity continuum, rather than using absolute measures which are more applicable to spatial separation theories.

The authors examine the problems of group favoritism, social interaction and the nature of social discrimination.

Biographical notes: MIKE SAVAGE is Professor and Head of the Department of Sociology at the University of Manchester. His recent books include Class Analysis and Social Transformation (Open University Press, 2000) and (edited with Rosemary Crompton, Fiona Devine and John Scott) Renewing Class Analysis (Blackwell: Sociological Review Monographs, 2000). GAYNOR BAGNALL is a lecturer specialising in the sociology of consumption in the School of Education, Community and Social Sciences at Liverpool John Moores University in England. She has recently completed her doctorate, which examined the cultural production and consumption of heritage sites in the northwest of England. Current research focuses on issues of lifestyle, consumption, identity and social integration in the middle-class communities around Manchester. BRIAN LONGHURST is Professor of Sociology and Director of the Institute for Social Research, University of Salford. His recent publications include Popular Music and Society (Polity, 1995), Audiences ( Sage, 1998, with Nick Abercrombie) and Introducing Cultural Studies (Prentice Hall Europe, 1999, with Elaine Baldwin, Scott McCracken, Miles Oghorn and Greg Smith).

A study of 149 14-15 year old boys demonstrated the power of group association and intergroup discrimination among teenagers. Groups positively identified with others within their group and built self-esteem by assigning negative characteristics to those outside their group. What was considered positive or negative depended on the group.

The article traces the transformation of a suburb in Toronto, Canada, from housing residents primarily of British descent to housing those of Italian descent. Architectural changes, specifically storefront facades, are used to illustrate this shift.

With the weight of racial pressures in the 20th century, the strained relationships among Black women emerged as well. Addressing these concerns, Africana Womanism, which is a paradigm designed for all women of African descent prioritizing race, class, and gender, became an antidote to the strain currently confronting both Black women as sisters and, moreover, Black male/female relationships, the foundation of the Black family, and the key to Black survival. Africana Womanism takes its models from African women warriors and moves on to create a paradigm relative to this age-old legacy of Africana women's activism., With the weight of racial pressures in the 20th century, the strained relationships among Black women emerged as well. Addressing these concerns, Africana Womanism became an antidote to the strain [...]

"We have good socials," an Iroquois woman in Rochester, New York, once remarked to me. The urban American Indian community in Rochester is proud of the social dances it sponsors, […]

The article explores themes of social distance and group identity in Joseph Conrad's work, focusing on 'Lord Jim.' Topics include Polish ethnicity and otherness, belonging, and the influence of cultural diaspora and a growing international trade economy on individual, social and ethnic development.

The presence of a 3,600-year-old ballcourt in the Mazatan region of Southern Mexico implies that a significant connection existed between ballcourts, competitive sport, and the emergence of the first ascriptive societies in Mesoamerica. We explore four likely connections between the Mesoamerican ballgame, rank society, and early government. These include gambling, playing the game, sponsorship of the game and its associated activities, and the effects of team sports on community identity. Ethnographic information from tribal societies is reviewed with respect to the social roles of competitive games and their effects on egalitarian society. We consider the idea that community identity, or communitas, can become embodied in a small group of people or individuals who sponsor sport, its associated rituals, and the construction of sporting facilities. These individuals may subsequently gain higher status within both their communities and their regions. This finding adds sport and competitive gaming to the growing list of processes that anthropologists should consider in exploring social transformations. [Mesoamerica, social complexity, ballgames, community identity]

This article explores the gay and lesbian cultures rooted in city life and the memories stemming from their collective experiences. The author, analyzing the 'queer' narrative, discusses the social violence in the cities directed toward minority groups, especially gays and lesbians, and the social changes of the metropolis regions.

This article evaluates the newspaper coverage of the South African Development Community's military intervention in Lesotho for the ideological positions presented. Issues discussed include critiques emphasizing blame, different perceptions, and the differences between two rival newspapers based on group identities.

This article discusses Christian speech in relation to modernity and culture wars. The author argues that modernity and culture wars are moving too quickly for Christian speech, and maintains Christians must find a way in which to make speech matter; through clarity in understanding the Christian identity and promoting Christian life.

Canadians exploit a wide variety of symbolic resources to construct their regional and municipal identities, from the physical characteristics of their area to their community's rich historical past. People in Calgary project their civic identity through the city's distinctive community spirit, which has its roots in the myths of the western frontier. In this article, we analyze, from a cultural studies perspective, Calgary's practice of presenting visiting dignitaries with a white cowboy hat, a symbol of the city and of its unique brand of hospitality. We see the ceremony as a site of struggle, the dynamics of which have become increasingly apparent in recent years. We attempt to clarify how, via this ritual, those who arguably constitute the city's civic and business elite have drawn on the western heritage of southern Alberta -- its ranching and agricultural history -- to help construct a highly charged civic identity that has served during a period of rapid social change to downplay social cleavages and to promote corporate interests.

A comparison between Irish author J.M. Synge and Caribbean poet and playwright Derek Walcott is presented, focusing on their examination of ethnic identity and place within postcolonial territories. Both portray distinct ambivalences towards the characters and issues they examine, negotiating between the aesthetic, historical, anthropological and sociological aspects of their subjects.

This article discusses the significance of San Francisco to gays and lesbians. The author maintains gays and lesbians view San Francisco as a homeland, and argues that tourism has been significant to the formation of 'queer' group identity in that San Francisco is becoming a pilgrimage for homosexuals, and the language in tour books is becoming increasingly 'queer'.

This article evaluates the findings of the Commission on the Future of Multi-Ethnic Britain which examines issues of national identity and the meaning of being 'British.' The author asserts that the commission failed to address conflicts and dilemmas involved in multiculturalism and policy changes.

Copyright of Dialogos (14159945) is the property of Universidade Estadual de Maringa and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This article investigates how national histories marred by racial conflict can be translated into narratives of group identity formation. I study the role of 'identity-driven' museums in converting American's racial past into a metanarrative of black identity from subjugation to citizenship. Drawing on a thick description of exhibitions at 15 museums, interviews with curators and directors, museum documents, and newspaper articles, I use the 'political economy of memory' as a framework to explain how ideological and material processes intersect in the production of exhibitions. I show that in addition to struggles over the truth and interpretive styles, more prosaic issues of funding, attendance, and institutional capacity-building hve an impact on representational selectivities. I explain how these issues affect black museums operating during the civil rights and post-civil rights eras. I consider the motivations and consequences of 'remembering' national histories of violence and intolerance through the prism of group identity formation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article discusses the historical and cultural significance of football in Scotland. Topics include nationalism, community, and sense of identity.

This article focuses on the civic identity and political participation of Portuguese-Canadian youth in the provinces of Québec and Ontario. By combining frameworks regarding ethnic identity, civic identity, and civic participation, we examine how engaged youth in this predominantly working-class, minority community view their activism and involvement in various political and community forums. We found that the youth interviewed in Québec and Ontario identify strongly with the Portuguese communities in their respective provinces. The civic identity and participation of these Portuguese-Canadian youth are influenced by their specific Portuguese communities in Montréal and Toronto, involvement in university Portuguese clubs, and in politics. Most importantly, we found that while most of the participants from Québec and Ontario stated an interest in municipal and federal levels of politics in both Canada and Portugal, those in Québec voiced a stronger interest in provincial politics, whereas youth in Ontario were more neutral. However, they did not participate actively in civic activities outside of their communities, nor did they ascribe the same interest in political activity to their peers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper challenges the normalised view that immigrant communities, like language and identity, are natural and depoliticised social realities. They are, in fact, carefully constructed social projects structured by people with multiple positionings who compete over unequally distributed resources. A critical and ethnographic sociolinguistic analysis reveals Toronto's Portuguese-Canadian community as a market where internal group divisions along linguistic, regional and generational lines are masked in order to appeal to the homogenising discourses of Canadian multiculturalism and Portuguese nationalism. The market is thus divided between a minority of Mainland Portuguese, whose standard language variety and dominant cultural habitus afford them positions of power, and a majority of Azorean Portuguese, whose ways of being and speaking Portuguese are delegitimised. Qualitative research methods, including semistructured interviews and participant observation, suggest that the Canadian-born inheritors of this market navigate discursive spaces which largely remain monolingually and monoculturally Portuguese and that are filled with contradictions marginalising most young people for lacking the "right" linguistic or cultural capital. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ever since the Boston Red Sox recruited their Dominican pitcher, Pedro Martinez, large groups of Latinos have become apart of the audience at Fenway Park, something the media has noticed and used to promote racial tolerance. The author argues racial tolerance is not necessarily the social reality, and asserts Latinos go to the games to offer their support to the Dominican pitcher and celebrate their identity.

Group identity is significantly affected by recognition or misrepresentation, and this is especially true for the Maori of New Zealand. The process of colonialization denigrated and distored their traditional beliefs and knowledge, a process that continues in the 21st century.

An experimental study investigated the role of sanctioning systems in shaping individual contributions in step-level public good dilemmas. It was predicted and found that procedural justice of the sanctioning system (i.e., accurate vs. inaccurate evaluations of contributions) influenced contributions. Specifically, when group members identified strongly with the group, procedural justice exerted influence only when the group failed in establishing the public good. In contrast, when group members did not identify strongly with the group, procedural justice of the sanction only exerted influence if the group succeeded. These findings suggest that integrating the social dilemma and procedural justice literature may be beneficial for understanding the conditions that determine the effectiveness of sanctioning systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Food and military identity were inextricably linked in the British Army: rations were a thrice daily indicator of the men's separation from their civilian selves. The soldiers were what they ate, but they were also where and how they ate; the grubby rapacity of the barrack dining hall, the absence of civilizing cutlery and the unfamiliar food delineated their new role as clearly as any uniform. Institutional feeding facilitated the erasure of self, an unhelpful attribute in the military world. Men's accounts indicate the conflict between their appetites and what they all too often regarded as oppression in a dietary form. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista Estudos Feministas is the property of Revista Estudos Feministas and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

In this study, we examine the ways in which engineering identities are constructed through language by both student and professional engineers and their colleagues in practice. Drawing on the work of James Gee, we explore the ways that discourse both reflects and shapes engineering work, and thus engineering identity, in particular local contexts. In particular, we explore the ways multiple dimensions of identity interact in daily work by examining the ways institutional identities afforded by local contexts intersect with the discursive identities enacted in social processes. Intended as a complement to research in both science, technology, and society and writing studies that seeks general patterns of identity across engineering, this paired case study examines the ways in which engineers describe and enact their work differently in response to different local institutional and discursive contexts. Gee's framework, with its attention to identities as they are constructed in specific social interactions, helps complicate discussions of engineering identity by focusing on ways engineers accept, resist, and subvert a variety of identities through language. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this article we present results of a qualitative study of Africans in Macau, as part of the general phenomenon of African migration into China in the 21st century. We focus on the African community from Portuguese-speaking countries in Macau, outlining its internal organisation, memberships, objectives, and activities. The results of this study indicate that this African community is the most established and the best organised African community in China. We argue that the common linguistic identity between members of this community and with other Portuguese speakers is a major factor in its relative success. This argumentation is anchored in our cross-cultural theory of community identity building, where factors such as commonality of language, food, and music play important roles in community bonding and community identity building among migrant groupings in cross-linguistic and cross-cultural settings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Previous literature on social identities focused largely on the oppression of people with marginalized identities without much attention paid to privileged, or dominant, group members. In conclusion to this special issue on privilege, I synthesize the authors' contributions and current research on various forms of group privilege. The authors vary in their approach to dissecting privilege, either intersectionally or examining a single group's privilege. This body of work is imperative to the growing academic field of Privilege Studies, as well as encouraging more mainstream discourse about privilege and oppression. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper explores the role that community social identity plays in an entrepreneur's decision-making process about rebuilding her business following a natural disaster. Existing literature regarding natural disasters has focused on the financial determinants at the near exclusion of social-psychological variables, leaving a gap in the literature that our empirical study aims to address. One hundred and twelve business owners from Joplin, Missouri, which was impacted by an F-5 tornado in May 2011, have been surveyed eight months after this natural disaster. The results indicate that the constructs of interdependency belief and group attractiveness have a significant relationship with the entrepreneur's decision to rebuild. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Contexto Internacional is the property of Pontificia Universidade Catolica do Rio de Janeiro, Instituto de Relacoes Internacionais and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The superior education in the modern Romania was an important institution in leading to social change by promoting a new social identity: the intellectual. Nevertheless, the switch of the superior education into mass education after 1918 and the imbalance between education and economy requests provoked an overproduction of licensed youth. This symptom became more visible due to the great economic depression, that led to intellectual unemployment. That is the reason why a new type of education had been promoted: the directed education. More than that, the state's concern regarding this problem is obvious in 1937, when a census of the intellectual unemployers is accomplished. Meanwhile, it is reasonable to create a causal link between intellectual unemployment and the ascent of the nationalistic political trends in the 1930s, as it was the legionary movement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article presents an approach to analysing collective identity in discourse that distinguishes the linguistic and semiotic description of textual features from their socio-cognitive interpretation. Collective identities are theorised as conceptual structures comprising beliefs and knowledge, norms and values, attitudes and expectations as well as emotions, and as being reinforced and negotiated in discourse. A number of linguistic and semiotic features are suggested to ascertain what collective identities are constructed in texts and how. These include social actor representation, process types, evaluation, modality, metaphoric expressions and intertextuality. The findings from such an analysis are then linked to questions about genre and the participants and processes of discourse practice as well as to the social context and the ideologies by which it is dominated. The analytical procedure is exemplified with an excerpt from a retailer's catalogue that is investigated for the discursive construction and socio-cognitive representation of gender and sexual identity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]