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To authenticate to the full-text of this article, please visit this link: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-2478.2009.00550.x Byline: Tyler M. Curley Abstract: In this article, I build a theory of European Union (EU) expansion using Social Identity Theory. The theory proposes that the development of a national identity in relation to Europe is the most significant contributing factor to a policy to support/oppose expanding the EU to include applicant countries. According to the theory, strength of identity-whether more national or European-is the key variable in explaining the policy toward applicant countries. As a preliminary exploration of the theory, I look at why some decision-makers within EU countries support Turkey's accession while others do not. The identities among top decision-makers within Britain, Germany, and France are used to examine the policy preferences regarding Turkey's bid for membership into the EU during these three recent progressions: the recognition of Turkey as a candidate country in 1999, the development of a timeline for full membership in 2002, and the beginning of accession negotiations in 2005.

The links between Presbyterians in Scotland and the north of Ireland are obvious but have been largely ignored by historians of the nineteenth century. This article addresses this gap by showing how Ulster Presbyterians considered their relationship with their Scottish co-religionists and how they used the interplay of religious and ethnic considerations this entailed to articulate an Ulster Scots identity. For Presbyterians in Ireland, their Scottish origins and identity represented a collection of ideas that could be deployed at certain times for specific reasons--theological orthodoxy, civil and religious liberty, and certain character traits such as hard work, courage, and soberness. Ideas about the Scottish identity of Presbyterianism were reawakened for a more general audience in the first half of the nineteenth century, during the campaign for religious reform and revival within the Irish church, and were expressed through a distinctive denominational historiography inaugurated by James Seaton Reid. The formulation of a coherent narrative of Presbyterian religion and the improvement of Ulster laid the religious foundations of a distinct Ulster Scots identity and its utilization by unionist opponents of Home Rule between 1885 and 1914.

Virtual community research argues that regulations restricting the kinds of speech in a virtual community decrease the utility to members. However, many virtual communities enact regulations on speech within the virtual community. This research explores the contradiction through a cross-case analysis of virtual communities. It explains the contradiction between research and practice using the theory of collective identity. Communication is important for creating collective identity in virtual communities. However, multiple collective identities can arise. When one collective identity within a virtual community defines itself as adversarial to another, silencing speech emerges as adversarial collective identity creates enduring noise and flames. When the target collective identity creates formal regulations suppressing the adversarial collective identity, communication to foster the target collective identity emerges. Keywords: Virtual Communities; Moderation; Censorship; Hate Speech; Regulation

Rather than simply silencing or excluding actors, contemporary U.S. institutions commonly assign ways of speaking to the identities they forge and, therefore, preestablish ways of hearing the people who have come to inhabit them. Although institutional power is thereby reinscribed when 'subalterns speak,' people can also inhabit such identities, and speak from these designated locales, in politically efficacious ways. Examining the rhetorical practices of clients and social workers at one institutional site, I highlight the process of anticipatory interpellation--reading how one is hailed as a particular kind of institutional subject and responding as such. [anticipatory interpellation, language, performativity, politics, representation, social work]

I. THE BELGIAN EMPIRE 1. The Europe of Bouvard and Pecuchet Eurosceptics call Europe the 'Belgian Empire,' meaning by this that from Brussels a group of bureaucrats governs, through regulations [...]

In this article, I examine how citizenship has been legally differentiated and conceptually reconfigured in recent treaty negotiations between the Nisga'a First Nation, the provincial government of British Columbia, and the Canadian federal government. The Nisga'a have sought a form of differentiated citizenship in Canada on the basis of rights that flow from their relationship to their lands and their identity as a political community. They have challenged the state as the sole source of rights and achieved a realignment in the relationship between their rights as aboriginal people, Canadian citizenship, and the Canadian state. [citizenship, abodginal rights, sovereignty, nation-state, Nisga'a, Canada]

In 2006 over three million experiments were performed on nonhuman animals. In making an argument against such experiments I contend that approval of nonhuman animal experimentation is rooted in acceptance of humans as having essential primacy over nonhuman animals and lies in the power relations associated with human primacy identity claims, To challenge essentialist notions of human identity and human primacy I utitize a performative conceptualization of identity. Discourses used by Pro-Test, a lobby group that promotes nonhuman animal experimentation, allows an exploration of justifications made for such experiments, In promoting these experiments Pro-Test is, I argue, engaging in a form of human primacy identity politics based in continued inequality and the sustained oppression of nonhuman animals, I conclude that discourses extolling scientific advancements for human benefits, made on the basis of experiments on nonhuman animals, reiterate an immoral human primacy identity that dissolutely exploits power relations to privilege the human. KEY WORDS animals / discourse / exploitation / human / identity / moral / 'other' / performative / politics / primacy

A renewed class analysis has shown the importance of culture, emotions and identity in conceptualizing and understanding how class is lived. However, proponents of the new sociology of class rarely explore these issues in an occupational setting, This article argues that the insights developed in the new cultural approaches to class can be used fruitfully to analyse contemporary experiences of work. Using a comparative study of women working in working-class and middle-class occupations, the article illustrates the implicit and emotional dimensions of the classed experience of work through a study of the women's aspirations and their class identities, Rather than equating class with economic resources and constraints, the article shows how class 'thinking and feelings' (Reay, 2005) also shape the experiences of work. KEY WORDS class analysis / class identities / women and paid work

Public discourse on Muslim immigrant integration in Europe is increasingly framed around the presumed incompatibility of Islam and Western values. To understand how such framing constructs boundaries between immigrants and majority society in the media, we analyse newspaper discussions of honour killing in the Netherlands and Germany. These debates reinforce existing bright boundaries, or a strong sense of us versus them, between immigrants from Muslim and/or Turkish backgrounds and the majority population. Limited elements of boundary blurring are also present. We extend existing theory by showing that these boundaries are inscribed in the intersection of ethnicity, national origin, religion and gender. Keywords: Ethnicity; gender; Islam; honour killing; cultural incorporation; media.

The study proposes the 'intractable identity conflict resolution model' based on theories of conflict management, social identity, and organizational identification. The model describes a multiphase process through which the conflicting parties' identities shift to enable eventual intergroup harmony in organizations.

Este articulo examina dos distintas elaboraciones del mestizaje durante el siglo XX, dentro del contexto de los discursos raciales que emergen con la conquista de Mexico, con el fin de constituir el sujeto colonial y la revision critica del mestizaje de Sergei Gruzinski. El analisis se enfoca particularmente en las contradicciones del discurso de Jose Vasconcelos respecto a sus ideas de las 'razas' y sus implicaciones en la elaboracion del mestizaje, y en la perspectiva de Gloria Anzaldua del mestizaje a la vez como auto-diseno y como un proceso organico de mezcla cultural. Key words: Representations, mestizaje, hibridity, modern, postmodern, views, identities, discourses, identities, feminism, race. This article examines two distinct articulations of 'mestizaje' during the twentieth century within the context of the racial discourses that emerge with the Conquest of Mexico as a way of constructing the new colonial subject and the critique of Sergei Gruzinski of the category of 'mestizaje'. The analysis focuses in particular in Vasconcelos's contradictory views of race and its implications in his elaboration of 'mestizaje', and the double perspective of 'mestizaje' proposed by Gloria Anzaldua as self-fashioning as well as an organic process of cultural mixing. Palabras clave: Representaciones, mestizaje, hibridez, opiniones, modernas, postmodernas, identidades, discursos, feminismo, raza.

This study investigates the influence of interpersonal communication and intergroup identification on members' evaluations of computer-mediated groups. Participants (N = 256) in 64 four-person groups interacted through synchronous computer chat. Subgroup assignments to minimal groups instilled significantly greater in-group versus out-group identification. One member in each group was instructed to exhibit interpersonally likable or dislikable behavior. Analysis revealed that confederates acting likably were more attractive than those acting dislikably regardless of their in-group or out-group status. Further results indicated that interpersonal behavior interacted with subgroup membership on identification shifts following online discussions. Interpersonal dynamics generally provided stronger effects on members in virtual groups than did intergroup dynamics, in contrast to predictions from previous applications of social identification to computer-mediated communication. doi:10.1111/j.1468-2958.2008.01338.x

To link to full-text access for this article, visit this link: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2008.06.008 Byline: Junghyun Kim Keywords: Avatar; Computer-mediated group; Group identity; Social identity model of deindividuation effects (SIDE); Uniqueness theory Abstract: The present study investigated the impact of the visual similarity shared among virtual group members on group identity and conformity. In achieving this goal, the current study distinguished the similarity coming from being in the same experimental group (i.e., transient group membership) and the similarity coming from the same social group membership (i.e., lasting group membership), in response to the critique that these two group memberships have not been set apart in previous computer-mediated group research. The current study also attended to the fact that previous research on computer-mediated groups restricted personality traits that might have affected group identity formation and conformity in virtual groups. In response to this constraint, the present study included participants' needs to be different from others (NFU) and needs for inclusion (ISC) to a hypothesized path model that was founded on the SIDE model. Furthermore, the author examined whether the same hypothesized path model could uphold across the differentiated levels of similarity shared among group members. Author Affiliation: School of Communication Studies, 135 Taylor Hall, P.O. Box 5190, Kent State University, Kent, Ohio 44242-0001, United States

Abstract. This paper investigates how people's work for non-profit organizations, charities, grassroots collectives, and social justice organizations is organized by official funding processes. In my analysis, I attend to the [...]

Collective identity entered the social movements literature as an early recognition of the importance of meaning-making in shaping movement participants and influencing movement actions In this article, we go against the more usual practice of treating movements as unified actors, and instead, take a decentered, dialog& approach that recognizes the difficulties and contentiousness of producing movement identities amidst multiple discourses and practices. We illustrate this framework with three ethnographic cases from Canada, Scotland and Nepal, which highlight collective identity and meaning-making through place-based, contingent cultural processes. The cases use the concepts of figured worlds, alter-versions of identity, and cultural artifacts to show how collective identity develops dialog&ally in practice both within and outside of movements. [Keywords: Collective identity, social movements, dialogic processes, women's activism, First Nations activism, global justice movement, Nepal, Scotland, Canada], Scholars of social movements have endeavored, over the past several decades, to incorporate culture into conceptualizations of social movements (e.g., Calhoun 1994; Cohen 1985; Gamson 1991; Johnston and Klandermans 1995; [...]

Byline: Maykel Verkuyten (1) Keywords: Life satisfaction; Ethnic minorities; Discrimination Abstract: For most immigrants and ethnic minority groups, everyday life in the country of settlement raises question of adaptation and belonging. Aside from factors such as lower income, lower education and poorer health, being an ethnic minority member carries additional factors that can lower general life satisfaction. Using data from two studies the present paper shows that ethnic minority group members (Turkish-Dutch) have lower general life satisfaction than a comparable majority group (Dutch) because they are less satisfied with their life in the country of settlement. In addition, Study 2 showed that higher perceived structural discrimination was associated with lower life satisfaction in the country of settlement, but also with higher ethnic group identification that, in turn, made a positive contribution to general life satisfaction. Author Affiliation: (1) Interdisciplinary Social Science, Utrecht University, Heidelberglaan 2, Utrecht, 3584 CS, The Netherlands Article History: Registration Date: 21/01/2008 Received Date: 31/08/2007 Accepted Date: 21/01/2008 Online Date: 31/01/2008

Theoretical concepts of cosmopolitanism suggest new forms of societal and political organization. Yet these notions are overwhelmingly normative and hardly specify the ways in which cosmopolitanism is constructed from 'below'. To what extent are people cosmopolitan and who are they? In following the debate on cosmopolitanization we offer a case study of Europe in which we provide grounding for 'global' forms of identification. Using the recent Eurobarometer 64.2 (European Commission, 2005), 'global belonging' is juxtaposed with attitudes and perceptions of the European Union, describing theoretically claimed openness and recognition of difference. We find that a considerable proportion of Europeans see themselves as what could be called cosmopolitan. These views are, however, socially stratified and do not necessarily go hand in hand with open-mindedness. To conclude, the social reality of cosmopolitanism is ambiguous: substantive European cosmopolitanism exists next to more banal forms, but forms of non-cosmopolitanism should not be underestimated. KEY WORDS cosmopolitanism / Eurobarometer / Europe / identity

Second-generation Mexican youth in San Diego actively engaged with the immigrant rights movement by participating in protests they organized and orchestrated in spring 2006. The protests highlighted the encounter--and clashing--of different categories of immigrant social belonging in U.S. society. State-oriented constructions of social belonging clashed with the teens' own notions of belonging developed in relation to the lived experiences of members of their social circles. The teens generally constructed their own boundaries of belonging to be more inclusive of 'contributing' immigrants; however, they also internalized--and self-defensively rearticulated--negative messages about immigrant 'illegality,' The teens' engagement with the immigrant rights movement demonstrated they were not merely 'partial' citizens, as youth are typically portrayed. Rather, the teens had their own ways of navigating extant categories of belonging and articulating messages about cultural citizenship. The protests were ultimately transformative for the teens because they were both consciousness-raising and identity affirming. Keywords: social belonging; cultural citizenship; youth activism; identity formation; second-generation youth

The acquisition of a sociological identity during the process of PhD supervision is reported, drawing on detailed analysis of selected observations of the supervision sessions, written communications and other aspects of interaction over the period of a single case study supervision which involved the authors as participants, The transition from an 'applied' identity (in nursing) to a 'pure' or 'professional' identity in sociology is documented, identifying the precise interactional mechanisms for encouraging and achieving this transition. These include 'bracketing' out of common-sense interpretations of behaviour that draw on the old identity and 'distancing' from the normative judgements of professionals inhabiting a dispreferred, non-sociological position. Taking place in a context of enthusiastic, directive and insistent exhortation and presenting a particular and somewhat locally determined version of adequate sociological work, the study shows both supervisor and student collaborating in the social construction of a sociologist. KEY WORDS collaboration / PhD supervision / professional socialization / sociological identity / teaching sociology

Social identity theory suggests that an individual's self-concept is shaped through group identification and positive social identities are established by favorably comparing the individual's in-group against an out-group. When unfavorable intergroup comparisons occur, individuals perceive a negative social identity. Because of the motivation to maintain a positive self-concept, this perception creates a need to cope. On the basis of face-to-face interviews with Mexican immigrants, the author examined the ways in which negative social-identity perceptions triggered different coping mechanisms. The findings offer support for two coping mechanisms--individual mobility and social creativity, with social creativity used more often than individual mobility. Keywords: ethnic identity, group identification, individual mobility, Mexican immigrants, social identity theory, SOCIAL IDENTITY THEORY (Tajfel & Turner, 1986) explains individual responses to intergroup social-status differences. When one's in-group is negatively evaluated in comparison to an out-group, perceptions of negative social identity [...]

ABSTRACT This article considers Billig's concept of 'banal nationalism' in relation to a comparative material culture study of ordinary English and Swedish gardens and gardeners. Banal nationalism is about the [...]

The implications ethnographic insights on literacy, social change and identities are examined in relation to their translation into a policy context. Details on the understanding of the topics mentioned and their effect on the 'Literacy for Life' message are also provided.

Data from 101 Australian research scientists were used to examine the relationship between sex dissimilarity and work group identification, and task and emotional conflict. Based on social identity and self-categorization [...]

Several theoretical perspectives predict that social comparisons lead to simple, default-driven effects when triggered outside of conscious awareness. These theoretical perspectives differ, however, in the default effects they predict. Some theories argue for self-evaluative contrast, whereas others argue for self-evaluative assimilation. The current studies tested the prediction that the default effect would vary as a function of the social context and the type of self-concept activated. When attention was focused on the personal self, contrast effects emerged. When attention was focused on collective or possible selves, assimilation effects emerged. These findings suggest that a wide range of comparison effects can be triggered spontaneously and outside of conscious awareness. However, some results also show ways in which social comparison processes simplify when deliberate reflection is lacking. Keywords: assimilation, contrast, possible selves, social comparison, social identity

Social class has been the subject of extensive investigation within the academic humanities for more than a century, although historical emergence, nomenclature, and theoretical ownership are as much contested as [...]

Various methods regarding the shaping of social identity among immigrants and the effect of that identity on behavior that is delinquent that was studied. Results showed that the assimilation strategy of identity changes increased the likelihood of delinquent behavior.

This paper attempts to explore the problem of collective identity and its subsequent historical legacies through a reading of Spinoza's and Freud's respective accounts of Moses. In working their way through the aggadah (i.e., legend) of Moses, both Spinoza and Freud find the halakhic (i.e., legal) core of collectivity to be expressed in and as social mediation. Moreover, both thinkers discover that the occlusion of this core leads to a collective trauma (in Freud's sense), the symptom of which is the formation of the 'theological-political' (in Spinoza's sense).

ABSTRACT This paper explores imperial masculinity from the perspective of a British soldier who fought against the Dhofar revolution from 1968 to 1970 while serving in the British-led Army of [...]

Although Football Club Barcelona has been closely tied to Barcelona and Catalonia throughout its history, the narrative of that relationship has varied. Those narratives provide different understandings of how FC [...]