Search

Item does not contain fulltext, Many social scientists believe that in the Netherlands there has been a decline in the political impact of traditional class and religious divisions over the last quarter-century. In understanding the evolving political impact of social divisions it is important to recognise that political behaviour results from the interplay between social and political forces. In this paper we test empirically the interplay between the available political options and the social situation of voters. For this purpose we use Dutch election surveys from 1971 to 1998. Comparing changes in the importance of the two traditional divisions, we find a decline in the importance of social class that does not depend on political changes. On the other hand, the decline in religious-based voting seems to be affected by the merging of the three main denominational political parties into the Christian Democrats (CDA) as well as by a linear decline of the party loyalty of Catholics.

RU Radboud Universiteit Nijmegen, 09 maart 2001, Promotores : Ultee, W.C., Graaf, N.D. de Co-promotor : Kraaykamp, G.L.M., Item does not contain fulltext

Item does not contain fulltext, Level of education has always been the focus of attention in studies on the intergenerational transmission of education. Consequently, we do not know whether field of study is a relevant new boundary. We expect field of study to be important, because it indicates the type of resources that students acquire. We tested hypotheses about parental effects on the field on study of respondents to the Dutch Family Surveys of 1992 and 1998 (N=2949). In the Dutch educational system the choice of a specific educational programme is made at various educational levels. The association between the educational fields of father and child appeared to be particularly strong in general, teacher/educational, and agricultural fields, and was hardly affected by other family characteristics. Interestingly, children from lower-class backgrounds were over-represented in fields of study with favourable labour-market opportunities, and children from the economic and cultural élite selected fields where they could reproduce their family capital.

Item does not contain fulltext, In this article, the authors report on their research on which aspects of parental cultural resources affect educational attainment and distinguish between parental beaux arts participationa nd parentalr eading behavior.U sing representatived data for the Netherlands in 1992 (N = 1,653), they found that parental reading behavior, not parental beaux arts participation, affects children's educational attainment. The authors also examine the validity of two alternative theories on the interaction of parents' educational background and their cultural capital (distinguishing between parentalr eading and beaux arts participation)B: ourdieu'sc ultural reproduction theory and DiMaggio's cultural mobility theory. The data provide support for the cultural mobility hypothesis with respect to parental reading behavior; that is, parental reading is effective in predicting success in school, especially for children whose parents have low levels of education.

Item does not contain fulltext, 0ntbrkt

Item does not contain fulltext, In the Netherlands, more and ore peoplenow attend colleges and universities, thus making the relation between family background and field of study an important social strasification issue. We assume that choosing a scholastic field is indicative of a specific set of resources. Four types of resources are assigned to individuals according to their field of study ; i. e. cultural, economic, communicative and technical resources. The results of our analysis of a nationally representative Dutch sample (N = 1,588) suggest that field resources related to labour market success (economic and technical field resources) are reproduced directly, implying that children take their parents' social position as a frame of reference. Cultural and communicative field resources are more open to specific types of socialisation, which emphasizes the relevance of cultural aspects of the background family. No gender differences in the impact of socialisation on field resources were observed. Inter-cohort stability in the impact of family background means the openness of Dutch society has not increased with respect to educational field resources.

Item does not contain fulltext, Numerous studies have noted the lack of change in the sexual division of housework, despite substantial change in factors believed to affect it. According to popular thought, men are at best making selective inroads, such that change is limited to the more enjoyable work. This paper explores how combined educational attainment levels of spouses affect the division of housework, taking into account the relative `pleasantness' of particular tasks. For this purpose 1992/93 Dutch data are used, including a national survey on the enjoyment of routine housework. Our findings stress the relevance of discriminating between different sorts of tasks. Firstly, men, if they contribute, do so more to the preferred tasks of shopping or cooking than to the less enjoyed cleaning or laundry. Generational differences suggest, however, that change towards equalisation permeates all tasks alike. Secondly, the division of each type of housework varies between couples with different educational compositions. The effects of education are such that an explanation based on egalitarian values fares better than one based on human capital. Finally, comparing the spouses, the results indicate that the influence of wives' education dominates. However, among highly educated wives this does not hold true when it comes to cleaning.

Item does not contain fulltext, 0ntbrkt

Contains fulltext : 29715.pdf (publisher's version ) (Closed access), How much does a nation's religious environment affect the religious beliefs of its citizens? Do religious nations differfrom secular nations in how beliefs are passed on from generation to generation? To find out, we use data from the 1991 International Social Survey Programme collected in 15 nations from 19,815 respondents. We use diagonal reference models estimated by nonlin-ear regression to control for a nation's level of economic development and exposure to Communism, andfor the individual's denomination, age, gender, and education. We find that (1) people living in religious nations will, in proportion to the religiosity of their fellow-citizens, acquire more orthodox beliefs than otherwise similar people living in secular nations; (2) in rela-tively secular nations, family religiosity strongly shapes children's religious beliefs, while the influence of national religious context is small; (3) in rela-tively religious nations family religiosity, although important, has less effect on children's beliefs than does national context. These three patterns hold in rich nations and in poor nations, in formerly Communist nations and in es-tablished democracies, and among old and young, men and women, the well-educated and the poorly educated, andfor Catholics and Protestants. Find-ings on the link between belief and church attendance are inconsistent with the influential "supply-side" analysis of differences between nations.

The Erikson Goldthorpe & Portocarero class scheme (EGP) has evolved to the standard indicator of class positions in international research. Critique with respect to the EGP service class is related to criticism regarding `The Constant Flux' (Erikson & Goldthorpe 1992). This work is mainly concerned with the classical theme of the shift from agriculture to industry and it neglects the important `post?industrial' distinction between the industrial and service sector. This criticism particularly applies to the `service class' as conceptualized by the EGP class scheme. It does not take important institutional changes in post-industrial society into account. Consequently, the life styles and beliefs of the 'service class' show a large amount of variation. We therefore propose to modify the EGP-class scheme by distinguishing the `social and cultural specialists' within the service class. Using the Dutch Family Survey (1992/93) we show that this adjustment of the EGP?class scheme is an improvement with respect to the explanation of a variety of attitudes and behaviour. The finding that our results hold after controlling for relevant predictors such as education, signifies the importance of our revision of the EGP-class scheme.

Contains fulltext : 29142.pdf (publisher's version ) (Closed access), Research on aggregate generational changes in postmaterialist values indicates that cohort and life cycle effects are present, but does not identify precisely the causes of observed age differences. Using data from the 8-nation Political Action Study and macro-level indicators, this article examines the impact of both individual level and contextual factors on the relationship between year of birth and postmaterialism. Value change is found to be in the main accounted for by levels of education and severity of war-time experience—variables which have not usually been given a central role in Inglehart's theory, whereas the effects of several measures of formative affluence—a key element of the theory—are not significant. These results are taken to suggest that the postmaterialism scale does not measure post-"materialism", but indexes instead values pertaining to progressive liberalism. It follows that the political consequences of value change are likely to differ somewhat from those proposed by the theory.

Contains fulltext : 29143.pdf (publisher's version ) (Open Access), The authors test several hypotheses about the impact of intergenerational class mobility on political party preferences. Tests using cross-national data sets representing Britain, the Netherlands, Germany, and the United States over the period 1964-90 suggest a process of acculturation to the class of destination. The authors hypothesized that a class with a high degree of demographic identity influences newcomers more than a class with low demographic identity does and that, the more left-wing inflow there is into a class, the more likely the immobile members are to have left-wing political preferences. The data did not confirm these hypotheses. A macro analysis does, however, show that the level of class voting is weakened by a compositional mobility effect.

Contains fulltext : 28411.pdf (publisher's version ) (Open Access), In this study we seek to broaden the debate on women and class analysis to married women’s and men's educational attainment, and its impact on cultural behaviour. Analogous to the earlier discussion, the question is raised whether the husband's education dominates his wife’s behaviour. First, to examine spouses' interdependent cultural behaviour, we apply a simultaneous equation model. Our analysis, based on longitudinal data from Dutch household surveys, shows some evidence of a declining male dominance across cohorts. The findings also suggest that the total effect of the wife's education on her husband’s cultural behaviour has increased over time. Second, we apply diagonal reference models to study educationally mixed couples more elaborately by testing several interaction effects. Although both women’s and men’s relative positions are associated with a differential sahence of the spouse’s education, there is no evidence indicating that the lower educated spouse is primarily 'borrowing' from his or her higher educated partner. Instead of such a 'status maximimization' effect the higher educated spouse adapts more strongly to the lower educated spouse. In particular, women in the oldest cohort seem to be characterized by this 'status minimization'. The theoretical implications of these findings are discussed.

Contains fulltext : 141066.pdf (publisher's version ) (Open Access)

Contains fulltext : 141070.pdf (publisher's version ) (Open Access)

Item does not contain fulltext, This paper models data for the Netherlands in the 1970s on prestige of male's occupation, occupational prestige of the father and 'left/right' score of the political party he prefers. One set of hypotheses holds that individuals behave according to economic self-interest, another set postulates a status motive. The former specify additive effects, the latter interaction effects. It is argued that these hypotheses have to be tested with Diagonal Mobility Models. A result of their application is that an economic diagonal model fits best. This paper also discusses macroimplications of these models for individual data. To determine macroeffects of status models, it is necessary to ascertain the total percentage of mobile persons in a society. For the macro-application of economic models, the amount of mobility necessitated by a copntry's opportunity structure is relevant. The latter is much smaller than the former. As an economic model was corroborated, macroeffects of social mobility on a society's political outcome are smaller than might have been suspected

Contains fulltext : 140712.pdf (publisher's version ) (Open Access)

Contains fulltext : 140705.pdf (publisher's version ) (Open Access)