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101. Shell deformity as a marker for retrospective detection of a pathogenic unicellular alga, Coccomyxa sp., in mytilid mussels : a first case study and research agenda

Author

Zuykov, Michael, Kolyuchkina, Galina, Archambault, Philippe, Gosselin, Michel, Anderson, Julia, McKindsey, Christopher W., Spiers, Graeme, Schindler, Michael, Zuykov, Michael, Kolyuchkina, Galina, Archambault, Philippe, Gosselin, Michel, Anderson, Julia, McKindsey, Christopher W., Spiers, Graeme, and Schindler, Michael

Abstract

An L-shaped shell deformity (LSSD) on the posterior shell edge is known exclusively in wild mytilid mussels infected with photosynthetic Coccomyxa-like algae. LSSD forms due to the appearance of extra shell material; it only occurs if the mussel is heavily infected with the alga. Traditionally, observation of high amount of the green spots (algal colonies) on a large area of host soft tissues (most of the mantle and in adductor muscle) has been used to indicate a high infection rate. We examined 300 Mytilus spp. (100 small, 20–30 mm; 200 large, 40–60 mm) with a high degree of LSSD (parameter “d” > 5 mm) from the Lower St. Lawrence Estuary (Québec, Canada). Green spots were absent in two large mussels, and were only present along the mantle posterior edge in 14 large mussels; other individuals had high infection levels. Our observations suggest that some individuals could be in a state of remission, or, even more optimistically - mussels may be able to resist the pathogen. LSSD is the stable through-time marker for detection of mytilid mussels that are or were infected with Coccomyxa algae, and, thus, may provide information for the study of mussel immunity and control of alga distribution/migration in coastal waters worldwide.

Published
2019

102. Overview paper: New insights into aerosol and climate in the Arctic

Author

Abbatt, Jonathan P. D., Leaitch, W. Richard, Aliabadi, Amir A., Bertram, Allan K., Blanchet, Jean-Pierre, Boivin-Rioux, Aude, Bozem, Heiko, Burkart, Julia, Chang, Rachel Y. W., Charette, Joannie, Chaubey, Jai P., Christensen, Robert J., Cirisan, Ana, Collins, Douglas B., Croft, Betty, Dionne, Joelle, Evans, Greg J., Fletcher, Christopher G., Galí, Martí, Ghahremaninezhad, Roghayeh, Girard, Eric, Gong, Wanmin, Gosselin, Michel, Gourdal, Margaux, Hanna, Sarah J., Hayashida, Hakase, Herber, Andreas B., Hesaraki, Sareh, Hoor, Peter, Huang, Lin, Hussherr, Rachel, Irish, Victoria E., Keita, Setigui A., Kodros, John K., Köllner, Franziska, Kolonjari, Felicia, Kunkel, Daniel, Ladino, Luis A., Law, Kathy, Levasseur, Maurice, Libois, Quentin, Liggio, John, Lizotte, Martine, Macdonald, Katrina M., Mahmood, Rashed, Martin, Randall V., Mason, Ryan H., Miller, Lisa A., Moravek, Alexander, Mortenson, Eric, Mungall, Emma L., Murphy, Jennifer G., Namazi, Maryam, Norman, Ann-Lise, O'Neill, Norman T., Pierce, Jeffrey R., Russell, Lynn M., Schneider, Johannes, Schulz, Hannes, Sharma, Sangeeta, Si, Meng, Staebler, Ralf M., Steiner, Nadja S., Thomas, Jennie L., von Salzen, Knut, Wentzell, Jeremy J. B., Willis, Megan D., Wentworth, Gregory R., Xu, Jun-Wei, Yakobi-Hancock, Jacqueline D., Abbatt, Jonathan P. D., Leaitch, W. Richard, Aliabadi, Amir A., Bertram, Allan K., Blanchet, Jean-Pierre, Boivin-Rioux, Aude, Bozem, Heiko, Burkart, Julia, Chang, Rachel Y. W., Charette, Joannie, Chaubey, Jai P., Christensen, Robert J., Cirisan, Ana, Collins, Douglas B., Croft, Betty, Dionne, Joelle, Evans, Greg J., Fletcher, Christopher G., Galí, Martí, Ghahremaninezhad, Roghayeh, Girard, Eric, Gong, Wanmin, Gosselin, Michel, Gourdal, Margaux, Hanna, Sarah J., Hayashida, Hakase, Herber, Andreas B., Hesaraki, Sareh, Hoor, Peter, Huang, Lin, Hussherr, Rachel, Irish, Victoria E., Keita, Setigui A., Kodros, John K., Köllner, Franziska, Kolonjari, Felicia, Kunkel, Daniel, Ladino, Luis A., Law, Kathy, Levasseur, Maurice, Libois, Quentin, Liggio, John, Lizotte, Martine, Macdonald, Katrina M., Mahmood, Rashed, Martin, Randall V., Mason, Ryan H., Miller, Lisa A., Moravek, Alexander, Mortenson, Eric, Mungall, Emma L., Murphy, Jennifer G., Namazi, Maryam, Norman, Ann-Lise, O'Neill, Norman T., Pierce, Jeffrey R., Russell, Lynn M., Schneider, Johannes, Schulz, Hannes, Sharma, Sangeeta, Si, Meng, Staebler, Ralf M., Steiner, Nadja S., Thomas, Jennie L., von Salzen, Knut, Wentzell, Jeremy J. B., Willis, Megan D., Wentworth, Gregory R., Xu, Jun-Wei, and Yakobi-Hancock, Jacqueline D.

Abstract

Motivated by the need to predict how the Arctic atmosphere will change in a warming world, this article summarizes recent advances made by the research consortium NETCARE (Network on Climate and Aerosols: Addressing Key Uncertainties in Remote Canadian Environments) that contribute to our fundamental understanding of Arctic aerosol particles as they relate to climate forcing. The overall goal of NETCARE research has been to use an interdisciplinary approach encompassing extensive field observations and a range of chemical transport, earth system, and biogeochemical models. Several major findings and advances have emerged from NETCARE since its formation in 2013. (1) Unexpectedly high summertime dimethyl sulfide (DMS) levels were identified in ocean water (up to 75 nM) and the overlying atmosphere (up to 1 ppbv) in the Canadian Arctic Archipelago (CAA). Furthermore, melt ponds, which are widely prevalent, were identified as an important DMS source (with DMS concentrations of up to 6 nM and a potential contribution to atmospheric DMS of 20 % in the study area). (2) Evidence of widespread particle nucleation and growth in the marine boundary layer was found in the CAA in the summertime, with these events observed on 41 % of days in a 2016 cruise. As well, at Alert, Nunavut, particles that are newly formed and grown under conditions of minimal anthropogenic influence during the months of July and August are estimated to contribute 20 % to 80 % of the 30–50 nm particle number density. DMS-oxidation-driven nucleation is facilitated by the presence of atmospheric ammonia arising from seabird-colony emissions, and potentially also from coastal regions, tundra, and biomass burning. Via accumulation of secondary organic aerosol (SOA), a significant fraction of the new particles grow to sizes that are active in cloud droplet formation. Although the gaseous precursors to Arctic marine SOA remain poorly defined, the measured levels of common continental SOA precursors (isoprene

Published
2019

107. Contrasting effects of acidification and warming on dimethylsulfide 2 concentrations during a temperate estuarine fall bloom mesocosm 3 experiment

Author

Benard, Robin, Ferreyra, Gustavo Adolfo, Michael, Scarratt, Sonia, Michaud, Michel, Starr, Alfonso, Mucci, Gosselin, Michel, Tremblay, Jean-Éric, Lizotte, Martine, and Yang, Gui Peng

Subjects
purl.org/becyt/ford/1 [https], acidification, purl.org/becyt/ford/1.5 [https], warming
Abstract

The effects of ocean acidification and warming on the concentrations of dimethylsulfoniopropionate (DMSP) and dimethylsulfide (DMS) were investigated during a mesocosm experiment in the Lower St. Lawrence Estuary (LSLE) in the fall of 2014. Twelve mesocosms covering a range of pHT (pH on the total hydrogen ion concentration scale) from 8.0 to 7.2, corresponding to a range of CO2 partial pressures (pCO2) from 440 to 2900 μatm, at two temperatures (in situ and C5 °C; 10 and 15 °C) were monitored during 13 days. All mesocosms were characterized by the rapid development of a diatom bloom dominated by Skeletonema costatum, followed by its decline upon the exhaustion of nitrate and silicic acid. Neither the acidification nor the warming resulted in a significant impact on the abundance of bacteria over the experiment. However, warming the water by 5 °C resulted in a significant increase in the average bacterial production (BP) in all 15 °C mesocosms as compared to 10 °C, with no detectable effect of pCO2 on BP. Variations in total DMSP (DMSPt DparticulateCdissolved DMSP) concentrations tracked the development of the bloom, although the rise in DMSPt persisted for a few days after the peaks in chlorophyll a. Average concentrations of DMSPt were not affected by acidification or warming. Initially low concentrations of DMS (< 1 nmol L-1) increased to reach peak values ranging from 30 to 130 nmol L-1 towards the end of the experiment. Increasing the pCO2 reduced the averaged DMS concentrations by 66%and 69%at 10 and 15 °C, respectively, over the duration of the experiment. On the other hand, a 5 °C warming increased DMS concentrations by an average of 240% as compared to in situ temperature, resulting in a positive offset of the adverse pCO2 impact. Significant positive correlations found between bacterial production and concentrations of DMS throughout our experiment point towards temperatureassociated enhancement of bacterial DMSP metabolism as a likely driver of the mitigating effect of warming on the negative impact of acidification on the net production of DMS in the LSLE and potentially the global ocean. Fil: Benard, Robin. Laval University; Canadá Fil: Ferreyra, Gustavo Adolfo. Laval University; Canadá Fil: Michael, Scarratt. Maurice Lamontagne Institute, Fisheries And Oceans; Canadá Fil: Sonia, Michaud. Maurice Lamontagne Institute, Fisheries And Oceans ; Canadá Fil: Michel, Starr. Maurice Lamontagne Institute, Fisheries And Oceans; Canadá Fil: Alfonso, Mucci. Université Mcgill; Canadá Fil: Ferreyra, Gustavo Adolfo. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Austral de Investigaciones Científicas; Argentina Fil: Gosselin, Michel. Institut Des Sciences de la Mer de Rimouski; Canadá Fil: Tremblay, Jean-Éric. Laval University; Canadá Fil: Lizotte, Martine. Laval University; Canadá Fil: Yang, Gui Peng. Ocean University; China

Published
2018

108. New insights into aerosol and climate in the Arctic

Author

Abbatt, Jonathan P. D., Leaitch, W. Richard, Aliabadi, Amir A., Bertram, Alan K., Blanchet, Jean-Pierre, Boivin-Rioux, Aude, Bozem, Heiko, Burkart, Julia, Chang, Rachel Y. W., Charette, Joannie, Chaubey, Jai P., Christensen, Robert J., Cirisan, Ana, Collins, Douglas B., Croft, Betty, Dionne, Joelle, Evans, Greg J., Fletcher, Christopher G., Ghahremaninezhad, Roghayeh, Girard, Eric, Gong, Wanmin, Gosselin, Michel, Gourdal, Margaux, Hanna, Sarah J., Hayashida, Hakase, Herber, Andreas B., Hesaraki, Sareh, Hoor, Peter, Huang, Lin, Hussherr, Rachel, Irish, Victoria E., Keita, Setigui A., Kodros, John K., Köllner, Franziska, Kolonjari, Felicia, Kunkel, Daniel, Ladino, Luis A., Law, Kathy S., Levasseur, Maurice, Libois, Quentin, Liggio, John, Lizotte, Martine, Macdonald, Katrina M., Mahmood, Rashed, Martin, Randall V., Mason, Ryan H., Miller, Lisa A., Moravek, Alexander, Mortenson, Eric, Mungall, Emma L., Murphy, Jennifer G., Namazi, Maryam, Norman, Ann-Lise, O'Neill, Norman T., Pierce, Jeffrey R., Russell, Lynn M., Schneider, Johannes, Schulz, Hannes, Sharma, Sangeeta, Si, Meng, Staebler, Ralf M., Steiner, Nadja S., Gali, Marti, Thomas, Jennie L., von Salzen, Knut, Wentzell, Jeremy J. B., Willis, Megan D., Wentworth, Gregory R., Xu, Jun-Wei, Yakobi-Hancock, Jacqueline D., Department of Chemistry [University of Toronto], University of Toronto, Environment and Climate Change Canada, School of Engineering [Guelph], University of Guelph, Department of Chemistry [Vancouver] (UBC Chemistry), University of British Columbia (UBC), Département des sciences de la terre et de l'atmosphère [Montréal] (SCTA), Université du Québec à Montréal = University of Québec in Montréal (UQAM), Institut des Sciences de la MER de Rimouski (ISMER), Université du Québec à Rimouski (UQAR), Institute for Atmospheric Physics [Mainz] (IPA), Johannes Gutenberg - Universität Mainz (JGU), Aerosol Physics and Environmental Physics [Vienna], University of Vienna [Vienna], Department of Physics and Atmospheric Science [Halifax], Dalhousie University [Halifax], Department of Chemistry [Lewisburg], Bucknell University, Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry (CHEM ENG), Department of Geography and Environmental Management [Waterloo], University of Waterloo [Waterloo], Departement de Biologie [Québec], Université Laval [Québec] (ULaval), School of Earth and Ocean Sciences [Victoria] (SEOS), University of Victoria [Canada] (UVIC), Alfred-Wegener-Institut, Helmholtz-Zentrum für Polar- und Meeresforschung (AWI), Centre d'Applications et de Recherches en TELédétection (CARTEL), Université de Sherbrooke [Sherbrooke], Department of Atmospheric Science [Fort Collins], Colorado State University [Fort Collins] (CSU), Particle Chemistry Department [Mainz], Max Planck Institute for Chemistry (MPIC), Max-Planck-Gesellschaft-Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Centro de Ciencias de la Atmosfera [Mexico], Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), TROPO - LATMOS, Laboratoire Atmosphères, Milieux, Observations Spatiales (LATMOS), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS), Department of Biology [Québec], Air Quality Processes Research Section, Canadian Centre for Climate Modelling and Analysis (CCCma), Institute of Ocean Sciences [Sidney] (IOS), Fisheries and Oceans Canada (DFO), Department of Mathematics [Isfahan], University of Isfahan, Department of Physics and Astronomy [Calgary], University of Calgary, Scripps Institution of Oceanography (SIO), University of California [San Diego] (UC San Diego), University of California-University of California, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory [Berkeley] (LBNL), and National Research Council of Canada (NRC)

Subjects
[PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-AO-PH]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics [physics.ao-ph], [SDU.STU.CL]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Climatology
Abstract

International audience; Motivated by the need to predict how the Arctic atmosphere will change in a warming world, this article summarizes recent advances made by the research consortium NETCARE (Network on Climate and Aerosols: Addressing Key Uncertainties in Remote Canadian Environments) that contribute to our fundamental understanding of Arctic aerosol particles as they relate to climate forcing. The overall goal of NETCARE research has been to use an interdisciplinary approach encompassing extensive field observations and a range of chemical transport, earth system, and biogeochemical models. Several major findings and advances have emerged from NETCARE since its formation in 2013 . (1) Unexpectedly high summertime dimethyl sulfide (DMS) levels were identified in ocean water and the overlying atmosphere in the Canadian Arctic Archipelago (CAA). Furthermore, melt ponds, which are widely prevalent, were identified as an important DMS source. (2) Evidence was found of widespread particle nucleation and growth in the marine boundary layer in the CAA in the summertime. DMS-oxidation-driven nucleation is facilitated by the presence of atmospheric ammonia arising from sea bird colony emissions, and potentially also from coastal regions, tundra, and biomass burning. Via accumulation of secondary organic material (SOA), a significant fraction of the new particles grow to sizes that are active in cloud droplet formation. Although the gaseous precursors to Arctic marine SOA remain poorly defined, the measured levels of common continental SOA precursors (isoprene and monoterpenes) were low, whereas elevated mixing ratios of oxygenated volatile organic compounds were inferred to arise via processes involving the sea surface microlayer. (3) The variability in the vertical distribution of black carbon (BC) under both springtime Arctic haze and more pristine summertime aerosol conditions was observed. Measured particle size distributions and mixing states were used to constrain, for the first time, calculations of aerosol–climate interactions under Arctic conditions. Aircraft- and ground-based measurements were used to better establish the BC source regions that supply the Arctic via long-range transport mechanisms. (4) Measurements of ice nucleating particles (INPs) in the Arctic indicate that a major source of these particles is mineral dust, likely derived from local sources in the summer and long-range transport in the spring. In addition, INPs are abundant in the sea surface microlayer in the Arctic, and possibly play a role in ice nucleation in the atmosphere when mineral dust concentrations are low. (5) Amongst multiple aerosol components, BC was observed to have the smallest effective deposition velocities to high Arctic snow.

Published
2018

110. Revisiting properties and concentrations of ice-nucleating particles in the sea surface microlayer and bulk seawater in the Canadian Arctic during summer

Author

Irish, Victoria E., primary, Hanna, Sarah J., additional, Xi, Yu, additional, Boyer, Matthew, additional, Polishchuk, Elena, additional, Ahmed, Mohamed, additional, Chen, Jessie, additional, Abbatt, Jonathan P. D., additional, Gosselin, Michel, additional, Chang, Rachel, additional, Miller, Lisa A., additional, and Bertram, Allan K., additional

Published
2019
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112. Contrasting effects of acidification and warming on dimethylsulfide concentrations during a temperate estuarine fall bloom mesocosm experiment

Author

Bénard, Robin, primary, Levasseur, Maurice, additional, Scarratt, Michael, additional, Michaud, Sonia, additional, Starr, Michel, additional, Mucci, Alfonso, additional, Ferreyra, Gustavo, additional, Gosselin, Michel, additional, Tremblay, Jean-Éric, additional, Lizotte, Martine, additional, and Yang, Gui-Peng, additional

Published
2019
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119. Phytoplankton and dimethylsulfide dynamics at two contrasting Arctic ice edges.

Author

Lizotte, Martine, Levasseur, Maurice, Galindo, Virginie, Gourdal, Margaux, Gosselin, Michel, Tremblay, Jean-Éric, Blais, Marjolaine, Charette, Joannie, and Hussherr, Rachel

Subjects
ALGAL blooms, ICE, SEA ice, ARCTIC climate, WATER, PHYTOPLANKTON, EDGES (Geometry)
Abstract

Arctic sea ice is retreating and thinning and its rate of decline has steepened in the last decades. While phytoplankton blooms are known to seasonally propagate along the ice edge as it recedes from spring to summer, the substitution of thick multiyear ice (MYI) with thinner, ponded first-year ice (FYI) represents an unequal exchange when considering the roles sea ice plays in the ecology and climate of the Arctic. Consequences of this shifting sea ice on the phenology of phytoplankton and the associated cycling of the climate-relevant gas dimethylsulfide (DMS) and its precursor dimethylsulfoniopropionate (DMSP) remain ill constrained. In July–August 2014, two contrasting ice edges in the Canadian High Arctic were explored: a FYI-dominated ice edge in Barrow Strait and a MYI-dominated ice edge in Nares Strait. Our results reveal two distinct planktonic systems and associated DMS dynamics in connection to these diverging ice types. The surface waters exiting the ponded FYI in Barrow Strait were characterized by moderate chlorophyll a (Chl a , <2.1 µ g L -1) as well as high DMSP (115 nmol L -1) and DMS (12 nmol L -1), suggesting that a bloom had already started to develop under the markedly melt-pond-covered (ca. 40 %) FYI. Heightened DMS concentrations at the FYI edge were strongly related to ice-associated seeding of DMS in surface waters and haline-driven stratification linked to ice melt (Spearman's rank correlation between DMS and salinity, rs=-0.91 , p<0.001 , n=20). However, surface waters exiting the MYI edge at the head of Nares Strait were characterized by low concentrations of Chl a (<0.5 µ g L -1), DMSP (<16 nmol L -1), and DMS (<0.4 nmol L -1), despite the nutrient-replete conditions characterizing the surface waters. The increase in autotrophic biomass and methylated sulfur compounds took place several kilometers (ca. 100 km) away from the MYI edge, suggesting the requisite for ice-free, light-sufficient conditions for a phytoplankton bloom to fully develop and for sulfur compound dynamics to follow and expand. In light of the ongoing and projected climate-driven changes to Arctic sea ice, results from this study suggest that the early onset of autotrophic blooms under thinner, melt-pond-covered ice may have vast implications for the timing and magnitude of DMS pulses in the Arctic. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2020
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120. Supplementary material to "New insights into aerosol and climate in the Arctic"

Author

Abbatt, Jonathan P. D., primary, Leaitch, W. Richard, additional, Aliabadi, Amir A., additional, Bertram, Alan K., additional, Blanchet, Jean-Pierre, additional, Boivin-Rioux, Aude, additional, Bozem, Heiko, additional, Burkart, Julia, additional, Chang, Rachel Y. W., additional, Charette, Joannie, additional, Chaubey, Jai P., additional, Christensen, Robert J., additional, Cirisan, Ana, additional, Collins, Douglas B., additional, Croft, Betty, additional, Dionne, Joelle, additional, Evans, Greg J., additional, Fletcher, Christopher G., additional, Ghahreman, Roya, additional, Girard, Eric, additional, Gong, Wanmin, additional, Gosselin, Michel, additional, Gourdal, Margaux, additional, Hanna, Sarah J., additional, Hayashida, Hakase, additional, Herber, Andreas B., additional, Hesaraki, Sareh, additional, Hoor, Peter, additional, Huang, Lin, additional, Hussherr, Rachel, additional, Irish, Victoria E., additional, Keita, Setigui A., additional, Kodros, John K., additional, Köllner, Franziska, additional, Kolonjari, Felicia, additional, Kunkel, Daniel, additional, Ladino, Luis A., additional, Law, Kathy, additional, Levasseur, Maurice, additional, Libois, Quentin, additional, Liggio, John, additional, Lizotte, Martine, additional, Macdonald, Katrina M., additional, Mahmood, Rashed, additional, Martin, Randall V., additional, Mason, Ryan H., additional, Miller, Lisa A., additional, Moravek, Alexander, additional, Mortenson, Eric, additional, Mungall, Emma L., additional, Murphy, Jennifer G., additional, Namazi, Maryam, additional, Norman, Ann-Lise, additional, O'Neill, Norman T., additional, Pierce, Jeffrey R., additional, Russell, Lynn M., additional, Schneider, Johannes, additional, Schulz, Hannes, additional, Sharma, Sangeeta, additional, Si, Meng, additional, Staebler, Ralf M., additional, Steiner, Nadja S., additional, Galí, Martí, additional, Thomas, Jennie L., additional, von Salzen, Knut, additional, Wentzell, Jeremy J. B., additional, Willis, Megan D., additional, Wentworth, Gregory R., additional, Xu, Jun-Wei, additional, and Yakobi-Hancock, Jacqueline D., additional

Published
2018
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121. New insights into aerosol and climate in the Arctic

Author

Abbatt, Jonathan P. D., primary, Leaitch, W. Richard, additional, Aliabadi, Amir A., additional, Bertram, Alan K., additional, Blanchet, Jean-Pierre, additional, Boivin-Rioux, Aude, additional, Bozem, Heiko, additional, Burkart, Julia, additional, Chang, Rachel Y. W., additional, Charette, Joannie, additional, Chaubey, Jai P., additional, Christensen, Robert J., additional, Cirisan, Ana, additional, Collins, Douglas B., additional, Croft, Betty, additional, Dionne, Joelle, additional, Evans, Greg J., additional, Fletcher, Christopher G., additional, Ghahreman, Roya, additional, Girard, Eric, additional, Gong, Wanmin, additional, Gosselin, Michel, additional, Gourdal, Margaux, additional, Hanna, Sarah J., additional, Hayashida, Hakase, additional, Herber, Andreas B., additional, Hesaraki, Sareh, additional, Hoor, Peter, additional, Huang, Lin, additional, Hussherr, Rachel, additional, Irish, Victoria E., additional, Keita, Setigui A., additional, Kodros, John K., additional, Köllner, Franziska, additional, Kolonjari, Felicia, additional, Kunkel, Daniel, additional, Ladino, Luis A., additional, Law, Kathy, additional, Levasseur, Maurice, additional, Libois, Quentin, additional, Liggio, John, additional, Lizotte, Martine, additional, Macdonald, Katrina M., additional, Mahmood, Rashed, additional, Martin, Randall V., additional, Mason, Ryan H., additional, Miller, Lisa A., additional, Moravek, Alexander, additional, Mortenson, Eric, additional, Mungall, Emma L., additional, Murphy, Jennifer G., additional, Namazi, Maryam, additional, Norman, Ann-Lise, additional, O'Neill, Norman T., additional, Pierce, Jeffrey R., additional, Russell, Lynn M., additional, Schneider, Johannes, additional, Schulz, Hannes, additional, Sharma, Sangeeta, additional, Si, Meng, additional, Staebler, Ralf M., additional, Steiner, Nadja S., additional, Galí, Martí, additional, Thomas, Jennie L., additional, von Salzen, Knut, additional, Wentzell, Jeremy J. B., additional, Willis, Megan D., additional, Wentworth, Gregory R., additional, Xu, Jun-Wei, additional, and Yakobi-Hancock, Jacqueline D., additional

Published
2018
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122. Revisiting properties and concentrations of ice nucleating particles in the sea surface microlayer and bulk seawater in the Canadian Arctic during summer

Author

Irish, Victoria E., primary, Hanna, Sarah, additional, Xi, Yu, additional, Boyer, Matthew, additional, Polishchuk, Elena, additional, Chen, Jessie, additional, Abbatt, Jonathan P. D., additional, Gosselin, Michel, additional, Chang, Rachel, additional, Miller, Lisa, additional, and Bertram, Allan K., additional

Published
2018
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123. Supplementary material to &quot;Revisiting properties and concentrations of ice nucleating particles in the sea surface microlayer and bulk seawater in the Canadian Arctic during summer&quot;

Author

Irish, Victoria E., primary, Hanna, Sarah, additional, Xi, Yu, additional, Boyer, Matthew, additional, Polishchuk, Elena, additional, Chen, Jessie, additional, Abbatt, Jonathan P. D., additional, Gosselin, Michel, additional, Chang, Rachel, additional, Miller, Lisa, additional, and Bertram, Allan K., additional

Published
2018
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124. Contrasting effects of acidification and warming on dimethylsulfide concentrations during a temperate estuarine fall bloom mesocosm experiment

Author

Bénard, Robin, primary, Levasseur, Maurice, additional, Scarratt, Michael, additional, Michaud, Sonia, additional, Starr, Michel, additional, Mucci, Alfonso, additional, Ferreyra, Gustavo, additional, Gosselin, Michel, additional, Tremblay, Jean-Éric, additional, Lizotte, Martine, additional, and Yang, Gui-Peng, additional

Published
2018
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128. Frequent ultrafine particle formation and growth in Canadian Arctic marine and coastal environments

Author

Collins, Douglas B., primary, Burkart, Julia, additional, Chang, Rachel Y.-W., additional, Lizotte, Martine, additional, Boivin-Rioux, Aude, additional, Blais, Marjolaine, additional, Mungall, Emma L., additional, Boyer, Matthew, additional, Irish, Victoria E., additional, Massé, Guillaume, additional, Kunkel, Daniel, additional, Tremblay, Jean-Éric, additional, Papakyriakou, Tim, additional, Bertram, Allan K., additional, Bozem, Heiko, additional, Gosselin, Michel, additional, Levasseur, Maurice, additional, and Abbatt, Jonathan P. D., additional

Published
2017
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132. Ice-nucleating particles in Canadian Arctic sea-surface microlayer and bulk seawater

Author

Irish, Victoria E., primary, Elizondo, Pablo, additional, Chen, Jessie, additional, Chou, Cédric, additional, Charette, Joannie, additional, Lizotte, Martine, additional, Ladino, Luis A., additional, Wilson, Theodore W., additional, Gosselin, Michel, additional, Murray, Benjamin J., additional, Polishchuk, Elena, additional, Abbatt, Jonathan P. D., additional, Miller, Lisa A., additional, and Bertram, Allan K., additional

Published
2017
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133. Supplementary material to "Frequent Ultrafine Particle Formation and Growth in the Canadian Arctic Marine Environment"

Author

Collins, Douglas B., primary, Burkart, Julia, additional, Chang, Rachel Y.-W., additional, Lizotte, Martine, additional, Boivin-Rioux, Aude, additional, Blais, Marjolaine, additional, Mungall, Emma L., additional, Boyer, Matthew, additional, Irish, Victoria E., additional, Massé, Guillaume, additional, Kunkel, Daniel, additional, Tremblay, Jean-Éric, additional, Papakyriakou, Tim, additional, Bertram, Allan K., additional, Bozem, Heiko, additional, Gosselin, Michel, additional, Levasseur, Maurice, additional, and Abbatt, Jonathan P. D., additional

Published
2017
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134. Frequent Ultrafine Particle Formation and Growth in the Canadian Arctic Marine Environment

Author

Collins, Douglas B., primary, Burkart, Julia, additional, Chang, Rachel Y.-W., additional, Lizotte, Martine, additional, Boivin-Rioux, Aude, additional, Blais, Marjolaine, additional, Mungall, Emma L., additional, Boyer, Matthew, additional, Irish, Victoria E., additional, Massé, Guillaume, additional, Kunkel, Daniel, additional, Tremblay, Jean-Éric, additional, Papakyriakou, Tim, additional, Bertram, Allan K., additional, Bozem, Heiko, additional, Gosselin, Michel, additional, Levasseur, Maurice, additional, and Abbatt, Jonathan P. D., additional

Published
2017
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135. Impact of ocean acidification on Arctic phytoplankton blooms and dimethyl sulfide concentration under simulated ice-free and under-ice conditions

Author

Hussherr, Rachel, primary, Levasseur, Maurice, additional, Lizotte, Martine, additional, Tremblay, Jean-Éric, additional, Mol, Jacoba, additional, Thomas, Helmuth, additional, Gosselin, Michel, additional, Starr, Michel, additional, Miller, Lisa A., additional, Jarniková, Tereza, additional, Schuback, Nina, additional, and Mucci, Alfonso, additional

Published
2017
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136. Supplementary material to "Ice nucleating particles in Canadian Arctic sea–surface microlayer and bulk seawater"

Author

Irish, Victoria E., primary, Elizondo, Pablo, additional, Chen, Jessie, additional, Chou, Cédric, additional, Charette, Joannie, additional, Lizotte, Martine, additional, Ladino, Luis A., additional, Wilson, Theodore W., additional, Gosselin, Michel, additional, Murray, Benjamin J., additional, Polishchuk, Elena, additional, Abbatt, Jonathan P. D., additional, Miller, Lisa A., additional, and Bertram, Allan K., additional

Published
2017
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137. A model-based analysis of physical and biological controls on ice algal and pelagic primary production in Resolute Passage

Author

Mortenson, Eric, primary, Hayashida, Hakase, additional, Steiner, Nadja, additional, Monahan, Adam, additional, Blais, Marjolaine, additional, Gale, Matthew A., additional, Galindo, Virginie, additional, Gosselin, Michel, additional, Hu, Xianmin, additional, Lavoie, Diane, additional, and Mundy, Christopher John, additional

Published
2017
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138. Impact of ocean acidification on Arctic phytoplankton blooms and dimethylsulfide production under simulated ice-free and under-ice conditions

Author

Hussherr, Rachel, primary, Levasseur, Maurice, additional, Lizotte, Martine, additional, Tremblay, Jean-Éric, additional, Mol, Jacoba, additional, Thomas, Hemuth, additional, Gosselin, Michel, additional, Starr, Michel, additional, Miller, Lisa A., additional, Jarniková, Tereza, additional, Schuback, Nina, additional, and Mucci, Alfonso, additional

Published
2016
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139. Phytoplankton and dimethylsulfide dynamics at two contrasting Arctic ice edges.

Author

Lizotte, Martine, Levasseur, Maurice, Galindo, Virginie, Gourdal, Margaux, Gosselin, Michel, Tremblay, Jean-éric, Blais, Marjolaine, Charette, Joannie, and Hussherr, Rachel

Subjects
ALGAL blooms, ICE, ARCTIC climate, WATER, PHYTOPLANKTON, EDGES (Geometry), SEA ice
Abstract

Arctic sea ice is retreating, thinning and its rate of decline has steepened in the last decades. While phytoplankton blooms are known to seasonally propagate along the ice edge as it recedes from spring to summer, the substitution of thick multi-year ice (MYI) with thinner, ponded first-year ice (FYI) represents an unequal exchange when considering the roles sea ice plays in the ecology and climate of the Arctic. Consequences of this shifting sea ice on the phenology of phytoplankton and the associated cycling of the climate-relevant gas dimethylsulfide (DMS) and its precursor dimethylsulfoniopropionate (DMSP) remain ill constrained. In July-August 2014, two contrasting ice edges in the Canadian High Arctic were explored: a FYI-dominated ice edge in Barrow Strait and a MYI-dominated ice edge in Nares Strait. Our results reveal two distinct planktonic systems and associated DMS dynamics in connection to these diverging ice types. The surface waters exiting the ponded FYI in Barrow Strait were characterized by moderate chlorophyll a (Chl a, < 2.1 µg L-1) as well as high DMSP (115 nmol L-1) and DMS (12 nmol L-1) suggesting that a bloom had already started to develop under the markedly melt pond-covered (ca. 40%) FYI. Heightened DMS concentrations at the FYI edge were strongly related with ice-associated seeding of DMS in surface waters and haline-driven stratification linked to ice melt (Spearman's rank correlation between DMS and salinity, rs = 0.91, p < 0.001, n = 20). However, surface waters exiting the MYI edge at the head of Nares Strait were characterized by low concentrations of Chl a (< 0.5 µg L-1), DMSP (< 16 nmol L-1) and DMS (< 0.4 nmol L-1), despite the nutrient-replete conditions characterizing the surface waters. The increase in autotrophic biomass and methylated sulfur compounds took place several km (ca. 100 km) away from the MYI ice edge suggesting the requisite for ice-free, light-sufficient conditions for a phytoplankton bloom to fully develop and for sulfur compound dynamics to follow and expand. In light of the ongoing and projected climate-driven changes to Arctic sea ice, results from this study suggest that the early onset of autotrophic blooms under thinner, melt pond-covered ice may have vast implications for the timing and magnitude of DMS pulses in the Arctic. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2019
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141. En route et pas de sentiment : Anne Hébert, entre Paris et Montréal

Author

Gosselin, Michel, Gosselin, Michel, Gosselin, Michel, and Gosselin, Michel

Abstract

Anne Hébert, entre Paris et Montréal. Le pâtissier, le presseur, le libraire, la vendeuse de journaux, chacun a droit à la même formule d'introduction et moi, à la même phrase de départ. Je n'ose lui demander si ses adieux achèvent quand nous entrons à la pharmacie. ? Non, je ne prends rien aujourd'hui, je viens juste vous saluer avant mon retour définitif au Canada, mardi. Aussitôt la pharmacienne, étonnée, écarquille les yeux. Elle hésite entre les larmes et la parole. ? C'est vrai, madame Hébert? Vous retournez au Canada? Pour toujours? Elle fait signe à son assistante de la remplacer et rejoint madame Hébert. ? Pourquoi ne m'en avez-vous rien dit la semaine dernière quand vous êtes venue chercher vos médicaments pour six mois? [?] Pourquoi ne m'avez-vous rien dit? insiste-t-elle d'une voix tremblante. Les deux femmes se considèrent avec affection, l'une pourrait être la grand-mère de l'autre. ? Je ne peux pas le croire, madame Hébert, je ne veux pas le croire, ajoute-t-elle en l'étreignant, la voix cassée. [?] ? Je vous donnerai des nouvelles de mon lointain Canada, lui promet-elle simplement, comme si elle désirait mettre fin à ce trop-plein d'émotions. Le visage défait, la pharmacienne enlace de nouveau madame Hébert [?]. ? En route et pas de sentiment, murmure-t-elle en me prenant le bras. Témoin privilégié des dernières années de la vie d'Anne Hébert, Michel Gosselin brosse ici un portrait saisissant de cette écrivaine exceptionnelle dont le génie littéraire imprègne la littérature québécoise et francophone depuis ses premiers écrits. L'auteur a déjà publié quatre romans dont La fin des jeux, une dizaine de dramatiques radiophoniques, de même qu'un essai sur la scénarisation télévisuelle. Sous son impulsion, le Centre d'études Anne-Hébert voit le jour à l'Université de Sherbrooke en 1998.

Published
2010

145. Methods for biogeochemical studies of sea ice : the state of the art, caveats, and recommendations

Author

Miller, Lisa A., Fripiat, Francois, Else, Brent G.T., Bowman, Jeff S., Brown, Kristina A., Collins, R. Eric, Ewert, Marcela, Fransson, Agneta, Gosselin, Michel, Lannuzel, Delphine, Meiners, Klaus M., Michel, Christine, Nishioka, Jun, Nomura, Daiki, Papadimitriou, Stathys, Russell, Lynn M., Sørensen, Lise Lotte, Thomas, David N., Tison, Jean-Louis, van Leeuwe, Maria A., Vancoppenolle, Martin, Wolff, Eric W., Zhou, Jiayun, Miller, Lisa A., Fripiat, Francois, Else, Brent G.T., Bowman, Jeff S., Brown, Kristina A., Collins, R. Eric, Ewert, Marcela, Fransson, Agneta, Gosselin, Michel, Lannuzel, Delphine, Meiners, Klaus M., Michel, Christine, Nishioka, Jun, Nomura, Daiki, Papadimitriou, Stathys, Russell, Lynn M., Sørensen, Lise Lotte, Thomas, David N., Tison, Jean-Louis, van Leeuwe, Maria A., Vancoppenolle, Martin, Wolff, Eric W., and Zhou, Jiayun

Abstract

Over the past two decades, with recognition that the ocean’s sea-ice cover is neither insensitive to climate change nor a barrier to light and matter, research in sea-ice biogeochemistry has accelerated significantly, bringing together a multi-disciplinary community from a variety of fields. This disciplinary diversity has contributed a wide range of methodological techniques and approaches to sea-ice studies, complicating comparisons of the results and the development of conceptual and numerical models to describe the important biogeochemical processes occurring in sea ice. Almost all chemical elements, compounds, and biogeochemical processes relevant to Earth system science are measured in sea ice, with published methods available for determining biomass, pigments, net community production, primary production, bacterial activity, macronutrients, numerous natural and anthropogenic organic compounds, trace elements, reactive and inert gases, sulfur species, the carbon dioxide system parameters, stable isotopes, and water-ice-atmosphere fluxes of gases, liquids, and solids. For most of these measurements, multiple sampling and processing techniques are available, but to date there has been little intercomparison or intercalibration between methods. In addition, researchers collect different types of ancillary data and document their samples differently, further confounding comparisons between studies. These problems are compounded by the heterogeneity of sea ice, in which even adjacent cores can have dramatically different biogeochemical compositions. We recommend that, in future investigations, researchers design their programs based on nested sampling patterns, collect a core suite of ancillary measurements, and employ a standard approach for sample identification and documentation. In addition, intercalibration exercises are most critically needed for measurements of biomass, primary production, nutrients, dissolved and particulate organic matter (including exopol

Published
2015

146. Inorganic carbon system dynamics in landfast Arctic sea ice during the early-melt period

Author

Brown, Kristina A., Miller, Lisa A., Mundy, Christopher J., Papakyriakou, Tim, Francois, Roger, Gosselin, Michel, Carnat, Gauthier, Swystun, Kyle, Tortell, Philippe D., Brown, Kristina A., Miller, Lisa A., Mundy, Christopher J., Papakyriakou, Tim, Francois, Roger, Gosselin, Michel, Carnat, Gauthier, Swystun, Kyle, and Tortell, Philippe D.

Abstract

Author Posting. © American Geophysical Union, 2015. This article is posted here by permission of American Geophysical Union for personal use, not for redistribution. The definitive version was published in Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans 120 (2015): 3542-3566, doi:10.1002/2014JC010620., We present the results of a 6 week time series of carbonate system and stable isotope measurements investigating the effects of sea ice on air-sea CO2 exchange during the early melt period in the Canadian Arctic Archipelago. Our observations revealed significant changes in sea ice and sackhole brine carbonate system parameters that were associated with increasing temperatures and the buildup of chlorophyll a in bottom ice. The warming sea-ice column could be separated into distinct geochemical zones where biotic and abiotic processes exerted different influences on inorganic carbon and pCO2 distributions. In the bottom ice, biological carbon uptake maintained undersaturated pCO2 conditions throughout the time series, while pCO2 was supersaturated in the upper ice. Low CO2 permeability of the sea ice matrix and snow cover effectively impeded CO2 efflux to the atmosphere, despite a strong pCO2 gradient. Throughout the middle of the ice column, brine pCO2 decreased significantly with time and was tightly controlled by solubility, as sea ice temperature and in situ melt dilution increased. Once the influence of melt dilution was accounted for, both CaCO3 dissolution and seawater mixing were found to contribute alkalinity and dissolved inorganic carbon to brines, with the CaCO3 contribution driving brine pCO2 to values lower than predicted from melt-water dilution alone. This field study reveals a dynamic carbon system within the rapidly warming sea ice, prior to snow melt. We suggest that the early spring period drives the ice column toward pCO2 undersaturation, contributing to a weak atmospheric CO2 sink as the melt period advances., We acknowledge support from the Polar Continental Shelf Program (PCSP) of Natural Resources Canada, the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada, the Northern Scientific Training Program, Canada Economic Development, and Fisheries and Oceans Canada., 2015-11-19

Published
2015

148. Ecology of a subarctic river and its associated estuary: The Great Whale River ecosystem

Author

Nozais, Christian, Vincent, Warwick, Bezile, Claude, Gosselin, Michel, and Archambault, Philippe

Abstract

The available information is reviewed and synthesized on the following aspects of the Great Whale River and the area of southeastern Hudson Bay (SEHB) influenced by its freshwater plume: (1) distribution of salinity, water masses, freshwater discharge and ice cover; (2) distribution of carbon and nutrients; (3) plankton abundance, biomass, production and assemblages; (4) abundance, production and diversity of the sea ice ecosystem; (5) benthic abundance and diversity; (6) fish diversity; (7) marine mammals; and (8) global warming impacts on freshwater and marine environments. This synthesis may provide an ecological basis for the integrated management of the Great Whale River ecosystem, and for other rivers in the subarctic region, especially in the context of the ‘Plan Nord’ of the Quebec government.

Published
2013
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149. Revisiting properties and concentrations of ice nucleating particles in the sea surface microlayer and bulk seawater in the Canadian Arctic during summer.

Author

Irish, Victoria E., Hanna, Sarah, Yu Xi, Boyer, Matthew, Polishchuk, Elena, Jessie Chen, Abbatt, Jonathan P. D., Gosselin, Michel, Rachel Chang, Miller, Lisa, and Bertram, Allan K.

Abstract

Despite growing evidence that the ocean is an important source of ice nucleating particles (INPs) in the atmosphere, our understanding of the properties and concentrations of INPs in ocean surface waters remain limited. We have investigated the properties and concentrations of INPs in sea surface microlayer and bulk seawater samples collected in the Canadian Arctic during the summer of 2016. We observed that 1) INPs were ubiquitous in the microlayer and bulk waters; 2) heat and filtration treatments reduced INP activity, indicating that the INPs were likely heat-labile biological materials between 0.2 and 0.02 μm in diameter; 3) there was a strong negative correlation between salinity and freezing temperatures, possibly due to INPs associated with melting sea ice; and 4) concentrations of INPs could not be explained by satellite-derived chlorophyll a concentrations. Although the spatial patterns of INPs and salinities were similar in 2014 and 2016, we did observe some differences between the years, notably: 1) the concentrations of INPs were higher on average in 2016 compared to 2014; and 2) INP concentrations were enhanced in the microlayer compared to bulk seawater in several samples collected in 2016, which was not the case in 2014. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2018
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150. Contrasting effects of acidification and warming on dimethylsulfide concentrations during a temperate estuarine fall bloom mesocosm experiment.

Author

Bénard, Robin, Levasseur, Maurice, Scarratt, Michael, Michaud, Sonia, Starr, Michel, Mucci, Alfonso, Ferreyra, Gustavo, Gosselin, Michel, Tremblay, Jean-Éric, Lizotte, Martine, and Gui-Peng Yang

Subjects
OCEAN acidification, GLOBAL warming, DIATOMS, DIMETHYL sulfide, HYDROGEN ions, BACTERIAL metabolism
Abstract

The effects of ocean acidification and warming on the concentrations of dimethylsulfoniopropionate (DMSP) and dimethylsulfide (DMS) were investigated during a mesocosm experiment in the Lower St. Lawrence Estuary (LSLE) in the fall of 2014. Twelve mesocosms covering a range of pHT (pH on the total hydrogen ion concentration scale) from 8.0 to 7.2, corresponding to a range of CO2 partial pressures (pCO2) from 440 to 2900 μatm, at two temperatures (in situ and +5 °C; 10 °C and 15 °C) was monitored during 13 days. All mesocosms were characterized by the rapid development of a diatom bloom dominated by Skeletonema costatum, followed by its decline upon the exhaustion of nitrate and silicic acid. Neither the acidification nor the warming resulted in a significant impact on the abundance of bacteria over the experiment. However, warming the water by 5 °C resulted in a significant increase of the average bacterial production (BP) in all 15 °C mesocosms as compared to 10 °C, with no detectable effect of pCO2 on BP. Variations in total DMSP (DMSPt = particulate + dissolved DMSP) concentrations tracked the development of the bloom although the rise in DMSPt persisted for a few days after the peaks in chlorophyll a. Average concentrations of DMSPt were not affected by acidification or warming. Initially low concentrations of DMS (< 1 nmol L-1) increased to reach peak values ranging from 30 to 130 nmol L-1 towards the end of the experiment. Increasing the pCO2 reduced the averaged DMS concentrations by 66% and 69% at 10 °C and 15 °C, respectively, over the duration of the experiment. On the other hand, a 5 °C warming increased DMS concentrations by an average of 240% as compared to in situ temperature, resulting in a positive offset of the adverse pCO2 impact. Significant positive correlations found between bacterial production rates and concentrations of DMS throughout our experiment point towards temperature-associated enhancement of bacterial DMSP metabolism as a likely driver for the mitigating effect of warming on the negative impact of acidification on the net production of DMS in the LSLE and potentially the global ocean. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2018
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