144 results on '"Gordijn, Ernestine"'
Search Results
102. Autrui ne serait-il pas plus biaisé que moi ? Le cas des relations franco-américaines
- Author
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Muller, Dominique, primary, Yzerbyt, Vincent, additional, M. Judd, Charles, additional, Park, Bernadette, additional, and H. Gordijn, Ernestine, additional
- Published
- 2005
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
103. Frame-and-Compare Evaluation (FACE) model of affective person judgment
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Ruys, Kirsten, primary, Spears, Russell, additional, Gordijn, Ernestine, additional, and de Vries, Nanne, additional
- Published
- 2004
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
104. Attitudinal and behavioral consequences of charisma and thinking about your own death
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Gordijn, Ernestine, primary and Stapel, Diederik, additional
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- 2004
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105. I feel for us: The impact of categorization and identification on emotions and action tendencies
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Yzerbyt, Vincent, primary, Dumont, Muriel, additional, Wigboldus, Daniel, additional, and Gordijn, Ernestine, additional
- Published
- 2003
- Full Text
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106. Meta-stereotypes and meta-prejudice: Some suggestions for future research
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Gordijn, Ernestine H., primary
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- 2002
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107. Emotional Consequences of Categorizing Victims of Negative Outgroup Behavior as Ingroup or Outgroup
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Gordijn, Ernestine H., primary, Wigboldus, Daniël, additional, and Yzerbyt, Vincent, additional
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- 2001
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
108. Devil’s Advocate or Advocate of Oneself: Effects of Numerical Support on Proand Counterattitudinal Self-Persuasion
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Gordijn, Ernestine H., primary, Postmes, Tom, additional, and de Vries, Nanne K., additional
- Published
- 2001
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
109. Communicating the right emotion makes violence seem less wrong: Power-congruent emotions lead outsiders to legitimize violence of powerless and powerful groups in intractable conflict.
- Author
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Kamans, Elanor, van Zomeren, Martijn, Gordijn, Ernestine H., and Postmes, Tom
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EMOTIONS ,VIOLENCE ,INTERGROUP relations ,COMMUNICATION ,LEGITIMATION (Sociology) ,JUSTICE ,SOCIAL psychology - Abstract
In intractable intergroup conflicts, groups often try to frame intergroup violence as legitimate through the use of emotional appeals. Two experiments demonstrate that outsiders’ perception of which emotion conflict parties communicate influences the extent to which they legitimize their violence. Results show that although outsiders typically give more leeway to powerless groups because of their “underdog” status, communicating power-congruent emotions qualifies this effect; observers legitimize intergroup violence most when powerless groups communicate fear and when powerful groups communicate anger. This is because fear communicates that the group is a victim that cannot be blamed for their violence, whereas anger communicates that the group is wronged and thus their violence seems righteous and moral. Results further show that sympathy for the powerless appears to be a more fragile basis for legitimization of violence than the moral high ground for the powerful. We discuss the theoretical and practical implications of these findings. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]
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- 2014
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110. Convergent and divergent processing of majority and minority arguments: effects on focal and related attitudes
- Author
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De Dreu, Carsten K. W., primary, De Vries, Nanne K., additional, Gordijn, Ernestine H., additional, and Schuurman, Mieke S., additional
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- 1999
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111. Majority and Minority Influence: A Dual Role Interpretation
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De Vries, Nanne K., primary, De Dreu, Carsten K. W., additional, Gordijn, Ernestine, additional, and Schuurman, Mieke, additional
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- 1996
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112. Conversational flow and entitativity: The role of status.
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Koudenburg, Namkje, Postmes, Tom, and Gordijn, Ernestine H.
- Abstract
This study examines the process by which perceptions of conversational flow foster an emergent sense of group entitativity. We propose that conversational flow influences more than just the quality of interpersonal relations: it signals entitativity - social unity at the group level. We predicted that when conversations are intermitted by brief silences after a target has spoken, this is perceived as disruptive for targets of low social status within the group: For low-status group members, such pauses raise concerns over respect and inclusion. However, for high-status group members, a similar intermission may be interpreted as an acknowledgement of their distinctive position in the group, and may therefore bolster the hierarchy and unity of the group. Two experiments support these hypotheses. Study 1 ( N = 77) manipulated status in conversations of a target participant with confederates. Study 2 ( N = 138) replicates the effect among participants who watch a videotaped conversation. Both studies show the predicted pattern, and suggest that belonging (Study 1) and perceived respect (Study 2) may mediate effects of condition on perceptions of group entitativity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2012
- Full Text
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113. Power and threat in intergroup conflict: How emotional and behavioral responses depend on amount and content of threat.
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Kamans, Elanor, Otten, Sabine, and Gordijn, Ernestine H.
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INTERGROUP relations ,THREAT (Psychology) ,EMOTIONS ,ANGER ,FEAR ,AVOIDANCE (Psychology) ,POWER (Social sciences) - Abstract
We propose that in intergroup conflict threat content is important in understanding the reactions of those who experience threats the most: the powerless. Studies 1 and 2 show that powerless groups experience more threat than powerful groups, resulting in the experience of both more anger and fear. Threat content determines which emotions elicit behavior that adequately deals with the situation. When confronted with a physically threatening outgroup, fear elicits an avoidance reaction in powerless groups (Study 1). When valuable resources are threatened, anger makes powerless group members want to confront the outgroup, at least when they strongly identify with their group (Study 2). Study 3 replicates the finding that threat content determines which emotions are functional in directing behavior. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2011
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114. Imitation of emotion: When meaning leads to aversion.
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van der Velde, Sytske W., Stapel, Diederik A., and Gordijn, Ernestine H.
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IMITATIVE behavior ,PHILOSOPHY of emotions ,FACIAL expression ,AVERSION ,SOCIAL psychology research - Abstract
Can imitation lead to less liking? Previous research on mimicry and imitation suggests that imitation should lead to more liking, at least when it concerns neutral behaviours. In the present studies, we looked at behaviour with a clear message: Facial expressions. As predicted, we found in two studies that an affiliative facial expression (happiness) leads to more liking when imitated, whereas a non-affiliative facial expression (anger) leads to less liking when imitated. Thus, imitating someone does not always lead to more liking: Imitating behaviour that communicates an unfriendly message can have negative consequences. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2010
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115. Iron ladies, men of steel: The effects of gender stereotyping on the perception of male and female candidates are moderated by prototypicality.
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Lammers, Joris, Gordijn, Ernestine H., and Otten, Sabine
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SOCIOLOGICAL research , *WOMEN in politics , *GENDER stereotypes , *STEREOTYPES , *SEX discrimination , *CORRUPT practices in elections , *REPRESENTATIVE government , *POLITICAL candidates , *VOTERS - Abstract
Women remain a minority in politics. In nearly all countries, including parliamentary democracies, women are still underrepresented in national parliament and other representative institutions. Research has argued that there is a bias against women in elections. Here we study the process behind this phenomenon by investigating the effect of a candidate's gender and gender prototypicality on judgment of the suitability of this candidate in elections. The first experiment shows that when voters think topics that stereotypically demand male characteristics (e.g., competitiveness) are important, they prefer male candidates, while they prefer female candidates when topics that stereotypically demand female characteristics (e.g., pro-sociability) are important. Experiment 2 replicates this and shows that this effect is fully reversed for counterprototypical (i.e., in physical appearance) candidates. This supports a stereotyping as prediction account, and has important theoretical and practical implications. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2009
- Full Text
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116. When controversial leaders with charisma are effective: the influence of terror on the need for vision and impact of mixed attitudinal messages.
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Gordijn, Ernestine H. and Stapel, Diederik A.
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LEADERSHIP , *CHARISMATIC authority , *TERRORISM , *TERRORISTS , *ATTITUDE (Psychology) , *VISUAL perception , *SOCIAL psychology , *EXPERIMENTAL design , *RESEARCH methodology - Abstract
We investigated the idea that a charismatic leader with a controversial message is most likely to persuade people in times of terror, because in those times people have a high need for vision, and vision is what a charismatic leader provides. In addition, we argued that the leader's message should contain a pro-attitudinal position as well, as this makes the counter-attitudinal message more palatable. In line with our hypotheses, we found in Experiment 1 that thinking about terrorism increases people's need for vision. Experiment 2 revealed that only when people have a high need for vision they will be influenced by a controversial charismatic leader. Experiment 3 showed that existential threats also directly increase the influence of a controversial charismatic leader. Further, this was especially so when the charismatic leader was both attractive and communicated his message in a charismatic way. Finally, Experiment 4 revealed that after thinking about their own death or about terrorist attacks, people were most likely to be persuaded by a controversial charismatic leader whose counter-attitudinal message also contained pro-attitudinal statements. Together, this research suggests that in times of terror people's need for vision increases, which opens them up to a counter-attitudinal message of a charismatic leader as long as this message also includes some pro-attitudinal statements. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2008
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117. Power Increases Social Distance
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Lammers, Joris, Galinsky, Adam D., Gordijn, Ernestine H., and Otten, Sabine
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Five experiments investigated the effect of power on social distance. Although increased social distance has been suggested to be an underlying mechanism for a number of the effects of power, there is little empirical evidence directly supporting this claim. Our first three experiments found that power increases social distance toward others. In addition, these studies demonstrated that this effect is (a) mediated by self-sufficiency and (b) moderated by the perceived legitimacy of power—only when power is seen as legitimate, does it increase social distance. The final two studies build off research showing that social distance is linked to decreased altruism and find an interaction between power and legitimacy on willingness to help others. The authors propose that the concept of social distance offers a synthesizing lens that integrates seemingly disparate findings in the power literature and explains how power can both corrupt and elevate.
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- 2012
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118. ‘We’ have a ‘right’ to be angry: Perceived consensus and legitimacy increase our empathy for the angry outgroup
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de Vos, Bart, Gordijn, Ernestine, van Zomeren, Martijn, Postmes, Tom, and Social Psychology
119. Societal discontent as a catalyst for action: explaining protest and solidarity, why we help and protest
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Gootjes, Frank, Gordijn, Ernestine, Postmes, Tom, Kuppens, Toon, and Social Psychology
- Abstract
Throughout modern democracies, citizens are concerned with how their society is functioning. They frequently lament an erosion of moral norms, voice a lack of trust in the government, and believe society is in decline. They are worried about the collective “us” which they perceive as disintegrating, as about to collapse in the near future. This dissertation aims to further develop the current understanding of societal discontent as a psychological construct: how can this societal discontent be described and what consequences does it have for behaviour? Societal discontent appears to play an important role in how people perceive events in society. In this dissertation, each chapter contributes to understanding this phenomenon by focusing on different aspects of societal discontent: what is societal discontent, how does it influence the reaction to societal events, and which behaviours is it related to. Based on the chapters, I conclude that societal discontent can be best described as a negative sentiment about society at large which colours the interpretation of societal events by linking the event to the broad sentiment about society. This way, it amplifies the response to the societal event and can act as a catalyst for behaviour.
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- 2023
120. An experimental approach to group growth: When boundaries between performers and observers are breached
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van Mourik Broekman, Aafke, Postmes, Tom, Gordijn, Ernestine, Koudenburg, Namkje, Spears, Russell, Rimé, B., Sebanz, N., and Social Psychology
- Abstract
Hoe groeien groepen? Hoewel er veel literatuur is over het ontwikkelen van saamhorigheid onder actieve leden van de groep, is er, voor zover bij ons bekend, geen empirisch onderzoek naar de manier waarop groepen groeien. Toch zijn er veel situaties waarin de acties van een kleine groep interacterende individuen omstanders sociaal lijken te beïnvloeden. Denk bijvoorbeeld aan een protest op straat, een concert, een voorstelling of een sportcompetitie. In al deze voorbeelden kan publiek zich psychologisch laten meeslepen in de acties van de betreffende groep (demonstranten, artiesten, atleten). Het lijkt erop dat wanneer een groep in staat is om een gevoel van saamhorigheid uit te drukken, solidariteit kan worden overgedragen van actieve groepsleden naar “passieve” waarnemers. We onderzochten de psychologische processen die aan dit fenomeen ten grondslag liggen. We richtten ons specifiek op hoe fysieke interactie (bijvoorbeeld dans) binnen een actieve groep solidariteit kan uitstralen en hoe dit op zijn beurt de ontwikkeling van een relatie tussen waarnemer en groep kan beïnvloeden. Onze verwachting was, en het onderzoek bevestigde dit, dat men geen interactie met de betreffende groep hoeft te hebben om verbondenheid of betrokkenheid te ervaren. Deze bevindingen dragen bij aan het begrip van hoe groepsgrenzen kunnen verschuiven van een actieve groep, naar individuen die objectief gezien buitenstaanders zijn. Het blootleggen van de sociaal-psychologische mechanismen die ten grondslag liggen aan dergelijke processen van groepsuitbreiding, biedt inzicht in de sociale functie van groepsactiviteiten die groepsbinding lijken te faciliteren, zoals collectieve rituelen, podiumkunsten, festivals, sport, enzovoort.
- Published
- 2018
121. More than a feeling: strategic emotion expression in intergroup conflicts
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Sasse, Julia, Spears, Russell, Gordijn, Ernestine, and Social Psychology
- Abstract
Er zijn veel verschillende vormen van conflict, maar een aspect wat vrijwel alle conflicten delen is dat ze verschillende – veelal negatieve – emoties teweeg brengen. Deze emoties zijn geen ‘bijproducten’ van een conflict maar geven het conflict vorm: Hoe we ons voelen beïnvloedt hoe we ons gedragen en de emoties die we uiten beïnvloedt hoe anderen reageren (de Vos et al., 2013; Kamans et al., 2014; Smith & Mackie, 2008). In dit proefschrift onderzocht ik of dit betekent dat emoties strategisch geuit kunnen worden, dus om de reacties van anderen te beïnvloeden. Ik stelde twee aspecten van strategische emotie uiting voor, namelijk dat uiting en ervaring niet hetzelfde zijn en dat uiting sterker dan ervaring samenhangt met wenselijke doelen. Mijn onderzoek laat zien dat leden van benadeelde groepen verdriet en angst uitten (steun-vragende emoties) om steun van derden te activeren terwijl ze deze emoties afzwakten in communicatie met opponenten, wat logisch lijkt aangezien ze hier geen steun verwachtten. Het bagatelliseren van emoties heb ik ook in een tweede onderzoekslijn gevonden: Ik onderzocht de bereidheid van vrouwen om woede over seksistische opmerkingen te uiten en vond dat ze meer woede ervoeren dan ze wilden uiten, waarschijnlijk vanwege verwachte terugslag. Het blijkt lastig om de verschillen tussen emotie ervaring en uiting te overbruggen, wat impliceert dat overtuigingen over mogelijke consequenties van emotie uiting moeilijk te overkomen zijn. Dit proefschrift laat zien dat de emoties die men uit niet per se reflecteren wat men voelt maar daarentegen wat men wilt communiceren. de Vos, B., van Zomeren, M., Gordijn, E. H., & Postmes, T. (2013). The communication of “pure” group-based anger reduces tendencies toward intergroup conflict because it increases out-group empathy. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 39(8), 1043-1052. Kamans, E., van Zomeren, M., Gordijn, E. H., & Postmes, T. (2014). Communicating the right emotion makes violence seem less wrong: Power-congruent emotions lead outsiders to legitimize violence of powerless and powerful groups in intractable conflict. Group Processes & Intergroup Relations, 17(3), 286-305. Smith, E. R., & Mackie, D. M. (2008). Intergroup emotions. In M. Lewis, J.M. Haviland-Jones, & L. Feldman Barrett (Eds.), Handbook of emotions (pp. 428-439). New York: Guilford Press
- Published
- 2017
122. Communicating anger and contempt in intergroup conflict: Exploring their relational functions
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de Vos, Bartholomeus, Gordijn, Ernestine, Postmes, Tom, van Zomeren, Martijn, and Social Psychology
- Abstract
Although the experience of anger in intergroup conflict is typically viewed as a destructive force that is best kept under wraps, the current dissertation suggests that its communication can help de-escalate intergroup conflict because of its relational function. Specifically, this entails that the communication of group-based anger emphasizes the importance of maintaining a positive long-term intergroup relationship in the context of signaling perceived injustices. As such, the communication of group-based anger may serve as a plea to the out-group to empathize with the in-group’s plight and to engage in reconciliation. This dissertation demonstrated this relational function in three different ways. First, an outgroup communication of group-based anger (but not contempt) was found to lower ingroup destructive conflict intentions because it increased empathy for the outgroup. Second, two antecedents were identified that may underlie this process, namely that the anger is based on clear injustices caused by the ingroup and/or that the anger is clearly based in the outgroup as a whole (i.e., it is group-based). And finally, contrasting anger and contempt’s opposite relational functions showed that in history-laden conflicts anger is most effective when communicated as presently felt (‘contemporizing’ the conflict), rather than felt in the past, with the reverse being true for contempt. Taken together, results across different contexts, populations, and historical backgrounds provided converging evidence for the relational functions of communicating group-based anger and contempt and, particularly, underline the important role they can play in facilitating intergroup conflict de-escalation.
- Published
- 2015
123. Intragroup communication in intergroup conflict: Influences on social perception and cognition
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Greijdanus, Hedy Jeanette Elisabeth, Postmes, Tom, Gordijn, Ernestine, van Zomeren, Martijn, and Social Psychology
- Abstract
How we see ourselves and others depend largely on everyday conversations and informal chats. In these conversations, people like to talk about other people and groups – for instance, the perceptions that native Dutch have of non-native Dutch are typically developed in conversations in which non-native people are nor heard. This kind of seemingly harmless communication within groups can play a key role in the development of conflicts between social groups. In this process, perceptions of others are influenced not only by what people discuss (positive aspects) but also by how they discuss this (at individual or group level). This dissertation reveals that a positive conversation about a Moroccan-Dutch person such as Najob Amhali has little effect on the perception of Moroccan-Dutch people as a group. However, a positive conversation about how hospitable and caring Moroccan-Dutch people are as a group improves native Dutch’s perceptions of them. The negative consequences of social categorization can be countered best by mentioning the category’s positive characteristics. However, if people have a negative perception about a group, they by default tend to do exactly the opposite: Information that matches a stereotypic image is discussed at a group level, whereas information that does not match this stereotype is discussed in a more individualizing manner. This implies that natural conversation tendencies facilitate maintenance of stereotypes. The conclusion of this dissertation is that negative categorizing should be countered with positive categorizing.
- Published
- 2015
124. Captivated by fear: an evaluation of terrorism detention policy
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Veldhuis, Tinka, Lindenberg, Siegwart, Gordijn, Ernestine, Veenstra, René, and Sociology/ICS
- Abstract
Radicalisering in gevangenissen staat hoog op de publieke en politieke agenda in Europa. Verschillende landen, waaronder Nederland, proberen radicalisering en rekrutering onder gedetineerden tegen te gaan door terreurverdachten af te zonderen van de reguliere gevangenen en hen onder te brengen in aparte terroristenafdelingen. Het is echter onduidelijk waarop dergelijk beleid is gestoeld. Deze studie is een evaluatie van gevangenisbeleid voor terreurverdachten, gebaseerd op uitgebreid onderzoek onder beleidsmakers, gevangenispersoneel, en gedetineerden in Nederland. De resultaten laten zien dat er weinig bewijs is dat het bij elkaar plaatsen van extremisten helpt om radicalisering onder gedetineerden te bestrijden. Dergelijk beleid lijkt eerder een onder tijdsdruk tot stand gekomen reactie op maatschappelijke vrees voor terrorisme te zijn dan het resultaat van zorgvuldige overwegingen en analyses. Het is volstrekt onduidelijk of het risico op radicalisering onder gedetineerden inderdaad bestaat. Bovendien is het aannemelijk dat terroristenafdelingen negatieve bijwerkingen veroorzaken en uiteindelijk contraproductief zijn.
- Published
- 2015
125. Conversational Flow
- Author
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Koudenburg, Namkje, Postmes, Tom, Gordijn, Ernestine, Heymans Institute for Psychological Research, Faculty of Behavioural and Social Sciences, and Social Psychology
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Conversatie ,Proefschriften (vorm) ,communicatieprocessen - Abstract
Alledaagse interacties beïnvloeden sociale relaties. In gesprekken met vrienden of vreemden, met individuen of groepen, letten we vaak op wat er gezegd wordt. Maar onafhankelijk van de inhoud, kan de vorm van het gesprek ook een sterke invloed hebben op gevoelens van saamhorigheid. Dit onderzoek laat zien dat aspecten van het gesprek die op het eerste gezicht triviaal lijken, als belangrijke signalen kunnen dienen voor de kwaliteit van sociale relaties en de mate waarin we denken het onderling eens zijn. De kunst van het gesprek speelt daarmee een rol in het ontstaan, bedreigen, veranderen en bevestigen van sociale relaties en sociale realiteit.
- Published
- 2014
126. When the weak hit back: studies on the role of power in intergroup conflict
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Kamans, Eleanor, Gordijn, Ernestine, Otten, Sabine, Heymans Institute for Psychological Research, Faculty of Behavioural and Social Sciences, University of Groningen, and Social Psychology
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ComputingMethodologies_DOCUMENTANDTEXTPROCESSING ,GeneralLiterature_REFERENCE(e.g.,dictionaries,encyclopedias,glossaries) - Published
- 2010
127. Dealing with a deviant group member
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Braun-Ekker, Beatrix Margaretha, Gordijn, Ernestine, Otten, Sabine, Heymans Institute for Psychological Research, Faculty of Behavioural and Social Sciences, and University of Groningen
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groepsdynamica ,Proefschriften (vorm) ,Afwijkend gedrag - Published
- 2010
128. Dial E for emotion: context and consequences of emotion regulation
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Grob, Judith, Stapel, D.A., Gordijn, Ernestine, and Otten, Sabine
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Emoties, Expressie , Gelaatsuitdrukkingen Proefschriften (vo ,emoties - Published
- 2009
129. Self awareness
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Wiekens, C.J., Stapel, D.A., Gordijn, Ernestine, Otten, Sabine, and Social Psychology
- Published
- 2009
130. Imitation of emotion: how meaning affects the link between imitation and liking
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Velde, Sytske Willemien van der, Stapel, D.A., Gordijn, Ernestine, Otten, Sabine, and Faculty of Behavioural and Social Sciences
- Subjects
ComputingMethodologies_DOCUMENTANDTEXTPROCESSING ,Proefschriften (vorm) ,emoties ,GeneralLiterature_REFERENCE(e.g.,dictionaries,encyclopedias,glossaries) ,Imitatie (gedrag), Emoties - Published
- 2009
131. Feeling one thing, seeing another: emotion comparison effects in person judgments
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Maringer, M., Stapel, D.A., Gordijn, Ernestine, Otten, Sabine, and Social Psychology
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Emoties, Sociale waarneming, Meningsvorming ,Proefschriften (vorm) ,sociale perceptie - Abstract
Previous research has demonstrated that people's feelings can influence their judgments about other people in emotion congruent as well as emotion incongruent ways (Schwarz & Bless, 1992; Forgas, 1995). Since how people form judgments of other people is important to the functioning of individuals and social groups, the general purpose of this dissertation is to gain a better understanding of the role emotions play in impression formation processes. Specifically, them main question that is addressed in this dissertation is "whether" and "under what conditions" people feel one thing and see another as a consequence of emotion comparison processes. In addition, since contemporary models of emotion influences on social judgments proposed different explanations for emotion congruency effects, the processes underlying emotion congruency effects are investigated more closely.
- Published
- 2008
132. Why we stereotype influences how we stereotype. Self-enhancement and comprehension effects on social perception
- Author
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Bos, Arne van den, Stapel, D.A., Gordijn, Ernestine, Otten, Sabine, Heymans Institute for Psychological Research, Faculty of Behavioural and Social Sciences, and University of Groningen
- Subjects
attitude, vooroordeel en beïnvloeding ,Proefschriften (vorm) ,Stereotypen (sociale wetenschappen), Sociale waarneming, Soc - Abstract
Stereotypes are generalized beliefs about the characteristics of groups of individuals and form the basis of prejudice. Stereotyping can be functional in at least two ways: as a tool to understand the world around us and because it can help to elevate ones self-esteem. In this dissertation, the focus lies on the specific influences of these two goals on the use of stereotypes in social perception. Through a number of experiments, it is shown that an increased need to understand the world around us (for example, when one walks around in an unfamiliar city), results in more positive and negative stereotyping, whereas an increased need to elevate ones self-esteem (for example, when one failed an exam), results only in more negative stereotyping. Subsequently, when these needs are relieved through stereotyping or in a different way, stereotype use decreases. Furthermore, it appears that these two goals are not interchangeable with respect to stereotyping: when stereotyping is driven by a comprehension goal, only increased understanding, and not an increased self-esteem, counteracts stereotyping. This finding highlights the importance of distinguishing between comprehension driven and self-enhancement driven stereotyping, because they represent two different routes that lead to different kinds of stereotyping and can be countered in different ways. In other words: why we stereotype influences how we use, and can counteract the use of, stereotypes. Deze dissertatie is onderzocht naar aanleiding van de fraude gepleegd door sociaal-psycholoog Diederik Stapel. De Commissie Noort (Rijksuniversiteit Groningen) heeft daarbij vastgesteld dat in de hoofdstukken 2, 3 en 4 gebruik is gemaakt van frauduleuze data verstrekt door Stapel. De Commissie heeft geen aanwijzingen gevonden dat de auteur van de dissertatie doelbewust heeft meegewerkt aan datavervalsing. Zie voor meer informatie: https://www.commissielevelt.nl/.
- Published
- 2008
133. Toward a more social social psychology of power
- Author
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Lammers, J., Stapel, D.A., Gordijn, Ernestine, and Otten, Sabine
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Macht, Sociale psychologie , Stereotypen (sociale wetenschap ,attitude, vooroordeel en beïnvloeding ,Proefschriften (vorm) - Abstract
In this dissertation I aim to take a step toward a more social social psychology of power. In my opinion the existing social psychology on power is insufficiently social, and too material and physical. I believe this material and physical view has greatly influenced how social psychology has studied and tried to understand and conceptualize power. This view has however problematic aspects that can limit our understanding of power.
- Published
- 2008
134. I know what they think about us: Metaperceptions and intergroup relations
- Author
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Oldenhuis, Hilbrand Klaas Evert, Stapel, D.A., Gordijn, Ernestine, and Otten, Sabine
- Abstract
Suppose that you are about to meet members of another group than the group where you belong to. For example, as a Dutch tourist you are about to meet Germans during your holiday in Germany, or as a female manager you are about to meet male managers at a meeting, or as a psychologist you are about to meet economists at a conference. In each of these cases, you probably would immediately (and perhaps even unconsciously) think about how the members of the other group think about your group. For example, an important question is: Does the other group like your group? Would you expect them to like your group because you also like their group? Furthermore, you may expect that the members of the other group to hold certain stereotypes about the members of your group. For example, Dutch Moroccans might expect that the indigenous Dutch people think that all Moroccans are fundamentalist Muslims. Obviously, such an expectation about the way the own group (“ingroup”) is seen by the other group (“outgroup”) may very well guide Dutch Moroccans’ behavior towards the indigenous Dutch people they are about to meet. Basically, there are two options: Either Dutch Moroccans could present themselves more as fundamentalist Muslims or they could present themselves less as fundamentalist Muslims. So, how would Dutch Moroccans react? Or more generally speaking, how do people in general expect to be viewed by members of another group and how do they react if they think that members of another group have certain specific stereotypes about their ingroup?In fact, the above questions are the central questions of the present dissertation. Hence, the central questions in this dissertation are the following: Is how people think they are seen by members of another group related to how they, themselves, think about the members of the other group? And, how are people influenced by the way they think members of another group see them? In this dissertation, I will present one factor that appears to be very relevant with respect to answering these questions. This factor is: reciprocity (i.e., the tendency to “give” others what they deserve based on how they treated you). Regarding the first question concerning how people expect to be viewed by members of another group, I will show that, in general, they expect reciprocated (dis)liking from another group, except when people feel guilty towards that group.
- Published
- 2007
135. Unraveling Image and Justice Concerns: A Social Identity Account on Appraisals and Emotional Drivers of High-Status Transgressor Group Members' Solidarity With Low-Status Groups.
- Author
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Çakmak H, Gordijn EH, Koc Y, and Stroebe KE
- Abstract
High-status group members typically respond defensively when their ingroup members transgress against low-status groups. However, when they identify highly with transgressor groups, they sometimes also engage in solidarity with victimized low-status groups due to ingroup-focused motives. Yet, the response of low-identified transgressor group members, who can prioritize victims' plight over ingroup interests, remains underexplored. To address this gap, we conducted three preregistered studies ( N
total = 886) concerning education-based transgressions in the Netherlands and the United Kingdom, employing cross-sectional (Study 1) and experimental designs (Studies 2-3). Supporting previous research, we found that high-identifiers engage in nonradical solidarity driven by ingroup image concerns and image-related emotions. Low-identifiers, however, engage in both nonradical and radical solidarity through perceived injustice and justice-related emotions. Our findings provide insights into the roots of high-status group collective action on behalf of low-status groups against intergroup transgressions. Theoretical and societal implications were discussed., Competing Interests: Declaration of Conflicting InterestsThe author(s) declared no potential conflicts of interest with respect to the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article.- Published
- 2024
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136. The Rocky Road from Experience to Expression of Emotions-Women's Anger About Sexism.
- Author
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Sasse J, van Breen JA, Spears R, and Gordijn EH
- Abstract
We investigated women's anger expression in response to sexism. In three studies (N s = 103, 317, and 241), we tested the predictions that women express less anger about sexism than they experience -the anger gap-and that the anger expressed by women is associated with instrumental concerns, specifically perceived costs and benefits of confronting sexism. To estimate the specificity of the proposed gap, we compared women's anger reactions to men's anger reactions as well as anger reactions to sadness reactions. Across studies, we found support for the anger gap, that is, lower anger expression than experience, and the gap was more pronounced for women than for men (Study 3). Surprisingly, a gap also occurred in sadness reactions. Regarding instrumental concerns, there was converging evidence that expressed anger was negatively associated with individual costs. We also investigated whether anger expression can be encouraged through women's identification with feminists (Studies 1 and 2) and support by other women (Study 2); yet, we found no evidence. We conclude that, to understand women's-and men's-reactions to sexism, it is critical not to mistake their emotion expression for how they really feel, but instead to also consider strategic concerns., Supplementary Information: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s42761-021-00081-7., Competing Interests: Conflicts of InterestThe authors have no relevant financial or non-financial interests to disclose., (© The Author(s) 2021.)
- Published
- 2021
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137. Biased hate crime perceptions can reveal supremacist sympathies.
- Author
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Leander NP, Kreienkamp J, Agostini M, Stroebe W, Gordijn EH, and Kruglanski AW
- Subjects
- Attitude, Crime statistics & numerical data, Hate, Humans, Prejudice psychology, Race Relations, Violence psychology, Crime psychology, Emotions, Social Perception
- Abstract
People may be sympathetic to violent extremism when it serves their own interests. Such support may manifest itself via biased recognition of hate crimes. Psychological surveys were conducted in the wakes of mass shootings in the United States, New Zealand, and the Netherlands (total n = 2,332), to test whether factors that typically predict endorsement of violent extremism also predict biased hate crime perceptions. Path analyses indicated a consistent pattern of motivated judgment: hate crime perceptions were directly biased by prejudicial attitudes and indirectly biased by an aggrieved sense of disempowerment and White/Christian nationalism. After the shooting at a synagogue in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, disempowerment-fueled anti-Semitism predicted lower perceptions that the gunman was motivated by hatred and prejudice (study 1). After the shootings that occurred at two mosques in Christchurch, New Zealand, disempowerment-fueled Islamoprejudice similarly predicted lower hate crime perceptions (study 2a). Conversely, after the tram shooting in Utrecht, Netherlands (which was perpetrated by a Turkish-born immigrant), disempowerment-fueled Islamoprejudice predicted higher hate crime perceptions (study 2b). Finally, after the Walmart shooting in El Paso, Texas, hate crime perceptions were specifically biased by an ethnonationalist view of Hispanic immigrants as a symbolic (rather than realistic) threat to America; that is, disempowered individuals deemphasized likely hate crimes due to symbolic concerns about cultural supremacy rather than material concerns about jobs or crime (study 3). Altogether, biased hate crime perceptions can be purposive and reveal supremacist sympathies., Competing Interests: The authors declare no competing interest.
- Published
- 2020
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138. Conversational flow and entitativity: the role of status.
- Author
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Koudenburg N, Postmes T, and Gordijn EH
- Subjects
- Adolescent, Female, Humans, Male, Speech, Young Adult, Communication, Hierarchy, Social, Interpersonal Relations, Social Identification, Social Perception
- Abstract
This study examines the process by which perceptions of conversational flow foster an emergent sense of group entitativity. We propose that conversational flow influences more than just the quality of interpersonal relations: it signals entitativity - social unity at the group level. We predicted that when conversations are intermitted by brief silences after a target has spoken, this is perceived as disruptive for targets of low social status within the group: For low-status group members, such pauses raise concerns over respect and inclusion. However, for high-status group members, a similar intermission may be interpreted as an acknowledgement of their distinctive position in the group, and may therefore bolster the hierarchy and unity of the group. Two experiments support these hypotheses. Study 1 (N = 77) manipulated status in conversations of a target participant with confederates. Study 2 (N = 138) replicates the effect among participants who watch a videotaped conversation. Both studies show the predicted pattern, and suggest that belonging (Study 1) and perceived respect (Study 2) may mediate effects of condition on perceptions of group entitativity., (© 2013 The British Psychological Society.)
- Published
- 2014
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139. If they were to vote, they would vote for us.
- Author
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Koudenburg N, Postmes T, and Gordijn EH
- Subjects
- Adolescent, Adult, Aged, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Netherlands, Social Identification, Politics, Social Perception
- Abstract
In two field studies, we examined whether voters overestimate support for their political party among nonvoters. In Study 1, voters estimated the percentage of votes their party would receive in an upcoming election, and this percentage increased when voters estimated the percentage of votes their party would receive if nonvoters also were to vote. In Study 2, participants overestimated support for their party even when we made them explicitly aware of current levels of this support by presenting them with poll-based forecasts of election results. Furthermore, Study 2 demonstrated that commitment to vote for a specific party predicted the degree of overestimation. Our results imply that highly committed voters are particularly likely to project support for their party onto nonvoters. Implications for the literature on social projection and social identity are discussed.
- Published
- 2011
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140. Illegitimacy moderates the effects of power on approach.
- Author
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Lammers J, Galinsky AD, Gordijn EH, and Otten S
- Subjects
- Adult, Cues, Female, Humans, Male, Mental Recall physiology, Random Allocation, Risk-Taking, Semantics, Social Dominance, Students psychology, Negotiating psychology, Power, Psychological, Social Perception
- Abstract
A wealth of research has found that power leads to behavioral approach and action. Four experiments demonstrate that this link between power and approach is broken when the power relationship is illegitimate. When power was primed to be legitimate or when power positions were assigned legitimately, the powerful demonstrated more approach than the powerless. However, when power was experienced as illegitimate, the powerless displayed as much approach as, or even more approach than, the powerful. This moderating effect of legitimacy occurred regardless of whether power and legitimacy were manipulated through experiential primes, semantic primes, or role manipulations. It held true for behavioral approach (Experiment 1) and two effects associated with it: the propensity to negotiate (Experiment 2) and risk preferences (Experiments 3 and 4). These findings demonstrate that how power is conceptualized, acquired, and wielded determines its psychological consequences and add insight into not only when but also why power leads to approach.
- Published
- 2008
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141. Automatic contrast: evidence that automatic comparison with the social self affects evaluative responses.
- Author
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Ruys KI, Spears R, Gordijn EH, and de Vries NK
- Subjects
- Asian People psychology, Association, Cues, Facial Expression, Female, Gender Identity, Humans, Male, Peer Group, Social Identification, Stereotyping, Students psychology, Surveys and Questionnaires, Unconscious, Psychology, Visual Perception physiology, White People psychology, Affect physiology, Ego, Social Perception
- Abstract
The aim of the present research was to investigate whether unconsciously presented affective information may cause opposite evaluative responses depending on what social category the information originates from. We argue that automatic comparison processes between the self and the unconscious affective information produce this evaluative contrast effect. Consistent with research on automatic behaviour, we propose that when an intergroup context is activated, an automatic comparison to the social self may determine the automatic evaluative responses, at least for highly visible categories (e.g. sex, ethnicity). Contrary to previous research on evaluative priming, we predict automatic contrastive responses to affective information originating from an outgroup category such that the evaluative response to neutral targets is opposite to the valence of the suboptimal primes. Two studies using different intergroup contexts provide support for our hypotheses.
- Published
- 2007
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142. Reaction in action: intergroup contrast in automatic behavior.
- Author
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Spears R, Gordijn E, Dijksterhuis A, and Stapel DA
- Subjects
- Factor Analysis, Statistical, Humans, Interpersonal Relations, Pilot Projects, Social Identification, Attitude, Automatism
- Abstract
Whereas previous research has shown automatic behavior conforming to outgroup stereotypes, the authors demonstrate automatic behavioral contrast away from a stereotype/trait associated with an outgroup (Study 1 and 2) and point to the importance of an "us-them" intergroup comparison in this process. In Study 1, participants colored pictures more messily when neatness was associated with an outgroup rather than the ingroup. In Study 2, using a different behavior, participants primed with busy business people reacted faster than controls (assimilation) but became slower when their student ingroup identity was activated (contrast). Subliminally priming an "us-them" intergroup comparison set undermined the accessibility of outgroup stereotypic words (Study 3), especially for those higher in prejudice (Study 4). This suggests that people automatically distance themselves from outgroup attributes when intergroup antagonism is cued or chronic. Implications for the role of self and comparison processes in automatic behavior are discussed.
- Published
- 2004
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143. Consequences of stereotype suppression and internal suppression motivation: a self-regulation approach.
- Author
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Gordijn EH, Hindriks I, Koomen W, Dijksterhuis A, and Van Knippenberg A
- Subjects
- Adult, Female, Humans, Male, Surveys and Questionnaires, Motivation, Repression, Psychology, Social Control, Informal, Stereotyping
- Abstract
The present research studied the effects of suppression of stereotypes on subsequent stereotyping. Moreover, the moderating influence of motivation to suppress stereotypes was examined. The first three experiments showed that suppression of stereotypes leads to the experience of engaging in self-control (Study 1), to depleted regulatory resources as indicated by worse performance on an unrelated subsequent task that involves self-regulation (Study 2), and to hyperaccessibility of the suppressed thoughts (Study 3). However, these effects were moderated by internal suppression motivation: Increased self-control, depleted regulatory resources, and hyperaccessibility of suppressed thoughts only occur for people with low internal suppression motivation. Furthermore, in line with the argument that depletion of regulatory resources after suppression also should result in increased stereotyping in general, it was found that suppression of a specific stereotype leads to an increased use of stereotypes in general, but only for people with low internal suppression motivation (Study 4).
- Published
- 2004
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144. Social categorization and fear reactions to the September 11th terrorist attacks.
- Author
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Dumont M, Yzerbyt V, Wigboldus D, and Gordijn EH
- Subjects
- Adolescent, Adult, Anger, Cross-Cultural Comparison, Female, Humans, Male, New York City, Principal Component Analysis, Psychometrics statistics & numerical data, Students psychology, Surveys and Questionnaires, Aircraft, Arabs psychology, Fear, Social Identification, Social Perception, Terrorism psychology, White People psychology
- Abstract
Two experiments were run in The Netherlands and Belgium 1 week after the terrorist attacks against the World Trade Center in New York on September 11, 2001. The aim was to investigate whether social categorization affected emotional reactions, behavioral tendencies, and actual behaviors. Results showed that focusing participants' attention on an identity that included American victims into a common ingroup led them to report more fear and stronger fear-related behavioral tendencies and to engage more often in fear-related behaviors than when victims were categorized as outgroup members. Results are discussed with respect to appraisal theories of emotion and E. R. Smith's model of group-based emotions.
- Published
- 2003
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
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