Search

A new method of cesium immobilization has been successfully developed by combining alkali activation of boro-alumino-silicate glass and viscous flow sintering. Powdered glass from discarded pharmaceutical vials, suspended in a 2.5 M CsOH aqueous solution, underwent surface hydration as well as partial dissolution. Condensation reactions occurring at hydrated surface layers upon drying at 40 °C over 7 days resulted in welding of adjacent particles, forming a network that trapped newly formed gel and crystal phases. The newly formed phases including crystalline boro-pollucite (CsBSi 2 O 6), were derived mostly from Cs+ ions reacting with the products of glass dissolution and exhibited a high chemical stability. Further stabilization was achieved through viscous flow sintering at 700 °C, resulting in the incorporation of Cs+ ions in a glass matrix. The effectiveness of the immobilization was confirmed by leaching test using the Materials Characterization Center-1 Standard (MCC-1). This innovative approach not only enhances the chemical stability of cesium waste forms, but also aligns with principles of cleaner production by repurposing pharmaceutical glass waste, promoting sustainable materials management. [Display omitted] • Discarded pharmaceutical vials were used as a matrix for cesium immobilization. • Cesium (over of 20 wt%) was successfully immobilized by mild alkali activation. • Products of glass dissolution incorporate Cs+ in a boro-pollucite solid solution. • Cold consolidation at 40 °C is sufficient for managing simulated radioactive cesium. • Cesium is immobilized by viscous flow sintering of alkali-activated glass at 700 °C. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We developed a fiber laser based 515 nm single‐mode green laser with pulse width of 5 ns, peak power of greater than 20 kW, and repetition rates from 100 kHz to 500 kHz, which is suitable for glass drilling and grinding. The lithium triborate (LBO) crystal is used for second harmonic generation of 515 nm laser with efficiency of 68%. Glass drilling speed of 50 mm/s @ 0.5 mm thick glass was achieved for industrial environment continuous operation, which is equivalent to 1 s of time to drill a 4 mm diameter hole on a 2 mm thick glass. The typical chip sizes for the rear and front sides are 80 μm and 120 μm, respectively. Seven thousand holes are drilled in 24 hours in glass product line, and the success rate is larger than 99.7%. This laser glass drilling approach is rapidly accepted by glass industrial. Glass surface grinding was demonstrated by using 1 ns pulse width 515 nm lasers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Since mid-second millennium BCE, glass bangles have been an item of mass consumption throughout South Asia. The archaeological community has spent considerable time and energy reconstructing ancient cities with evidence of glass making and/or glass working workshops and has formulated many hypotheses. The functional use of the kiln and the ways that different kinds of glass products, including bangle were produced is still shrouded in uncertainty. Jointless bangles have been considered as auspicious and they dominate the archaeological bangle assemblages. At times, glass bangles are used as one of the criteria to hypothesise ancient demographics. Their usage patterns of glass bangles and their relation to socio-cultural milieu, continuously create more broken pieces than intact bangles in cultural deposit. The fact that glass bangles are given as offerings in lieu of wellbeing and that broken bangles are recycled present challenges for any archaeological reconstructions and inferences. Notwithstanding these challenges, examination of the traditional jointless bangle production centre in western Uttar Pradesh facilitates a more insightful understanding of the nature of meaningful socialistic and technocratic affordances constitutive to bangles. This paper records ethnographically the production cycle and the functional use of bangles. The evolution of bangle making furnaces is also discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article reports that The salvage excavations carried out above Naḥal ‘Anava (Wadi ‘Anabeh) at Modi‘in Kaizer South (see Tendler and Torge, this volume) yielded some 650 fragmentary glass finds, about half of which were diagnostic. All the finds are free-blown, many are decorated. Thirty-nine representative diagnostic fragments were selected for this publication and are presented in chronological and typological order.

The Waste Treatment and Immobilization Plant (WTP) will process and stabilize nuclear waste stored in tanks on the Hanford Site. At the WTP, the tank waste will be combined with glass-forming chemicals to make a melter feed slurry that can be vitrified in joule-heated melters. Technetium-99 (99Tc), a long-lived radionuclide present in tank waste, is semi-volatile from a glass melt at elevated temperatures. A small laboratory-scale melter system has been designed by PNNL to operate under radioactive conditions, giving it the ability to vitrify actual tank waste and gain information about melter feed processability and the partitioning of components of interest. This study describes two runs performed in a duplicate system with non-radioactive simulants of Hanford tanks 241-AP-107 and 241-AN-105 to gain insight into the relationship between the retentions of 99Tc and its non-radioactive surrogate Re while also investigating the effects of increasing the reducing agent such as sucrose during vitrification on processing and the retention of semi-volatile components in the glass product. The results from these runs align with the general trends of greater retention in the glass of Re compared to 99Tc and the improved retention in the glass of Re with increased reducing agent. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The solubility of titanite (CaTiSiO5) in Si-rich melts was measured experimentally through growth experiments at 800–1000 °C, 0.5–1.0 GPa, log fO2 ~ CCO–0.8, t = 72–168 h, and H2O = 0 to 4 wt.%, and in dissolution experiments at 925–1300 °C, 0.8 GPa, t = 18–118 h, and H2O = 1–10 wt.% in a piston-cylinder apparatus. Run product glasses in growth experiments were homogeneous, and iron loss suppressed ilmenite crystallization. Saturation concentrations in dissolution experiments were estimated by fitting measured diffusion profiles. Titanite solubility increases with increasing temperature and melt composition parameter M = molar Na + K + 2Ca / Al × Si . Multiple linear regression of glass composition data from growth and dissolution experiments (n = 29) plus 39 experiments from the LEPR database (Hirschmann et al. 2008) yielded the titanite solubility equation (adj. r2 = 0.95): T i O 2 melt w t. % = 0.978 × M + 0.0048 × T K - 5.90 . This model correctly predicted undersaturation in 95% of 2344 experiments from the LEPR database that did not have titanite or rutile. Application to natural rocks yields saturation temperatures that are similar to independent temperature estimates. This equation should be useful for constraining the temperatures of titanite-saturated melts, for determining whether titanite saturation in magmatic source regions is likely, and for determining when titanite can crystallize and begin to exert an influence on melt geochemistry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we propose a design for an on-glass 5G monopole antenna for a vehicle window glass. The proposed antenna consists of a monopole resonator, an inductive line, and a co-planar waveguide (CPW), which can adjust the phase so that the current in each resonator is close to in phase. Therefore, although the vehicle window glass has a high dielectric loss, the proposed monopole with an inductive line can obtain an antenna gain that is suitable for applying to vehicle 5G communications. To verify the antenna characteristics, the reflection coefficients and the radiation patterns are measured in a full anechoic chamber. The results demonstrate that the proposed on-glass antenna is suitable for applying in vehicle 5G communications.

3D printing of porous SiO2–Al2O3–Fe2O3–MgO–CaO–Na2O glass products with use of the robocasting technique was comprehensively studied. Features in the preparation of glass-based pastes with gelatin or agar for 3D printing were established and recommendations on the printing of porous glass products employing a ZMORPH 3D printer equipped with a thick paste extruder were developed. The method of preparing glass/gelatin and glass/agar pastes for 3D printing was tested experimentally. Mixtures with different contents of gelatin or agar, glass, and water were analyzed, and conditions for their storage from the time the paste components were mixed to the time they were loaded into the 3D printer were determined. The optimal 3D printing parameters were chosen with the Voxelizer software for the ZMORPH 3D printer with a thick paste extruder. A modification to the ceramic module for printing with pastes was proposed. The heat treatment process at 160 and 260°C and sintering at 600–650°C for the printed samples were studied. The temperature threshold at which a powdered glass material sintered without transiting to the molten state was found experimentally by choosing optimal temperatures and holding times. Heat treatment resulted in glass samples of complex shape. The samples reached 49% porosity. The mechanical properties and microstructure of the sintered porous glass samples were analyzed. The wear resistance and fracture of the samples were examined by repeated scratching with a conical diamond indenter. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the developing industry, the speed of technology advancement, there is a constant demand for innovation, streamlining the production process. One of the serious drawbacks and negatives affecting the input costs of the entire production process is the defectiveness of products, non-defectiveness and unforeseen, unplanned failures of elements in production. It is by unambiguous determination, definition and specification of the causes of product defects, with the use of innovative devices, that we can eliminate or eliminate these failures, defects. The article describes a case study in the glass industry and the exact definition of defects in glass products. Glass is one of the most famous technical products with exceptional properties, the development of which is linked to the development, production and service of glass in the industry, glass intended for aerospace and shipping companies, as well as for gastronomy and household. Of course, all with regard to its specific characteristic, which is certainly fragility. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Archaeology & Science / Arheologija i Prirodne Nauke is the property of Institute of Archaeology and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Archaeology & Science / Arheologija i Prirodne Nauke is the property of Institute of Archaeology and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Northern Hemisphere (NH) snow cover extent (SCE) is one of the most important indicator of climate change due to its unique surface property. However, short temporal coverage, coarse spatial resolution, and different snow discrimination approach among existing continental scale SCE products hampers its detailed studies. Using the latest Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer Surface Reflectance (AVHRR-SR) Climate Data Record (CDR) and several ancillary datasets, this study generated a temporally consistent 8-day 0.05° gap-free SCE covering the NH landmass for the period 1981-2019 as part of the Global LAnd Surface Satellite dataset (GLASS) product suite. The development of GLASS SCE contains five steps. First, a decision tree algorithm with multiple threshold tests was applied to distinguish snow cover (NHSCE-D) with other land cover types from daily AVHRR-SR CDR. Second, gridcells with cloud cover and invalid observations were filled by two existing daily SCE products. The gap-filled gridcells were further merged with NHSCE-D to generate combined daily SCE over the NH (NHSCE-Dc). Third, an aggregation process was used to detect the maximum SCE and minimum gaps in each 8-day periods from NHSCE-Dc. Forth, the gaps after aggregation process were further filled by the climatology of snow cover probability to generate the gap-free GLASS SCE. Fifth, the validation process was carried out to evaluate the quality of GLASS SCE. Validation results by using 562 Global Historical Climatology Network stations during 1981-2017 (r = 0.61, p < 0.05) and MOD10C2 during 2001-2019 (r = 0.97, p < 0.01) proved that the GLASS SCE product is credible in snow cover frequency monitoring. Moreover, cross-comparison between GLASS SCE and surface albedo during 1982-2018 further confirmed its values in climate changes studies. The GLASS SCE data are available at https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5775238 (Chen et al. 2021). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of the study is to determine the export specialization and competitiveness of Turkey's 19 product groups in which it trades in the glass and glassware sector. To do so, both export and import data in these product groups and total export and import data for 2010-2019 period is utilized. The data are obtained from the UN Comtrade database based on the HS 2007 product classification. In the study using the Revealed Comparative Advantage (RCA) method, analyses are made with Relative Export Advantage (RXA), Relative Trade Advantage (RTA) and Net Export Index (NEI). In the analysis of 19 product groups for foreign trade in the glass and glassware sector, it is determined that Turkey specializes above the world average in the exports of 4 product groups according to the RXA index, where imports are not taken into account. According to the RTA result, where imports are also considered, Turkey specializes in the export of 7 product groups. According to the NEI result, which measures the country's own commercial performance, it is determined that Turkey specializes in the export of 7 product groups. According to the NEI results here, these 7 product groups, which Turkey specializes in exporting, are same as the product groups that it specializes in above the world average as a result of RTA analysis. To sum up, Turkey specializes in the export of 7 out of the 19 product groups in the glass and glassware sector and has gained a global competitive advantage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Glass was always considered a luxury product. A variety of industry awards and sports trophies are still made from the material. On a small scale, expert glaziers will produce masterpieces of exquisite nature. On a larger scale, standard architectural glass products have to be used imaginatively to deliver artisan quality. In this paper, we will reflect upon a decade of projects our team in Arup facade engineering was fortunate to collaborate on. The projects are interlinked with a golden thread of passion, inspiration, and innovation. The construction industry is based on risk mitigation, so those projects are incubators of innovative ideas, tested in real‐life environments without the warranty and insurance pressures of larger jobs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Glass fiber (GF) reinforced polycarbonate (PC) composites were prepared for laser direct structuring (LDS) applications. A small amount of styrene-maleic anhydride (SMA) was introduced to enhance GF/PC interfacial interactions. The PC/SMA/GF LDS composites using metal complex as LDS additive were investigated for applicability in copper circuit development. Rough surface patterns by laser irradiation under different laser parameters were measured by microscopy and Fourier infrared spectrometry. Copper particles and plating layer by subsequent electroless copper plating procedure was observed using microscopy. Thickness of plating layer and adhesion between layer and matrix were also evaluated. The results showed that laser repetition and scanning speed led to different resolutions and ablated surfaces without structural changes of composites. Copper particles gradually deposited, grew, and interconnected during metallization procedure. Plating layer was successfully formed at an optimum LDS additive loading, and appropriate scanning speed and repetition of laser. In addition, the plating layer displayed disparate thickness and distribution, owing to different activated surfaces by irradiation. Severe ablation or unetched parallel regions resulted in leaky or discontinuous plating layer. Better plating microstructure and higher adhesion were obtained for the composite material with 1.0 wt% LDS additive loading, supporting its extensive development and practical application in LDS technology., INTRODUCTION Three-dimensional molded interconnect device (3D-MID) is an injection-molded thermoplastic part with structured circuit traces. The mechanical, electronic, optical, thermal, and fluidic functions can be directly integrated into injection-molded components [...]

Land surface albedo (LSA) is an important parameter in surface energy balance and global climate change. It has been used in the fields of energy budgets, climate dynamics, and land surface processes. To apply satellite LSA products more widely, the product accuracy needs to be evaluated at different scales and under atmospheric and surface conditions. This study validates and analyzes the errors of the LSA datasets from the Global LAnd Surface Satellites (GLASS) product, the European Space Agency's Earth Observation Envelope Programme (GlobAlbedo), the Quality Assurance for Essential Climate Variables (QA4ECV) project, the Gap-filled Snow-free Bidirectional Reflectance Distribution Function (BRDF) parameters product (MCD43GF), and the Satellite Application Facility on Climate Monitoring (CM SAF) Albedo dataset from the AVHRR data (CLARA-SAL) against the Chinese Ecosystem Research Network (CERN) measurements at different spatiotemporal scales over China from 2005 to 2015. The results show that LSA estimated by GLASS agrees well with the CERN measurements on a continental scale. The GLASS product is characterized by a correlation coefficient of 0.80, a root-mean-square error of 0.09, and a mean absolute error of 0.06. The consistency between GLASS, GlobAlbedo, and CLARA-SAL is slightly lower over the regions with high aerosol optical depth (AOD) (e.g. Sichuan Basin, northern China) and high cloud cover compared with that in regions with lower AOD and low cloud cover. The estimation errors are related to varying atmospheric and surface conditions and increase with increasing AOD and cloud cover and decreasing enhanced vegetation index. Therefore, algorithms under complex atmospheric and surface conditions (e.g. high AOD, sparse vegetation) should be optimized to improve the accuracy of LSA products. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Economic Annals-XXI / Ekonomìčnij Časopis-XXI is the property of Institute of Society Transformation and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Glass microspheres with the exact stoichiometry of åkermanite (Ca2MgSi2O7), one of the most promising modern bioceramics, were produced by the flame synthesis method. The distinctive high cooling rate was found to prevent the crystallization; the size of amorphous microbeads could be correlated with the size of partially crystallized precursor powders, deriving from conventional melt quenching and milling. The glass microspheres were characterized in terms of crystallization and sintering behavior, in the perspective of applications in additive manufacturing of åkermanite‐based scaffolds. The results showed that merwinite (Ca3MgSi2O8) is the primary product of glass devitrification; only in a second stage, merwinite reacts with the residual glass and yields åkermanite. The rapid crystallization, implying limited viscous flow sintering, was tested as an opportunity to create components with complex porosity distribution. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Recently, the need of high living standards and developments in modern technology have significantly increased the usage of throwaway glass products. The use of these waste glass products in the production of construction materials (especially bricks) is ultimately very wholesome approach towards sustainable development. In this study, wasted glass up to 20% by weight was added to observe its impacts on bricks. The bricks containing powder glass were burnt along with ordinary bricks (with no powder glass) in same kiln and under same condition (type of fuel, temperature, duration etc.). The results illustrated that the properties of bricks vividly improved such as areal density, water absorption and efflorescence. The 20% increase of waste glass in the brick samples resulted in 14% decrease in areal density. The addition of fine powder glass filled the pores and reduced porosity of bricks. The substantial reduction in water absorption of 26.14% were observed with 20% addition of waste glass content. Also efflorescence was less in specimens having less quantity of waste glass burnt at higher temperatures. The present study presented a comprehensive analysis of waste glass as a mixing component for producing light weight sustainable bricks with improved water absorption properties. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

It is fundamentally important to investigate the interfacial friction between softened glass and rigid molds for controlling the product quality in glass hot forming techniques. However, the underlying mechanism has not been fully understood in terms of the contribution of viscous dissipation to the viscoelastic friction of softened glass. In this paper, a dry rotary sliding scheme using the ball-on-disc pair is employed to investigate the high-temperature friction characteristics of a typical borosilicate crown glass N-BK7 from 500 °C to 660 °C. Experimental results show that the friction coefficients in the steady stage remarkably increase with the applied temperatures. For softened glass, friction could originate from adhesion, ploughing and dissipation. Furthermore, with careful estimations on both the scratch deformation frequency and the induced flash temperature during sliding, the increase in friction coefficient with temperature is well correlated with the loss modulus ratio, which presents the viscous energy dissipation by macroscale ploughing. Additionally, the friction coefficients at 500 mm/s are slightly larger than those at 250 mm/s, because the effect of more frictional heat prevails. Lastly, the influences of temperature and frequency shifting on the loss modulus ratio are summarized to explain the experimental evolution of friction coefficient. It is confirmed for N-BK7 glass that the dependences of friction coefficients on temperature and sliding velocity, also follow the classical superposition master curve of viscoelastic friction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Thermal strengthening remains the primary method for enhancing the practical strength of commodity glass products, however, the process is limited in terms of applicable glass thickness and coefficient of thermal expansion. The primary reasons for this limitation are the achievable heat transfer coefficient when using conventional gas cooling, and the occurrence of transient surface tension in the early stages of rapid quenching. We revisit this problem for the case of thin borosilicate glass sheet. Using liquid gallium as the cooling medium, ultra‐fast heat extraction is achieved, with a heat transfer coefficient exceeding 5000 Wm−2 K−1. The low vapor pressure of gallium even at high temperatures enables preheating to a wide range of sheet entrant temperatures. We demonstrate thermal strengthening of low‐expansion borosilicate glass with persistent surface compression of up to 85 MPa, and quenching to a fictive temperature of ~190 K above the glass transition temperature. Glass sheet obtained in this way exhibits notably enhanced surface defect resistance to sharp indentation. In addition to thermal strengthening, the extraordinarily high heat extraction rates achieved by liquid metal immersion enable exploitation of high‐Tf glass properties beyond small and thin sample geometry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Gelatinous zooplankton can be difficult to preserve morphologically due to unique physical properties of their cellular and acellular components. The relatively large volume of mesoglea leads to distortion of the delicate morphology and poor sample integrity in specimens prepared with standard aldehyde or alcohol fixation techniques. Similar challenges have made it difficult to extend standard laboratory methods such as in situ hybridization to larger juvenile ctenophores, hampering studies of late development. Results: We have found that a household water repellant glass treatment product commonly used in laboratories, Rain-X®, alone or in combination with standard aldehyde fixatives, greatly improves morphological preservation of such delicate samples. We present detailed methods for preservation of ctenophores of diverse sizes compatible with long-term storage or detection and localization of target molecules such as with immunohistochemistry and in situ hybridization and show that this fixation might be broadly useful for preservation of other delicate marine specimens. Conclusion: This new method will enable superior preservation of morphology in gelatinous specimens for a variety of downstream goals. Extending this method may improve the morphological fidelity and durability of museum and laboratory specimens for other delicate sample types. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Packaging appearance is important in evoking consumer impressions. No study has yet explored how two prominent packaging attributes, shape and material, affect the consumers' impressions and their expectations in the case of coffee products. Therefore, the objective of this study was to investigate whether the packaging shape has an impact on the taste intensity expected by the consumer, and whether packaging materials influence the expected coffee quality. In an online experiment, 115 participants evaluated different packaging samples. They rated the expected taste intensity for packaging samples that varied in shape complexity (i.e., cylindrical, roundedangular, hexagonal and multifaceted). They also rated the expected coffee quality for packaging samples that varied in material (i.e., plastic, aluminium, glass and metal). The results showed that the packaging with a higher degree of shape complexity was associated with a higher taste intensity. Furthermore, we found a negative effect of glass on the expectation of product quality. The findings could be applied in product packaging design which aims to match the expected and actual characteristics of the product. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this study is to review academic papers on the applications of smart glasses. Among 82 surveyed papers, 57 were selected through filtering. The papers were published from January 2014 to October 2020. Four research questions were set up using the systematic review method, and conclusions were drawn focusing on the research trends by year and application fields; product and operating system; sensors depending on the application purpose; and data visualization, processing, and transfer methods. It was found that the most popular commercial smart glass products are Android-based Google products. In addition, smart glasses are most often used in the healthcare field, particularly for clinical and surgical assistance or for assisting mentally or physically disabled persons. For visual data transfer, 90% of the studies conducted used a camera sensor. Smart glasses have mainly been used to visualize data based on augmented reality, in contrast with the use of mixed reality. The results of this review indicate that research related to smart glasses is steadily increasing, and technological research into the development of smart glasses is being actively conducted. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Scratched glass with spatial and depth features were tested using ad-hoc CDR test setup. • Optical approach and LEFM were combined to evaluate the effect of surface compressive stress towards scratch. • The residual mechanical performance corresponding to the scratch features can be assessed through the developed approach. Glass products are widely used in building envelopes. Fracture can be triggered accidentally from the glass surface damage such as scratch. This study proposed an approach to assess the flexural performance of the aged monolithic glass panel, which has scratch with spatial and depth information detected via non-contact sensing. The coaxial double ring (CDR) test was conducted for experimentally evaluating the flexural strength on a total number of 160 scratched annealed (AN) and fully tempered (FT) glass specimens. Finite element (FE) analysis was performed to find the exact stress state by considering the geometric non-linear behaviour of glass panel under large deflection. Test and numerical results demonstrate that the scratch depth characterized by a confocal microscope and spatial location can both influence the failure load of FT glass, whereas AN glass is only sensitive to the latter. With combining linear elastic fracture mechanics (LEFM) theory, the relationship between the scratch depth and the residual strength of FT glass can be accurately determined. The spatial and depth characteristics of scratch can then be integrated for the failure load assessment of monolithic FT glass panel. The assessment framework can contribute to the accurate non-destructive assessment on aged architectural glass. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Engineers at RMIT University have developed fire-safe building claddings using recycled glass, offering a sustainable solution to address waste. The composite cladding, created in collaboration with Livefield, is cost-effective, structurally robust, and fire-resistant. The cladding uses 83% recycled glass, along with plastic binders and fire-retardant additives. The technology has met compliance requirements for non-combustibility and is being patented by Livefield. The project is a collaboration involving RMIT, Cooperative Research Centres Projects grants, and other industry support. The team has also published research on fire-safe compliance and the use of recycled glass in construction materials. [Extracted from the article]

A study conducted by the University of Lincoln and Pilkington United Kingdom has found that specialist glass designed for commercial greenhouses can increase crop yield by over a third. The research examined the impact of different glass products on plant growth, light transmission, and temperature within glasshouses. Lettuce and basil were grown in two separate glasshouses, with produce grown under the specialist glass weighing 35% more than produce grown under standard glass. The specialist glass, called Pilkington HortiHaze, maintains light transmission and provides an even distribution of light to the plants without compromising the amount of light entering through the glass. The study highlights the importance of using specialized materials in greenhouse construction to enhance indoor crop growth and contribute to food security. [Extracted from the article]

The reaction behaviors and corrosion mechanisms of tri-layer Yb 2 SiO 5 /Yb 2 Si 2 O 7 /Si EBCs were explored in Na 2 SO 4 + 25 wt%NaCl molten salt environment at 1350 °C. Results showed that the molten salt rapidly penetrated the Yb 2 SiO 5 layer and then reacted with the Yb 2 Si 2 O 7 layer to form SiO 2 -riched Na-Yb-Si-O glass phase. The reaction product of glass phase diffused to the EBCs surface through the cracks and reacted with Yb 2 SiO 5 to form Yb 2 Si 2 O 7. The reaction of Yb 2 Si 2 O 7 caused the development of transverse cracks, which eventually led to the failure of the EBCs. Moreover, the Yb 2 SiO 5 layer exhibited better corrosion resistance than the Yb 2 Si 2 O 7 layer. [Display omitted] • The reaction between Yb 2 SiO 5 /Yb 2 Si 2 O 7 /Si EBCs and Na 2 SO 4 + 25 wt%NaCl melts was studied. • Na 2 SO 4 + 25 wt%NaCl rapidly penetrated Yb 2 SiO 5 and Yb 2 Si 2 O 7 layer at 1350 ℃. • Na 2 SO 4 reacted with Yb 2 Si 2 O 7 layer to form a SiO 2 -rich Yb-Na-Si-O glass phase. • Yb 2 SiO 5 layer exhibited better corrosion resistance than Yb 2 Si 2 O 7 layer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As an important part of the Earth’s environmental system, sandy soils are particularly sensitive to changes in the climatic environment. As one of the four major desert regions in China, the MuUs desert has transformed from a desert to an oasis after more than half a century of ecological management. In this paper, we analyzed the spatial and temporal patterns of surface albedo, evapotranspiration, and fraction vegetation cover in the MuUs desert based on the Global Land Surface Satellite (GLASS) product with high spatial and temporal resolution and assessed the relationships between their variability and snow cover, air temperature, and precipitation. It is of great significance to understand the effect of desertification control and climate change after the conversion of land surface types in the MuUs region. The results show that the desertification control in the MuUs area has achieved remarkable results since 1982. The fraction vegetation coverage of the MuUs desert showed a significant increasing trend, with an interannual change rate of 1.32% each decade−1. The surface albedo of MuUs desert decreased significantly. Affected by vegetation and snow cover, it was lower in summer and higher in winter. The evapotranspiration showed a significant upward trend, higher in summer and lower in winter, which is significantly correlated with the changes in surface albedo, air temperature, and vegetation. In addition, the local-scale biophysical effects caused by vegetation change have influenced the climate of the MuUs region, manifested as the increase in precipitation and air temperature. In general, with the support of relevant policies and human construction projects, the overall ecological environment in the MuUs desert is developing in a good way.

The paper discusses archaeological materials testifying to the links of Volga Bulgaria with Syria and Egypt during the pre-Mongol period. It was noted that the appearance of products from Syria, primarily glass ornaments, belongs to the pre-Bulgar era (the 4–5 and 7–8 centuries AD) and reflects the nature of the trade and economic relations of the Volga-Kama area in the international trade routes. With the formation of the Volga-Kama Bulgaria, the composition of imports from the Middle East somewhat expanded. Moreover, most of the artifacts in the 10th – 11th centuries reached the Middle Volga through numerous intermediaries in Central Asia. In addition, the Syrian influence on the sphere of Bulgarian culture and craft proceeded through Syrian masters who lived in various parts of the Muslim world, including in Central Asia and Iran, with whom the Volga Bulgaria had close ties. This was especially manifested in the jewelry business, in the formation of the Bulgarian school of gold and silver jewelers, specializing in scanned-grain products. In the 11th – 12th centuries, the activity of the receipt of Syrian-Egyptian products significantly declined, primarily due to the increased contacts with the Central Asian region. By the beginning of the 13th century the contacts of the Bulgars with the Middle Eastern region were practically interrupted, and were finally lost after the Mongol invasion. And only in the second half – the end of the 13th century, under the rule of the Golden Horde, artistic products of Syrian-Egyptian production are beginning to enter the markets of the Middle Volga region.

Different designs of granulators for molten glass which are used in the production of glass containers and other glass products are considered. The basic advantages and disadvantages of such equipment installed in the cullet recovery and recycling lines are expounded. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, the hazards in a medium-sized enterprise engaged in production and processing of glass products in Turkey and the risks they pose are identified. Then, using cross-sectional research, a physical, chemical and biological risk report was created by L-type matrix method. During this reporting, hazards caused by Covid-19, which has been declared as pandemic by World Health Organization and became the biggest health problem in the world today, and regulatory and preventive actions that can be taken against these hazards are widely covered. The aim of the study is to contribute to the industry in terms of taking measures against occupational accidents and diseases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The cylindrical mold is an essential part used in industries for the manufacturing of various cylindrical products such as beverages canes, domestics appliances, glass beakers, and polyvinyl chloride pipes. These products require features in its surfaces such as defect-free surfaces with high-quality, stable dimensions, the high extent of cylindricity, and functional transparency in glass material products. To acquire such features in the cylindrical products, the rotary magnetorheological honing (R-MRH) process is developed. In this work, the response surface methodology technique is employed for optimizing the process parameters for internal surface finishing of the cast-iron (CI) cylindrical workpieces. With the optimized process parameters, the experiments are performed to find out the effectiveness of the present finishing process for CI cylindrical molds. On the final MR-finished surface after 40 min of finishing, the roughness parameters (Ra, Rz, and Rq) get reduced to 0.05 µm, 0.4 µm, and 0.07 µm from the respective initial values of 0.420 µm, 2.4 µm, and 0.52 µm. The waviness parameters (Wa, Wz, and Wq) achieved on the final finished surface are 0.04 µm, 0.20 µm, and 0.06 µm from the initial values of 0.17 µm, 0.90 µm, and 0.22 µm, respectively. Also, the circularity (C) on the MR-finished cylindrical surface is improved to 0.0437 from the initial circularity value of 0.1207. The significant changes in Ra, Wa, and C values as well as visuals of scanning electron microscopy images reveal a better sense of functionality improvement of the cast-iron cylindrical molds. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, the flexural strength and the impact behavior of the glass fiber composite plates with the same mesh and layer geometry and the effect of the addition of nanographene (GNP) at various ratios into the matrix were experimentally investigated. The variable examined in the study is the percentage of the nanographene that added in the matrix of glass fiber composite plates. In this study, six types of glass fiber plates were produced; with no nanographene added reference specimen, and with the ratio of 0.15, 0.25, 0.35, 0.45, and 0.70% nanographene added specimens. The effect of nanographene addition to the epoxy matrix on the flexural strength and impact behavior of the specimens was investigated by applying a three-point bending test and a constant-energy impact load with the free-weight test method on the glass fiber plate specimens. The highest flexural strength was observed at the 0.25% nanographene added specimen. Further addition of the nanoparticle caused the flexural strength to decrease. In the free weight drop impact test, the highest acceleration and lowest displacement were found at the 0.25% nanographene added specimen. Adding more nanoparticles adversely affected the impact behavior. The optimum nanographene ratio was determined to be 0.25%., INTRODUCTION Composites and hybrid composites containing nanoparticles have a significant role in the production of new generation materials [1-17]. Researchers are interested in producing hybrid nanocomposites with low weight and [...]

Within the scope of this research, platelet-shaped hexagonal Boron Nitride (h-BN) with a size of 2 and 12 [micro]m, and oval-shaped Boehmite (BT) with a size of 2 [micro]m were incorporated in a glass fiber-reinforced epoxy novolac matrix cured with a diamine-based hardener. The effects of the platelet size (BN 2 and 12 urn) and filler nature (BT vs. BN) were correlated with the final thermal and fire-related properties. The incorporation of the fillers shows that not only the thermal conductivity (, INTRODUCTION Current technological trends in electronics toward miniaturization, higher service temperatures, and dense switching powers have opened up critical thermal management issues. Early material failure due to the low heat [...]

We successfully added bamboo and glass fibers into bisphenol A-aniline based benzoxazine (BA-a) resin by hot-pressing method. In order to improve the interfacial adhesion between bamboo fibers and the matrix, bamboo fibers were pretreated in 6 wt% NaOH solutions for 12 h. The results showed alkali-treatment had a positive effect on mechanical properties of the composites at both room and elevated temperatures (60[degrees]C, 110[degrees]C, 160 C, and 210[degrees]C). Due to the incorporation of glass fibers, the bamboo/glass reinforced-polybenzoxazine hybrid composites exhibited highest strength and modulus among all samples and had high residual mechanical properties at elevated temperatures (residual mechanical properties refers to the ratio of strength and modulus of the composites at elevated temperatures to that measured at room temperature). The fractured surface morphologies of the composites were observed by scanning electron microscope. The results showed with the increase of temperature, the debonding and fiber pull-out became apparent, and the matrix softening could be clearly observed at 210[degrees]C. In addition, thermal and thermomechanical properties of neat benzoxazine and the composites were also investigated through thermogravimetric analysis and dynamic mechanical analyzer, respectively., INTRODUCTION In the fields of aerospace, architecture and automobile, fiber reinforced polymer composites have been widely applied in the past few decades due to their excellent properties such as light [...]