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O consumo de hortaliças é essencial para a qualidade de vida da população, especialmente em um período de crise sanitária provocada pelo novo coronavírus. Assim, este estudo objetivou analisar o impacto inicial da pandemia nos hábitos de consumo de hortaliças no Brasil, avaliando a relação da renda mensal com os principais fatores que nortearam os consumidores na hora da compra de olerícolas no Brasil. Para isso, no início da pandemia, foi aplicado um questionário por meio de Formulários Google®, difundido online por meio de aplicativos e redes sociais no formato de pesquisa de opinião. A análise estatística foi feita utilizando-se o teste qui-quadrado de modo a verificar a associação da renda com os fatores de tomada de decisão no consumo de hortaliças no Brasil. Os resultados indicaram que a renda molda o comportamento do consumidor e exerce impactos diferentes para determinadas olerícolas. Além disso, a qualidade se destacou como um fator mais importante do que os benefícios nutricionais na hora da compra de hortaliças, mesmo durante a pandemia de Covid-19 no Brasil.

Suicide is prevalent among people of almost all ages and has a high social and economic cost. It is widely known, however, that its true prevalence is underestimated. This article aims to study suicide in São Paulo based on Public Safety data, compared with mortality information system data (SIM/MS), in order to assess possible information gains. A database (Banco SSP) was assembled from spreadsheets for police reports, complemented with existing Forensic Medicine Institute information, which was compared with the SIM/MS data. The Banco SSP database (2,469) was 7.5% higher than SIM/MS (2,297), with results reflected in the sex and age of the victims, showing the highest rates among elderly men (rate of 12.8 per 100,000 inhabitants). In relation to the method of suicide, there was a predominance of hanging (60.2%); 92.5% of unspecified cases were clarified, with an increase in deaths from exogenous poisoning (55.7%). The police reports revealed variables considered as possible risk factors for suicide, such as the mention of mental disorders (39.4%), other pathologies (5.0%), other problems (23.2%) and earlier attempted suicides (10.0%). The source studied enabled obtaining quantitative and qualitatively enhanced data compared to the SIM/MS data.O suicídio afeta pessoas de quase todas as idades e tem elevado custo social e econômico. Sabe-se, porém, que sua ocorrência é subestimada. O objetivo deste artigo é estudar o suicídio em São Paulo segundo dados da Segurança Pública, comparando com os do Ministério da Saúde (SIM/MS), a fim de mensurar possíveis ganhos de informação. Foi elaborado um banco (Banco SSP) a partir de planilhas de boletins de ocorrência policial, complementado com informações do Instituto Médico Legal, o qual foi comparado com os dados do SIM/MS. O Banco SSP (2.469) mostrou-se 7,5% mais elevado que o SIM/MS (2.297), resultados que se refletiram no sexo e idade das vítimas, mostrando taxas mais elevadas em homens idosos (taxa 12,8 por 100 mil habitantes). Quanto ao meio utilizado, verificou-se predomínio do enforcamento (60,2%); 92,5% de casos não especificados puderam ser esclarecidos, verificando-se aumento nas mortes por intoxicações exógenas (55,7%). O histórico policial permitiu conhecer variáveis consideradas como possíveis fatores de risco para o suicídio, como menção a transtornos mentais (39,4%), outras patologias (5,0%), outros problemas (23,2%) e tentativas anteriores (10,0%). A fonte estudada possibilitou ganho quantitativo e qualitativo em relação ao SIM/MS.

The development of new sample preparation alternatives in analytical toxicology leading to quick, effective, automated and environmentally friendly procedures is growing in importance. One of these alternatives is the QuEChERS, originally developed for the analysis of pesticide residues, producing cleaner extracts than liquid–liquid extraction, and easier separation of aqueous and organic phases. However, there are few published studies on the miniaturization of this technique for forensic toxicology, especially in postmortem analysis. We developed and validated a modified micro-QuEChERS and LC–MS-MS assay to quantify 16 antidepressants, 7 antipsychotics and 3 metabolites and semi-quantify norfluoxetine and norsertraline in postmortem blood. The calibration curve was linear from 1 to 500 ng/mL, achieved an r > 0.99, with all standards quantifying within ±15% of target except ±20% at the limit of quantification of 1 ng/mL for 26 substances. The F test was applied to evaluate if the variance between replicates remained constant for all calibrators. Six weighting factors were analyzed (1/x, 1/x2, 1/x0,5, 1/y, 1/y2 and 1/y0,5), with the weighting factor with the lowest sum of residual regression errors (1/x2) selected. No endogenous or exogenous interferences were observed. Method imprecision and bias were

Aim: To evaluate the influence of identifying victims of air disasters in Sao Paulo on experts’ quality of life (QoL). Methods: QoL was evaluated using the abbreviated version of the World Health Organization (WHO) quality of life questionnaire (WHOQOL-bref). We assessed 29 forensic experts who worked in air disasters in Sao Paulo and 29 experts who have not worked. The results were analyzed with Student’s t-tests; we compared the QoL scores of individuals at the time of the accident with their current QoL scores, and the scores of the control group were compared with the current scores of the disaster group. Results: Statistical analyses revealed a significant decrease in forensic expert QoL when they worked at the accident site, and this result was evident in all WHOQOL-bref domains. No significant difference was observed between the experts’ current QoL scores and those of the control group. Conclusions: The identification of air disaster victims in the city of Sao Paulo significantly decreased expert health-related QoL (HRQoL) with regard to physical and psychological aspects, social relationships and environment domains. This disturbance on the QoL was not persistent over the years.

CUORE (Cryogenic Underground Observatory for Rare Events) is a ton-scale experiment located at LNGS (Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso) in Italy whose goal is to search for neutrino-less double beta decay (0υββ) in 130Te. CUORE exploits an array of 988 TeO2 crystals operated as Low-Temperature Detectors (LTDs) at 10 mK. These detectors show an excellent energy resolution, making the experiment one of the most competitive 0υββ searches in the world. In this scenario, the proposed research deals with the generation of synthetic (mock) data for the study of the CUORE detector response function. The production of synthetic data is a new tool we designed to consider all the missing information from a Montecarlo simulation: the detector non-idealities, as well as noise and pulse shape. The mock data are processed with the CUORE official analysis software, allowing us the evaluation of its impact on the final results.

Enteric methane (CH4) emissions are a natural process in ruminants and can result in up to 12% of energy losses. Hence, decreasing enteric CH4 production constitutes an important step towards improving the feed efficiency of Brazilian cattle herds. The aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship between performance, residual feed intake (RFI), and enteric CH4 emission in growing Nellore cattle (Bos indicus). Performance, RFI and CH4 emission data were obtained from 489 animals participating in selection programs (mid-test age and body weight: 414±159 days and 356±135 kg, respectively) that were evaluated in 12 performance tests carried out in individual pens (n = 95) or collective paddocks (n = 394) equipped with electronic feed bunks. The sulfur hexafluoride tracer gas technique was used to measure daily CH4 emissions. The following variables were estimated: CH4 emission rate (g/day), residual methane emission and emission expressed per mid-test body weight, metabolic body weight, dry matter intake (CH4/DMI), average daily gain, and ingested gross energy (CH4/GE). Animals classified as negative RFI (RFIP .0001) and emitted less g CH4/day (P = 0.0022) than positive RFI animals (RFI>0). Nonetheless, more efficient animals emitted more CH4/DMI and CH4/GE (P < 0.0001), suggesting that the difference in daily intake between animals is a determinant factor for the difference in daily enteric CH4 emissions. In addition, animals classified as negative RFI emitted less CH4 per kg mid-test weight and metabolic weight (P = 0.0096 and P = 0.0033, respectively), i.e., most efficient animals could emit less CH4 per kg of carcass. In conclusion, more efficient animals produced less methane when expressed as g/day and per kg mid-test weight than less efficient animals, suggesting lower emissions per kg of carcass produced. However, it is not possible to state that feed efficiency has a direct effect on enteric CH4 emissions since emissions per kg of consumed dry matter and the percentage of gross energy lost as CH4 are higher for more efficient animals.

Dissertação (mestrado)—Universidade de Brasília, Faculdade de Agronomia e Medicina Veterinária, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Agronegócios, 2019. A integração de uma cadeia de suprimentos é uma das buscas principais de grupos de agentes interessados em transformar insumos em produtos básicos e posteriormente em produtos acabados por meio de agregação de serviços e, principalmente, de valor, tudo isso de forma estrategicamente planejada para atender às necessidades e desejos dos clientes. As cadeias que conseguem constantemente se aprimorar para entregar tais valores buscam formar parcerias inovadoras a fim de conquistar vantagens competitivas, que carregam consigo ganhos para toda a cadeia, por meio de aumento de escala, aumento de produtividade, redução de custos de transação, entre outros. O propósito deste trabalho é estruturar a problemática da integração da cadeia de suprimentos de hortaliças no Distrito Federal, situada na região Centro-Oeste do Brasil, a fim de se encontrar problemas, objetivos, visões, alternativas e opções para orientar um possível tomador de decisões a entender, com mais facilidade, uma relação complexa e desconexa, que há tempos prejudica os ganhos de cada um dos atores diretamente envolvidos, seja o fornecedor de insumos agrícolas, produtores, cooperativas, atravessadores, atacadistas, varejistas, governos e sociedade. Para tanto, este estudo, de natureza aplicada, apresenta uma abordagem qualitativa que visa reunir as informações para mapear como a cadeia de suprimentos de hortaliças é gerida no mundo, no Brasil e no Distrito Federal. Em um primeiro momento, realizaram-se duas revisões sistemáticas de literatura. Ademais, desenvolveu-se um estudo de caso com a utilização de entrevistas semiestruturadas junto principais agentes vinculados à cadeia de suprimentos de hortaliças no DF, cujas perguntas foram direcionadas à compreensão dos fluxos de produtos, informações e finanças da cadeia. A partir das entrevistas, desenvolveu-se mapas cognitivos que, após validados pelos próprios entrevistados, foram unificados em um único mapa agregado. A análise do mapa agregado foi feita com base nos parâmetros determinados na metodologia Strategic Options Development Analisys (SODA). Constatou-se que, para se integrar, os atores precisam desenvolver mecanismos de organização e gestão, para que seja possível equilibrar o poder entre seus agentes e com isso, tornar o processo de negócios mais racional de maneira a torna-lo mais eficiente e lucrativo, especialmente ao se aplicar meios de combate às perdas e desperdícios ao longo da cadeia, que chega a 50% de tudo o que é produzido. The integration of a supply chain is one of the main purposes to generate synergy between agents interested in transforming inputs into outputs in order to generate value that meets the needs and desires of the customers. Supply chains seek to form innovative partnerships to gain competitive advantages, which carry gains for the entire chain, through increased scale, increased productivity, reduced transaction costs, and more. The purpose of this work is to structure the problems of the vegetable supply chain in the Federal District, located in the Center-West region of Brazil, in order to find gaps, objectives, visions, alternatives and options to orient a possible decision maker to understand a complex and disconnected relationship that has long harmed the gains of each of the actors directly involved, whether it be the supplier of agricultural inputs, producers, cooperatives, brokers, wholesalers, retailers, governments and society. To this end, this study, of an applied nature, presents a qualitative approach that aims to gather the most qualified information to map how the vegetable supply chain is managed in the world, in Brazil and in the Federal District. At first, two systematic reviews of literature were carried out. In addition, a case study was developed with the use of semi-structured interviews with the main agents linked to the vegetable supply chain in the DF, whose questions were directed to the understanding of the flows of products, information and finances of the chain. From the interviews, we developed cognitive maps that, after being validated by the interviewees themselves, were unified in a single aggregate map. The analysis of the aggregate map was made based on the parameters determined in the Strategic Options Development Analyzes (SODA) methodology. It was verified that, in order to be integrated, the actors need to develop mechanisms of organization and management, so that it is possible to balance the power between its agents and with that, to make the business process more rational in a way that makes it more efficient and profitable , especially in the application of means to combat losses and wastes along the chain, which amounts to 50% of all that is produced.

Defenders spend significant time interpreting low-level events while attackers, especially Advanced Persistent Threats (APTs), think and plan their activities at a higher strategic level. In this paper, we close this semantic gap by making the attackers’ strategy an explicit machine-readable component of intrusion detection. We introduce the concept of semantic clusters, which combine high-level technique and tactic annotations with a set of events providing evidence for those annotations. We then use a fully automated cybergaming environment, in which a red team is programmed to emulate APT behavior, to assess and improve defensive posture. Semantic clusters both provide the basis of scoring these cybergames and highlight promising defensive improvements. In a set of experiments, we demonstrate effective defensive adjustments which can be made using this higher-level information about adversarial strategy.

Objectives:Understanding how phenotypic traits vary has been a longstanding goal of evolutionary biologists. When examining antibiotic-resistance in bacteria, it is generally understood that the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) has minimal variation specific to each bacterial strain-antibiotic combination. However, there is a less studied resistance trait, the mutant prevention concentration (MPC), which measures the MIC of the most resistant sub-population. Whether and how MPC varies has been poorly understood. Here, we ask a simple, yet important question: How much does the MPC vary, within a single strain-antibiotic association? Using a Staphylococcus species and five antibiotics from five different antibiotic classes—ciprofloxacin, doxycycline, gentamicin, nitrofurantoin, and oxacillin—we examined the frequency of resistance for a wide range of concentrations per antibiotic, and measured the repeatability of the MPC, the lowest amount of antibiotic that would ensure no surviving cells in a 1010 population of bacteria. Results: We found a wide variation within the MPC and distributions that were rarely normal. When antibiotic resistance evolved, the distribution of the MPC changed, with all distributions becoming wider and some multi-modal. Conclusion: Unlike the MIC, there is high variability in the MPC for a given bacterial strain-antibiotic combination.

Objetivo: identificar os fatores associados ao tempo da morte de vítimas de trauma. Método: coorte retrospectiva que analisou laudos de autópsia de vítimas de trauma admitidas em 2015 no Instituto Médico Legal Central de São Paulo, Brasil. O tempo da morte foi identificado a partir do momento da ocorrência do trauma até a confirmação do óbito. O modelo linear generalizado foi aplicado para análise dos dados. Resultados: entre as 1.500 vítimas fatais (75,7% homens; idade média 49,7 anos), prevaleceram as quedas (33,5%), seguidas das agressões (27,8%). Os fatores associados ao tempo da morte foram número de regiões corporais afetadas (p0,001), tipo de trauma (p0,001), sexo (p=0,009), gravidade do trauma segundo New Injury Severity Score (p0,001), agressões (p0,001) e lesões autoprovocadas intencionalmente (p0,001). Conclusão: homens, vítimas de traumas que envolveram intencionalidade de provocar a morte e com elevada gravidade apresentaram tempo de sobrevida reduzido após a(s) lesão(ões).

The abuse of Internet online services by automated programs, known as bots, poses a serious threat to Internet users. Bots target popular Internet online services, such as web blogs and online social networks, to distribute spam and malware. In this work, we will first characterize the human behaviors and bot behaviors in online services. Based on the behavior characterization, we propose an effective detection system to accurately distinguish bots from humans. Our proposed detection system consists of two main components: (1) a client-side logger and (2) a server-side classifier. The client-side logger records user behavioral events such as mouse movement and keystroke data, and provides this data in batches to a server-side classifier which identifies a user as human or bot. Our experimental results demonstrate that our proposed detection is able to achieve very high accuracy with negligible overhead.

A pesquisa investiga aspectos da construção de memórias acerca da ditadura civil-militar no Brasil (1964-1981), a partir da arte contemporânea, verificando a produção de esquecimentos, de presenças e de reflexões. Busca-se reunir elementos para pensar a arte como ferramenta de ativismo e de resistência no tocante aos \"esquecimentos políticos\", sobre as histórias subterrâneas e as memórias traumáticas. Dialoga-se com políticas da memória, do patrimônio e seus critérios de preservação, permeando territórios da informação e da recepção. A memória é compreendida como um espaço vivo, político e simbólico, no qual se lida de maneira dinâmica e criativa com as lembranças, assim como a arte que, por sua vez, torna-se uma aliada, no sentido de poder transformar ausências em presenças e camadas de esquecimentos em narrativas vivas, permeando lacunas e silêncios. Propõe-se uma incursão pela questão da arte como memória em diálogo com amnésias políticas, memórias oficiais e memórias subterrâneas, desdobrando-se a questão para a análise de aspectos sociais desses apagamentos. Busca-se uma compreensão crítica da relação entre estética e política de um período cuja história ainda se debruça na construção de sentidos e significados. The research investigates aspects of building memories on the civil-military dictatorship in Brazil (1964-1981), from the contemporary art. Checking the production of forgetfulness, attendance and reflections. Seeking to gather elements to think about art as activism tool and resistance, with regard to \"political oblivion\", about underground stories and traumatic memories. With a dialogue between political memory, heritage and its preservation criteria, territories information and reception are permeated. Memory is understood as a living space, politically and symbolically, in which memories are dealt in a dynamic and creative way, like in art, which also becomes an ally in the sense of being able to transform absences in attendance and layers of forgetfulness in vivid narratives, permeating gaps and silences. A foray is presented into the art issue as memory in dialogue with political amnesia, official and underground memories, unfolding the matter to the analysis of social aspects of these erasures. Is the search for a critical understanding of the relationship between aesthetics and politics of a period whose story still focuses on the construction of senses and meanings.

The main goal of this study was to evaluate the association between daily cases of hanging suicides and meteorological conditions in Sao Paulo, Brazil. We considered a retrospective observational study based on the analysis of all necroscopic medical-expert reports available in digital form from the central unit of the Instituto Medico Legal (Medical Legal Institute) of Sao Paulo between July 1, 2006 and June 31, 2007. The meteorological variables were combined via Principal Components Analysis. In order to explain their association with the frequency of suicides, Poisson regression models were employed. The analysis suggests that hotter and brighter days are associated with higher incidence of hanging suicides.

This study assesses the interpretive value of cocaine, benzoylecgonine (BZE) and cocaethylene (COET) in skeletal muscle (rectus femoris) in cocaine-using decedents. The distribution of these analytes in cardiac muscle (CM), vitreous humour (VH), femoral blood (FB) and cardiac blood (CB) is also reported. In rectus femoris muscle, the spatial distribution of the analytes was examined across the whole rectus femoris muscle collected from seven fatalities in which cocaine was detected. In six of these cases, death was attributed to trauma and in one case the cause of death was undetermined but suspected to be drug related. In two additional cases analytes were detected in the blood and/or VH but not in the muscle. The muscle was sectioned into 12-15 approximately equal segments, each of which was analysed after homogenisation. Tissue and bio-fluid samples were extracted by solid phase extraction with confirmation and quantification by GC-ion trap-MS/MS. No significant variation was observed in the concentration of any analyte throughout the muscle in the 7 cases analysed. The results reported here are in contrast to a previous study in which great variation in the concentration of some basic drugs (mainly tricyclic antidepressants and benzodiazepines) was observed throughout the thigh muscle bulk (Williams and Pounder, 1997). Analyte concentrations in skeletal muscle (SM) correlated well with those in FB (p0.01). In general, the concentration of cocaine and COET followed the order VHCMSMFB ≥ CB. Cocaine concentrations measured in VH were significantly higher than in blood and muscle. Inter-matrix variations in the concentrations of BZE and COET were less marked. The concentration of BZE exceeded that of cocaine in all matrices and in all cases except one where the time between death and drug intake was suspected to be short. In this case, the cocaine to BZE ratio measured in SM (2.66), CM (2.91) and VH (2.19) was higher than that measured in FB (0.97). Given that the concentrations of cocaine and its metabolites were uniformly distributed throughout the muscle and considering the good correlation observed between muscle and blood, muscle could be of interpretive value in cocaine related deaths. Further, since cocaine is known to have greater post-mortem stability in muscle than blood, concentrations measured in muscle may reflect more closely those at the time of death and might be of particular value in cases with an extended period between death and tissue sampling.

Blog bots are automated scripts or programs that post comments to blog sites, often including spam or other malicious links. An effective defense against the automatic form filling and posting from blog bots is to detect and validate the human presence. Conventional detection methods usually require direct participation of human users, such as recognizing a CAPTCHA image, which can be burdensome for users. In this paper, we present a new detection approach by using behavioral biometrics, primarily mouse and keystroke dynamics, to distinguish between human and bot. Based on passive monitoring, the proposed approach does not require any direct user participation. We collect real user input data from a very active online community and blog site, and use this data to characterize behavioral differences between human and bot. The most useful features for classification provide the basis for a detection system consisting of two main components: a webpage-embedded logger and a server-side classifier. The webpage-embedded logger records mouse movement and keystroke data while a user is filling out a form, and provides this data in batches to a server-side detector, which classifies the poster as human or bot. Our experimental results demonstrate an overall detection accuracy greater than 99%, with negligible overhead.

Introdução: A relação médico-paciente é a base da Medicina e está fundamentada nos princípios da beneficência, não-maleficência, justiça e autonomia. A perícia médica surgiu diante da necessidade da aplicação de conhecimentos técnicos no âmbito do Direito. As diferenças entre essas duas atuações médicas é objeto de conflitos que dificultam a atuação do médico perito. Objetivo: Estabelecer as diferenças e semelhanças entre a relação médico-paciente e a relação perito-periciando. Material e Métodos: Revisão de literatura de artigos e periódicos em língua portuguesa na base de dados Scielo e em livros especializados sobre o assunto. Discussão: A relação médico-paciente se baseia em confiança mútua, estabelecimento de vínculo mútuo, busca por um resultado em comum: diagnóstico e tratamento; há coerência entre a comunicação verbal e não verbal, a anamnese constitui o principal método propedêutico, sendo os exames complementares solicitados para auxiliar o diagnóstico e há o compromisso com o sigilo profissional. Já a relação perito-periciando possui uma natureza investigativa, não havendo uma relação de confiança mútua, a finalidade é o esclarecimento da Justiça e o sigilo profissional não fica restrito ao binômio perito-periciando. A semelhança entre essas duas relações está relacionada à conduta do médico que deve ser pautada na técnica, no respeito, educação e abstenção de julgamentos morais e de valores, além da necessidade de atualização por parte do profissional. Conclusão: A relação médico-paciente e a relação perito-periciando apresentam características peculiaridades e algumas delas são inconfundíveis. Em ambas as situações observamos a importância da atuação médica como essência desta relação e suas consequentes implicações morais, jurídicas e éticas.

Twitter is a new web application playing dual roles of online social networking and microblogging. Users communicate with each other by publishing text-based posts. The popularity and open structure of Twitter have attracted a large number of automated programs, known as bots, which appear to be a double-edged sword to Twitter. Legitimate bots generate a large amount of benign tweets delivering news and updating feeds, while malicious bots spread spam or malicious contents. More interestingly, in the middle between human and bot, there has emerged cyborg referred to either bot-assisted human or human-assisted bot. To assist human users in identifying who they are interacting with, this paper focuses on the classification of human, bot, and cyborg accounts on Twitter. We first conduct a set of large-scale measurements with a collection of over 500,000 accounts. We observe the difference among human, bot, and cyborg in terms of tweeting behavior, tweet content, and account properties. Based on the measurement results, we propose a classification system that includes the following four parts: 1) an entropy-based component, 2) a spam detection component, 3) an account properties component, and 4) a decision maker. It uses the combination of features extracted from an unknown user to determine the likelihood of being a human, bot, or cyborg. Our experimental evaluation demonstrates the efficacy of the proposed classification system.

The detection of covert timing channels is of increasing interest in light of recent exploits of covert timing channels over the Internet. However, due to the high variation in legitimate network traffic, detecting covert timing channels is a challenging task. Existing detection schemes are ineffective at detecting most of the covert timing channels known to the security community. In this paper, we introduce a new entropy-based approach to detecting various covert timing channels. Our new approach is based on the observation that the creation of a covert timing channel has certain effects on the entropy of the original process, and hence, a change in the entropy of a process provides a critical clue for covert timing channel detection. Exploiting this observation, we investigate the use of entropy and conditional entropy in detecting covert timing channels. Our experimental results show that our entropy-based approach is sensitive to the current covert timing channels and is capable of detecting them in an accurate manner.

The abuse of chat services by automated programs, known as chat bots, poses a serious threat to Internet users. Chat bots target popular chat networks to distribute spam and malware. In this paper, we first conduct a series of measurements on a large0 commercial chat network. Our measurements capture a total of 16 different types of chat bots ranging from simple to advanced. Moreover, we observe that human behavior is more complex than bot behavior. Based on the measurement study, we propose a classification system to accurately distinguish chat bots from human users. The proposed classification system consists of two components: 1) an entropy-based classifier; and 2) a Bayesian-based classifier. The two classifiers complement each other in chat bot detection. The entropy-based classifier is more accurate to detect unknown chat bots, whereas the Bayesian-based classifier is faster to detect known chat bots. Our experimental evaluation shows that the proposed classification system is highly effective in differentiating bots from humans.

While most U.S. states have now adopted renewable energy portfolio standards, most also require a certain percentage of such generation to be “home grown.” These requirements lead to volatile and reduced-value markets for renewable energy credits and ultimately increase the cost of renewable energy. A review of the requirements suggests that either national or regional markets be fostered to reduce such adverse impacts of the requirements.

OBJETIVO: Descrição de caso de pneumonia redonda em criança. DESCRIÇÃO DO CASO: Criança do gênero feminino, quatro anos e 11 meses, com dor no corpo, cefaléia e febre sem sinais localizatórios há dois dias. Apresentou radiografia de tórax com imagem redonda em lobo superior do pulmão direito e lobo médio do pulmão esquerdo. O hemograma mostrou leucocitose e neutrofilia. Com a antibioticoterapia, houve resolução do quadro clínico e radiológico. COMENTÁRIOS: Considerando outros diagnósticos diferenciais diante desta apresentação radiológica, em crianças com quadro infeccioso, é razoável aguardar a resposta clínica à antibioticoterapia antes de prosseguir com investigação de maior complexidade.OBJECTIVE: To describe a child with round pneumonia. CASE DESCRIPTION: A 4-years and 11 months old child presented the following symptoms for about two days: pain in the body, headache and fever. The chest radiography showed a round image at the upper lobe of the right lung and in the medium lobe of the left lung. Leukocytosis with neutrophilia was present in the blood count. Therapy with antibiotics improved the clinical status and the radiological picture. COMMENTS: Considering the other differential diagnosis and looking at the radiological presentation of a child with the clinical picture of an infectious disease, it is reasonable to test antibiotic therapy prior to perform more invasive diagnostic procedures.

A avaliação auditiva dos pilotos é realizada anualmente para a obtenção do certificado médico aeronáutico (CMA). Muitos pilotos apresentam perda auditiva, principalmente decorrente da exposição ao ruído e da presbiacusia. Os critérios audiométricos para obtenção do CMA são preconizados pelo Regulamento Brasileiro de Aviação Civil (RBAC), e quando os limiares não são alcançados, é proposto um teste para avaliar se o piloto pode ouvir a voz do examinador em intensidade normal em um ambiente silencioso a 2 metros e de costas para este. No entanto, esse teste não avalia a capacidade de entendimento do piloto. Objetivos: Discutir e propor a utilização da logoaudiometria como teste de escolha nas avaliações dos pilotos civis que não preencherem os requisitos auditivos mínimos na audiometria tonal conforme preconizado pelo RBAC. Relato de caso: Foi avaliado o caso de um piloto que não preencheu os critérios audiométricos preconizados pelo RBAC. Este foi então submetido ao teste de escutar a voz do examinador a 2 metros e de costas para este, com resultado inconclusivo, sendo encaminhado para a realização de logoaudiometria, com resultado alterado. Discussão: A avaliação adequada da audição do piloto civil é de suma importância para não o colocar em risco e nem aos demais tripulantes. Quando o piloto não preenche os critérios audiométricos na audiometria tonal, é proposto que seja realizado um teste a 2 metros do examinador e de costas para este. No entanto, esse teste não avalia a capacidade de entendimento do que é falado. O teste também não estabelece com exatidão como deve ser avaliada a resposta do piloto e o que deve ser falado. Dessa forma é proposta a audiometria vocal com discriminação auditiva (logoaudiometria) como teste de escolha para avaliação dos pilotos que não preenchem os critérios audiométricos do RBAC. Esse teste é de fácil reprodutibilidade, pode ser realizado no mesmo local da audiometria, com palavras foneticamente equilibradas já estabelecidas no português. Conclusão: Na avaliação dos pilotos com perda auditiva na audiometria tonal maior do que a preconizada pelo RBAC é imperativa a utilização de um teste que avalie a capacidade de compreensão das palavras e que seja de fácil reprodução. O teste de mais fácil reprodução, que avalia a discriminação auditiva, é a logoaudiometria, que poderia ser utilizada quando o periciando apresentar perda auditiva na audiometria tonal.

Submitted by Guilherme Lemeszenski (guilherme@nead.unesp.br) on 2013-08-22T18:56:57Z No. of bitstreams: 1 S0102-311X2005000200025.pdf: 71731 bytes, checksum: e86bfed7005fe046271e98d27538de86 (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2013-08-22T18:56:57Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 S0102-311X2005000200025.pdf: 71731 bytes, checksum: e86bfed7005fe046271e98d27538de86 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2005-04-01 Made available in DSpace on 2013-09-30T18:23:36Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 S0102-311X2005000200025.pdf: 71731 bytes, checksum: e86bfed7005fe046271e98d27538de86 (MD5) S0102-311X2005000200025.pdf.txt: 35567 bytes, checksum: c2036656b348785ede1cd0c60409e940 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2005-04-01 Submitted by Vitor Silverio Rodrigues (vitorsrodrigues@reitoria.unesp.br) on 2014-05-20T13:38:05Z No. of bitstreams: 2 S0102-311X2005000200025.pdf: 71731 bytes, checksum: e86bfed7005fe046271e98d27538de86 (MD5) S0102-311X2005000200025.pdf.txt: 35567 bytes, checksum: c2036656b348785ede1cd0c60409e940 (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2014-05-20T13:38:05Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 S0102-311X2005000200025.pdf: 71731 bytes, checksum: e86bfed7005fe046271e98d27538de86 (MD5) S0102-311X2005000200025.pdf.txt: 35567 bytes, checksum: c2036656b348785ede1cd0c60409e940 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2005-04-01 Este estudo avalia os fatores maternos e fetais envolvidos na transmissão vertical do HIV-1 em 47 pares de mãe e filho. As variáveis comportamentais, demográficas e obstétricas foram obtidas mediante entrevista; os dados referentes ao parto e ao recém-nascido, dos prontuários das maternidades. Durante o terceiro trimestre de gestação foi realizada a contagem da carga viral materna e dos linfócitos T CD4+. A média de idade foi de 25 anos e 23,4% das gestantes eram primigestas, e o fator comportamental mais prevalente foi não usar preservativos. Dentre as gestantes, 48,9% tinham células CD4+ superior a 500 células/mm³ e 93,6% se enquadravam na categoria clínica A; 95,7% submeteram-se à profilaxia com zidovudina durante a gestação ou no parto, a qual foi ministrada a todos os recém-nascidos; 50,0% delas foram submetidas à cesárea eletiva. Apesar de expostas a vários fatores de risco e protetores, nenhuma criança tornou-se infectada. A transmissão vertical resulta de um desequilíbrio entre os fatores, com predomínio dos de risco sobre os protetores. This study aimed to evaluate maternal and fetal factors related to vertical transmission of HIV-1. Participants included 47 mother-child pairs. Behavioral, demographic, and obstetric data were obtained through interviews. Data related to delivery and newborns were collected from registries in the maternity hospitals. During the third trimester of pregnancy, CD4+ T lymphocytes and maternal viral load were measured. Mean age of the mothers was 25 years and 23.4% of the pregnant women were primigravidae. The most prevalent behavioral factor was lack of condom use. 48.9% of the women presented a CD4+ count greater than 500 cells/ mm³, and 93.6% belonged to clinical category A. 95.7% of the women received zidovudine prophylaxis during pregnancy or childbirth, and the medication was also administered to all the neonates. 50.0% of patients were submitted to elective cesareans. Despite several risk and protective factors, none of the children was infected. Vertical transmission is an outcome of an imbalance among factors, with a predominance of risk over protective factors. Universidade de Marília Departamento de Pediatria Universidade Estadual Paulista Departamento de Pediatria Faculdade de Medicina de Botucatu Universidade Estadual Paulista Departamento de Pediatria Faculdade de Medicina de Botucatu

Geotechnical Aspects of Underground Construction in Soft Ground. Proceedings of the 7th International Symposium on Geotechnical Aspects of Underground Construction in Soft Ground, Roma, Italy, 17-19 May 2011, ISBN:978-0-415-68367-8, ISBN:978-0-203-80358-5

This study investigated the influence of story interruptions, age, and receptive vocabulary knowledge on sustained attention during multiple sessions of Head Start story time for 32 children, ages 45 to 67 months. Teacher interruptions of the story with relevant remarks increased class attention while nonrelevant remarks did not. Children with less receptive vocabulary knowledge were slow to focus their attention at the beginning of stories and were more likely to be inattentive after teachers had interrupted story reading for nonrelevant remarks. Sustained attention for stories increased with age. This relation was the result of the average length of distraction time decreasing with age, while the number of distractions was not related to age. Results suggest that improving receptive vocabulary knowledge and having an appropriate match between receptive vocabulary knowledge and environmental demands are important for sustained attention during stories. Also, teachers may positively influence attention through the use of relevant interruptions during story reading.