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Adverse immune reactions prevent clinical translation of numerous implantable devices and materials. Although inflammation is an essential part of tissue regeneration, chronic inflammation ultimately leads to implant failure. In particular, macrophage polarity steers the microenvironment toward inflammation or wound healing via the induction of M1 and M2 macrophages, respectively. Here, this paper demonstrates that macrophage polarity within biomaterials can be controlled through integrin-mediated interactions between human monocytic THP-1 cells and collagen-derived matrix. Surface marker, gene expression, biochemical, and cytokine profiling consistently indicate that THP-1 cells within a biomaterial lacking cell attachment motifs yield proinflammatory M1 macrophages, whereas biomaterials with attachment sites in the presence of interleukin-4 (IL-4) induce an anti-inflammatory M2-like phenotype and propagate the effect of IL-4 in induction of M2-like macrophages. Importantly, integrin α2β1 plays a pivotal role as its inhibition blocks the induction of M2 macrophages. The influence of the microenvironment of the biomaterial over macrophage polarity is further confirmed by its ability to modulate the effect of IL-4 and lipopolysaccharide, which are potent inducers of M2 or M1 phenotypes, respectively. Thus, this study represents a novel, versatile, and effective strategy to steer macrophage polarity through integrin-mediated 3D microenvironment for biomaterial-based programming.

This information sheet contains the necessary information to educate mothers in the early weeks after delivery. So in a relaxed opportunity to read it. If you plan to feed your baby by breast feeding, it is necessary to read it prior to discharge from hospital. Note that the duration of breast feeding in the first weeks after the labor is 20 minutes. The best way for breastfeeding is to give the child milk from one breast for 5 minutes and in the remaining 15 minutes to give from the other breast . This will prevent to fall asleep child on the breast and will prevent to breastfeeding from single breast.

Herein, a novel Ti3C2Tx MXene and polyaniline nanocomposite is successfully synthesized and used for the highly efficient extraction of parabens. Polyaniline (PANI) nanofibers have formed a porous and peculiar π–π conjugated structure on hydrophilic MXene sheets, providing numerous adsorption sites for microextraction of analytes with moderate polarities such as parabens. The method is simple and sensitive, using microextraction by packed sorbent coupled with a high‐performance liquid chromatography‐ultraviolet detector. Under the optimal conditions, the method provides suitable preconcentrating factors of 28–35, ultrahigh sensitivity with low limits of detection of 0.3–0.5 µg/L, wide linearity of 0.3.0–200 µg/L with coefficients of determination ≥ 0.9983, and satisfactory precision with relative standard deviations ≤ 10.7%. The outstanding performance has been confirmed in well water and orange juice samples, with recoveries in the range of 93.1%–101.2% for water and 90.6%–103.4% for orange juice samples, respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

SUMMARY: Animal feed hygiene is a critical aspect of ensuring the safety and well-being of animals and the quality of animal products. Contamination of animal feed can lead to various hazards and diseases, affecting both animal diseases and human food safety. Observance of poultry feed hygiene in feed mill factories should be one of the most important issues to witness a reduction in cost and increase in production. Food/feed safety veterinarian should be to control of hygiene of human/animal commodity to safety and public health. Microbial hazards are major agent which seen in food/feed and secondary metabolites of fungal is named of mycotoxin are highly toxic metabolits compounds that produced in ingredient and finish feedstuffs. The effects of mycotoxin on poultry include reduced feed intake, growth performance, immunity, antioxidants status and blood parameters, and they have been associated with increased mortality, carcinogenicity, teratogenicity and organ damage in poultry industry. Poultry feed hygiene regulations are crucial for ensuring the safety and quality of animal feed products. The aim of this study was to prevent the contamination of poultry feed with harmful substances are control of its negative impact on poultry health and human food safety. This review provides an overview of feed health factors with the importance of mycotoxins and poultry feed contamination by natural toxins. Contamination of raw materials with mycotoxins in poultry feedstuffs during production is a significant challenge for the safety and quality of finish poultry feed. The importance of monitoring and controlling mycotoxin contamination in poultry feedstuffs to ensure poultry/human health. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of the presentation investigation was to fabricate an intelligent edible film based on potato starch/Coleus scutellarioides anthocyanin extract (CSAE)/nano-ZnO. Then the edible film was investigated to monitor the chicken fillets. The active film was made by casting the potato starch/(CSAE)/nano-ZnO with glycerol/sorbitol (40 w/w%) on casting plates. CSAE was added into edible films (7, 15 and, 30 ml), and the films based on potato starch/(CSAE)/nano-ZnO characteristics, such as mechanical, color, and barrier behaviors were investigated. The active films with different concentrations of 7, 15 and, 30 ml of CSAE represented significantly (p<0.05) lower water vapor permeability (WVP) than the pure biofilm with respective values of 2.66 2.4 and 1.43<1011(gm-1s-1Pa-1). The tensile strength of the intelligent films significantly decreased (p<0.05) from 192.51 to 151.33 MPa by the adding 30 ml of CSAE into the film. Based on the results, the L* index was significantly higher (p<0.05) in the film containing 30 ml of CSAE. The lowest a* factor was obtained in the film without extract. At the end of the preservation time, the TVB-N value of chicken fillets reached 38.25 mg N/100, and the mentioned index significantly increased (p<0.05), the color characteristics of the intelligent edible films also changed. The color of the active films based on potato starch/nano-ZnO/CSAE was purple, but the a* index significantly decreased. Therefore, the biodegradable film based on potato starch/nano-ZnO/CSAE can be utilized as a biocompatible indicator of chicken fillets. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Within a cell, protein-bound methionines can be chemically or enzymatically oxidized, and subsequently reduced by methionine sulfoxide reductases (Msrs). Methionine oxidation can result in structural damage or be the basis of functional regulation of enzymes. In addition to participating in redox reactions, methionines play an important role as the initiator residue of translated proteins where they are commonly modified at their a-amine group by formylation or acetylation. Here, we investigated how formylation and acetylation of initiator methionines impact their propensity for oxidation and reduction. We show that in vitro, N-terminal methionine residues are particularly prone to chemical oxidation and that their modification by formylation or acetylation greatly enhances their subsequent enzymatic reduction by MsrA and MsrB. Concordantly, in vivo ablation of methionyl-tRNA formyltransferase (MTF) in Escherichia coli increases the prevalence of oxidized methionines within synthesized proteins. We show that oxidation of formylated initiator methionines is detrimental in part because it obstructs their ensuing deformylation by peptide deformylase (PDF) and hydrolysis by methionyl aminopeptidase (MAP). Thus, by facilitating their reduction, formylation mitigates the misprocessing of oxidized initiator methionines. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Premature newborns admitted to neonatal intensive care units (NICUs) undergo numerous painful interventions during care and treatment. The purpose of this study was to compare the effects of using sucrose and kangaroo mother care by on selected physiological variables and pain resulting from venipuncture in premature infants admitted to NICUs affiliated with Shiraz University of Medical Sciences. Methods: This clinical trial included premature infants admitted to 2 NICUs. The sample size consisted of 66 neonates, with 22 newborns in each group. Randomization was performed using the block allocation method. Data collection involved a demographic questionnaire, the neonatal infant pain scale, and a pulse oximetry device. Friedman, Kruskal–Wallis, and Dunn's post hoc tests employed for data analysis, with a significance level of P < 0.05. Results: The use of oral sucrose and kangaroo care demonstrated significant differences in breathing rate, heart rate, and average arterial blood oxygen saturation during and after venipuncture (P < 0.05). Oral sucrose was found to be significantly more effective than kangaroo care. Neonates under kangaroo care exhibited more regular heart rates compared to the other group (P < 0.05). The utilization of oral sucrose and kangaroo care had varying effects on the average pain score resulting from venipuncture in premature neonates (P < 0.05). Conclusions: Both methods proved effective in reducing pain and improving physiological variables. However, due to the superior effectiveness of sucrose administration, it is recommended as a cost-effective and easily implementable method in NICUs. Trial registration: Iranian Registry of Clinical Trials IRCT20191215045749N1. (29/03/2020). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Up-regulation of the microRNA-625 and abnormal expression of the Sox2 gene have been studied and seen in several tumors. Few reports have also shown the aberrant expression of miR-625 and Sox2 expression in various cancers. Several studies have also confirmed that phosphatidylinositol 3' -kinase /protein kinase B pathways regulate hematological malignancies, including Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML). Thus, this study aimed to investigate the effects of mir-625 up-regulation on proliferation, apoptosis, and cell cycle by targeting the Sox2 gene via the downstream Akt signaling pathway and cell cycle regulators, such as p21, p27, and cyclin E in the KG-1 cell line. Materials and Methods: Cells obtained from the KG-1 cell line were cultured and transfected with plasmid DNA (miR-625) and scrambled as the control using the Lonza electroporation system. Flow cytometry was used to evaluate cell cycle, proliferation, and apoptosis. Relative gene expression was validated by qRT-PCR. All data were analyzed using graph pad prism 7.01 and REST 2009. Results: KG-1 cells transfected with the mir625-GFP construct showed decreased proliferation, increased apoptosis, and induced cell cycle arrest. Low levels of Sox2, p21, cyclin E, and up-regulation of p27 were confirmed and validated by qRT-PCR ( P < 0.05 ). Conclusion: MiR-625 can be a promising approach to aid in the treatment of AML. However, further studies are required in this field. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: Compiling and designing short and practical psychometric tools are among the benefits and strengths of a good standard test. The Delirium-O-Meter questionnaire measures patients' delirium status. Accordingly, the main aim of this research was to check the reliability and validity of the Persian version of this questionnaire. Method: This exploratory psychometric study was conducted from 2021 to 2022 at the therapeutic research training centers of Tabriz University of Medical Sciences. The study population included patients diagnosed with delirium. Content and construct validity were assessed using exploratory factor analysis and confirmatory factor analysis. Exploratory factor analysis was performed using SPSS 18, which helped identify the underlying factor structure, while confirmatory factor analysis in Smart PLS was employed to confirm the structure's fit. Pearson correlation was used to evaluate the consistency between different raters, and Cronbach's alpha was calculated to assess internal consistency. These methods were selected for their robustness in evaluating the instrument's psychometric properties, ensuring the reliability and validity of the Persian version of the Delirium-O-Meter questionnaire. Results: The Persian version of the Delirium-O-Meter questionnaire, consisting of 11 items, demonstrated strong psychometric properties. The average impact factor was 3.24, indicating a high relevance of the items. The content validity ratio was 0.78, and the content validity index was 0.87, both above the acceptable thresholds, confirming the content validity of the questionnaire. Cronbach's alpha coefficient for the entire questionnaire was 0.77, reflecting good internal consistency. The Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin index was 0.88, and Bartlett's sphericity test was significant (χ² = 278.45, P < 0.001), indicating the appropriateness of the data for factor analysis. Exploratory factor analysis revealed two factors that explained 76.09% of the total variance, supporting the questionnaire's construct validity. Additionally, Pearson's correlation coefficient between the assessments of two nurses was 0.91, signifying inter-rater solid reliability. Conclusion: The Persian version of the Delirium-O-Meter questionnaire demonstrates acceptable reliability and validity, as confirmed by the comprehensive psychometric evaluation conducted in this study. The strong internal consistency, significant content and construct validity, and high inter-rater reliability underscore its effectiveness in assessing delirium in Persian-speaking patients. These findings highlight the questionnaire's suitability for clinical use, providing a reliable and valid instrument for accurately diagnosing and managing delirium in diverse healthcare settings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: Hair cortisol concentration (HCC) indicates chronic stress exposure, which is a risk factor in the pathogenesis of burnout and depression. However, findings on HCC are inconsistent. Similarly, intervention studies show mixed effects on HCC. The present study aimed to shed light on these inconsistencies, by additionally considering also hair cortisone. Methods: Twenty-five patients with a burnout-related depressive disorder receiving a multimodal inpatient treatment for clinical burnout and 17 matched healthy controls participated in this study. All participants provided 1 cm long hair samples at the beginning and end of the treatment. HCC and hair cortisone levels (HCNC) were determined. Meteorological data and duration of sick leave were considered as potential covariates. Burnout and depression were assessed with self-ratings, the latter also with examiner ratings. Results: There were no significant group differences in glucocorticoid levels. Treatment led to a decrease in both depression severity and hair glucocorticoid concentration in inpatients, while lower HCNC in particular predicted a greater reduction in depression severity. Moreover, meteorological data and the duration of sick leave were also found to have an effect on hair glucocorticoid concentrations. Conclusions: These results suggest that multimodal inpatient treatment of clinical burnout considerably reduced stress on both a psychological and biological level. In parallel, hair glucocorticoids appear to be sensitive biomarkers for the evaluation of treatment success and prediction. Examining both HCC and HCNC in intervention studies may provide clearer results than the usual examination of HCC alone. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Aberrant expression of mitochondrial proteins impairs cardiac function and causes heart disease. The mechanism of regulation of mitochondria encoded protein expression during cardiac disease, however, remains underexplored. Here, we show that multiple pathogenic cardiac stressors induce the expression of miR‐574 guide and passenger strands (miR‐574‐5p/3p) in both humans and mice. miR‐574 knockout mice exhibit severe cardiac disorder under different pathogenic cardiac stresses while miR‐574‐5p/3p mimics that are delivered systematically using nanoparticles reduce cardiac pathogenesis under disease insults. Transcriptomic analysis of miR‐574‐null hearts uncovers family with sequence similarity 210 member A (FAM210A) as a common target mRNA of miR‐574‐5p and miR‐574‐3p. The interactome capture analysis suggests that FAM210A interacts with mitochondrial translation elongation factor EF‐Tu. Manipulating miR‐574‐5p/3p or FAM210A expression changes the protein expression of mitochondrial‐encoded electron transport chain (ETC) genes but not nuclear‐encoded mitochondrial ETC genes in both human AC16 cardiomyocyte cells and miR‐574‐null murine hearts. Together, we discovered that miR‐574 regulates FAM210A expression and modulates mitochondrial‐encoded protein expression, which may influence cardiac remodeling in heart failure.

Since the late 1970s, the term Orientalism has been closely associated with Edward Said (d. 2003) and his influential monograph of the same name. First published in 1978, Orientalism advanced a number of critiques about the discipline of “Oriental Studies”, its frequently condescending portrayal and depiction of the Eastern world, and the complex relationship between knowledge and power in the context of the Middle East. As revolutionary as a number of Said’s theses have been, in his critique of Orientalism and in particular his penetrating analysis of the relationship between knowledge and power, Said was not breaking entirely new ground. In fact, seven decades earlier, a voice from the Orient itself, the Persian Bahā’ī scholar Mīrzā Abu’l-Faḍā’il-i Gulpāyigānī (d. 1914), expressed a similar, albeit embryonic, critique of Orientalism. Abu’l-Faḍā’il’s analysis, presented in the opening chapters of his final book Kashfu’l-Ghiṭā’, focused on one of the foremost Orientalists of his time, the Cambridge scholar Edward Granville Browne (d. 1926). Rather than studying the extent to which Browne fits the paradigm of Orientalism (a topic some scholars have previously expressed views on), this article explores ways in which Abu’l-Faḍā’il’s critique of Browne’s study of the Orient can be viewed as a nascent prefiguration of some of the theses developed and advanced by Said decades later. Gulpāyigānī’s precedence as a Bahā’ī scholar in discerning and addressing the link between Western scholars’ knowledge production and the colonial power relations of their respective governments with the countries or areas they studied, helps correct a misconception forged about Bahā’īs. Historical narratives produced in anti-Bahā’ī polemics decades after Gulpāyigānī’s death created a master-narrative that cast Bahā’īs as agents of colonial powers, sweeping under the rug counterarguments such as those posed by Gulpāyigānī’s critique. The authors of this article have been motivated by this corrective goal.

Natural hydrogels are promising scaffolds to engineer epidermis. Currently, natural hydrogels used to support epidermal regeneration are mainly collagen- or gelatin-based, which mimic the natural dermal extracellular matrix but often suffer from insufficient and uncontrollable mechanical and degradation properties. In this study, a photocrosslinkable gelatin (i.e., gelatin methacrylamide (GelMA)) with tunable mechanical, degradation, and biological properties is used to engineer the epidermis for skin tissue engineering applications. The results reveal that the mechanical and degradation properties of the developed hydrogels can be readily modified by varying the hydrogel concentration, with elastic and compressive moduli tuned from a few kPa to a few hundred kPa, and the degradation times varied from a few days to several months. Additionally, hydrogels of all concentrations displayed excellent cell viability (>90%) with increasing cell adhesion and proliferation corresponding to increases in hydrogel concentrations. Furthermore, the hydrogels are found to support keratinocyte growth, differentiation, and stratification into a reconstructed multilayered epidermis with adequate barrier functions. The robust and tunable properties of GelMA hydrogels suggest that the keratinocyte laden hydrogels can be used as epidermal substitutes, wound dressings, or substrates to construct various in vitro skin models.