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The health sector has prioritized the physical health of vulnerable Generation X individuals at high Coronavirus risk. Despite vaccination efforts, both infected and healthy people continue facing health threats. Unlike other industries devastated by COVID-19, wearable fitness technology equipment (WFTE) is essential for health-focused individuals. This research examined customers' intention to use WFTE using an adapted Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) framework. A key contribution is the inclusion of perceived health risk and its impact on WFTE value perceptions and usage attitudes post-pandemic. The study gathered qualitative data from coronavirus patients and survey data from 513 participants. Structural equation modeling analysis supported the theoretical model. While the standard TAM evaluated intent to use WFTE, this study uniquely examined how WFTE's functional, hedonic, and symbolic value shapes its perceived value. Perceived health risk was found to significantly impact perceived WFTE value and usage attitudes after the pandemic recovery. Findings offer managerial implications to boost WFTE adoption among the vulnerable Generation X demographic.

This study sought to ascertain the general perceptions regarding the significance attributed to various passenger motor vehicle brands among Generation X, a demographic group that constitutes most car purchasers. The research was carried out in the province of KwaZulu-Natal, where data was gathered from four higher education institutions. A study was conducted utilising a quantitative, descriptive, and cross-sectional research design. The survey method was employed to collect data from a sample of 400 individuals affiliated with a university as either staff or students belonging to the Generation X cohort. The data was analysed using descriptive statistics by means of the SPSS version 23. The research examined distinct brand dimensions, specifically focusing on factors associated with quality, value, personal and group identity, status, and family traditions. The results of this study indicate that a significant proportion of the participants expressed agreement with the notion that their selection of a vehicle brand was influenced by factors such as perceived quality, value, individual and collective identity, social status, and family traditions This study could provide valuable insights to scholars, professionals in the industry, and motor vehicle brand manufacturers, enabling them to develop a comprehensive comprehension of the challenges faced within the industry, academia, and consumer domain pertaining to the perceptions surrounding various motor vehicle brands. Moreover, the results of this research can serve as a valuable tool for identifying a more suitable marketing approach to enhance consumer attitudes towards automotive brands.

Purpose: This paper attempts to answer the following questions: does the level of organisational commitment of employees’ generations differ significantly as well as which generation has the highest and which the lowest level of organisational commitment? Its purpose is to identify the differences in the level of commitment between generations of employees and to recognise generations that are characterized by its lowest and highest level. Methodology: The paper presents the results of a survey conducted among students and their family members representing diverse generations of employees. The sample consisted of 396 respondents of Baby Boomers and Generations X, Y, Z. The differences in the level of organizational commitment and its components between these generations were analyzed with the use of descriptive statistics, ANOVA analysis and nonparametric tests. Findings: The levels of commitment differed significantly between the examined generations of employees. Generation Z was characterised by the lowest level, while Baby Boomers by the highest level of commitment. The findings also suggested that generation Y was more similar to generation Z than to generation X regarding organisational commitment. Research limitations/implications: In future research, it would be particularly important to find out what activities are carried out to increase employee commitment in relation to the different generations of employees in organisations and whether they are in line with employees' needs and expectations. The purposive sampling method means that the results of the study are not representative and cannot be generalised, so a random sampling method should be used in the future. Practical implications: By providing insight into generational differences in organisational commitment, the study can contribute to the formulation of effective age-related policies adapted to the specific characteristics of employees’ generations in organisations. Value: This study has provided empirical evidence on differences in the level of organisational commitment and its components between generations that were absent for four generations of employees. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article proposes that WhatsApp can offer insights into couples' relationships. Based on Gottman's therapy model, which mathematically analyzes marital conflicts, this study focuses on couples' WhatsApp correspondence and asks to what extent it reflects the offline relationships of Generation X. The research was conducted over a year using semi-structured interviews with 18 couples who have been in a relationship for at least 5 years. The couples described their discourse on WhatsApp and the dynamics of their relationship offline. The findings indicate that WhatsApp use mirrors offline relationships. The following four types of interaction were identified: (1) technical, (2) practical, (3) casual, and (4) emotional. In addition, the following three patterns of conflictual behavior that correspond with Gottman's distinctions were identified: (1) logical, (2) emotional, and (3) avoidant. The article cites WhatsApp's potential for behavioral observation and the possibility of using it to change relationship dynamics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Digital information adoption among the older generation is becoming interesting, and e-reading consumption is an important phenomenon. The current study explores the e-reading consumption experience among Pakistani generation X readers (Xers) through the theory of planned behaviour (TPB), along with TPB model validation through a larger sample. A mixed-method research design (exploratory sequential) was employed. The study was completed in two phases; the first phase was qualitative based on nine (n = 9) in-depth face-to-face interviews. In the second phase, a quantitative research design was employed. A survey questionnaire was developed based on the TPB model and outcomes of the first phase, and the data were collected from 250 Xers from Pakistani public libraries. The first phase outlined numerous positive consequences and challenges specific to the behavioural beliefs. The circle of friends, colleagues and supervisors encourage e-reading consumption given the benefits, speed, and saver of time, cost, and effort, to name a few. Notably, e-reading consumption intention leaves no alternative for Xers in the digital information era. The results of second phase show that seven out of nine proposed hypotheses were supported significantly H2 (β = 0.33, p =.00), H3 (β = 0.20, p =.02), H4 (β = 0.27, p =.00), H6 (β = 0.22, p =.01), H7 (β = 0.18, p =.03), H8 (β =.28, p =.00) and H9 (β = −0.15, p =.04), whereas H1 (β = −0.03, p =.66) and H5 (β = −0.02, p =.73) were rejected. The current study extends the theoretical foundations of TPB in the age of digital information consumption by exploring dimensions qualitatively and tested that proposed relationship quantitatively from a developing country context, Pakistani Xers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, it was aimed to examine the digital game addiction status of the individuals in the X, Y, Z generation, as the birth year range, residing in the province of Bitlis. In the study, a total of 216 volunteers, including 46 people (21.2%) born in the X generation, 103 people (47.6%) born in the Y generation, and 67 (31%) born in the Z generation, in Bitlis province. Relational survey model, one of the quantitative research methods, was used in the research. "Personal Information Form" and "Digital Game Addiction Scale" were used as data collection tools in the research. This scale is a scale in which 7 items are used, consisting of a single sub-dimension, and the internal consistency coefficient of the scale, Chronbach Alpha value, was found to be α=0.72. In this research; It was determined that Chronbach's alpha (α) values were sufficient for reliability at a high level (α=0.99). The data were analyzed using the SPSS 22 statistical program. Skewness and kurtosis values were examined to select the tests to be used in the analysis of the data. Since the data set was between -2.5 and +2.5, which are the limits determined by Tabachnick & Fidel (2013), it was assumed that the data set had a normal distribution and therefore parametric tests were used. Based on the findings obtained from the research, demographic variables of individuals born in the X, Y, Z generation; gender, year of birth, education, doing sports, playing digital games, duration of playing digital games and harmful habits were analyzed. In conclusion; While a significant difference was found according to the variables of education, regular sports, playing digital games, playing digital games of the individuals in the X, Y, Z generation, no significant difference was found according to the variable of birth year and harmful habits. As a result of the regression analysis; It was determined that there was a positive and low-level significant relationship between individuals in Generation X, Y and Z and the digital game playing addiction scale. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Cultural Studies / Kültür Araştırmaları Dergisi is the property of Journal of Cultural Studies / Kultur Arastirmalari Dergisi and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to identify expectations of women active in the labor market from the generation perspective (Generations X, Y, Z). Design/methodology/approach: The presented research comprises results of pilot studies carried out among women in active employment in the contemporary labor market representing the following generations: X, Y and Z, and forms part of a larger research project. The pilot study used an original online survey questionnaire (CAWI) made available to respondents via the survio.com portal. The analyzes were performed using Statistica version 14.0. Findings: The research shows that there exist differences in terms of expectations regarding work among women. The older generation of women focuses on keeping their current jobs, while the younger generations (Y, Z) focus on finding their own professional path. The research shows how much the salary, the type of contract and benefits offered by employers are important among employees, no matter to which generation they belong. Research limitations/implications: The results presented in this paper comprise data collected during pilot studies. They are a contribution to further research in the presented area. Practical implications: The research shows that employers need to develop personalized job offers for specific groups of employees (taking into account their generational affiliation, seniority, experience, stage of professional development). Originality/value: The article focuses on identifying current needs and expectations among women in active employment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Bursa Uludağ Journal of Economy & Society / Bursa Uludağ Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi is the property of Uludag Universitesi Iktisadi ve Idari Bilimler Fakultesi Dergisi and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Generational differences in work values, specifically in India, are now having an impact on organizational effectiveness and workplace environments. Even though a wide range of perspectives, experiences, and skill sets might be valuable to a business, generational mixing can also lead to conflict and a lack of agreement in the workplace. Such disagreements have a negative effect on the workplace since they reduce productivity and negatively damage employee morale. To solve the problems of inefficiency caused by the generation gap, different generations in the workplace must understand the differences between the three generations and be able to get along with each other. Examining the differences between three generations in the workplace is the purpose of the study. The study also aims to examine how different generations have different work values. To examine the current situation in IT companies of Delhi and NCR. A total of 450 employees completed a questionnaire. Baby Boomers were defined as those born between (1946–1964), Generation X was born between (1965-1980) and Generation Y was born between (1981–1996). The values of status and freedom at work were more important to the younger group than to the older group. There were significant generational differences, with Baby Boomers having higher status values and extrinsic values in organizations than Generation X and Generation Y. Values have an important role in directing behaviour and improving work motivation. An organization's work values and expectations must be clarified to workers, and values must be flexible enough to satisfy the demands of various employees. Furthermore, Generation Y is the first generation that has grown up with the Internet; as a result, they consider working together virtually to be standard procedure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Riwayat: Educational Journal of History & Humanities is the property of Riwayat: Educational Journal of History & Humanities and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

We examine how generations X, Y, and Z might react to market-moving events over short- and long-term horizons to maintain an optimal balance among risk, return, and investor preferences. To analyze various portfolio variants, we use data on selected global assets and several types of economic and non-economic events for 2000-2021H1, applying the mean-variance optimization procedure. According to our results, in optimal portfolios, fixed-income assets dominate and are the main driver of portfolio adjustments. Portfolios with short-term horizons with less risk-averse investors and those for generation Z are the most reactive to analyzed types of events. None of the events per se creates an extraordinary opportunity to increase returns. However, expansionary monetary policy generates the greatest potential for incremental returns. Our findings provide practical implications for investors on how to adjust their portfolios in response to significant market events. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nitrogen fixation, production of NO and NO2 from N2 and O2 in air, has been investigated with transient spark self-pulsing DC discharges. NO production is boosted by the addition of capacitors and an inductor to the electrical circuit which drives the discharge. The quantity of NO produced per joule of electrical input energy is doubled, though the quantity of NO2 produced drops. The yield of NO is also increased because the modified circuit enables higher discharge currents to be used. NO concentrations as high as 2000 ppm were obtained with input energy densities of around 300 J per liter of input gas, whilst NO2 concentrations were around 150 ppm. This simple modification of the driving circuit may have potential for optimizing the plasma chemistry with other input gas mixtures and for scaling up nitrogen fixation from air. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aimed to explore the experiences, perceptions, knowledge, concerns, and intentions of Generation Z (Gen Z) students with Generation X (Gen X) and Generation Y (Gen Y) teachers regarding the use of generative AI (GenAI) in higher education. A sample of students and teachers were recruited to investigate the above using a survey consisting of both open and closed questions. The findings showed that Gen Z participants were generally optimistic about the potential benefits of GenAI, including enhanced productivity, efficiency, and personalized learning, and expressed intentions to use GenAI for various educational purposes. Gen X and Gen Y teachers acknowledged the potential benefits of GenAI but expressed heightened concerns about overreliance, ethical and pedagogical implications, emphasizing the need for proper guidelines and policies to ensure responsible use of the technology. The study highlighted the importance of combining technology with traditional teaching methods to provide a more effective learning experience. Implications of the findings include the need to develop evidence-based guidelines and policies for GenAI integration, foster critical thinking and digital literacy skills among students, and promote responsible use of GenAI technologies in higher education. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Growth curve analysis can help to optimize the management, determine nutritional requirements, predict the weight of animals at a specific age, and to select highly productive animals. Therefore, this study aimed to find the best-fitted nonlinear functions to provide a specific shape of the growth curve from birth to yearling age in different generations of Boer x Central Highland goats. Gompertz, Logistic, Brody, Von Bertalanffy, Monomolecular, Negative exponential, and Richards models were evaluated to quantify their ability to describe the biological growth curve. Root mean square error (RMSE), Bayesian information criterion (BIC), adjusted coefficient of determination (AdjR2), and Akaike's information criterion (AIC) were used to evaluate the goodness of fit and flexibility of the models. Data were analyzed using the nonlinear regression procedure of SAS. High AdjR2 and lower AIC, BIC, and RMSE values are indicators of best-fitted model. The best-fitting model for the first filial generation (F1), second filial generation (F2), and male goats' growth data was Brody function, whereas the Richards model, followed by Brody, best described the growth of third filial generation (F3) and female goats. The values of parameter A (asymptotic weight) for F1, F2, F3, female, and male goats based on the Brody model were 30.5±1.32, 28.2±1.38, 24.4±1.04, 27.8±0.94, and 29.8±1.32 kg for F1, F2, F3, female, and male goats, respectively. As per the best-fitted growth function, the asymptotic weight tended to reduce when the filial generation increased. The asymptotic weight for male goats was higher than for female goats. F1 had a slightly small value of parameter K, followed by F2 and F3. Both males and females had similar maturity rates. Based on the Brody function, the correlation between maturation rate and mature weight was high (-0.98, P<0.001). The correlation estimates for A-B and B-K were 0.27 and -0.15, respectively. Brody was best fitted for most goat categories, although Richards, followed by Brody, was best fitted for female and F3 goats. Besides, Brody could be better than Richards due to the ease of interpretation, convergence, and applicability for a small sample size. Therefore, the Brody function can predict the mature body weight, maturation rate, and growth rate of Boer x Central Highland goats and be used to formulate breeding and management strategies for profitable goat farming. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The topological phase revolutionized wave transport, enabling integrated photonic interconnects with sharp light bending on a chip. However, the persistent challenge of momentum mismatch during intermedium topological mode transitions due to material impedance inconsistency remains. We present a 100-Gbps topological wireless communication link using integrated photonic devices that conserve valley momentum. The valleyconserved silicon topological waveguide antenna achieves a 12.2-dBi gain, constant group delay across a 30-GHz bandwidth and enables active beam steering within a 36° angular range. The complementary metal oxide semiconductor-compatible valley-conserved devices represent a major milestone in hybrid electronic-photonic-based topological wireless communications, enabling terabit-per-second backhaul communication, high throughput, and intermedium transport of information carriers, vital for the future of communication from the sixth to X generation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Identifying the next generation of leaders is fundamental for union renewal. Taking a sequential mixed methods approach using interview (n = 25) and survey (n = 4765) data, our study seeks to identify roadblocks members may face on the path to union leadership. Specifically, we explore the impact of union efficacy, perceived role ambiguity and perceived work role overload on union members' intentions to pursue a leadership role. We found perceptions of union efficacy positively influenced leadership intentions, while perceived work role ambiguity and overload had a negative impact. Generational cohort (Boomer, Gen X, Millennial) moderated the relationship between perceived work role overload and leadership intentions, but not the other relationships in the model. Findings from this study help unions develop strategies to motivate members to take on leadership roles. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Miniaturized photonic devices at the terahertz (THz) band are envisioned to bring significant enhancement to data transfer capacity and integration density for computing and future wireless communications. Broadband silicon waveguiding technology has continuously matured to advance low-loss platforms for integrated solutions. However, challenges are faced in realizing compact waveguiding platforms with different degrees of bends due to bend induced losses and mode distortion. Here, we demonstrate multiple bend incorporated photonic crystal waveguide platforms for multicarrier on-chip transmission. Our silicon interconnect device exhibits optimized bending radius to the free space wavelength ratio of 0.74, without signal distortion and transmission bandwidth of 90 GHz, representing 25.4% fractional bandwidth at 355 GHz. The broadband waveguide interconnect enables an aggregate data transfer rate of 327 Gbps by sending the complex modulated data over multiple carriers. This work augments the development of THz photonic integrated circuit for the future generations of on-chip high data rate interconnect and wireless communication, ranging from the sixth to X generation (6G to XG). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study explored generational differences in hardiness personality levels. The study used a cross-sectional method and had 128 subjects who were selected using stratified purposive sampling. Data was collected using Bartone's modified dispositional resilience (hardiness) scale. Data analysis was conducted using One-way Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) to determine whether; there is a significant difference between generations X, Y, and Z in their hardiness personality; and whether Generation X had the highest score in the Control, Challenge, and Commitment dimensions. Through analysis, it was found that there was a significant difference between generation X and Z in the Challenge dimension a significant difference between both Generation; X and Y with Z in the Commitment dimension. Meanwhile, all generations had no differences in the Control dimension. Furthermore, we also found that Generation X had the highest score on challenge and commitment dimensions, but Generation Z had the highest score on control. Based on this, support is needed according to the needs of each individual, such as making Generation X a guide to increase their control and providing space for Generation Z to make decisions independently. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The advent of the digital age thrust seasoned educators from older generations into a transformative educational landscape. Among these educators, Generation X (born approximately between 1965 and 1980) emerged as pivotal figures bridging the analog and digital eras. Employing a descriptive qualitative approach, this study delves into the narratives of Generation X educators in the Philippines who continue to teach in the digital age. The research aims to uncover the insights they have acquired throughout this transformative journey, both as individuals and as educators in the digital era. Thirteen Generation X educators, selected through volunteer sampling, participated in semi-structured interviews, and their data were subjected to thematic analysis. The research uncovers three prominent themes illuminating the evolving landscape of pedagogy and continuous learning, the pursuit of educational equilibrium, and the imperative of adaptation and thriving amidst change. These insights advocate for policies that foster pedagogical innovation, teacher training programs that empower educators with essential digital-age skills, and classroom practices that cultivate dynamic, reciprocal, and evidence-based learning environments. Implications for further research are also offered. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Historical documents are often severely damaged, making it impossible to open them manually without causing further damage. To address this challenge, computed tomography (CT) has emerged as a non-destructive method to explore the inside in a different way. However, the use of ionising radiation in CT scanning raises concerns about its impact on fragile historical documents. This study presents a methodology that uses a test object to conduct preliminary investigations to evaluate the capability of a CT scanner for digital preservation of historical documents. By assessing the feasibility and determining the setting parameters in advance, the X-ray exposure to historical documents can be minimised. For this purpose, a large dataset of inter-page distances was obtained from CT scans of a specially developed test object. The results obtained show a consistent correlation between the page-to-page distances and the derived modulation depths. This method offers great potential for assessing the separability of the pages of historical documents even before they are exposed to radiation for digitisation. Overall, this study helps to reduce the impact of X-ray radiation on sensitive historical documents during digitisation using CT, with the aim of preserving this fragile cultural heritage for future generations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: This study aims to examine the phenomenon of self-perceived age (SPA) identity for Generation X (GenX) women in the UK. Squeezed between the more ubiquitous "boomer" and "millennial" cohorts, and now with both gender and age stigma-related challenges, this study looks to provide insights for understanding this group for marketing. Design/methodology/approach: This study adopts an existential phenomenological approach using a hybrid structured/hermeneutic research design. Data is collected using solicited diary research (SDR) that elicits autoethnographic insights into the lived experiences of GenX women, these in the context of SPA. Findings: For this group, the authors find age a gendered phenomenon represented via seven "age frames", collectively an "organisation of experience". Age identity appears not to have unified meaning but is contingent upon individuals and their experiences. These frames then provide further insights into how diarists react to the stigma of gendered ageism. Research limitations/implications: SDR appeals to participants who like completing diaries and are motivated by the research topic. This limits both diversity of response and sample size, but coincidentally enhances elicitation potential – outweighing, the authors believe, these constraints. The sample comprises UK women only. Practical implications: This study acknowledges GenX women as socially real, but from an SPA perspective they are heterogeneous, and consequently distributed across many segments. Here, age is a psychographic, not demographic, variable – a subjective rather than chronological condition requiring a nuanced response from marketers. Originality/value: To the best of the authors' knowledge, this is the first formal study into how SPA identity is manifested for GenX women. Methodologically, this study uses e-journals/diaries, an approach not yet fully exploited in marketing research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the current study we seek to examine the difference between Generation Z and Generation X in terms of coping with a global crisis (COVID-19), specifically regarding resilience in times of crisis, personal values ​​and attitudes during that time. Based on the theory of generations, we aimed to explore whether different generations have different levels of resilience, values and attitudes during the global crisis. Data were gathered in a cross-sectional study; 958 participants participated, divided into two age-groups: 508 participants of Generation Z (ages ranged between 18–24; 53.9% males [Age: M = 21.05, SD = 1.96]; 46.1% females [Age: M = 21.14, SD = 1.83]), and 205 participants of Generation X (ages ranged between 40–50; 54.2% males [Age: M = 45.16, SD = 3.15]; 45.8% females [Age: M = 45.23, SD = 3.01]). It was found that members of Generation Z (Gen Z) were less resilient. Also, Gen Z members had higher levels of openness to change, and self-enhancement as compared to Generation X (Gen X). In addition, Gen Z were found to be more positive in their attitudes toward flexible learning but no differences between the generations were found as for flexible work. Both generation members had the similar attitudes towards online consumption. Despite the magnitude and significance of the crisis, the main values of each generation remained unchanged in many respects, but attitudes of both generations are positive towards hybrid work and consumption. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: Amid the COVID-19 contamination, people are bound to use contactless FinTech payment services. Because of restrictions on physical movement and avoidance of touching physical money, people willingly choose mobile payment, resulting in enormous growth in FinTech payment service industries. Because of this, this study aims to examine the effect of factors affecting Gen X and Millennials users to use FinTech payment services. Design/methodology/approach: The authors used 328 responses collected through convenience sampling of Indian users aged between 26 and 57 years in the Delhi-NCR region who are users of FinTech payment services. Findings: The authors' findings verified that in India, perceived COVID-19 risk, perceived severity for COVID, individual mobility, subjective norms, perceived ease of use and perceived usefulness have statistically significant impacts on FinTech payment services during the COVID-19 pandemic. Structural equation modelling was used to study the proposed research model. Overall, the model predicted 76.9 % of the variation in intention to use FinTech payment services by the abovesaid variables by Indian users during a pandemic. Practical implications: This study will provide valuable insight to all FinTech service providers and stakeholders in planning and designing the concerned policy. It will be able to draw the attention of users more. Originality/value: This research added a valuable theory to the existing technology adoption model (TAM) theory. It demonstrated the utility of the above variables in adopting and using FinTech payment services, which will help service providers to develop future strategies because of the COVID-19 pandemic. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Considerable recent work suggests that Millennials’ behaviors may be converging with those of Generation X as they enter later life stages, but few have investigated whether attitudes, which are often strong predictors of behavior, are undergoing the same convergence. In this study, we analyze the existing generational gap in four transportation-related attitudes (currently pro-urban, long-term pro-urban, pro-car ownership, and pro-environment), and examine the differential effects of other characteristics, including life-stage variables, on these attitudinal gaps. We apply the threefold Blinder–Oaxaca decomposition method to a statewide (weighted) sample of 1029 Millennials and 946 Generation Xers from California to unravel these effects. The method distinguishes among: (1) effects due to the cohorts having different characteristics (endowments); (2) effects due to those characteristics having different influences on attitudes (coefficients); and (3) the interaction of those two effects. We observe that Millennials’ attitudes: (1) differ from those of Generation X only by small, albeit statistically significant, amounts on average; and (2) are closer to those of Generation X as they gain on a host of life-stage variables such as marital status, income, and education. For example, if Millennials were married, employed, and earning higher incomes at the same rates as Generation X (but retaining their own model coefficients), the generational gap in the currently pro-urban attitude would be reduced by 24%. This study brings an econometric approach to the study of generational divides in transportation-related attitudes, with findings suggesting that Millennials might be leaving part of their uniqueness behind as they enter later life stages.

The purpose of this paper was to determine the factors that influence the purchasing behaviour of Generation X and Y sports apparel consumers in Johannesburg. This was achieved by using the theory of planned behaviour. Understanding why customers buy specific products presents an opportunity for companies to design marketing communications strategies that will ensure more customer buying decisions. Quantitative research methods were used in this study. In total, 70 responses were obtained. Based on the proposed research model, subjective norms and perceived behavioural control were found to have a positive influence on attitude. Also, it was found that attitude has a positive influence on purchase intention. The study recommended that managers and marketers of sports apparel companies use experts in the field to run their promotional campaigns. Furthermore, they need to make it easy for their consumers to access sports apparel and provide them with enough information so that their consumption is informed by knowledge. Moreover, managers and marketers need to create favourable consumer attitudes towards their products or brands by using reputable celebrities to endorse them and genuinely engage in charitable initiatives.

The objective of this study is to determine the moderator role of generation gap in the effect of psychological empowerment perception on job satisfaction. The population (N: 200) and sample (n=136) of the study consists of health professionals working in the Karaman Provincial Health Directorate, Türkiye. In the research data were collected with a questionnaire technique and the hypotheses were tested through the SPSS Macro Process program. The significance of the regulatory role (statistically) was calculated by the bootstrap test. As a result of the analyzes made, it was found that the moderator effect of psychological empowerment perception on job satisfaction differed between the X and Y generations. While the effect of the psychological empowerment perceptions of the X Generation employees on job satisfaction did not show a statistically significant difference, this effect was found to be statistically significant in the Y Generation employees. It has been found that generations have a moderator effect on the effect of psychological empowerment perceptions of health workers on job satisfaction (X and Y).

Establishing employee innovative behaviour (IB) is essential to achieve competitive advantage. Thus, in the context of Indonesia’s hotel industry, this study examines generational differences in the relationship between empowering leadership (EL) and IB, with knowledge sharing (KS) as the mediator. Data were collected by distributing questionnaires to hotel employees in Indonesia through purposive sampling. A total of 186 responses were obtained. Partial least squares structural equation modelling (PLS-SEM) was then employed to test each hypothesis. Results demonstrate that all hypotheses were confirmed. EL positively determines KS and IB. In addition, IB was positively determined using KS. This study also confirmed the importance of KS as a mediator in the relationship between EL and IB. Additionally, the results identified generational differences (Gen X and Gen Y) in these relationships. A significant difference was observed in the effect of EL on KS and IB between Gen X and Gen Y. The difference between Gen X and Gen Y was also confirmed in the relationship between KS and IB, and the mediating role of KS in the relationship between EL and IB.

Douglas Coupland's novel Generation X: Tales for an Accelerated Culture explores the importance of storytelling in society through the characters of Andy, Dag, and Claire. Set in Palm Springs, California, the characters share autobiographical and whimsical stories while working low-rent service industry jobs. The novel delves into the effects of corporate capitalism and technocapitalism on the US West, while also touching on themes of the decline of atomic optimism and the postwestern nature of the American West. Coupland incorporates paratexts, such as illustrations and notes in the margins, which serve as a commentary on the novel's actions and ideas, reflecting the future of storytelling in the digital age. [Extracted from the article]

The objective of this study is to determine the moderator role of generation gap in the effect of psychological empowerment perception on job satisfaction. The population (N: 200) and sample (n=136) of the study consists of health professionals working in the Karaman Provincial Health Directorate, Türkiye. In the research, data were collected with a questionnaire technique and the hypotheses were tested through the SPSS Macro Process program. The significance of the regulatory role (statistically) was calculated by the bootstrap test. As a result of the analyzes made, it was found that the moderator effect of psychological empowerment perception on job satisfaction differed between the X and Y generations. While the effect of the psychological empowerment perceptions of the X Generation employees on job satisfaction did not show a statistically significant difference, this effect was found to be statistically significant in the Y Generation employees. It has been found that generations have a moderator effect on the effect of psychological empowerment perceptions of health workers on job satisfaction (X and Y). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Gestural timing overlap between a vowel and subsequent nasal consonant results in the vowel being articulatorily nasalized. Research has shown that such degree of coarticulation varies cross-linguistically (e.g., English exhibits a greater gestural timing overlap than Spanish). This phenomenon has mainly been investigated in monolingual samples, and with only a small number of studies focusing on second and heritage language gestural timing patterns of nasality; the role of bilingualism in this respect is thus an open question, which is the focus of the current study. Sixteen second-generation US-born heritage bilinguals participated in this experiment. Their degree of bilingualism was assessed via the Bilingual Language Profile. They completed two separate read-aloud tasks: one in Spanish (heritage language) and one in English (second language). Simultaneous oral and nasal airflow were collected via pressure transducers from words that included phonetically oral and nasalized vowels. Results indicate that heritage bilinguals increment the degree of vocalic nasalization from Spanish to English. Nevertheless, their degree of bilingualism did not yield statistical significance in phonetic performance. The current study is the first one implementing aerodynamic methods with a heritage bilingual population and presents data for the possibility to possess two segment-to-segment timing strategies in heritage grammars. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Workplace emotions are intense and disruptive, so contagion becomes inevitable. With the presence of diverse groups of employees, from generational cohorts to genders, working side by side, workplace dynamics have become quite challenging. We study the factors leading to emotional contagion and its impact on the most prominent generations present today—Generation X and Y. Additionally, we also study the gender differences on emotional contagion at workplace. The factors were shortlisted via a comprehensive literature review. A qualitative research methodology has been used for deeper understanding of the topic. In-depth interviews with 62 respondents (34 from Generation Y: 16 males and 18 females; and 28 from Generation X: 15 males and 13 females) were used for data collection. Data analysis revealed that there were differences in the ways various factors affected emotional contagion for these two generations and on males and females. Based on the analysis, we have presented research propositions for quantitative validation which can be explored by future researchers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Recently, the thought processes of consumers are evolving universally, making them reflective of the detrimental ecological footprints owing to excessive fashion consumption at a personal level. Consequently, they are increasingly thinking about accessing alternative, sustainable modes of consuming fashion. Furthermore, this transition is being witnessed across the generations and is not confined to any one generation. The current study pertains to the recent shift of "Generation X" towards fashion rentals. However, Gen X is considered less experimental, more conservative, and therefore less lucrative. To this end, the current study explores the barriers to Gen X's adoption of fashion rental and suggests motivations to promote it. It employs an interpretive qualitative research paradigm, obtains data from 32 Gen X fashion consumers via semi‐structured interviews, analyses the data using thematic analysis, and uses the theory of psychological ownership and the Hofstede cultural dimensions as an underpinning framework. Results indicate the emergence of six themes representing barriers, including loss of efficacy and effectance, loss of self‐identity and extended self, temporariness, environmental unsustainability, personal hygiene behaviour, and lifestyle. Similarly, motivations included three themes: long‐term subscriptions; transparency and assurances; and personalisation and storytelling. This implies that fashion rental firms need to embrace transparency and empower consumers through co‐creation, long‐term rental subscriptions, and the possibilities of possession. Further, the paper contributes to the identification of new dimensions, including a lack of nostalgia, risk avoidance, personal hygiene, an absence of personalisation, a dearth of education, emotional detachment, and voluntary simplicity in lifestyle. It also suggests future research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: The objective of this study is to research personality trait differences across generations and the impact of age, gender and self-presentation on these traits. Methods: A total of 82,147 applicants (aged 17-24) for aviation training (pilot, air traffic controller), born between 1965 and 2002, were divided into three cohorts (Generation X, Y, Z). We analysed data from the temperament structure scales (TSS) personality questionnaire, which was collected during selection procedures between 1987 and 2019. Generational differences were analysed by ANCOVAs with generation and gender as group factors, controlled by age and self-presentation (social desirability). Results: Age had no significant impact, but we observed slight gender differences in emotional stability, vitality, empathy, and self-presentation across all generations. The generational differences found exhibited extremely small effect sizes, suggesting that applicants have become more extraverted, controlled (with lower aggression and higher rigidity), and inclined to present themselves in a more favourable manner. Discussion: We discuss the implications of these findings for the aviation industry and the applicability of Generation theory in personality trait research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Generations can be useful for explaining cohort-level differences in partisan preferences. Yet a critical aspect of studying political generations is the selection of one period of dates instead of another. The common definitions of generations, popularized by the Pew Research Center, have been found to tell us a considerable amount about contemporary divides in American politics. Yet within the popular definitions of generations, age cohorts can diverge politically because their formative experiences are dissimilar. Subsets of generations can have their own political idiosyncrasies as their early experiences can differ in important ways. The traditional definition of the generations, therefore, may not be the best way to categorize generations in the USA from a political perspective. Reclassifying generational cohorts yields some important age-cohort political differences that get lost in the traditional definition of the generations, altering our perceptions of generational political attitudes. Such a categorization of the generations exhibits younger cohorts that are strongly Democratic and a middle-aged cohort that in recent presidential elections has moved strongly towards the Republicans. What stands out, however, is the politics of older Baby Boomers, who have emerged as Democratic leaning. Thus, unlike the traditional definitions of the generations, the alternative generational cohorts we present portray a generational divide that does not get consistently more Republican as one ages. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Generational differences will cause different effects on the way employees view and perceive the policies designed by their organizations to motivate them, one of which is performance pay. The study aims to examine the differing perceptions of pay for performance between employees from Generations X and Millennials. This study was conducted by using a survey of which the respondents were from private and public sector organizations. The total number of respondents in this research is 355 employees, which are made up of 156 respondents from Generation X and 199 Millennial respondents. In this study, t-test and Linear regression models were used for hypotheses testing. Results of the t-test showed that there are differences in perceptions of pay for performance between Generations X and Millennials (p < 0.05). Generation X gives a higher positive evaluation on pay for performance compared with Generation Millennials. Results of the regression test showed that pay for performance had a significant effect on employee work motivation for both Generations X and Y (p < 0.05). The results of this study provide insights to organizations into designing appropriate compensation programs based on the demographics of their employees. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Projects "Enrolla2 Generation X Security Perceptions and Risk Attitudes in individuals belonging to the Generation X linked to the use of affective-sexual computer applications (CIPI / 20/091)" and "The management of desire in times of COVID (CIPI / 20/159) "had as their respective objectives, to study the perception of security, its incidence in the level of victimization and the risks to the health of individuals in affective-sexual applications; and to know the motivations that have led them to use affective-sexual apps during lockdown. Different levels of security were observed in the apps, depending on the treatment of user data, the existence of harassing attitudes and the emergence of a digital drug market. Legally, it is understood as necessary to improve the protection of users, potential victims of crime - individually identified - and, likewise, encourage the culture of prevention or compliance with respect to the companies that own said platforms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Mainstream economics sees the solution to the problem of exploitative use of limited natural resources in a properly functioning price system. The price mechanism thus works on the principle of scarcity: if a natural resource becomes scarce, it is used less (higher demand causes an increase in the price of the resource). This argumentation is subject to the fulfilment of one condition: the price mechanism must work properly. The criticism of mainstream economics lies in the fact that the global market still offers producers locations with attractive input prices. This is how we achieve global economic growth but also an enormous increase in environmental problems. The clothing industry makes a significant global contribution to increasing the environmental burden. Enormous production is seconded here by customer demand. Specifically, fast fashion represents a constant cycle of buying and disposing of clothes, leading to a significant amount of textile waste. Consumers, with their decision-making power and choices, can be a part of a solution, but it is necessary to know their behaviour. The aim of the paper was to examine whether there exist differences among four female generational cohorts in Slovakia regarding their attitudes towards sustainable clothes and their real purchase behaviour. The questionnaire survey on the sample of n = 428 respondents was used as a method of data collection. One-way ANOVA was used to determine differences between all age groups. A Tukey post hoc test revealed that (1) Gen Y and Gen Z had significantly higher attitudes towards sustainable clothing in comparison with Baby Boomers and (2) Gen X and Gen Y expressed higher levels of purchases of sustainable clothes in comparison with both Baby Boomers and Gen Z. There were no significant differences in actual purchases of sustainable clothing between Gen X and Gen Y or between Baby Boomers and Gen Z. The oldest and youngest generations (Baby Boomers and Gen Z) do not differ among themselves but buy significantly less sustainable clothes in comparison with Gen X and Gen Y. Overall, all generations showed positive attitudes towards sustainable clothes, especially younger generations, but this was not fully reflected in their real purchase behaviour. Gen Z and Baby Boomers tend not to buy sustainable clothes, and Gen X and Gen Y are indifferent in this issue. This knowledge helps companies within the fashion industry concentrate on specific segments, tailor their communication strategies accordingly, target educational statements and adopt appropriate practices that are in line with consumer behaviour. To effectively tackle this matter, understanding diverse consumer groups can be highly advantageous, offering valuable insights into their behavioural patterns. It helps to distinguish practices that motivate female consumers to purchase sustainable clothes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]