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This article offers a case study of how regional, gender, and religious ideals collided at one Tennessee women’s college during the antebellum and Civil War eras. Mary Sharp College, founded by Baptists in 185, strongly advocated for women’s education that equaled the contemporary men’s institutions. Local factors relating to religion and education contributed to the creation of Mary Sharp College. Tennessee Baptists founded the college as a replacement for more informal education of women and made the school the first women’s college in the U.S. to require Latin and Greek. Two key early figures tied to college, the Vermont-born Graves brothers. James Robinson Graves, a Baptist pastor and editor of The Tennessee Baptist, provided advertising for the college; Zuinglius Calvin Graves, a Baptist educator, gave it direction. J. R. and Z. C. Graves combined southern identity, gender ideology, and Baptist piety to produce a unique form of higher education for women. Although the Graves brothers saw the home and family as the proper place for southern white women, they still believed in the necessity of a rigorous education. Mary Sharp built up faith and southern character in women and prepared them for their chief service to society: motherhood. When the Civil War came, despite their own northern connections and divided loyalties in Tennessee, the Graves brothers and their college fully supported the Confederacy. Despite the college’s supposedly secure location, an occupation by the Union army led the school to close in 1863 and remain closed until 1866, when it reopened as a much weaker school but as one firmly committed both to educated female piety and to the “Lost Cause.”

The social impact of Allied Forces on the Australian home front is central to research on World War II gender relations but is often overlooked in South Australia. The arrival of 20,000 American servicemen in Adelaide in March 1942 heightened anxiety about immoral female behaviour. This article illuminates the public discourses and state controls implemented in South Australia in response to women's contact with American servicemen, female alcohol consumption, and spread of venereal disease. It argues that the pejorative labels applied to women during this time had a self-disciplinary effect, prompting some who pursued American servicemen to adopt a discourse of feminine patriotism to describe their relationships. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Barros family, has, for centuries, administered the morgado of Real, the chapel of Senhora das Graças and a hospital in the city of Braga that harboured poor women. This hospital, named the Hospital de Santiago and the Hospital das Velhas (hospital for elderly women), was founded in the Late Middle Ages and continued to function until the nineteenth century. The current study analyses how aid to the poor, in an urban context, served as a catalyser of the prestige of the family that administered it. Using manuscript, printed and iconographic sources, processed by a multidisciplinary methodology, this investigation discusses the main patrimonial, social and symbolic coordinates that allowed the survival of the morgado and of the hospital in the long term. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

By taking into account census data, contemporary periodicals, archival material and oral sources, the article addresses the question of how the status and work possibilities of (Slovene) female servants in Trieste changed after the WWI with the newly established border between Italy and the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes. It examines the persistence and permutations of their migratory routes and analyses how servants who continued to work in Trieste after the war had to deal with the Italianisation process and which organisational networks supported them. It also analyses how Slovene servants, born in places that after the war remained outside Italy, negotiated their citizenship. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper reviews the studies on human genetics, carried out by Russian women in the 1920s and 1930s. Its main objective is to determine the contribution of women scientists to the development of different fields of human genetics. Particular attention is given to reconstructing women geneticists’ research work, reviewing the content of their publications, and analysing the theoretical and methodological approaches they employed to tackle different scientific problems. The biographies of the pioneers in Russian “anthropogenetics” (knowledge of human heredity), R. I. Serebrovskaya, G. V. Soboleva, and N. N. Malkova, were restored on the basis of archival sources. The first women geneticists received their higher education at the Higher Women’s Courses, as, in the Russian Empire, it was prohibited for women to study at the universities. These women came into genetics from traditional biological sciences or medicine at the time when human genetics as a discipline began to emerge in Russia in the 1920s. The first works in the field of anthropogenetics, conducted by these women on their own, began to appear in 1923. By the mid ‒ 1920s, women geneticists began to use genealogical and twin methods for studying human heredity extensively. The number of women’s publications peaked in the late 1920s. Studies in the field of population genetics and medical genetics gained popularity and new biochemical and cytological methods of analysis were added to the repertoire of analytical techniques. In the 1930s, with the beginning of attacks on eugenics, studies in human genetics were rapidly wound down to be completely arrested by the 1940s. The results of the studies carried out by the Russian women anthropogeneticists in the 1920s ‒ 1930s included demonstrating hereditary nature of premature graying (R. I. Serebrovskaya), hemorrhagic diathesis and inguinal hernia (N. N. Malkova), deaf-mutism and stutter (G. V. Soboleva); determining the incidence of different genes in the populations; organizing large-scale twin studies to elucidate the role of heredity and environment in the manifestation of psychological traits; and introducing new methods for hereditary disease diagnostics and the effective practices for teaching preschool and school age children.

The article describes the phenomenon of female “intrusion” into academia, particularly the social and legal status of the first female historians in Russia who became university lecturers. Analysis of the self-fulfillment strategies that Russian female historians pursued in the second half of the 19th — early 20th century allows to reconstruct the social mechanisms that they used in their zeal to achieve the status of highly-qualified scholars and lecturers at universities. Regulatory documents defining the status of faculty in the Russian Empire, as well as Bestuzhev Courses faculty meeting reports and unpublished memoirs are analyzed to reconstruct the sources and mechanisms of overcoming gender stereotypes, the long way that female historians had to go to be allowed to teach and study the science of teaching, the innovations that they brought to the Bestuzhev Courses teaching practices, the specific aspects of their approach to teaching, and the legal and social norms they had to change to secure themselves a faculty status equal to that of male academics. This article is the first publication analyzing the regulatory enforcement of placing the graduates from the Faculty of History and Philology of the Bestuzhev Courses into jobs. It also addresses for the first time the economic aspects of female teaching and the ways in which female lecturers interacted with course administrators and other faculty staff.

The end of the first World War marked a period of profound change for the German nation, giving birth to Germany’s first democracy, the Weimar Republic. The Weimar Republic ushered in one of the most creative and uninhibited periods of the twentieth century. This period witnessed advancements in the field of sexology and unprecedented change for German women as they flooded the workforce and gained full suffrage. As an increasing number of single women became financially independent and disillusioned with the prewar construction of the family unit, German men found themselves rendered impotent. Already humiliated by the loss of the war, men desperately clung to the prewar, Wilhelmine ideal of the quintessential real man by turning their attention to the sexual behavior of women and fostering a culture of systematically engineered marriages through sex reform. This article draws upon the works of several prominent sexologists of the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, most notably Richard von Krafft-Ebing and Theodoor Hendrik van de Velde, as well as a variety of articles published in German magazines during the 1920s. By comparing these works, spanning from the end of the Wilhelmine era to the 1930s, it becomes clear that the Great War fundamentally altered the way that women conceptualized female identity, sex, and the family.

More often than not, a broad-brush approach has been taken in describing the past, and large sectors of society have been portrayed on the basis of simple stereotypes rather than trying to reflect the lives of real people. This applies to the history of Icelandic peasant women, which has not been based in any real way on sources originating with the women themselves. Most writings from Iceland in the 18th and 19th century are by men, about men, and primarily embody the attitudes and interests of a small, privileged class. This research establishes that far more material exists on the lives and work of women in this period than was previously believed. However, many of these sources are fragmentary, and it can be hard to contextualize them. Guðbjörg Hallgrímsdóttir´s story provides an excellent opportunity to explore the diversity of women's status in the society of past centuries by focussing primarily on the life of one woman and applying the methods of microhistory. The study reveals that the options for women to become independent or being a farmer were in some cases not so different from men's during the period in question. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article explores the intersection between policing and photography in the course of the Civil Disobedience Movement in colonial Bombay in 1930–31 by focusing on historical photographs compiled in a recently discovered album. When the 'disobedient' men, women and children of Bombay repeatedly challenged the colonial state by breaking laws deemed unjust under the leadership of Mohandas K. Gandhi, they came into direct confrontation with the most visible expression of imperial authority: the cross-racial Bombay Police armed with the ubiquitous baton (lathi). While Indian historiography is particularly rich in its exploration of both exceptional and quotidian forms of colonial violence, the visual history of violent policing remains underexplored. Through our analysis of photographic images from two specific episodes of the disobedient drama that unfolded in Bombay in 1930 – the raids at the salt pans in Wadala in June, and the national flag salutation ceremony at the Esplanade in October – we explore the complex and conspicuous entanglement of race and gender in a moment of heightened anti-colonial action and police violence in British India. In underscoring the work of the camera in documenting the history of violent police action against non-violent civil demonstrators, we reveal its role as a historical actor and an active participant in history-making. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

From a gender history perspective and against the backdrop of auto/biographical theory, space and memory studies, this article deals with gendered debates, politics and cultural practise of (re)naming streets in urban contexts in general and with the Uhlirzgasse in Graz as a significant case study in particular. H. Zettelbauer and L. Matzer analyse the historical contexts of the street naming process as well as contemporary retrospective (re-)evaluations as negotiations of hegemonic (public) culture. They consider positionings and strategies of municipal protagonists in the 20th century on the one hand and civil society efforts such as feminist memory politics on the other. The latter has challenged successfully male-centred practises of street naming from the 1990ies onwards. The authors confront the life story of the Austrian historian Mathilde Uhlirz (1881-1966) with her self-narration and the dedication of the Uhlirzgasse in its twofold (re)interpretation: honouring Mathilde Uhlirz' father Karl and/or Mathilde Uhlirz herself. The case study reveals a complex intertwining of a problematic German-nationalist and Nazi past, the limited agency of a female pioneer as a scientific persona within a misogynous university structure, ambivalent gendered autobiographical narrative strategies and hegemonic public memory politics, which transform a non-coherent, non-linear and contradictory biography into a smooth life story that allows placatory public identification. The contribution pleads for a gender critical reflection of biographical knowledge production - not only in scientific contexts but also in public history. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Copyright of Reti Medievali is the property of Firenze University Press and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Kluchin’s Fit to Be Tied explores the neo-eugenic debate about sterilization in the United States in the second half of the twentieth century. Using sources from the popular media and court cases, she sets up a conflict between women deemed reproductively fit and unfit. Moreover, throughout this work she ably interweaves constructions of race, gender, and class into the neo-eugenic sterilization debate about fit and unfit women.

The masculine façade of the music Conservatoire belies the extent to which these establishments fostered close relationships between women. This article analyses the student cohorts of the Paris and St Petersburg Conservatoires in the early twentieth century, to show that women made up a formidable presence and created supportive communities within these institutional frameworks. It argues that these relationships not only facilitated women's involvement in public cultural life, but also impacted their private experience of music and listening, as illustrated by the close musical bond between sisters and conservatoire alumnae, Lili and Nadia Boulanger. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Convictions for sodomy were rare in eighteenth-century Antwerp. Nevertheless, the scarce trial records offer afascinating insight into the urban perception of sodomy as a foreign phenomenon. A sodomy trial involving several Dutch migrants infused anxieties about sodomite conspiracies across the city. Although early modern sodomy has mainly been studied from alocal or national point of view, this article shows that atransregional perspective regarding the repression of sodomy can shed new light on attitudes towards early modern deviant sexuality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present contribution starts from the debate about kinship as a social institution in medieval Europe initiated by Jack Goody's pioneering anthropological work in the 1980s and drawn upon by historians and anthropologists alike. We focus on the aspect of the allegedly systematic separation of kinship from the organization of memory of the dead brought about by the establishment of Christianity. However, throughout the European Middle Ages families did not completely cede memorial tasks to religious institutions. Rather, they re-affirmed memorial bonds to religious institutions by legal arrangements and through family members within these communities, just as kinship continued to play a key role in medieval political organization. Given their social heterogeneity medieval cities provide a rich documentation of networks across ties of family, kinship, friends, and clients that intersected with more institutionalized communities (parish churches, monasteries, hospitals). People bestowed economic benefits on these communities in return for their members' "eternal" prayer for the donators' souls. This created mutual bonds both between kin and religious communities. The ensuing forms of belonging were part of a more complex frame of social exchange, as families used the same institutions as "hubs" to corroborate social and political relations to their peers. These bonds would intersect with ties between representatives of kin groups with positions in key political organizations such as city councils. A further clue to understanding these relations is gender. Economic transactions and related memorial practices feature a considerable number of female actors underlining the salience of bilateral kin relations and practices of property devolution. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper explores the origins of the Anabaptist doctrine of the "celestial flesh," which conceived Christ as generated purely out of the substance of the Godhead and thus possessing an entirely "celestial body." It argues that the origins of this doctrine lie in late medieval alchemical tracts adapted in Paracelsus's Liber de Sancta Trinitate of 1524, according to which God has a body of heavenly flesh out of which he brings forth a heavenly woman. Through their sexually conceived union the eternal son is begotten and born with a celestial body. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article addresses the problems that pertain to macro-historical data in music research. By presenting examples from recent research on European ladies’ orchestras of the late nineteenth century, I aim to establish how large data sets could be used in a meaningful way. First, I shall present an overview of source materials. Second, methods for analyzing concert programmes will be critically assessed. Third, the possibilities of visualizing concert tours will be explored. Finally, special attention will be paid to questions regarding social class and gender.

This issue of the journal Asian Studies will examine the cultural, social and intellectual legacies of the various Asian regions. Its geographical scope extends from China to Iran and from Afghanistan to Fujian. It examines different aspects of history, from classical and modern intellectual history to art, political and gender history. It clearly shows that the history of this vast and diverse region is complex.

The 1920s and 1930s in Mexico were an important moment of transition for women's sport, as women's interests in sport as spectators and participants increased, giving rise to social debate. Much of these debates formed part of a broader discussion about the emergence of the 'modern woman' or, in the case of Mexico, la chica moderna. By focusing on the representation of the modern woman boxer in Mexican newspapers and popular media, this article analyses the socio-cultural construction of femininity through the discourse of sport in the postrevolutionary context of the 1920s and 1930s. This work considers how authors and publications with close ties to the postrevolutionary regime allocated the modern boxing woman a place within the postrevolutionary project, which provided the project a progressive appeal that argued for a true social equality. However, commentators also went to great lengths to reconcile the transgressive and modern character of women boxers with the state's more traditional discourses on acceptable femininity and clear limits remained in place for women. Nevertheless, the 1920s and 1930s witnessed a remarkable opening up of possibilities for alternative types of femininities in a context that sought to establish a new national citizen in terms of gender. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Penelope, Nausicaa, Ariadne, Sappho, Aspasia, Olympias, so many names of well-known female figures who have long served as the backdrop for the history of the Greeks without really questioning their own history. What about today? To answer I propose to follow my experience, that of a teacher-researcher at the university in France since the 1970s. This contribution built from a personal journey does not claim to be a synthesis of teaching and research on the history of women and gender in ancient history, but only one perspective among others. It describes the passage from a history of women to a history of gender, then to a mixed history which develops today in history of the ancient worlds, Greek and Roman. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article examines the emergence of the ban on women wrestlers from the sporting spectacle of lucha libre in Mexico City in the 1950s. Set against broader moral preoccupations about the growing popularity and visibility of lucha libre in Mexican society as a result of its broadcasting on television, luchadoras were seen as examples of transgressive femininity, which rendered attempts to make them invisible necessary. This work joins the efforts of scholars who write the history of women's participation and exclusion from sporting activities and contributes to the growing fields of sports studies and studies of mass culture within Mexico. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Genero is the property of Genero and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Espacio, Tiempo y Forma: Serie V, Historia Contemporánea is the property of Editorial UNED and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

We are far from the first, and expect we will not be the last, to wonder at the paucity of research on women, gender and sexuality in (Anglophone) environmental history. To borrow from Virginia Scharff, who was writing in 1999, environmental history still has a 'sex secret'. For all the insights of feminist scholarship, science studies, queer studies, women's history, gender history and histories of sexuality that have accumulated since then, many environmental historians still seem to find 'forest fires more fascinating than cooking fires', at least in Australia and the United States. Yet historical studies of women's garden making, environmental and animal welfare movements, domestic labour, knowledge making, 'alternative' environments and mountaineering (just to name a few areas of dynamic scholarship) show that women have indeed been agents of environmental change in ways that either conformed to or contested contemporary gender and sexual expectations. Arising from the 'Placing Gender' workshop held in Melbourne in 2018, this collection brings together four contributions that demonstrate different approaches to undertaking gender analysis in environmental history. Focusing on non-Indigenous women and men in the Anglo-world from the mid-nineteenth century, some adopt new tools to excavate familiar terrain, while others listen closely to voices that have been rarely heard in the field. Recasting the making of settler places in terms of their gendered production and experience not only enriches their own environmental history, we argue, but also broadens the historian's enquiry to encompass the other lands implicated in the production of settler places. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Investigaciones Historicas is the property of Universidad de Valladolid, Facultad de Filosofia y Letras and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This introduction to Aspasia's Special Forum on the history of men and masculinities under socialism demonstrates the interest and originality of applying critical men's studies and the history of masculinities to state-socialist Eastern Europe. It reviews existing scholarship within this field, stresses the persisting difficulties in analyzing everyday performances of gender and masculinities in socialist societies, and argues for adopting new approaches in order to get closer to a social and cultural history of masculinities. It puts the contributions to this Special Forum in their broader historiographical context--in particular, concerning studies on work, family, violence, war, disability, and generational change and youth--and shows how they will contribute to a better understanding of the dynamics and everyday performances of gender in state-socialist societies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the renewed interest in material culture, not only the objects but also the written sources in which objects are documented get increasing attention. However, the focus is most often not directed to the sources themselves but rather to what they convey on objects of the past. Such an approach tends to reduce the sources to mere ‘quarries’ for information. This observation is particularly true for the paradigmatic source on objects, the inventory, which so far has received little attention as a specific type of source. Starting from a sample of 138 princely Italian and German inventories from the 14th and 16th centuries, which are complemented by a comparison with urban inventories, this paper points out the quality of textual thingness of inventories regarding them both as texts and objects. The thesis I propose is that inventories can become primordial documents for social, gender and cultural history if their narrative quality is taken seriously. | Mit dem erneuerten Interesse an der materiellen Kultur geraten nicht nur die Dinge, sondern auch die schriftlichen Quellen über Objekte in den Fokus. Das Interesse ist jedoch meist nicht auf die Dokumente selbst gerichtet, sondern auf ihre Aussagekraft über historische Artefakte. Ein solcher Zugang reduziert die Quellen zu reinen Steinbrüchen für Informationen. Dies gilt in besonderem Maß für die paradigmatische Quelle zu Objekten, das Inventar, das als Quellengattung selbst kaum Aufmerksamkeit erfuhr. Ausgehend von einem Korpus von 138 fürstlichen Inventaren aus dem italienischen und deutschen Kontext des 14. und 16. Jahrhunderts, ergänzt um Vergleiche mit städtischen Inventaren, arbeitet dieser Beitrag die spezielle Charakteristik von Inventaren in ihrer textuellen Dinghaftigkeit heraus, indem sie sowohl als Texte wie als Artefakte betrachtet werden. Nur wenn Inventare in ihrer narrativen Qualität ernst genommen werden, so die These, können sie als erstrangige Quellen für die Sozial-, Geschlechter- und Kulturgeschichte fungieren.

Although Swiss humanitarian organizations are meant to operate in strict compliance with the principle of neutrality, the Swiss Aid to Spanish Children organization, or Ayuda Suiza, centered the scope of its relief operations on Republican Spain during the Civil War. By analyzing the correspondence and photographic albums of one of its female collaborators, Elisabeth Eidenbenz, this article seeks to explain Ayuda Suiza's sympathies for the democratic cause as the result of the creation of a community of feeling according to which individual agents shaped their experiences through the mobilization of emotional practices, such as caring for victims, writing or taking photographs. I zoom out from a micro to a macro perspective to examine Eidenbenz's writings and photographs as manifestations of material culture produced to instill hope for the future among the victims of the Spanish Civil War. I consider these literary and visual documents not simply as historical sources but as emotional objects that encapsulate the past for present-day audiences. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Weimar Republic has an important place in the history of Germany democracy, but a recognition of the strength of German women's political cultures and their role in shaping the post-war political landscape has been elusive. Women's experiences in the First World War and Weimar Republic have been extensively discussed, but often in ways that threaten to erase women's political agency. Moreover, the seismic shift signalled by women's suffrage has not been foregrounded in accounts of democratic history, and women's roles in the revolution of 1918 have been largely overlooked. Taking a gender historical approach, this article makes women's political cultures visible in two arenas important for an understanding of the post-war era: women's suffrage and women's revolutionary activism. While the focus is on the German national context, it is important to note that German women's organisations were embedded in international and transnational network organisations campaigning for women's social, professional and civic rights, and that their political cultures developed in dialogue with and awareness of what was happening elsewhere in the world. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Bylye Gody is the property of Cherkas Global University Press and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

In this article, the author analyzes new trends in historical science in the United States, which, during the period indicated in the article, developed on the basis of an interdisciplinary synthesis of existing methods of historical analysis with sociological ones. This trend passes through the prism of the scientific activities of the professor of the Department of Sociology at the University of Texas at Austin, Mounira Maya Sharad, a researcher in the field of political sociology, comparative historical sociology, social theory and gender politics in the countries of the Islamic world. The article contains an analysis of the initial period of the formation of Mounira as a scientist, who is a prominent representative of the postcolonial Tunisian intelligentsia, defines the vector of her scientific search for the traditional social structure of the Tunisian village and the status of Islamic women. Particular attention is paid to the influence of processes in American sociological science on the further professional activities of Mounira Charrad. Since the 1970s last century, historical sociology becomes the main vector of Mounira's study of social phenomena in the countries of the Middle East and North Africa and their typology, first of all, by the methods of comparative analysis, that is, by the method of corporate history. Mounira Charrad's study of the status of Islamic women was carried out in the context of "women's history", which was a significant area of new social history in the United States. The focus of these studies was on the history of the legal system in the Maghreb countries and the differences between the family law systems of Tunisia, Algeria and Morocco were shown. A qualitatively new stage in the study of women in the Islamic world was Mounira's use of the methodology of gender-historical analysis developed by representatives of the American school of women's history. Mounira Charrad publishes a number of works in which she analyses the evolution and impact of public policy on gender in the Islamic world. The fundamental monograph by Mounira Charad “States and Women's Rights. The Making of Postcolonial Tunisia, Algeria, and Morocco”, which has received worldwide recognition among the scientific community, is a comprehensive analysis of the relationship between the state structures of the Maghreb countries with tribal, ethnic formations, primarily in the context of the legal system. The scientific activity of Mounira Charrad reflects the main new trends in American historical science of the last third of the XX - beginning of the XXI century. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article belongs to the special cluster, "Family, Gender and (dis)Abled Bodies after 1953", guest-edited by Maike Lehmann and Alexandra Oberländer. Research on the history of masculinities and fatherhood during state socialism in East Central Europe is still rare. Therefore, scholars in the field of women's and gender studies sometimes reproduce the idea of men in that region as stable characters across the period of socialist rule. In particular, they insist that "official," that is, state-sanctioned, representations of masculinity did not change. Yet, as I show, there is evidence that socialist authors, journalists, and even the politburos of the regions' communist parties did reflect on what they perceived as the need to change the conceptions of men and fathers. They advocated men's greater participation in housework and child care. In this article, I examine this "struggle for a socialist fatherhood" in the GDR, focusing mainly on the discussions and suggestions of sociologists, educationalists, psychologists, and sexologists active in the study of childhood and adolescence, sex education, or marriage and family. From the 1960s on, experts from these fields as well as communist politicians targeted increasingly men to implement equality in marriage and parenting. In the 1970s and 1980s, their suggestions became more and more concrete. These suggestions as well as the theoretical discussions demonstrate the enduring belief in the socialist society's ability to overcome traditional gender stereotypes. Even in the late 1980s, they were future directed and contained a utopian element. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]