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In recent years, with the development of minimally invasive instruments,equipment and the progress of surgical techniques, minimally invasive pancreatic surgery has entered an era of rapid development. Function-preserving laparoscopic resection of pancreatic head and duodenal papilla tumors including laparoscopic duodenum-preserving pancreatic head resection (LDPPHR), laparoscopic pancreatic head tumor enucleation and laparoscopic transduodenal ampullary resection(LTDAR) have also been used in clinical practice. However, the anatomy and surgical procedures are extremely complicated. Many surgeons lack the experience in this field. So far, these procedures have rarely used in clinical practice. In this article, we introduced the current status, problems and countermeasures of these surgical procedures, to promote the development of function-preserving laparoscopic pancreatic head and duodenal papilla tumor resection surgery.

Abstract Background China’s 35 largest cities, including Wuhan, are inhabited by approximately 18% of the Chinese population, and account for 40% energy consumption and greenhouse gas emissions. Wuhan is the only sub-provincial city in Central China and, as the eighth largest economy nationwide, has experienced a notable increase in energy consumption. However, major knowledge gaps exist in understanding the nexus of economic development and carbon footprint and their drivers in Wuhan. Methods We studied Wuhan for the evolutionary characteristics of its carbon footprint (CF), the decoupling relationship between economic development and CF, and the essential drivers of CF. Based on the CF model, we quantified the dynamic trends of CF, carbon carrying capacity, carbon deficit, and carbon deficit pressure index from 2001 to 2020. We also adopted a decoupling model to clarify the coupled dynamics among total CF, its accounts, and economic development. We used the partial least squares method to analyze the influencing factors of Wuhan’s CF and determine the main drivers. Results The CF of Wuhan increased from 36.01 million t CO2eq in 2001 to 70.07 million t CO2eq in 2020, a growth rate of 94.61%, which was much faster than that of the carbon carrying capacity. The energy consumption account (84.15%) far exceeded other accounts, and was mostly contributed by raw coal, coke, and crude oil. The carbon deficit pressure index fluctuated in the range of 8.44–6.74%, indicating that Wuhan was in the relief zone and the mild enhancement zone during 2001–2020. Around the same time, Wuhan was in a transition stage between weak and strong CF decoupling and economic growth. The main driving factor of CF growth was the urban per capita residential building area, while energy consumption per unit of GDP was responsible for the CF decline. Conclusions Our research highlights the interaction of urban ecological and economic systems, and that Wuhan’s CF changes were mainly affected by four factors: city size, economic development, social consumption, and technological progress. The findings are of realistic significance in promoting low-carbon urban development and improving the city’s sustainability, and the related policies can offer an excellent benchmark for other cities with similar challenges.

旨在寻找安全、高效、低成本的花生油吸附脱毒工艺，以脱酸花生油为研究对象，通过比较活性炭、活性白土、凹凸棒土、膨润土4种吸附剂对花生油中苯（a）并芘（BaP）和黄曲霉毒素B1（AFB1）的吸附脱除效果，挑选合适的2种吸附剂进行复配用于花生油的脱毒。以吸油率、过滤速度、BaP含量、AFB1含量、成本为指标，采用单因素试验及正交试验对复配吸附剂脱毒工艺条件进行优化。结果表明：活性炭和膨润土进行复配脱除BaP和AFB1的效果较好；最佳复配吸附剂脱毒工艺条件为活性炭和膨润土复配比例1∶ 5（质量比）、吸附剂添加量2.0%（以脱酸花生油质量计）、反应时间20 min、反应温度90 ℃，在此条件下复配吸附剂的吸油率为39.47%，过滤速度为2.08 mL/min，BaP含量从32.11 μg/kg降至0.15 μg/kg，AFB1含量从19.45 μg/kg降至0.12 μg/kg，吸附剂成本低至4.41 元/t。优化的工艺符合花生油工业化生产低风险、低成本和高效率的目标。In order to find a safe, efficient and low-cost adsorption detoxification process of peanut oil,taking deacidified peanut oil as the research object, by comparing the influence of four kinds of adsorbents, namely activated carbon, activated clay, attapulgite and bentonite, on the removal rate of benzo (a)pyrene (BaP) and aflatoxin B1（AFB1） in peanut oil, two adsorbents were selected and compounded，and used in peanut oil detoxification.With oil absorption rate, filtration rate, BaP content, AFB1 content and cost as indexes,single factor experiment and orthogonal experiment were used to optimize the detoxification process conditions with composite adsorbent. The results showed that the combination of activated carbon and bentonite had a good detoxification effect. The optimal detoxification process conditions with composite adsorbent were as follows: mass ratio of activated carbon to bentonite 1∶ 5, adsorbents addition 2.0% of deacidified peanut oil mass, reaction time 20 min, and reaction temperature 90 ℃. Under these conditions, the oil absorption rate of the composite adsorbent was 39.47%, the filtration rate was 2.08 mL/min, and the BaP content decreased from 32.11 μg/kg to 0.15 μg/kg, AFB1 content decreased from 19.45 μg/kg to 0.12 μg/kg, the adsorbent cost was as low as 4.41 yuan/t. The process optimized can meet the industrial production of peanut oil with low-risk, low-cost and high efficiency goals.

In this study, self-doping defects were introduced to optimize the interlayer spacing and pore structure of hard carbon by γ-ray irradiation. The effects of the absorbed dose on the interlayer spacing, internal defects, and disordered structure of hard carbon were investigated through scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Raman spectroscopy, and isothermal nitrogen adsorption/desorption. The electrochemical properties were investigated using the constant current charge-discharge. The results showed that the surface crystallinity and disordered structure of hard carbon increased with the absorbed dose. Moreover, the electrochemical properties of hard carbon were clearly improved. At a dose of 140 kGy, hard carbon presented a high specific surface area of 425.343 m2/g and provided a sodium storage capacity of 300 mAh/g at 30 mA/g; the high current density capacity remained at 195 mAh/g at 1 A/g, suggesting that the electrode capacity increased three-fold. Excellent stability was also maintained during high-rate charge-discharge. This work provides new approaches and ideas for the design of advanced nanomaterials and defect engineering applications in the field of energy storage.

旨在为米糠副产品的精深加工利用提供指导，利用碱性蛋白酶辅助碱溶酸沉法提取米糠蛋白，并进一步以纤维素酶纯化米糠蛋白，在单因素实验的基础上通过正交实验优化提取、纯化工艺条件。结果表明：米糠蛋白提取的最佳工艺条件为酶解pH 10.5、酶解温度50 ℃、料液比1∶ 10、酶解时间120 min、加酶量2.5%，在此条件下米糠蛋白提取率为75.2%；米糠蛋白纯化的最佳工艺条件为酶解温度50 ℃、酶解pH 5.0、酶解时间60 min、加酶量4%、料液比1∶ 10，在此条件下米糠蛋白纯度为81.6%，提取率为72.6%。采用此方法可以得到提取率和纯度均较高的米糠蛋白。In order to provide guidance for the deep processing and utilization of rice bran by-products, the rice bran protein was extracted using alkaline protease assisted alkaline dissolution and acid precipitation method, and further purified with cellulase. The extraction and purification process conditions were optimized by orthogonal experimental based on single factor experiment. The results showed that the optimal conditions of extraction of rice bran protein were obtained as follows:enzymatic hydrolysis temperature 50 ℃, enzymatic hydrolysis pH 10.5, enzymatic hydrolysis time 120 min, material-liquid ratio 1∶ 10, and dosage of enzyme 2.5%. Under these conditions, the extraction rate of rice bran protein was 75.2%. The optimal conditions of purification of rice bran protein were obtained as follows:enzymatic hydrolysis temperature 50 ℃, enzymatic hydrolysis pH 5.0, enzymatic hydrolysis time 60 min, material-liquid ratio 1∶ 10, and dosage of enzyme 4%. Under these conditions, the purity and extraction rate of rice bran protein were 81.6% and 72.6%, respectively. The rice bran protein with high purity and extraction rate can be obtained by this method.