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Series of two papers are dedicated to study of erosional and depositional processes in the northern part of the previously distinguished contourite system on the Patagonian continental slope between 46-42° at a water depth range of 2100-5200 m. The first paper is focused on interpretation of high-resolution seiscmoacoustic data collected using the parametric echo-sounder SES 2000 deep with acoustic penetration of 60 mbsf. Analysis of seismic data revealed seismic facies of contourites and gravitites as well as erosional features formed under the influence of gravity flows (gravity-driven processes) moving downslope through the canyon system. It was demonstrated that gravitites deposited by gravity flows represent a source of sediment material for contourite drift formation. Domination of erosion over deposition in the study area might be explained by the intense dynamics of bottom waters, including contour currnets, internal waves, benthic storms and gravity flows.

We present a wave packet propagation-based method to study the electron dynamics in molecular species in the gas phase and adsorbed on metal surfaces. It is a very general method that can be employed to any system where the electron dynamics is dominated by an active electron and the coupling between the discrete and continuum electronic states is of importance. As an example, one can consider resonant molecule-surface electron transfer or molecular photoionization. Our approach is based on a computational strategy allowing incorporating ab initio inputs from quantum chemistry methods, such as density functional theory, Hartree-Fock, and coupled cluster. Thus, the electronic structure of the molecule is fully taken into account. The electron wave function is represented on a three-dimensional grid in spatial coordinates, and its temporal evolution is obtained from the solution of the time-dependent Schrödinger equation. We illustrate our method with an example of the electron dynamics of anionic states localized on organic molecules adsorbed on metal surfaces. In particular, we study resonant charge transfer from the I orbitals of three vinyl derivatives (acrylamide, acrylonitrile, and acrolein) adsorbed on a Cu(100) surface. Electron transfer between these lowest unoccupied molecular orbitals and the metal surface is extremely fast, leading to a decay of the population of the molecular anion on the femtosecond timescale. We detail how to analyze the time-dependent electronic wave function in order to obtain the relevant information on the system: The energies and lifetimes of the molecule-localized quasistationary states, their resonant wavefunctions, and the population decay channels. In particular, we demonstrate the effect of the electronic structure of the substrate on the energy and momentum distribution of the hot electrons injected into the metal by the decaying molecular resonance, This work was partially supported by the MICINN-Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation-projects CTQ2016-76061-P and PID2019-110091GBI00 and the “María de Maeztu” (CEX2018-000805-M) Program for Centers of Excellence in R&D

The study of six sediments cores from the Ioffe Drift area documented the reduced thickness and/or absence of biostratigraphic zones and the occurrence of several hiatuses. The multi-proxy biostratigraphic, magnetic susceptibility (MS), color reflectance and X-ray fluorescence (XRF) data from five of the six cores reported numerous long- and short-term stratigraphic gaps over the last ~3–4 Ma. The correlation of sediment records from the drift suggests that the most pronounced series of hiatuses, associated with enhanced Lower Circumpolar Deep Water (LCDW) flow intensity, occurred from 2.51/2.59 to ~1.9 Ma (i.e., the onset of the modern-type deep-water circulation in the South Atlantic). This interval of specific high-amplitude peaks representing abrupt changes in volume MS and chemical composition variation may well serve as a regional stratigraphic benchmark in future studies of deep-sea contourites. A temporary intensification of the LCDW flow, probably due to its increased production in the Antarctic, led to deep erosion, ultimately resulting in long-term hiatuses and hence contributing to the enormously compressed Upper Pliocene–Middle Pleistocene section of the drift. The interval from 1.47/1.6 to 0.81 Ma, embracing the Mid-Pleistocene Transition, contains the longest stratigraphic gaps, up to ~1 Ma in some cores. Comparison of the studied sediment records to DSDP Site 516 reveals the reduced thickness of all the recovered biostratigraphic zones and evidence of more frequent hiatuses in the Ioffe Drift than on the neighboring Rio Grande Rise, suggesting more vigorous contour currents in the former.

The study of geomorphology and seismic structure of the Ioffe Drift area was undertaken on the basis of high-resolution sub-bottom profiling data, an old low-resolution single-channel seismic profile, and single-beam and multibeam bathymetric data. The drift occupies the central part of a tectonic ridge related to the Florianopolis (Rio Grande) Fracture Zone. The drift’s morphology and orientation, which are significantly controled by the basement relief, were also strongly affected by bottom currents. The acoustic penetration of 60–80 m allowed detailed investigation of only the upper part of the drift deposits. Four seismic units were identified in the acoustic structure of the drift. Changes in the seismic characteristics of the units represent changes in bottom conditions during the drift’s formation from tranquil to highly dynamic. Evidence of drastic erosion permeates the entire structure of the drift. The major unconformities separating the units correspond to the most prominent erosional events in the drift’s history. The absence of data does not allow the age of these unconformities to be identified. The correlation between seismic records collected from the drift and from the Rio Grande Rise demonstrates the lower impact of bottom currents on sedimentation across the rise.

The deposition of individual molecules, molecular networks, and molecular layers at surfaces is at the core of surface reactivity, energy harvesting, molecular electronics, and (single) photon sources. Yet, strong adsorbate–substrate interaction on metallic surfaces quenches the excited molecular states and harms many practical applications. Here, we theoretically address the role of a NaCl ionic crystal spacer layer in decoupling an adsorbate from the substrate and therefore changing the interplay between the competing decay channels of an excited molecule driven by electronic and electromagnetic interactions. A quantitative assessment of the corresponding decay rates allows us to establish the minimum thickness of the spacer required for the observation of molecular luminescence from the junction of a scanning tunneling microscope. Our work provides a solid quantitative theoretical basis relevant for several fields of nanotechnology where engineering of ionic crystal spacers allows for adsorbate charge manipulation, reactivity, and photon emission in nanocavities., The work of S.D.-T. and F.A.-G. is partially supported by the MICINN Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation Project PID2019-110091GB-I00 and the “María de Maeztu” (CEX2018-000805-M) Program for Centers of Excellence in R&D. J.A. acknowledges the Department of Education of the Basque Government Project PI2017-30, and Grant IT1164-19 as well as the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation Project PID2019-107432GB-I00.

The comprehensive analysis of a large dataset of seismic, lithological, geochemical and micropaleontological data has shed light on the Ioffe Drift’s origin and evolution. Although the drift’s prehistory still has blank spots, it is suggested that oceanographic processes may have affected the formation of this depositional body since its earliest stage. The drift’s formation probably began over the volcanic ridge in the Florianopolis Fracture Zone just after the ridge’s formation approximately 95–80 Ma ago. Variations in bottom-current intensity in response to regional and global paleoceanographic and paleoclimatic changes are most clearly imprinted in the seismic structure of the upper 80 m of drift deposits and in sediment records recovered by cores (down to 7 m below sea floor (mbsf)). The drift’s contourite formation underwent alternating phases of erosion caused by the intensification of bottom currents, probably followed by prevailing pelagic settling upon weakening of the bottom currents. The most thoroughly studied history of the Ioffe contourite drift, the Late Pliocene to Recent, was interrupted by multiple erosional hiatuses resulting from the activity of the Lower Circumpolar Deep Water (LCDW) bottom current during the intervals from 2.51/2.59 to 1.9 Ma and from 1.47/1.6 to 0.81 Ma. The numerous hiatuses that detached layers of calcareous contourites are an essential characteristic of the Ioffe Drift deposits, as well as layered sedimentary structures expressing effects of different bottom-currents velocities on the contourite deposition.

In our original publication, the spectra of the Green’s function G⊥(R, R, ω) shown in Figure 3a presented features in the low-energy range that were not correct. Due to a computational error in the algorithm used to calculate the spectra within the linear-response time-dependent density functional theory (TDDFT), these small resonances at low energies (ω ∼ 1–2 eV) were incorrectly obtained (solid lines in the original Figure 3a) and attributed to electron–hole pair excitations. Nevertheless, the main resonances of the system at energies ω ∼ 3–4 eV and their discussion remain valid. Further, in the classical calculation of G⊥(R, R, ω) (dashed lines) in the same figure, we did not include the distance shift Δd = 1.5 a0 introduced in all other semiclassical results to account for nonlocality. The amended and correct Figure 3a is shown here.

We studied changes in the subpopulation composition and phagocytic activity of monocytes in patients with kidney cancer under the influence of metabolites of the tumor microenvironment in vitro (lactate, ADP, and glutamate). Incubation with metabolites caused similar shifts in the monocyte subsets in kidney cancer patients (an increase in the relative content of classical CD14

To develop a technique of computer modeling of hemodynamics before conventional CEE.Classical CEE is performed according to conventional patch technique. Duplex parameters of stenosis and blood flow velocity in the carotid arteries were analyzed by using of a linear transducer 7-7.5 MG (Acuson 128XP scanner, Acuson, USA). Multispiral computed tomography with angiography and subsequent processing of data using the Clear canvas software were performed to visualize the main geometric characteristics of the carotid arteries and features of atherosclerotic plaque.Blood flow hemodynamics is essential in the occurrence of postoperative restenosis. Therefore, computer simulation of blood flow using CFD (Computational Fluid Dynamics) methods based on particular patient's data makes it possible to assess localization of zones with high risk of restenosis. CFD approach implies construction of blood flow parameters at absolutely every point of the vessel considering geometric shape of the vessel and flow characteristics at the entrance and exit from the vessel. Pressure curves at the inlet and outlet are constructed using blood flow velocity curves. Pressure curves are subsequently used in the CFD model. The result of blood flow CFD modeling is non-stationary three-dimensional fields of pressure and velocity in the investigated area. Visual analysis of blood flow dynamics in these fields makes it possible to judge possible problem areas along the blood flow and on the inner wall of the vessel.Patch technique of classical CEE is characterized by great risk of parietal thrombosis and hyperproliferation of neointima that explains more frequent development of restenosis. Computer modeling is valuable to consider some important technical aspects in implementation of various surgical techniques for carotid artery reconstruction.This result demonstrates an importance of achieving the optimal ratio of the diameter of common, internal and external carotid arteries. Modification of patch based on computer simulation is required for these purposes.Рестеноз — одна из причин поздней потери диаметра внутренней сонной артерии после ее хирургической реконструкции. Однако важным признаком успеха каротидной эндартерэктомии (КЭЭ) по-прежнему является долгосрочный прогноз проходимости зоны реконструкции сонных артерий.Продемонстрировать методику компьютерного моделирования гемодинамики у пациентов перед классической КЭЭ.Классическую КЭЭ выполняли по общепринятой методике с моделированием с пластикой артерии заплатой из ксеноперикарда. Для определения дуплексных параметров стеноза и скоростных показателей движения крови в сонных артериях использовали линейный датчик с частотой 7—7,5 МГц при помощи аппаратов Acuson 128XP (Acuson, США). Для визуализации основных геометрических характеристик сонных артерий и характера атеросклеротической бляшки выполняли МСКТ с ангиографией и последующей обработкой данных при помощи программы Сlear canvas.Решающую роль в возникновении постоперационного рестеноза играет гемодинамика, поэтому компьютерное моделирование кровотока с использованием методов вычислительной гидродинамики (Computational Fluid Dynamics — CFD), основанное на данных конкретного пациента, позволяет оценить расположение рисковых зон возникновения рестеноза. Согласно CFD, по модели геометрической формы сосуда и характеристикам течения на входах и выходах из него строят параметры кровотока в каждой точке сосуда. По кривым скорости строят кривые давления на входе и выходе, которые и используются в CFD-модели. Результатом CFD-моделирования течения крови являются нестационарные трехмерные поля давления и скорости в исследуемой области. Визуальное изучение динамики этих полей в разное время и в различных проекциях позволяет судить о возможных проблемных зонах на внутренней стенке сосуда.Техника классической КЭЭ с имплантацией заплаты имеет большие риски пристеночного тромбоза и гиперпролиферации неоинтимы, что и объясняет более частое развитие рестеноза при ее использовании. Представленный метод компьютерного моделирования позволяет рассмотреть ряд важных технических аспектов в реализации различных хирургических техник реконструкции сонной артерии при КЭЭ.Полученный результат свидетельствует о важности достижения оптимального соотношения диаметра общей, внутренней и наружной сонной артерии посредством модификации заплаты при КЭЭ на основе компьютерного моделирования.

In this joint experimental and theoretical study we demonstrate coherent control of the optical field emission and electron transport in plasmonic gaps subjected to intense single-cycle laser pulses. Our results show that an external THz field or a minor dc bias, orders of magnitude smaller than the optical bias owing to the laser field, allows one to modulate and direct the electron photocurrents in the gap of a connected nanoantenna operating as an ultrafast nanoscale vacuum diode for lightwave electronics. Using time-dependent density functional theory calculations we elucidate the main physical mechanisms behind the observed effects and show that an applied dc field significantly modifies the optical field emission and quiver motion of photoemitted electrons within the gap. The quantum many-body theory reproduces the measured net electron transport in the experimental device, which allows us to establish a paradigm for controlling nanocircuits at petahertz frequencies., The support from the Department of Education of the Basque Government through Project No. PI2017-30 (J.A., A.K.K., and G.A.) and Project No. IT1164-19 for con solidated groups (J.A.) is gratefully acknowledged. A.K.K. acknowledges support from Project No. FIS2016-76617- P of the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness. D.B. and A.L. acknowledge support of the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft through the Emmy Noether programme (No. BR 5030/1-1) and the collaborative research center SFB 767. D.B. acknowledges the support by the European Research Council through Grant No. 819871 (UpTEMPO).

International audience; Ne atoms with energies up to 3 keV are diffracted under grazing angles of incidence from a LiF(100) surface. For small momentum component of the incident beam perpendicular to the surface, we observe an increase of the elastic rainbow angle together with a broadening of the inelastic scattering profile. We interpret these two effects as the refraction of the atomic wave in the attractive part of the surface potential. Quantitative agreement between our data and full quantum scattering simulations is achieved for up to ten diffraction orders and allows us to extract a potential well depth of 10.4 meV. Our results set a benchmark for more refined surface potential models which include the weak Van der Waals region, a long-standing challenge in the study of atom-surface interactions. Refraction is a well known phenomenon occurring when light is deflected at an interface between two transparent media of different refractive indices. In the early days of quantum mechanics, refraction of matter-wave was first observed with electrons [1, 2] and was explained by considering the beam to be refracted by the inner potential of the material [3]. Refraction has been also reported for neutrons [4], as well as for molecular and atomic projectiles scattered from surfaces at thermal energies [5]. In this latter case the refraction is produced by an attractive Van der Waals (VdW) part of the projectile-surface interaction potential [6]. The physisorption region , dominated by weak VdW polarisation forces, is of paramount importance for the surface self-assembly [7] as well as for adhesion and cohesion of less dense systems, for example, liquid crystals, polymers and biomolecular surfaces [8]. In this respect, collision experiments between neutral atoms and surfaces represent an ideal platform for characterization of the VdW potential [9]. In the past, atom scattering studies of the attractive part of the surface potential have been performed studying diffraction and refraction of the projectile beams at thermal energies [5, 10, 11]. Recent observation of the surface diffraction of fast atoms of keV energies under grazing incidence (GIFAD or FAD) [12-14] offered yet unexplored possibilities of the surface analysis. Grazing incidence conditions imply slow motion of the projectile perpendicular to the surface at fast motion parallel to it. GIFAD thus combines the sensitivity of thermal atoms with the geometry of reflection high energy electron diffraction, that allows one to record the full diffrac-tion pattern at once using an imaging detector (Fig.1). Fast atom diffraction has already proven to be sensitive to surface rumpling at the pm scale [15] and to the VdW potential [16, 17], in particular with the observation of bound state resonances [18]. Similar to the thermal atom diffraction, most of the GIFAD studies have been performed with light (He, H, H 2) projectiles. The diffrac-tion experiments with heavier Ne atoms are challenging because of enhanced inelastic scattering [19-22].-15-10-5 0 5 10 15 a) b) k y in diffraction orders FIG. 1: a) Diffraction pattern in the (ky, kz) plane recorded for 500 eV Ne atoms scattered off LiF(100) along the 110 direction. The Laue circle is shown with a dashed white line and corresponds to an incidence angle θ = 0.42 •. φr indicates the classical rainbow angle. b) Projected experimental intensity along the Laue circle (blue circles). The red line corresponds to a fit of the diffracted intensity using a Lorentzian line-shape for each peak (green line). In this Letter we show the diffraction of fast Ne atoms on a LiF surface. We fully exploit the shorter wavelength of Ne atoms so that many diffraction peaks can be observed offering a surface probe with a resolution not reachable with light projectiles [23]. In particular, we reveal the refraction of the matter wave at surface resulting in a shift of the elastic rainbow angle, and the broadening of the inelastic profile. Rich diffraction pattern measured in our experiments allows to gain further insights on the projectile-surface interaction from a detailed comparison with quantum simulation. Our work, provides an important basis for a characterization of the physisorption region in the regime of low energies dominated by weak VdW forces.

A novel technique for the investigation of the radiative contribution to the electromagnetic local density of states is presented. The inelastic tunneling current from a scanning tunneling microscope (STM) is used to locally and electrically excite the plasmonic modes of a triangular gold platelet. The radiative decay of these modes is detected through the transparent substrate in the far field. Emission spectra, which depend on the position of the STM excitation, as well as energy-filtered emission maps for particular spectral windows are acquired using this technique. The STM-nanosource spectroscopy and microscopy results are compared to those obtained from spatially resolved electron energy loss spectroscopy (EELS) maps on similar platelets. While EELS is known to be related to the total projected electromagnetic local density of states, the light emission from the STM-nanosource is shown here to select the radiative contribution. Full electromagnetic calculations are carried out to explain the experimental STM data and provide valuable insight into the radiative nature of the different contributions of the breathing and edge plasmon modes of the nanoparticles. Our results introduce the STM-nanosource as a tool to investigate and engineer light emission at the nanoscale., S.C. acknowledges the financial support of the China Scholarship Council (CSC; No. 201304910386). M.Z.-H. acknowledges the financial support of the European Union under the Project H2020 FETOPEN-2016-2017 “FEMTOTERABYTE” (Project No. 737093) and the “Colombian Administrative Department of Science, Technology and Innovation” - COLCIENCIAS under its “Estancias Postdoctorales 784-2017” call. He also acknowledges the hospitality of the Institute des Sciences Moleculaires d’Orsay and Dr. Nuno de Sousa for his guidance and support using COMSOL Multiphysics. S.M. was supported by the HAPPLE grant (French National Research Agency: ANR-12-BS10-0016). This work is partially funded by the Conseil Regional, Ile-deFrance (DIM Nano-K). J.A. acknowledges Project FIS2016-80174-P of the Spanish MICINN and Project IT1164-19 of the Basque Government.

We use time-dependent density functional theory and a semiclassical model to study second-harmonic generation in a system comprising a quantum emitter and a spherical metallic nanoparticle, where the transition frequency of the quantum emitter is set to be resonant with the second harmonic of the incident frequency. The quantum emitter is shown to enable strong second-harmonic generation, which is otherwise forbidden because of symmetry constraints. The time-dependent density functional theory calculations allow one to identify the main mechanism driving this nonlinear effect, where the quantum emitter plays the role of an optical resonator that experiences the nonlinear near fields generated by the metallic nanoantenna located nearby. The influence of the intrinsic properties of the quantum emitter and the nanoantenna, together with the relative position of both in the coupled system, allows for a high degree of control of the nonlinear light emission. The main effects and contributions to this nonlinear process can be correctly captured by a semiclassical description developed in this work., A.B., R.E., and J.A. acknowledge the National Project FIS2016-80174-P from the MICINN and Project PI2017-30 and Grant No. IT1164-19 for research groups of the Basque University system from the Department of Education of the Basque Government. A.B also thanks Dr. Garikoitz Aguirregabiria for valuable technical advice on the TDDFT simulations of metallic nanoparticles and the Department of Education of the Basque Government for a predoctoral fellowship (Grant No. PRE2017_1_0267).

The strong fields associated with few-cycle pulses can drive highly nonlinear phenomena, allowing the direct control of electrons in condensed matter systems. In this context, by employing near-infrared single-cycle pulse pairs, we measure interferometric autocorrelations of the ultrafast currents induced by optical field emission at the nanogap of a single plasmonic nanocircuit. The dynamics of this ultrafast electron nanotransport depends on the precise temporal field profile of the optical driving pulse. Current autocorrelations are acquired with sub-femtosecond temporal resolution as a function of both pulse delay and absolute carrier-envelope phase. Quantitative modelling of the experiments enables us to monitor the spatiotemporal evolution of the electron density and currents induced in the system and to elucidate the physics underlying the electron transfer driven by strong optical fields in plasmonic gaps. Specifically, we clarify the interplay between the carrier-envelope phase of the driving pulse, plasmonic resonance and quiver motion., D.B. and A.L. acknowledge support of the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft through the Emmy Noether programme (BR 5030/1-1) and the collaborative research centre SFB 767. D.B. acknowledges support from the European Research Council through grant no. 819871 (UpTEMPO). G.A. acknowledges project PI2017-30 of the Departmento de Educación, Política Lingüística y Cultura of the Basque Government, and G.A. and J.A. acknowledge funding from project FIS2016-80174-P of the Spanish Ministry of Science, Innovation and Universities MICINN, as well as grant IT1164-19 for consolidated university groups of the Basque Government.

Herein we provide information on the integrated geological, geophysical, sedimentological, paleoceanographic, hydrophysical and biological investigations in the Central Atlantic during the cruise 45 of the R/V “Akademik Nikolaj Strakhov” in October-November 2019. The preliminary scientific results are discussed.

Synopsis The interaction of organic molecules with metal surfaces induces drastic changes in the electronic structure of the adsorbate. In particular, properties such as the energy and the lifetime of anionic states are strongly modified. Decay into the metal continuum must be considered in the electron dynamics, since in many cases it dominates over the decay through the vacuum. We present a generalized methodology to study this kind of systems in order to obtain the energy of the states, as well as their lifetime and decay paths.

The aim of the study was to examine the features of phenotype and the levels of NAD(P)-dependent dehydrogenases activity of blood neutrophils in the prognosis of abdominal sepsis development in patients with widespread purulent peritonitis (WPP). 50 patients with WPP of community and hospital origin in the pre-operative period were examined. From the 5th to the 10th day of the postoperative period 35 patients (70%) had developed abdominal sepsis, 15 patients (30%) had absence of complications. As controls 67 respect healthy people were examined. The research blood neutrophils phenotype was performed by f low cytometry using a direct immunofluorescence whole peripheral blood. The levels of surface receptor expression was assessed by the mean fluorescence intensity. The NAD(P)-dependent dehydrogenases activity in the blood neutrophils studied using bioluminescence method. It was established that the inflammatory reaction in patients with WPP is characterized by neutrophilia and changes in the phenotype of blood neutrophils. The markers of the subsequent development of sepsis in WPP are less pronounced (in comparison with the indices of uncomplicated patients), an increase in the number of neutrophils, a decrease in the HLA-DR + -cell count against the background of a high level of neutrophils expressing a high affinity receptor for IgG. The patients without subsequent complications had the number of neutrophils with CD23 receptor expression is increased. Metabolism of neutrophils in patients with WPP is characterized by a decrease in the intensity of plastic processes due to low activity of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase and an imbalance in the activity of the enzymes of the mitochondrial compartment. A feature of the neutrophil metabolism in patients with WPP without subsequent development of sepsis is a high activity of anaerobic lactate dehydrogenase reaction and a decrease in the activity of NADP-dependent decarboxylating malate dehydrogenase. The patients with WPP with subsequent development of sepsis had a high level of NAD-dependent out flow of substrates from the tricarboxylic acid cycle on the amino acid exchange reaction via glutamate dehydrogenase which can affect the activity of aerobic respiration of blood neutrophils. The established differences in the phenotype and activity of enzymes in the blood neutrophils in patients with WPP depending on the subsequent development of sepsis determine the possibility of creating a method for predicting the development of complications and developing immunoactive therapy in the postoperative period of WPP.

The aim of the study was to investigate the regulatory effect of monocytes and their subpopulations on the population composition of granulocyte leukocytes and the state of their respiratory burst in widespread purulent peritonitis (WPP). The study involved 24 patients aged 30-65 with acute surgical diseases and injuries of abdominal organs complicated by WPP. As a control 25 relatively healthy people of the same age range were examined. A study of the population composition of monocytes and granulocyte leukocytes in blood was performed using a two-platform technology on the hematological analyzer Sysmex XE-5000 (Sysmex Inc., USA) and FC-500 flow cytometer (Beckman Coulter, USA) using the Cytodiff antibody kit (Beckman Coulter, USA). A study of the monocytes number expressing HLA-DR- and CD64-receptor was performed by flow cytometry using direct immunofluorescence of whole peripheral blood. The respiratory burst state of neutrophilic granulocytes was studied by chemiluminescence analysis on a 36-channel chemiluminescence analyzer BLM-3607 (MedBioTech, Russia). As indicators of chemiluminescence were used luminol and lucigenin. The enhancement of chemiluminescence induced by zymosan was evaluated by the ratio of the area of the induced chemiluminescence to the spontaneous area and was defined as the activation index. It has been established that the immune-inflammatory process in WPP is characterized by a decrease in the number of classical monocytes in the peripheral blood and an increase in the content of non-classical monocytes. In WPP in peripheral blood the level of monocytes expressing HLA-DR receptors decreases. The change in the ratio of monocytes subpopulations characterizes the increase in the role of the proinflammatory fraction in the WPP pathogenesis. Changes in the population composition of granulocytes in the blood in patients with WPP also characterize the development of an acute inflammatory process. In this case, there is a decrease in the number of basophils in the peripheral blood, which, apparently, is determined by the presence of an allergic component in WPP and, accordingly, their migration to the inflammation area. In patients with WPP activation of a respiratory burst of granulocytes of blood was detected, the intensity of which is determined by the synthesis of primary and secondary active oxygen species. The results of the correlation analysis made it possible to establish that in WPP the regulatory role of non-classical monocytes increases aimed at stimulating the inflammatory processes (an increase in the number of mature and immature forms of neutrophils and stimulation of the activity of a respiratory explosion of granulocytes). The revealed features of the regulatory effect of monocytes on the population composition and the intensity of the respiratory burst of granulocytes can be used in the development of immunotherapeutic methods aimed at reducing the activity of the inflammatory process in WPP.

A high resolution seismic survey carried out by the Shirshov Institute of Oceanology, Russian Academy of Sciences in 2004–2012 near the foot of the continental slopes of the Derbent Basin (Middle Caspian) revealed evidence for active accumulation of contourites in the Pliocene–Holocene. The discovery of these forms and deposits in the Middle Caspian is of great importance for understanding the sedimentation and formation of the bottom topography of the Caspian Sea.

Cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CD3+CD8+, Tcyt) play a major role in protective immunity against intracellular pathogens and can eradicate malignant cells. As based on CD45RA and CD62L expression, the peripheral CD3+CD8+ blood lymphocytes were divided into "na ve" (N) cells, central memory (CM) and effector memory (EM), as well as "terminally-differentiated" CD45RA-positive effector cells (TEMRA). Using multicolor flow cytometry, a co-expression of effector (perforin, granzyme B and CD57) and regulatory (CD27, CD28, CD244 (2B4), CD279 (PD-1) and KLRG1) molecules was studied on all these subsets. CD57 was expressed in 2.39±0.31% “na ve” and 5.45±0.91% of central memory Tcyt. Meanwhile, within EM and TEMRA Tcyt subset, its expression was identified on the cell membranes of 26.53±2.20% and 51.43±2.55% of cells, respectively. Cytolytic effector molecules (granzyme B and perforin) were detected in cytoplasmic granules of 4.22±0.36% and 5.30±0.43% of na ve Tcyt, respectively. For CM cells, these values were 10.09±1.17% and 24.90±3.10%, respectively. Dramatic increases of granzyme B and perforin expression were observed in the “EM → TEMRA” cell lineage, when the relative number of granzyme B-positive cells increased to 41.05±2.63% and 66.73±3.29%, respectively, while perforin was detected in 59.33±4.26% and 75.08±3.12% of cells, respectively. For regulatory molecules, CD244 and KLRG1, the similar dynamics were observed, their expression increased from “na ve” to late maturation stages, while the expression of two main costimulatory molecules – CD27 and CD28, decreased in the lineage N → CM → EM → TEMRA cells. The highest level of CD279 was observed in EM cells. It was shown that CD57-positive cells contain perforin and granzyme B in their cytoplasmic granules and lack CD28 expression. Furthermore, CD57 can be used as a surrogate marker for multicolor immunophenotyping to identify most mature effector cells containing cytolytic enzymes. Our results on the co-expression of all the beforementioned molecules suggest that the most mature CD45RA+CD62L– effector peripheral blood cytotoxic T cells express CD244 and CD57, lack costimulation molecules CD27 and of CD28, as well as inhibitory receptors KLRG1 and CD279.

According to the modern concepts the respiratory burst directly related to the processes of phagocytosis characterizes the functional activity of phagocytic cells. This review presents modern methods for assessing the respiratory burst state of phagocytes based on cytofluorometric and chemiluminescent analysis. The sequence and mechanisms of the reactions of reactive oxygen species (ROS) synthesis in the process of respiratory cell burst are presented in detail. The sequence of synthesis from ROS with low bactericidal activity to ROS with high bactericidal activity is characterized. The review describes in detail the most popular dyes for cytofluorometric analysis to assess the levels of ROS synthesis. Characteristics and examples of the use of such dyes as dihydroethidine, dichlorodihydrofluorescein and dihydrorhodamine 123 are given. The main stages and mechanisms of the chemiluminescence reaction are presented. The features of the use of the main indicators (luminol and lucigenin) of the chemiluminescence reaction are described. A mechanism for estimating the parameters of the chemiluminescence reaction characterizing the features of the state and kinetics of the respiratory burst of phagocytic cells is given. The separate section of the review is devoted to the role of a respiratory burst in phagocytic cells in various immunopathological states. Data on the pathogenetic significance of changes in the intensity and kinetics of respiratory burst of phagocytes in infectious, inflammatory and oncological diseases were presented. Examples of new methods for diagnosing and predicting the course of the immunopathological states characters are presented on the basis of an assessment of the respiratory burst of phagocytic cells. The literature data show that at present, in the diagnosis and evaluation of the nature of the diseases characters the state of a respiratory burst is evaluated in various types of cells of innate immunity: neutrophils, monocytes, etc. It is concluded that the evaluation of the respiratory burst of phagocytic cells can be characterized as the fundamental mechanisms of reacting cells of innate immunity to pathogenic and regulatory effects, so to develop new highly sensitive methods for diagnosing and predicting the development and outcome of various immunopathological conditions. The presented methods of flow cytometry and chemiluminescence analysis make it possible to determine both the integral state of the respiratory explosion, and the levels and kinetic parameters of the synthesis of individual ROS.

Chinese liquorice (Glycyrrhiza uralensis Fisch. ex DC.) is widely used in the food industry and as a medicine. Like other legumes, G. uralensis forms symbiotic nodules. However, the structural organization of G. uralensis nodules is poorly understood. In this study, we analyzed the histological and ultrastructural organization and dynamics of the tubulin cytoskeleton in various cells from different histological zones of indeterminate nodules formed by two strains of Mesorhizobium sp. The unusual walls of infection threads and formation of multiple symbiosomes with several swollen bacteroids were observed. A large amount of poly-β-hydroxybutyrate accumulated in the bacteroids, while the vacuoles of meristematic and uninfected cells contained drop-shaped osmiophilic inclusions. Immunolocalization of the tubulin cytoskeleton and quantitative analysis of cytoskeletal elements revealed patterns of cortical microtubules in meristematic, infected and uninfected cells, and of endoplasmic microtubules associated with infection structures, typical of indeterminate nodules. The intermediate pattern of endoplasmic microtubules in infected cells was correlated with disordered arrangement of symbiosomes. Thus, analysis of the structural organization of G. uralensis nodules revealed some ancestral features more characteristic of determinate nodules, demonstrating the evolutionary closeness of G. uralensis nodulation to more ancient members of the legume family.

Facts confirming the hypothesis of contourite sediment infill of the Equatorial Mid-Ocean Canyon (EMOC) are presented. We examined two cores recovered in Cruises 37 and 43 of the R/V Akademik Ioffe (2012, 2013). The cores recovered upper Quaternary miopelagic clays on the EMOC floor (AI-3149) and the adjacent abyssal plain (AI-2620). The study of these cores unraveled significant differences in their composition. In contrast to the lithologically homogeneous Core AI-2620, Core AI-3149 includes interlayers enriched in the biogenic CaCO3, terrigenous silt, and authigenic ferromanganese micronodules. These peculiarities are attributed to activity of the Antarctic Bottom Water (AABW) contour currents along the EMOC.

The aim of the study was to examine the relationship of the phenotype and metabolism of neutrophils in patients with widespread purulent peritonitis (WPP) in the dynamics of the postoperative period. The study involved 27 patients with acute surgical diseases and injuries of abdominal organs complicated by WPP. Blood sampling was performed prior to surgery (pre-operative period) and at 7, 14 and 24 day post-operative period. As controls 67 respect healthy people were examined. Research blood neutrophilic granulocytes phenotype was performed by f low cytometry using a direct immunof luorescence whole peripheral blood. The levels of surface receptor expression was assessed by the mean f luorescence intensity. The NADand NADP-dependent dehydrogenases activity in the blood neutrophils studied using bioluminescence method. It was found that in patients with WPP in the preoperative period in the peripheral blood increased content of CD62L+-, HLA-DR+and CD64+-neutrophils. High levels of CD62L+-cells stored within 24 postoperative days, whereas the amount of HLA-DR+and CD64+-neutrophils on 24 postoperative day is reduced to the level of controls. The dynamics of changes in the content of CD64+-cells in the peripheral blood of patients with WPP corresponds to the expression level of CD64-receptor on the membrane of neutrophilic granulocytes. The metabolism of blood neutrophils in patients with WPP in the preand postoperative period is characterized by high intensity of the substrate stream on the citric acid cycle, low activity of NADP-dependent glutamate dehydrogenase and aerobic reaction of lactate dehydrogenase. In the preoperative period and within 14 days of the postoperative period in neutrophil granulocytes of the patients revealed high activity of anaerobic lactate dehydrogenase reaction characterized by increased activity of anaerobic glycolysis. In the late postoperative period the intensity of anaerobic energy in the neutrophils of patients with WPP was reduced to the control level. The final stage of post-operative treatment the metabolism in the blood neutrophils of patients with WPP is also characterized by the activation of the pentose phosphate cycle, low activity of malate-aspartate shunt mitochondria and high intensity of the substrate interaction between citric acid cycle and reactions of amino acid metabolism. Using correlation analysis set dysregulation between phenotype and the system of intracellular metabolism of neutrophils which can be determined by the migration of activated cells in the inf lammatory focus as well as changes in the activity of intracellular enzymes under different regulatory factors and including postoperative therapy methods peritonitis.

Results of applying a method of multi-portion weight measuring for refilling tanks of the Fregat upper stage at the Guiana Space Center are presented. The equipment and a program-algorithmic system were developed to execute this method. The capability of refilling upper stage tanks with error 0.04–0.08% is experimentally proved. In 2009–2015, there were 11 successful refillings on the equipment.

The aim of the study was the evaluation of the function of the immune system in chicken pox patients based on clinical and laboratory data. There were examined 75 patients. The study on phenotypic composition of cells in innate immunity was executed with the method of flow cytometry. A detailed study of the immune system in chickenpox patients revealed the alteration in the composition of the subpopulation of T-lymphocytes, with declining populations of T-helper cells, namely, the lowering of relative and absolute number of CD3+ CD4+ and an increase in the relative number of CD3+CD8+ lymphocytes, which is indicative of immunosuppression. No changes according to the number of NK cells, which must actively respond to viral infection (the final stage of activation of cell growth with an increase in their number in peripheral blood). The absence of their increase is indicative of the irresponsive immunity in chickenpox patients

The research aim was to study the phagocytic activity and the blood neutrophils respiratory burst state amongst the patients with widespread purulent peritonitis (WPP) in the dynamics of the postoperative period. The study was involved patients with acute surgical diseases and injuries of the abdominal organs complicated by WPP. Blood sampling was performed prior to surgery (pre-operative period) and at 7, 14 and 24 day post-operative period. The neutrophil phagocytosis level was determined by flow cytometry using FITC-labeled staphylococcal protein A. There was counted the percentage of fluorescent neutrophils (defined as the phagocytic index — PI) and average of the cell fluorescence (phagocytic number — PN). According to the fluorescence intensity divided phagocytic neutrophils in an active (high PN) and weakly phagocytic (low PN). Condition of the respiratory burst in the neutrophils was examined using a chemiluminescent assay. It was found that patients with WPP in the preoperative period had increased phagocytic activity of the blood neutrophils. The maximum phagocytic activity observed on day 7 of the postoperative period and by 24 days the number of phagocytic cells is reduced to control level whereas phagocytic activity of the cells remains at the preoperative level. In the preoperative period in patients with WPP the amount of active phagocytic blood neutrophils 3.3 times higher than the number of weakly phagocytic cells. By the end of the observation period the number of active and weakly phagocytic neutrophils returning to normal. In the study of the state of respiratory burst in the neutrophils by the WPP patients discovered that the primary synthesis levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) increases only with 7 days of postoperative period and the induced activity of NADPH-oxidase remains elevated to the end of the observation period. At the same time, the synthesis of secondary ROS in the blood neutrophil of the WPP patients increased already in the preoperative period and remains high until the end of the survey. Using correlation analysis it was found that if healthy people had a competitive relationship between the level of synthesis of primary ROS and the activity of phagocytosis then all detected correlations in the WPP patients characterized by high level of coordination between the respiratory burst and the phagocytic activity of the neutrophils. These relationships are identified in the preoperative period, postoperatively do not exist. It can be assumed that the surgery and the subsequent treatment leads to complete incoordination in the neutrophils the mechanisms of phagocytosis and respiratory burst.

Aim. Assessment of impact of probiotic lactobacilli complex on treatment efficiency and normalization of immune status in women with human papillomavirus infection (PVI).Methods. Total of 65 patients of reproductive age with cervical pathology and PVI were examined. «Provag» was included into the standard therapy as the source of probiotic lactobacilli complex. Immunological studies were conducted before and after the treatment. The phenotypic profile of peripheral blood lymphocytes was determined by means of flow cytometry. The concentration of immunoglobulin A, G and M in serum was determined by ELISA.Results. Decreased amounts of T- and NK-cells were observed in PVI patients on day 1. Regardless of treatment method, by day 30 the number of T-lymphocytes in the blood of women with PVI increases. Percentage of NK-cells remained below the normal values on day 30 in the group of patients who received traditional scheme of PVI treatment. Patients with PVI taking additionally probiotic lactobacilli complex showed an increase of NK-cells by the end of the treatment. On day 1 decrease of relative and absolute numbers of T-helper cells was detected. Regardless of the method of treatment by day 30 the number of T-helper cells increases to the reference level. IgM and IgG levels in peripheral blood of women with PVI were increased even on day 1. By the end of the observation period their concentration in patients with conventional treatment scheme remained increased. Patients receiving the standard therapy supplemented with «Provag» demonstrated the decrease of these classes of immunoglobulins to the reference level.Conclusion. As a result of treatment normalization of NK-cells and T-helpers numbers was observed whereas the IgG and IgM levels remained increased.

Two aspects of the contribution of grazing incidence fast atom diffraction (GIFAD) to molecular beam epitaxy (MBE) are reviewed here: the ability of GIFAD to provide \emph{in-situ} a precise description of the atomic-scale surface topology, and its ability to follow larger-scale changes in surface roughness during layer-by-layer growth. Recent experimental and theoretical results obtained for the He atom beam incident along the highly corrugated $[ 1\bar{1}0 ]$ direction of the $\beta_{2}$(2$\times$4) reconstructed GaAs(001) surface are summarized and complemented by the measurements and calculations for the beam incidence along the weakly corrugated [010] direction where a periodicity twice smaller as expected is observed. The combination of the experiment, quantum scattering matrix calculations, and semiclassical analysis allows in this case to reveal structural characteristics of the surface. For the in situ measurements of GIFAD during molecular beam epitaxy of GaAs on GaAs surface we analyse the change in elastic and inelastic contributions in the scattered beam, and the variation of the diffraction pattern in polar angle scattering. This analysis outlines the robustness, the simplicity and the richness of the GIFAD as a technique to monitor the layer-by-layer epitaxial growth.

The geological and geophysical expedition duringcruise 52 of the R/V Akademik Ioffe was organized bythe Shirshov Institute of Oceanology, Russian Academyof Sciences, according to the expeditionary programof FASO Russia; it was combined with transit ofthe vessel after the end of the Arctic tourist season,from September 29 to November 8, 2016 (port of exit:Gdansk, Poland; port of entry: Ushuaia, Argentina).The objectives of the expedition were formulatedby scientific supervisor I.O. Murdmaa. The scientificparty included 12 persons. The expedition was led byE.V. Ivanova and her deputy D.G. Borisov. The tasksof the expedition were carried out by the geologicalteam (head E.A. Ovsepyan) and seismic profiling andmeteorology team (head N.V. Libina).The expedition was aimed at high-resolution seismicprofiling along the ship?s track and in the centralpart of the Ioffe Drift, with collection of sedimentcores and grab samples in order to investigate theimpact of bottom circulation on sedimentation.Geological works included sediment sampling tostudy contourites (sediments formed by contour currents)and other lateral sedimentation products (turbidites,gravitites). The studies were carried out intransform valleys of the Mid-Atlantic Ridge (MAR),on the Ioffe contourite drift in the southern BrazilBasin, and on contourite terraces of the southernArgentine continental slope. The stations of sedimentsampling by gravity corers (127 mm in diameter) andan Okean 0.25 grab sampler were selected on seismicprofiles with a high-resolution SES-2000 deep subbottomecho sounder (4?7 kHz). Positioning of thevessel at the scheduled sites was assisted by GPS. Themethods of preliminary onboard analyses during theexpedition, including 5487 NM of seismic profiling,were performed along the vessel track starting from theexit to the Atlantic, except for the economic zones ofEuropean countries and Argentina, and including194 miles in a survey area in the central Ioffe Drift.Twenty-seven geological sampling stations were made(Fig. 1) with the collection of 3 sediment cores and17 grab samples or minicores. Fil: Ivanova, E. V.. Russian Academy Of Sciences; Rusia Fil: Murdmaa, I. O.. Russian Academy Of Sciences; Rusia Fil: Borisov, D. G.. Russian Academy Of Sciences; Rusia Fil: Simagin, N. V.. Russian Academy Of Sciences; Rusia. Lomonosov Moscow State University; Rusia Fil: Ovsepyan, E. A.. Russian Academy Of Sciences; Rusia Fil: Libina, N. V.. Russian Academy Of Sciences; Rusia Fil: Isola, José Ignacio. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Ciudad Universitaria. Instituto de Geociencias Básicas, Aplicadas y Ambientales de Buenos Aires. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Instituto de Geociencias Básicas, Aplicadas y Ambientales de Buenos Aires; Argentina Fil: Bulycheva, E. V.. Russian Academy Of Sciences; Rusia Fil: Shulga, N. A.. Russian Academy Of Sciences; Rusia Fil: Krek, A. V.. Russian Academy Of Sciences; Rusia Fil: Lobus, N. V.. Russian Academy Of Sciences; Rusia Fil: Lapidus, L. V.. Russian Academy Of Sciences; Rusia

We report measurements of the temporal dynamics of the valence band photoemission from the magnesium (0001) surface across the resonance of the Γ surface state at 134 eV and link them to observations of high-resolution synchrotron photoemission and numerical calculations of the time-dependent Schrödinger equation using an effective single-electron model potential. We observe a decrease in the time delay between photoemission from delocalized valence states and the localized core orbitals on resonance. Our approach to rigorously link excitation energy-resolved conventional steady-state photoemission with attosecond streaking spectroscopy reveals the connection between energy-space properties of bound electronic states and the temporal dynamics of the fundamental electronic excitations underlying the photoelectric effect., We thank F. Siegrist for experimental assistance, and we acknowledge financial support by the Munich Centre for Advanced Photonics (MAP). R. K. acknowledges an ERC Consolidator Grant “AEDMOS” (ERC-2014-CoG AEDMOS). D. P. acknowledges support from the “MEDEA” (H2020- MSCA-ITN-2014-641789-MEDEA).

The paper examines the process of aerial vehicle coordinates detection using the multilateration radio system. Spatial diversity of multilateration system under investigation is achieved by single transmitting node and array of anchor nodes. The original results and findings are as follows: detection at the receiver node position of azimuth angles between aerial vehicle and signal irradiated by transmitter. The following procedure is used to determine co-operative range measurement, radial velocity and relative cartesian coordinates of object of interest and vector velocities of aerial vehicle.

The dynamics of ultrafast electron currents triggered by femtosecond laser pulse irradiation of narrow gaps in a plasmonic dimer is studied using quantum mechanical Time-Dependent Density Functional Theory (TDDFT). The electrons are injected into the gap due to the optical field emission from the surfaces of the metal nanoparticles across the junction. Further evolution of the electron currents in the gap is governed by the locally enhanced electric fields. The combination of TDDFT and classical modelling of the electron trajectories allows us to study the quiver motion of the electrons in the gap region as a function of the Carrier Envelope Phase (CEP) of the incident pulse. In particular, we demonstrate the role of the quiver motion in establishing the CEP-sensitive net electric transport between nanoparticles., G. A. acknowledges project PI2017-30 of the Departamento de Educación, Política Lingüística y Cultura of the Basque government and, G. A. and J. A. acknowledge funding from project FIS2016-80174-P of the Ministry of Economy, Industry and Competitiveness MINEICO.

Expert approaches to chronic kidney disease. The basic symptoms that indicate the presence of chronic kidney disease (CKD) are analysed. The authors present the modem classification of CKD, the characteristics of its stages, and requirements for the formulation of a diagnosis. The author's interpretation of the articles of the Regulations on military-medical examination, which are carried out survey of citizens subject to an initial statement on the military registration, conscription and reservists who have given pathology, is given. The necessity of the unification of expert approaches in military-medical and medical-social examination.

The aim of the study was to investigate the influence of multivalent vaccines for the prevention and treatment of Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection in the phenotype of innate immune cells in patients with polytrauma. There were observed 60 patients with verified diagnosis ofpolytrauma. The subjects were divided into 2 subgroups by means of the simple randomization method: the patients treated with the traditional scheme and cases who additionally received the vaccine «Pseudovac». Investigation of the phenotypic composition of innate immunity cells were performed by flow cytometry on admission to hospital, on the 10th and 20th day of hospitalization. In patients with polytrauma who additionally received the vaccine «Pseudovac» in the blood there was increased the number of monocytes with CD14hiCD16+ phenotype and HLA-DR+-monocytes level retained. The number of NKT-cells (involved in immunoregulatory processes) in patients with polytrauma increased after the vaccine treatment, whereas the content of total NK-cells reduced, but while a high level of cytokine-producing cell fraction maintained. The use of the vaccine «Pseudovac» permits to compensate immunodeficiency that occurs in polytrauma due to the formation of adaptive immunity against one of the most common infections and the activation of innate immunity.

The aim of the investigation was to evaluate the information content of Hematoflow method in the pathogenetic significance in determining the violations of the cellular responses of innate and adaptive immunity, as well as the decision on the appointment of immunotropic treatment of patients with onychomycosis. The study involved 42 patients with onychomycosis feet and hands/feet at the age of 20–45 years before the appointment of a systemic antifungal therapy. The diagnosis of mycosis, onychomycosis was confirmed by microscopic examination of the fragments of the damaged nail plate. The growth of the fungus culture on special media was observed in 64% of patients. 24 healthy persons were examined as controls. A study of the phenotype of white blood cells was performed on a dual-platform technology hematology analyzer and flow cytometry using a set of antibodies Cytodiff: CD36-FITC, CD2-PE, CD294(CRTH2)-PE, CD19-ECD, CD16-PC5 и CD45-PC7. The phenotypic composition evaluation of the white blood cells by the Hematoflow method allowed to establish in patients with onychomycosis the violation cellular innate and adaptive immunity. Minor changes were detected in the population composition of granule cells in the peripheral blood of patients manifested to an increase in the content of the young and segmented granulocytes. When monotsitopeniya patients with onychomycosis increases the content of the «classic» monocytes and decreases the level of «non-classical» monocytes. Changes in the composition of blood monocytes subpopulation identified in patients with the infection lasting up to 3 years and stored in the course of the disease. The most pronounced changes were found in patients with onychomycosis by the performance of adaptive immunity. Lymphopenia in these patients is realized by reducing the number of immature and mature B-cell, but by increasing the content of T-lymphocytes. Moreover, if the content of immature B-cells have decreased in patients with a duration of infection of up to 3 years, the change in the number of mature Tand B-lymphocytes detected during disease duration 3–10 and 10 years. These changes in the content of Tand B-lymphocytes reflect immunopathogenetic processes and determine the importance of Tand B-cell immunity in onychomycosis. In general, the Hematoflow method is informative in assessing violations the cell of innate and adaptive immunity. It allows to evaluate the severity of the immunopathological process mechanism and the level of damage to the immune system, can recommend its use for a personalized approach to the appointment immunotropic treatment.

The high-resolution SES-2000 deep seismic profiles performed by R/V Akademik Ioffe (2010) recorded a calcareous contourite drift over the Florianopolis fracture zone ridge, South Atlantic, named the Ioffe Drift. Core AI-2436 retrieved from the drift summit recovered calcareous nannofossil–foraminiferal ooze contourites with small amounts of fine-grained terrigenous siliciclastic material. The calcareous ooze is intercalated with foraminiferal sand and more clayey ooze layers in the Upper Pleistocene section. According to planktonic foraminiferal and nannofossil biostratigraphy, the age of the uppermost section of the drift ranges from the Late Pliocene to the Late Pleistocene. It includes several stratigraphic hiatuses due to erosion, especially at the end of Pliocene–Early Pleistocene and in the intervals 1.51–0.81 and 0.44–0.27 Ma. The Ioffe Drift accumulated under the influence of the eastern branch of the Antarctic Bottom Water (AABW) outflow from the Vema Channel. Temporary intensification of the AABW flow, likely due to its increased production in the Weddell Sea, led to deep erosion ultimately resulting in long-term hiatuses and hence contributing to the enormously compressed Upper Pliocene–Middle Pleistocene section of the drift.

High-resolution seismoacoustic and multibeam data revealed a large field of sediment waves covering the Santa Catarina Plateau on the Brazilian Southern Margin. Within the field several zones were determined: a zone of large sediment waves (up to 70 m in height), a zone of smaller sediment waves (15–30 m in height) and a zone of buried sediment waves. The correlation of the seismoacoustic and multibeam data with the results of numerical modeling of bottom current velocities showed a strong influence of bottom currents on the formation of sediment waves. The process of wave burial in the northern part of the field can be caused by the interplay between gravity flows from the continental slope and bottom currents.

We use classical electrodynamics, time-dependent density functional theory, and random-phase approximation to study the gap plasmons propagating in the nm-wide gap between metal surfaces. Particular emphasis is given to the quantum effects emerging when the junction is functionalized with a nanostructure supporting unoccupied gap localized electronic states. With the example of a quantum well (QW) introduced in the junction we show that the optically assisted electron transport across the junction via the gateway QW localized electronic states might strongly affect the lifetime and the propagation length of the gap plasmon. The coupling to the single-particle electron-hole excitations from occupied electronic states at metal surfaces into the QW-localized electronic states provides an efficient decay channel of the gap plasmon mode. Different from the through-gap electron tunneling discussed in the plasmonics literature, the electron transport involving the gateway electronic state is characterized by the threshold behavior with plasmon frequency. As a consequence, the dynamics of the gap plasmon can be controlled by varying the binding energy of the QW-localized electronic state. In more general terms, our results demonstrate strong sensitivity of the gap plasmons to the optically assisted electron transport properties of the junction which opens further perspectives in design of nanosensors and integrated active optical devices.

Metallic structures with nanogap features have proven highly effective as building blocks for plasmonic systems, as they can provide a wide tuning range of operating frequencies and large near-field enhancements. Recent work has shown that quantum mechanical effects such as electron tunnelling and nonlocal screening become important as the gap distances approach the subnanometre length-scale. Such quantum effects challenge the classical picture of nanogap plasmons and have stimulated a number of theoretical and experimental studies. This review outlines the findings of many groups into quantum mechanical effects in nanogap plasmons, and discusses outstanding challenges and future directions., W.Z. acknowledges support under the Cooperative Research Agreement between the University of Maryland and the National Institute of Standards and Technology Center for Nanoscale Science and Technology, award no. 70NANB10H193, through the University of Maryland. K.B.C. acknowledges funding from the Australian Research Council’s Discovery Projects (project number DP150103736) and Future Fellowship (project number FT140100577) funding schemes and from the Victorian Endowment for Science, Knowledge and Innovation (VESKI). R.E. acknowledges the Fellow Gipuzkoa of the Gipuzkoako Foru Aldundia through FEDER funds of the European Union ‘Una manera de hacer Europa’. R.E. and J.A. acknowledge Project FIS2013-41184-P of the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness and federal grant 70NANB15H321 from the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST). A.G.B. acknowledges warm hospitality of Donostia International Physics Center. J.J.B. acknowledges support from UK EPSRC grants EP/G060649/1, EP/L027151/1, EP/G037221/1, EPSRC NanoDTC and ERC grant LINASS 320503. P.N. acknowledges support from the Robert A. Welch foundation under grant C-1222 and the Air Force Office of Science and Research under grant FA9550-15-1-0022.

This study is based on the seismoacoustic data (3.5 kHz) collected during cruise 9209 of the RV Maurice Ewing (1992), organized within the framework of preparation for ODP drilling – leg 154. The analysis of the acquired data helped distinguish major acoustic facies and their spatial distribution in the study area. It was found out that almost the entire northern segment of the Ceara Rise is covered by a vast field of contourite sediment waves. The distribution of sediment wave heights is suggested to be controlled by geostrophic currents of AABW and NADW as well as by processes on the boundaries between water masses. Contourite erosional features are not widespread and generally resulted from the interaction of the bottom current with prominent topographic obstacles like western scarp of the Ceara Rise or basement outcrops.