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Abstract Transient vision loss after major surgical procedures is a rare clinical complication. The most common etiologies are cardiac, spinal, head, and neck surgeries. There has been no report on vision loss after lung resection. A 65-year-old man was admitted to our clinic with lung cancer. Resection was performed using right upper lobectomy with no complications. Cortical blindness developed 12 hours later in the postoperative period. Results from magnetic resonance imaging and diffusion-weighted investigations were normal. The neurologic examination was normal. The blood glucose level was 92 mg/dL and blood gas analysis showed a PO2 of 82 mm Hg. After 24 hours, the patient began to see and could count fingers, and his vision was fully restored within 72 hours after this point. Autonomic dysfunction due to impaired microvascular structures in diabetes mellitus may induce posterior circulation dysfunction, even when the hemodynamic state is normal in the perioperative period. The physician must keep in mind that vision loss may occur after lung resection due to autonomic dysfunction, especially in older patients with diabetes mellitus.

The origins of mediastinal masses could be traumatic, infectious, degenerative, or neoplastic origin. Occasionaly substernal goiters could grow into the mediastinum leading to giant mediastinal masses. We report a case of a 55-year-old female patient admitted to our clinic with major complaints of chronic cough and dyspnea. Mass that extended from the posterior mediastinum and multiple nodules in the left thyroid lobe were detected in thorax computed tomography which lead to operation . As in our case The development of a giant mediastinal mass in recurrent thyroid patients after thyroidectomy could occur rarely. [Cukurova Med J 2012; 37(4.000): 234-237]

Amaç: Bu çalışmada bir sigara bırakma polikliniğinin ilk verilerinin değerlendirilmesi amaçlanmıştır. Yöntem:; 2009-2010 yılları arasında Konya Numune hastanesinde sigara bıraktırma polikliniğine, sigarayı kendi kendine bıraktıktan sonra sigara içiciliğine yeniden başlamamak için yardım isteyen 8 kadın, 17 erkekten oluşan toplam 25 sigara içicisinin bir yıllık takip sonuçları retrospektif olarak değerlendirilmiştir. Bulgular: 25 olgunun ilk bir ay içerisinde yardım istediği belirlenmiştir. Sigara bırakımı akabinde bu olgularda sıklık sırasına göre aşırı sinirlilik, oral aft, kabızlık, kilo alma yakınmalarının ortay a çıktığı bildirilmiştir. Hiçbir olguya nikotin yerine koyma tedavisi verilmemiş ve 20 olguya serotonin geri alım inhibitörü başlanmıştır. Bir yıllık takip periyodunda olgulardan 9’u yeniden sigara içmeye başlarken, 16’sında sigara bırakmışlığın devamlılığı sağlanabilmiştir. Sonuç: Kendi kendine sigarayı bırakan kişilerin yeniden sigara içmemek için yardım istediğinde, erken dönemde kendilerine yapılan motivasyonel ve/veya farmakoterapi, sigara bırakmışlığın süregenliğinde büyük önem taşımaktadır.

Purpose: The aim of this study was to evaluate preliminary data of a smoking cessation clinic. Methods: In this study, Konya Numune Hospital smoking cessation clinic between the years 2009-2010, cigarette smoking, to start again after stopping for a self-help smokers who want a 1-year follow-up results were evaluated retrospectively. Results: One-year follow-up results were evaluated retrospectively in 25 smokers. 8 patients female and 17 were male. Twent five patients asked for to help in the first month. Symptoms reported after cessation of smoking were extreme nervousness in these cases, oral aphthous ulcers, constipation and weight gain. None of the cases received nicotine replacement therapy where as 20 of them received selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors. Nine patients started smoking again a one-year follow-up period while 16 patients achieved quitting smoking. Conclusion: Smoking cessation clinics help patients quit smoking in the long run. [Cukurova Med J 2012; 37(2.000): 103-106]

Today, malnutrition that is caused by the rapidly increasing global population became one of the problems worldwide. Additionally, serious health problems that are caused by GMOs are the great concerns of the countries. Therefore, researchers from different fields are trying to find a variety solutions to this problem. Thus, greenhouse cultivation holds importance as an alternative agricultural method. In fact, historically greenhouse cultivation goes up until Roman Empire, and it has been developed in recent years. Greenhouse cultivation had started as an avocation or a leisure activity of only rich people. However, it expanded to a broader range of population to enable farming of some fruits and vegetables at their unnatural habitats or seasons. In this study, alterations of these processes since the day of establishment were analyzed. Greenhouse cultivation in T.R.N.C. in the content of agricultural geography has been evaluated because of its convenient conditions due to its duration of sunlight achievement and localization.

21-year-old female patient was admitted to our outpatient clinic with the complaints of drooping of the right upper eyelid and asymmetry in pupillary size between the two eyes. Complete history revealed that her complaints had started after having a surgery in the axillary area for hyperhidrosis of both hands. During the ophthalmologic examination, we observed ptosis and myosis in the right eye. 0.5% apraclonidine and 10% cocaine tests were performed and the patient was diagnosed as Horner syndrome. (Turk J Oph thal mol 2012; 42: 72-4)

Introduction: Obese rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients often show reduced responses to traditional treatments, including TNF inhibitors (TNFi). Considering the different mechanisms of action it is important to evaluate the efficacy of tofacitinib in obese patients. This study aims to explore the impact of obesity on the drug survival of tofacitinib in RA patients., Material and Methods: This retrospective cohort study included RA patients treated with tofacitinib. Patients were categorized into obese (BMI ≥ 30 kg/m 2 ) and non-obese (BMI < 30 kg/m 2 ) groups. The primary outcome was drug survival, assessed using Kaplan-Meier and logistic regression analyses., Results: The study comprised 80 RA patients, with 31 (39%) classified as obese. At the 12-month mark, the drug survival rate for tofacitinib was higher in the obese group (81%) compared to the non-obese group (59%). Contrary to univariable analysis, multivariate analysis did not identify obesity as a significant predictor of drug survival. Other variables including sex, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, and anti-cyclic citrullinated peptide (anti-CCP) positivity also showed no significant association with tofacitinib drug survival., Conclusion: The findings indicate that obesity does not alter the drug survival rate for tofacitinib among RA patients. Univariate analysis reported a potentially higher drug survival rate in obese patients; however, the lack of statistical significance in multivariate analysis and the study's retrospective nature necessitate further research to validate these observations and guide personalized therapeutic strategies for this population., (© 2024. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Austria, part of Springer Nature.)

Cancer is a deadly disease that affects millions of people worldwide and is a source of great difficulty, stress, and trauma not only for patients but also for their caregivers. The physical and emotional suffering that patients experience by patients can lead their caregivers to cope with constant anxiety, sadness, and uncertainty. Moreover, during the cancer treatment process, caregivers must make a great effort to meet the needs of patients and support them. This situation may negatively affect the quality of life and psychological health of cancer patients' caregivers and may lead them to experience trauma. The aim of this cross-sectional study was to examine posttraumatic growth's relationship with age, the transformative power of suffering, and hope in family caregivers of cancer patients. Participants consisted of 314 Turkish family caregivers of cancer patients (73.2% women; M age  = 39.89 years) selected by using convenience sampling method. Participants answered a data collection tool consisting of a demographic information form, the Posttraumatic Growth Inventory, Trait Hope Scale, and Transformative Power of Suffering Scale. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, the Pearson product-moment correlation coefficient analysis, simple mediation analysis, and moderated mediation analysis. The results of this study revealed that hope mediated the association between the transformative power of suffering and posttraumatic growth in family caregivers of cancer patients, whereas age moderated this relationship. Psychosocial support programs for cancer caregivers could benefit from incorporating interventions that explore the transformative potential of suffering and cultivate hope. Tailoring these interventions to address the specific needs of different age groups may enhance their effectiveness. Future researchers should investigate the factors associated with posttraumatic growth in caregivers across diverse cultures, age ranges, and cancer diagnoses., (© 2024. The Author(s).)

Background and Aim: Chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) incidence has recently increased in younger individuals. With time, given the nature of the disease and available therapies, as well as the existing paucity and inconsistency of advice, worries about fertility have surfaced. With all these clear unknowns, we designed this study to raise awareness among both physicians and CML patients about whether male and female patients of childbearing age were using contraception at the time of diagnosis, and if so, which methods they were using. In this context, this study aimed to evaluate the contraception methods in patients with CML., Materials and Methods: Eighteen centres from Turkey participated in the study. Male and female patients of childbearing age diagnosed with chronic and accelerated phase CML between the years 2000 and 2024 were evaluated retrospectively., Results: Of the two hundred and thirty-two patients included, one hundred and twenty-five (53.9%) of these patients were female and 107 (46.1%) were male. At diagnosis, all female patients were in the childbearing age, and male patients were sexually active. The median age at diagnosis of the patients was 38 (range, 18-77) years. Eighty-six (68.8%) female patients were using any contraception method, while this was 53.2% (n = 57) among male patients., Conclusion: In conclusion, since CML patients are diagnosed at an earlier age and the desire of these patients to have children, adequate information and evaluation should be provided regarding fertility and contraception issues, especially in female patients, from the moment of diagnosis., Competing Interests: Declaration of conflicting interestsThe authors declared no potential conflicts of interest with respect to the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article.

Introduction: The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between the dietary oxidative balance score (OBS), an indicator of oxidative stress, anthropometric measures and socioeconomic factors in women at low risk of cardiovascular disease., Methods: The participants' 3-day dietary intake, demographic information, anthropometric measurements and blood pressure values were recorded, and the Framingham Risk Score (FRS) and OBS values were determined. Oxidative balance score consists of prooxidant and antioxidant scores. Prooxidant scores were calculated from red meat consumption, total iron and polyunsaturated fatty acid intake, alcohol and cigarette consumption parameters, while antioxidant scores were calculated by assessing cruciferous consumption, dietary total vitamin C, vitamin E, β-carotene, β-cryptoxanthin, β-carotene, β-cryptoxanthin, lycopene, lutein+zeaxanthin and selenium intake., Results: A total of 145 women were included in the study. Education level was associated with anthropometric measurements, income status with antioxidant and prooxidant scores, and exercise status with OBS (p<0.05). Weight, waist, hip, BMI, waist/hip, and waist/height ratio were significantly lower in subjects with low prooxidant score (p<0.05); there was no significant relationship between age, systolic, diastolic, FRS (p>0.05)., Conclusion: The study, conducted in healthy women, showed that dietary oxidative balance scoring is promising in preventing the development of CVD and reducing the burden of disease, and that prospective cohort studies should be conducted in this area., (Copyright © 2024 Sociedad Española de Arteriosclerosis. Publicado por Elsevier España, S.L.U. All rights reserved.)

Background and Objectives: Crush injury, the most important trauma complication encountered in earthquake victims, occurs as a result of prolonged compression of muscle mass. Crush syndrome, resulting from crush injury, and acute kidney injury (AKI) are the most common causes of in-hospital deaths after earthquakes. The aim of this study is to convey our experience after the devastating Turkey-Syria earthquake and to identify the risk factors of crush syndrome and crush-related AKI., Methods: Of the 1134 children admitted to the emergency department, 265 with crush injury were included the study. Demographic information, laboratory and clinical data of the patients were retrospectively analyzed., Results: Mean age of the patients was 10.3 ± 4.9 years (134 females and 131 males). The median time spent under the rubble was 20 h. Crush syndrome developed in 135 (50.9%). Patients with crush syndrome were older and had higher body weight, respectively (p = 0.014, p = 0.044). Acute kidney injury was present in 157 (59.2%) patients. Thirty-two patients (12.1%) received kidney replacement therapy (KRT). The risk factors for the development of AKI Stage 3 were crush syndrome, abdominal trauma, and age., Conclusion: This disaster taught us the importance of establishing in advance a national emergency disaster plan. Older pediatric earthquake victims with multiple trauma and severe crush syndrome should be closely followed-up for development of AKI and, if necessary, started on dialysis. Timely access to medical care, early fluid resuscitation, and effective use of dialysis treatment are essential., (© 2024. The Author(s) under exclusive licence to Italian Society of Nephrology.)

Background: Two earthquakes on 6 February 2023 destroyed 10 cities in Türkiye. We report our experience with pediatric victims during these catastrophes, with a focus on crush syndrome related-acute kidney injury (Crush-AKI) and death., Method: Web-based software was prepared. Patient demographics, time under rubble (TUR), admission laboratory data, dialysis, and kidney and overall outcomes were recorded., Results: A total of 903 injured children (median age 11.62 years) were evaluated. Mean TUR was 13 h (interquartile range 32.5, max 240 h). Thirty-one of 32 patients with a TUR of >120 h survived. The patient who was rescued after 10 days survived. Two-thirds of the patients were given 50 mEq/L sodium bicarbonate in 0.45% sodium chloride solution on admission day. Fifty-eight percent of patients were given intravenous fluid (IVF) at a volume of 2000-3000 mL/m2 body surface area (BSA), 40% at 3000-4000 mL/m2 BSA and only 2% at >4000 mL/m2 BSA. A total of 425 patients had surgeries, and 48 suffered from major bleeding. Amputations were recorded in 96 patients. Eighty-two and 66 patients required ventilator and inotropic support, respectively. Crush-AKI developed in 314 patients (36% of all patients). In all, 189 patients were dialyzed. Age >15 years, creatine phosphokinase (CK) ≥20 950 U/L, TUR ≥10 h and the first-day IVF volume <3000-4000 mL/m2 BSA were associated with Crush-AKI development. Twenty-two deaths were recorded, 20 of 22 occurring in patients with Crush-AKI and within the first 4 days of admission. All patients admitted after 7 days survived., Conclusions: These are the most extensive pediatric kidney disaster data obtained after an earthquake. Serum CK level was significantly associated with Crush-AKI at the levels of >20 950 U/L, but not with death. Adolescent age and initial IVF of less than 3000-4000 mL/m2 BSA were also associated with Crush-AKI. Given that mildly injured victims can survive longer periods in the disaster field, we suggest uninterrupted rescue activity for at least 10 days., (© The Author(s) 2024. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the ERA.)

Schimke Immuno-Osseous Dysplasia (SIOD) (MIM:242900) is an ultra-rare autosomal recessive pan-ethnic pleiotropic disease. Typical findings of this syndrome are steroid-resistant nephrotic syndrome, cellular immunodeficiency and spondyloepiphyseal dysplasia and facial dysmorphism. Biallelic variants in the SMARCAL1 gene cause SIOD. The five-and-half-year-old female patient was evaluated because of short stature, dysmorphism, hypercalcemia, hypophosphatemia and elevated FSH levels. Karyotype analysis and array-CGH testing were normal. Clinical Exome Sequencing was performed via next-generation sequencing to analyze genes associated with hypophosphatemia. No pathogenic variant was detected. The subsequent detection of proteinuria during her follow-up for cross-fused ectopic left kidney ultimately facilitated the diagnosis of SIOD, although no obvious spondyloepiphyseal dysplasia was detected. Re-analysis of CES revealed a novel homozygous c.2422&#95;2427+9delinsA pathogenic variant in the SMARCAL1 . One hundred twenty-five SIOD cases from 38 literature reporting SMARCAL1 gene pathogenic variants were reviewed to investigate whether hypercalcemia, hypophosphatemia and elevated FSH levels had been previously reported in SIOD patients. This review revealed that this was the first time these findings had been reported in a SIOD patient. This report expands not only the phenotypic but also genotypic spectrum of SIOD.

Introduction: Donor nephrectomy (DN) is a unique surgical procedure in urological practice, as it involves exposing a healthy individual to the potential risks of surgery. This type of surgery exhibits heterogeneity in terms of approach (open, laparoscopic, or robotic), each with its unique set of advantages and disadvantages. Consequently, there is currently a lack of universally agreed upon clear guidelines. In these settings, this study aims to evaluate transplantation surgeons' knowledge through a real-life survey and compare it with data from published randomized controlled trials (RCTs)., Evidence Acquisition: The study is divided into two parts, with the first part focusing on the outcomes of the real-life survey designed to assess surgeons' knowledge about different DN approaches and their real-world practices during the surgery. The second part involves a systematic review and meta-analysis of RCTs, specifically examining the outcomes of different surgical approaches to DN. The systematic review followed the PRISMA Guidelines and involved a search of PubMed and Web of Science for RCTs comparing the outcomes of different DN approaches. The risk of bias was assessed using the RoB-2 tool. The random effect model was mainly used to assess the mean difference of the included studies., Evidence Synthesis: The study was conducted between July 2021 and January 2022 and surveyed 50 surgeons, of which 35 participants (70%) completed the survey. Regarding various approaches to DN, 97.14% of surgeons reported having experience with live DN, and 45.72% performed over 15 cases per year. The most performed approach was pure laparoscopic DN (68.57%). Pure laparoscopic DN was the preferred approach for 77.42% of respondents. The review process resulted in 335 articles, of which 35 were eligible for inclusion in the systematic review. In summary, most studies found that laparoscopic approaches, including standard, hand-assisted, LESS-DN, and mini-LDN, resulted in less postoperative pain, better cosmetic, and quicker recovery times compared to open approaches. The main limitation of the current study is the heterogeneity of the included studies., Conclusions: The study provides valuable insights into the practices of renal transplantation surgeons, offering a comprehensive comparison to level 1 studies (RCTs) in the field. It underscores the continued significance of ODN in contemporary practice, particularly in light of recommendations from the EAU guidelines on renal transplantation. This reaffirms the need to consider the advantages and disadvantages of various approaches, including factors such as cost, postoperative pain, and cosmetic outcomes. While robotic-assisted DN holds promise, their adoption remains variable, potentially due to limited robust evidence.

Spontaneous intracranial hypotension (SIH) is a potentially debilitating condition resulting from a low cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) volume secondary to spinal CSF leakage. Characteristic clinical and radiological imaging findings are helpful in diagnosis. Herein, we present and discuss the magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and CSF flow study of two patients with SIH and no CSF flow within the cerebral aqueduct, which is extremely rare in the literature.

Background: To examine the artificial intelligence (AI) tools currently being studied in modern medical education, and critically evaluate the level of validation and the quality of evidence presented in each individual study., Methods: This review (PROSPERO ID: CRD42023410752) was conducted according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) statement. A database search was conducted using PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane Library. Articles written in the English language between 2000 and March 2023 were reviewed retrospectively using the MeSH Terms "AI" and "medical education" A total of 4642 potentially relevant studies were found., Results: After a thorough screening process, 36 studies were included in the final analysis. These studies consisted of 26 quantitative studies and 10 studies investigated the development and validation of AI tools. When examining the results of studies in which Support vector machines (SVMs) were employed, it has demonstrated high accuracy in assessing students' experiences, diagnosing acute abdominal pain, classifying skilled and novice participants, and evaluating surgical training levels. Particularly in the comparison of surgical skill levels, it has achieved an accuracy rate of over 92%., Conclusion: AI tools demonstrated effectiveness in improving practical skills, diagnosing diseases, and evaluating student performance. However, further research with rigorous validation is required to identify the most effective AI tools for medical education., Competing Interests: Declaration of Conflicting InterestsThe author(s) declared no potential conflicts of interest with respect to the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article.

Tissue engineering (TE) is a field of science that combines biological, engineering, and medical sciences and allows the development of disease models, drug development and gene therapy studies, and even cellular or tissue-based treatments developed by engineering methods. The eye is an organ that is easily accessible and amenable to engineering applications, paving the way for TE in ophthalmology. TE studies are being conducted on a wide range of topics, including the tear film, eyelids, cornea, optic nerve, glaucoma, and retinal diseases. With the rapid scientific advances in the field, it seems that TE is radically modifying the management of ocular disorders., Competing Interests: Conflict of Interest: No conflict of interest was declared by the authors., (©Copyright 2024 by the Turkish Ophthalmological Association / Turkish Journal of Ophthalmology published by Galenos Publishing House.)

Background: The aim of this study was to assess the adherence to the current European Society of Cardiology dyslipidemia guidelines, the ratio of reaching target values according to risk groups, and the reasons for not reaching LDL-cholesterol (LDL-C) goals in patients on already statin therapy in a cardiology outpatient population., Methods: The AIZANOI study is a multi-center, cross-sectional observational study including conducted in 9 cardiology centers between August 1, 2021, and November 1, 2021., Results: A total of 1225 patients (mean age 62 ± 11 years, 366 female) who were already on statin therapy for at least 3 months were included. More than half (58.2%) of the patients were using high-intensity statin regimens. Only 26.2% of patients had target LDL-C level according to their risk score. Despite 58.4% of very high-risk patients and 44.4% of high-risk patients have been using a high-intensity statin regimen, only 24.5% of very-high-risk patients and only 34.9% of high-risk patients have reached guideline-recommended LDL-C levels. Most prevalent reason for not using target dose statin was physician preference (physician inertia) (40.3%)., Conclusion: The AIZANOI study showed that we achieved a target LDL-C level in only 26.2% of patients using statin therapy. Although 58.4% of patients with a very high SCORE risk and 44.4% of patients with a high SCORE risk were using a target dose statin regimen, we were only able to achieve guideline-recommended LDL-C levels in 24.5% and 34.9% of them, respectively, in cardiology outpatients clinics. Physician inertia is one of the major factors in non-adherence to guidelines. These findings highlight that combination therapy is needed in most of the patients.

Ophthalmic diseases affect many people, causing partial or total loss of vision and a reduced quality of life. The anterior segment of the eye accounts for nearly half of all visual impairment that can lead to blindness. Therefore, there is a growing demand for ocular research and regenerative medicine that specifically targets the anterior segment to improve vision quality. This study aims to generate a microfluidic platform for investigating the formation of the anterior segment of the eye derived from human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSC) under various spatial-mechanoresponsive conditions. Microfluidic platforms are developed to examine the effects of dynamic conditions on the generation of hiPSCs-derived ocular organoids. The differentiation protocol is validated, and mechanoresponsive genes are identified through transcriptomic analysis. Several culture strategies is implemented for the anterior segment of eye cells in a microfluidic chip. hiPSC-derived cells showed anterior eye cell characteristics in mRNA and protein expression levels under dynamic culture conditions. The expression levels of yes-associated protein and transcriptional coactivator PDZ binding motif (YAP/TAZ) and PIEZO1, varied depending on the differentiation and growth conditions of the cells, as well as the metabolomic profiles under dynamic culture conditions., (© 2024 Wiley‐VCH GmbH.)

Background: The stone burden based management strategy reported in the guidelines published by different associations is well known for a long time. Staghorn calculi, representing the largest burden and most complex stones, is one of the most challenging cases to practicing urologists in clinical practice. The International Alliance of Urolithiasis (IAU) has released a series of guidelines on the management of urolithiasis., Purpose: To develop a series of recommendations for the contemporary management management of staghorn calculi and to provide a clinical framework for urologists treating patients with these complex stones., Methods: A comprehensive literature search for articles published in English between 01/01/1976 and 31/12/2022 in the PubMed, OVID, Embase and Medline database is performed. A series of recommendations are developed and individually graded following the review of literature and panel discussion., Results: The definition, pathogenesis, pathophysiology, preoperative evaluation, intraoperative treatment strategies and procedural advice, early postoperative management, follow up and prevention of stone recurrence are summarized in the present document., Conclusion: A series of recommendations regarding the management of staghorn calculi, along with related commentary and supporting documentation offered in the present guideline is intended to provide a clinical framework for the practicing urologists in the management of staghorn calculi., (© 2024. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature.)

Objective: To evaluate the metabolic and clinical characteristics of adult cases with stone disease from a regional part of Turkey., Methods: The study included 2348 adult patients with sonography and/or computed tomography-proven urinary stones. All cases were given a questionnaire about the epidemiological features of urolithiasis. Aside from the type and severity of stoneforming risk factors, both patient (age, gender, BMI, associated comorbidities, first onset of stone disease, positive family history, educational level) and stone-related (size, number, location, chemical composition, previous stone attacks) factors have been thoroughly assessed. The data were evaluated in multiple aspects to outline the epidemiological features., Results: The overall mean age value of the cases was 43.3 years, and the M/F ratio was 1.34. The first onset of the disease was found to vary between 15-57 years, with a mean value of 32.4 years. While most of the stones were located in kidney and ureter, calcium-containing stones constituted the most common type (CaOx 69%, CaOxPO4 7%). More than 42% of the cases suffered from multiple stone attacks; positive family history was present in 31.6%. Among the associated comorbidities, hypertension was the most common pathology (45.8%), and the BMI index value was >30 in 31.3% of the cases. 57.7% of the patients had just one stone attack, and 42.2% had recurrent stone formation., Conclusions: Our findings clearly show that important implications may be extracted from epidemiologic data acquired from local scale research to implement an effective preventative program and closely monitor the patients.

Objective: In this study, we investigated the effects of calreticulin ( CALR ) and JAK2 V617F mutational status on clinical course and disease outcomes in Turkish patients with essential thrombocythemia (ET)., Materials and Methods: Seventeen centers from Türkiye participated in the study and CALR - and JAK2 V617F-mutated ET patients were evaluated retrospectively., Results: A total of 302 patients were included, of whom 203 (67.2%) and 99 (32.8%) were JAK2 V617F- and CALR -positive, respectively. CALR -mutated patients were significantly younger (51 years vs. 57.5 years, p=0.03), with higher median platelet counts (987x10 9 /L vs. 709x10 9 /L, p<0.001) and lower median hemoglobin levels (13.1 g/dL vs. 14.1 g/dL, p<0.001) compared to JAK2 V617F-mutated patients. Thromboembolic events (TEEs) occurred in 54 patients (17.9%), 77.8% of which were arterial. Compared to CALR mutation, JAK2 V617F was associated with a higher risk of thrombosis (8.1% vs. 22.7%, p=0.002). Rates of transformation to myelofibrosis (MF) and leukemia were 4% and 0.7%, respectively, and these rates were comparable between JAK2 V617F- and CALR -mutated cases. The estimated overall survival (OS) and MF-free survival of the entire cohort were 265.1 months and 235.7 months, respectively. OS and MF-free survival durations were similar between JAK2 V617F- and CALR -mutated patients. Thrombosis-free survival (TFS) was superior in CALR -mutated patients compared to JAK2 V617F-positive patients (5-year TFS: 90% vs. 71%, respectively; p=0.001). Age at diagnosis was an independent factor affecting the incidence of TEEs., Conclusion: In our ET cohort, CALR mutations resulted in higher platelet counts and lower hemoglobin levels than JAK2 V617F and were associated with younger age at diagnosis. JAK2 V617F was strongly associated with thrombosis and worse TFS. Hydroxyurea was the most preferred cytoreductive agent for patients with high thrombosis risk., Competing Interests: Conflict of Interest: No conflict of interest was declared by the authors., (©Copyright 2024 by Turkish Society of Hematology Turkish Journal of Hematology, Published by Galenos Publishing House.)

Purpose: To identify laser settings and limits applied by experts during laser vaporization (vapBT) and laser en-bloc resection of bladder tumors (ERBT) and to identify preventive measures to reduce complications., Methods: After a focused literature search to identify relevant questions, we conducted a survey (57 questions) which was sent to laser experts. The expert selection was based on clinical experience and scientific contribution. Participants were asked for used laser types, typical laser settings during specific scenarios, and preventive measures applied during surgery. Settings for a maximum of 2 different lasers for each scenario were possible. Responses and settings were compared among the reported laser types., Results: Twenty-three of 29 (79.3%) invited experts completed the survey. Thulium fiber laser (TFL) is the most common laser (57%), followed by Holmium:Yttrium-Aluminium-Garnet (Ho:YAG) (48%), continuous wave (cw) Thulium:Yttrium-Aluminium-Garnet (Tm:YAG) (26%), and pulsed Tm:YAG (13%). Experts prefer ERBT (91.3%) to vapBT (8.7%); however, relevant limitations such as tumor size, number, and anatomical tumor location exist. Laser settings were generally comparable; however, we could find significant differences between the laser sources for lateral wall ERBT (p = 0.028) and standard ERBT (p = 0.033), with cwTm:YAG and pulsed Tm:YAG being operated in higher power modes when compared to TFL and Ho:YAG. Experts prefer long pulse modes for Ho:YAG and short pulse modes for TFL lasers., Conclusion: TFL seems to have replaced Ho:YAG and Tm:YAG. Most laser settings do not differ significantly among laser sources. For experts, continuous flow irrigation is the most commonly applied measure to reduce complications., (© 2024. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature.)