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Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a debilitating neurodegenerative disease with a relentlessly progressive course of illness. This study aimed to assess the dyadic dynamics of benefit finding (BF), demoralization, and stigma on the depression severity of PD patients and their caregivers. This study used a cross-sectional design with purposive sampling. In total, 120 PD patients and 120 caregivers were recruited from the neurological ward or neurological outpatient clinic of a medical center in Taiwan from October 2021 to September 2022. PD patients and their caregivers were enrolled and assessed using the Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview, the Benefit Finding scale, Demoralization Scale, Stigma Subscale of the Explanatory Model Interview Catalogue, and Taiwanese Depression Questionnaire. Among the 120 patients and 120 caregivers that successfully completed the study, 41.7% (N = 50) and 60% (N = 72) were female, respectively. The most common psychiatric diagnoses of both the PD patients (17.5%) and their caregivers (13.3%) were depressive disorders. Using structural equation modeling, we found that the stigma, BF, and demoralization of PD patients might contribute to their depression severity. Demoralization and stigma of PD patients’ caregivers might also contribute to the depression severity of PD patients. Caregivers’ BF and demoralization were significantly linked with their depression severity. PD patients’ BF degree and their caregivers’ BF degree had significant interactive effects. Both patients’ and their caregivers’ stigma levels had significant interactive effects. Clinicians should be aware of and manage these contributing factors between PD patients and their caregivers in order to prevent them from exacerbating each other’s depression.

BackgroundThe printed circuit heat exchanger (PCHE) has high heat transfer efficiency and compact structure, which can be used as the key equipment for heat transfer of small modular molten salt reactor, It is of great significance to the study of its flow heat transfer characteristics.PurposeThis study aims to explore the heat transfer characteristics of printed circuit heat exchanger and compare numerical simulation result with experimental data.MethodsThe flow heat transfer characteristics of molten salt (FNaBe) -helium heat exchangers with different flow channel structures, fin types and pitch were obtained by CFD numerical simulation, and the results were compared with those of traditional straight channel structures for comprehensive evaluation. The main thermal performance parameters of the heat exchanger with various airfoil fin structures were verified by experiment to find the best structure.ResultsThe results show that the numerical simulation results are in good agreement with the experimental results. Compared with the traditional straight channel structure, the fins can strengthen the heat transfer characteristics of the heat exchanger and reduce the flow resistance. NACA0025-8 mm airfoil fin structure has the best flow heat transfer characteristics.ConclusionsThe numerical simulation method established in this study can be used to predict the flow heat transfer characteristics of printed circuit heat exchanger. The empirical correlation formula of NACA0025-8 mm airfoil fin structure is fitted, which provides a theoretical basis for the design of subsequent heat exchangers.

This review emphasizes the significance of combining regulated deficit irrigation (RDI) with woody crops, as they have higher water productivity (WP) and are tolerant to mild water deficits. After conducting the analysis, it was found that for most woody crops, reducing irrigation water by 20.0–30.0% has a negligible impact on yield, typically within a variation range of 10.0%, and it leads to an increase in WP of 10.0–30.0%. When irrigation water is reduced by 40.0–50.0%, the impact on yield varies significantly depending on the species, but the WP generally approaches its highest value; in general, it can increase by 25.0% or more and sometimes even exceed 50.0%. However, when irrigation water is further reduced, it significantly affects yield, and there is a limited increase or even decrease in WP. Moreover, adjusting irrigation amounts during noncritical water demand periods minimizes the impact on yield and fruit size, enhancing water-saving effectiveness. Water-saving techniques trigger various plant responses, improving resistance to water deficits, promoting reproductive growth, and protecting against drought-related damage. Despite potential yield reductions, ongoing research demonstrates positive outcomes in WP, crop yield, and fruit quality in various woody crops. Water-saving techniques offer economic benefits through cost savings and pest reduction, while finding the appropriate balance between water use, yield, and quality is vital for agricultural success and sustainable water resource management. Moreover, water-saving techniques optimize nutrient uptake and heavy metal absorption in woody crop agricultural systems, addressing heavy metal stress, soil salinization, and emissions. Combining multiple irrigation methods, such as partial root-zone drying (PRD), shows immense potential in water conservation and impact on fruits. Integrating PRD with innovative techniques, such as precision irrigation or sensor-based systems, promises remarkable water savings and optimized crop yields, revolutionizing agricultural practices and addressing water scarcity challenges for sustainable irrigation management.

Valence-bound molecular anions with polar neutral cores (μ > 2.5 D) can support highly diffuse dipole-bound states (DBSs) as electronically excited states just below the detachment threshold. Such weakly bound nonvalence excited states have little influence on the structure of the neutral core, and they usually have the same vibrational frequencies. DBSs can be systematically searched using photodetachment spectroscopy (PDS), which can yield the binding energies of the DBSs, the electron detachment threshold of the anion, and above-threshold vibrational levels of the DBSs (Feshbach resonances). We have shown that the combination of PDS and resonant photoelectron spectroscopy (rPES) at the Feshbach resonances is a powerful approach to obtain rich vibrational information for complex molecular radicals. A prerequisite for this technique is to produce vibrationally cold anions, made possible by a cryogenically controlled Paul trap. In this article, we report a PDS and rPES study of cold para-ethylphenolate anions (p-EP–). The electron affinity of the p-EP radical is measured to be 17425 ± 3 cm–1 (2.1604 ± 0.0004 eV), and a DBS is found at 145 cm–1 below the detachment threshold of p-EP–. Thirty-four vibrational levels are observed for the DBS, including two bound levels and 32 Feshbach resonances. Frequencies for 17 vibrational modes of the p-EP radical are measured from the combination of PDS and rPES, including six symmetry-forbidden modes with A″ symmetry. The current study confirms again the power of combining cryogenic ion cooling with PDS and high-resolution rPES to obtain spectroscopic information on complex molecular radicals.

Abstract Chromosomes are a principal target of clinical cytogenetic studies. While chromosomal analysis is an integral part of prenatal care, the conventional manual identification of chromosomes in images is time-consuming and costly. This study developed a chromosome detector that uses deep learning and that achieved an accuracy of 98.88% in chromosomal identification. Specifically, we compiled and made available a large and publicly accessible database containing chromosome images and annotations for training chromosome detectors. The database contains five thousand 24 chromosome class annotations and 2,000 single chromosome annotations. This database also contains examples of chromosome variations. Our database provides a reference for researchers in this field and may help expedite the development of clinical applications.

Background and purpose: Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are the most common bacterial infection in young children. This study aimed to formulate nomogram plots for clinicians to predict UTIs in children aged

Objective Chicken essence and branched chain amino acid (BCAA) supplementation has been recognized to significantly relieve fatigue. To obtain chicken essence with high amounts of BCAA, spent hens herein was used to prepare dripped chicken essence (SCE) and compared with commercial dripped chicken essence (CCE) for in vivo anti-fatigue effect. Methods To determine the effect on anti-fatigue by dripped chicken essence, the exhaustive swimming was performed. Thirty-two 7-week ICR mice were divided into four groups, which included the control group (CG), CCE, SCE-1X and SCE-2X. The mice were given daily oral administration (0.012 mL/g body weight/d). The fatigue index analysis was conducted weekly. Results The results showed that SCE had a higher BCAA level as expected, and mice treated with dripped chicken essence (CCE and SCE) could significantly improve exercise performance. The lower blood lactate level, blood urea nitrogen level and creatine phosphokinase activity were found in the supplement of SCE group compared with the CCE group, which suggested that the SCE possessed strong anti-fatigue ability. This could possibly be due to the higher content of BCAA. Conclusion In this study, SCE promoted recovery from physical fatigue in mice and elevated endurance ability. Among them, the double dose (SCE-2X) showed the strongest anti-fatigue ability. Taken together, spent chickens could be a good source of chicken essence to improve the effect of anti-fatigue.

In order to detect overlapping community structures in complex networks,the idea of density peaks clustering algorithm is introduced.However,applying the density peaks clustering algorithm to community detection still has problems such as how to measure the distance between nodes and how to generate overlapping partition results.Therefore,a node local similarity based two-stage density peaks algorithm for overlapping community detection is proposed (LSDPC).By combining hub promoted index and connection contribution degree,a new node local similarity index is defined,and the node distance is measured with the node local similarity.Then the local density and minimum distance of nodes are used to calculate their center values and Chebyshev inequality is used to select communities’ center nodes.The overlapping communities are obtained through initial assignment and overlapping assignment.Experimental results on real network datasets and synthetic network datasets show that the proposed algorithm can effectively detect overlapping community structure,and the results are better than that of other algorithms.

Purpose: This study examined the efficacy of prescribing antibiotics, specifically a single dose of vancomycin, in reducing the incidence of culture-positive and culture-negative sepsis prior to the removal of peripherally inserted central catheters (PICCs). Materials and methods: We retrospectively reviewed charts of infants who had PICCs in a tertiary level hospital during the period from 2010 to 2019. The incidence of post-catheter removal clinical sepsis between the groups with or without antibiotics was compared. The antibiotic group was defined by receiving a single dose of vancomycin or any other antibiotic prior to line removal. Results: We enrolled 585 PICC removal episodes in 546 infants for analysis. Antibiotics were given prior to removal in 257 cases (43.9%) and not given prior to removal in 328 cases (56.1%). There were 13 episodes of post-catheter removal clinical sepsis detected within 72 h (2.2%), 2 of which were culture-positive (0.3%). A 9.3-fold decrease in the odds for clinical sepsis was observed in the antibiotic group (p = 0.01). The incidence of post-catheter removal sepsis was decreased by a single prophylactic dose of vancomycin (p = 0.02), whereas the use of other antibiotics showed no effect (p = 0.35). Logistic regression analysis demonstrated that comorbidities with gastrointestinal diseases (p = 0.01), PICC insertion sites in the scalp and neck (p = 0.04), and no vancomycin administration prior to line removal (p = 0.02) were independent risk factors for subsequent clinical sepsis. Conclusion: A single prophylactic dose of vancomycin prior to PICC line removal might reduce clinical sepsis events in infants.

At present, the 5G construction in intelligent mine mainly focuses on the macro technology development direction, test methods and specific application scenarios of mine 5G. There is a lack of comprehensive analysis of the characteristics of various 5G application scenarios of intelligent mine. In order to solve this problem, the types of 5G application scenarios of intelligent mines are summarized. The communication requirements of the main application scenarios are sorted out. It is pointed out that sensor information backhaul applications have wide coverage requirements. The video information collection and backhaul applications have uplink large bandwidth transmission requirements. The real-time control information interaction applications have downlink low-delay transmission requirements. The automatic driving information collection and backhaul applications need to meet the differentiated transmission requirements of uplink large bandwidth and downlink low delay. According to the environmental characteristics and technical requirements of 5G application in intelligent mines, the overall architecture of mine 5G network with core network + bearer network + access network is proposed. ① The core network makes user plane function (UPF) and multi-access edge computing (MEC) sinking into the mine area to realize independent networking and independent operation of mine 5G. ② The information security module in the smart transport network is used for data security audit monitoring and transmission control to achieve safe isolation of surface and underground data. The network slicing and quality of service (QoS) management module is used to divide and isolate channels for different services, as to realize channel isolation for the coexistence of multiple services and transmission performance guarantee. ③ The access network adopts the mode of base station controller + base station collector + base station + terminal to realize 5G signal partition and on-demand coverage. According to the above architecture, the key technical scheme of 5G for diversified application requirements of intelligent mine is proposed. ① The network slicing technology is used to divide the mine 5G network into sensor slices, video return slices, real-time control slices and remote control slices. Combined with QoS indexes of transmission services, the service data is mapped to different slice resources for transmission,so as to realize the on-demand distribution of 5G network transmission. ② The flexible air interface scheduling mechanism is used to meet the on-demand scheduling of wireless resources. The air interface resource scheduling mode of 'resource request-service buffer report resource allocation-service buffer-data transmission resource allocation' is adopted for large-bandwidth services. The mode is used to ensure the uplink transmission bandwidth. The reserved dedicated air interface resources are adopted for low-delay services to ensure the low delay of downlink transmission. ③ When a single frequency band cannot meet the uplink transmission requirement, multiple continuous or discontinuous carriers are aggregated into a larger bandwidth through carrier aggregation technology, effectively supporting the large bandwidth transmission requirement of mine 5G.

Engineered living materials (ELMs) fabricated by encapsulating microbes in hydrogels have great potential as bioreactors for sustained bioproduction. While long-term metabolic activity has been demonstrated in these systems, the capacity and dynamics of gene expression over time is not well understood. Thus, we investigate the long-term gene expression dynamics in microbial ELMs constructed using different microbes and hydrogel matrices. Through direct gene expression measurements of engineered E. coli in F127-bisurethane methacrylate (F127-BUM) hydrogels, we show that inducible, input-responsive genetic programs in ELMs can be activated multiple times and maintained for multiple weeks. Interestingly, the encapsulated bacteria sustain inducible gene expression almost 10 times longer than free-floating, planktonic cells. These ELMs exhibit dynamic responsiveness to repeated induction cycles, with up to 97% of the initial gene expression capacity retained following a subsequent induction event. We demonstrate multi-week bioproduction cycling by implementing inducible CRISPR transcriptional activation (CRISPRa) programs that regulate the expression of enzymes in a pteridine biosynthesis pathway. ELMs fabricated from engineered S. cerevisiae in bovine serum albumin (BSA) - polyethylene glycol diacrylate (PEGDA) hydrogels were programmed to express two different proteins, each under the control of a different chemical inducer. We observed scheduled bioproduction switching between betaxanthin pigment molecules and proteinase A in S. cerevisiae ELMs over the course of 27 days under continuous cultivation. Overall, these results suggest that the capacity for long-term genetic expression may be a general property of microbial ELMs. This work establishes approaches for implementing dynamic, input-responsive genetic programs to tailor ELM functions for a wide range of advanced applications.