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Abstract Controlling the selectivity of the electrocatalytic reduction of carbon dioxide into value-added chemicals continues to be a major challenge. Bulk and surface lattice strain in nanostructured electrocatalysts affect catalytic activity and selectivity. Here, we unravel the complex dynamics of synergistic lattice strain and stability effects of Cu-Ag tandem catalysts through a previously unexplored combination of in situ nanofocused X-ray absorption spectroscopy and Bragg coherent diffraction imaging. Three-dimensional strain maps reveal the lattice dynamics inside individual nanoparticles as a function of applied potential and product yields. Dynamic relations between strain, redox state, catalytic activity and selectivity are derived. Moderate Ag contents effectively reduce the competing evolution of H2 and, concomitantly, lead to an enhanced corrosion stability. Findings from this study evidence the power of advanced nanofocused spectroscopy techniques to provide new insights into the chemistry and structure of nanostructured catalysts.

Multiple myeloma is the second most hematological cancer. RUVBL1 and RUVBL2 form a subcomplex of many chromatin remodeling complexes implicated in cancer progression. As an inhibitor specific to the RUVBL1/2 complex, CB-6644 exhibits remarkable anti-tumor activity in xenograft models of Burkitt’s lymphoma and multiple myeloma (MM). In this work, we defined transcriptional signatures corresponding to CB-6644 treatment in MM cells and determined underlying epigenetic changes in terms of chromatin accessibility. CB-6644 upregulated biological processes related to interferon response and downregulated those linked to cell proliferation in MM cells. Transcriptional regulator inference identified E2Fs as regulators for downregulated genes and MED1 and MYC as regulators for upregulated genes. CB-6644-induced changes in chromatin accessibility occurred mostly in non-promoter regions. Footprinting analysis identified transcription factors implied in modulating chromatin accessibility in response to CB-6644 treatment, including ATF4/CEBP and IRF4. Lastly, integrative analysis of transcription responses to various chemical compounds of the molecular signature genes from public gene expression data identified CB-5083, a p97 inhibitor, as a synergistic candidate with CB-6644 in MM cells, but experimental validation refuted this hypothesis.

Background/Objective: Fertility preservation is an important part of oncologic care for newly diagnosed gynecologic cancers for reproductive-age women, as many treatment options negatively impact fertility. The goal of this study is to examine factors that influence access to fertility specialists for women with newly diagnosed gynecologic cancer. Methods: This institutional review board approved a retrospective cohort study investigating the impacting factors on the referral rate from gynecologic oncologists (GO) to reproductive endocrinologists and infertility (REI) specialists at a single academic institution between 2010–2022 for patients age 18–41 at diagnosis. Electronic medical records were used to identify demographics and referral patterns. Mixed logistic models were utilized to control cluster effects of the physicians. Results: Of 816 patients reviewed, 410 met the criteria for inclusion. The referral rate for newly diagnosed gynecologic malignancies was 14.6%. Younger patients were more likely to have an REI referral (p < 0.001). The median time from first GO visit to treatment was 18.5 days, and there was no significant difference in those who had REI referrals (p = 0.44). Only 45.6% of patients had fertility desire documented. A total of 42.7% had fertility-sparing treatment offered by a GO. REI referral did not significantly change the time to treatment (p = 0.44). An REI referral was more likely to be placed if that patient had no living children, no past medical history, or if the referring GO was female (OR = 11.46, 6.69, and 3.8, respectively). Conclusions: Fertility preservation counseling is a critical part of comprehensive cancer care; yet, the referral to fertility services remains underutilized in patients with newly diagnosed gynecologic cancer. By demonstrating these biases in REI referral patterns, we can optimize provider education to enhance fertility care coordination.

Adenomyosis is a benign gynecologic disorder that had previously not been well studied or understood. However, it is now become a more common diagnosis with long-standing implications especially for fertility. In this literature review, the pathophysiology and diagnosis along with management options for uterine preservation and fertility along with more definitive options are reviewed. While there is a better understanding of adenomyosis, there is still more research that is needed to fully elucidate the best ways of management for patients especially in those seeking fertility.

A new multiple-time scale integration method is presented that propagates ab initio path integral molecular dynamics (PIMD). This method uses a large time step to generate an approximate geometrical configuration whose energy and gradient are evaluated at the level of an ab initio method, and then, a more precise integration scheme, e.g., the Bulirsch–Stoer method or velocity Verlet integration with a smaller time step, is used to integrate from the previous step using the computationally efficient interpolated potential energy surface constructed from two consecutive points. This method makes the integration of PIMD more efficient and accurate compared with the velocity Verlet integration. A Nos e ́ –Hoover chain thermostat combined with this new multiple-time scale method has good energy conservation even with a large time step, which is usually challenging in velocity Verlet integration for PIMD due to the very small chain mass when a large number of beads are used. The new method is used to calculate infrared spectra and free energy profiles to demonstrate its accuracy and capabilities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

AimsTest for an association between prehospital delay for symptoms suggestive of acute coronary syndrome (ACS), persistent symptoms, and healthcare utilization (HCU) 30-days and 6-months post hospital discharge.BackgroundDelayed treatment for ACS increases patient morbidity and mortality. Prehospital delay is the largest factor in delayed treatment for ACS.MethodsSecondary analysis of data collected from a multi-center prospective study. Included were 722 patients presenting to the Emergency Department (ED) with symptoms that triggered a cardiac evaluation. Symptoms and HCU were measured using the 13-item ACS Symptom Checklist and the Froelicher's Health Services Utilization Questionnaire-Revised instrument. Logistic regression models were used to examine hypothesized associations.ResultsFor patients with ACS (n = 325), longer prehospital delay was associated with fewer MD/NP visits (OR, 0.986) at 30 days. Longer prehospital delay was associated with higher odds of calling 911 for any reason (OR, 1.015), and calling 911 for chest related symptoms (OR, 1.016) 6 months following discharge. For non-ACS patients (n = 397), longer prehospital delay was associated with higher odds of experiencing chest pressure (OR, 1.009) and chest discomfort (OR, 1.008) at 30 days. At 6 months, longer prehospital delay was associated with higher odds of upper back pain (OR, 1.013), palpitations (OR 1.014), indigestion (OR, 1.010), and calls to the MD/NP for chest symptoms (OR, 1.014).ConclusionsThere were few associations between prehospital delay and HCU for patients evaluated for ACS in the ED. Associations between prolonged delay and persistent symptoms may lead to increased HCU for those without ACS.

Background:. Fracture-related infection is one of the most challenging complications in orthopaedic trauma surgery. However, the effect of infection on functional and pain-related outcomes has not been well established. The aims of this study were to evaluate functional recovery for patients with fracture and a deep surgical site infection compared with patients with fracture without infection and to evaluate whether pain severity, social support, and preinjury mental health have a moderating effect on the magnitude and direction of the relationship between deep surgical site infection and functional recovery. Methods:. This is a secondary retrospective cohort study using prospectively collected data from the VANCO trial (Local Antibiotic Therapy to Reduce Infection After Operative Treatment of Fractures at High Risk of Infection) and the OXYGEN (Supplemental Perioperative Oxygen to Reduce Surgical Site Infection After High Energy Fracture Surgery) trial. In this study, 2,116 patients with tibial plateau, pilon, or calcaneal fractures at high risk for infection were included. Patients were divided into cohorts of patients who experienced a deep surgical site infection and those who did not. The primary outcome measure was the functional outcome using the Veterans RAND 12-Item Health Survey (VR-12). Results:. After controlling for covariates, deep surgical site infection was independently associated with functional outcome, with a 3.3-point reduction in the VR-12 Physical Component Score, and pain severity was independently associated with functional outcome, with a 2.5-point reduction in the VR-12 Physical Component Score. Furthermore, the Brief Pain Inventory pain severity demonstrated an important moderating effect on the relationship between infection and functional outcome. In patients with lower pain scores, infection had a large negative impact on functional outcome, whereas, in patients with higher pain scores, infection had no significant impact on functional outcome. Furthermore, the functional outcome in the entire cohort remains at only 61% of baseline. Conclusions:. This study documents the negative impact of postoperative infection on functional recovery after injury, as well as the novel finding of pain severity as an important moderating factor. This study emphasizes not only the importance of developing effective interventions designed to reduce postoperative infection, but also the role that factors that moderate pain severity plays in limiting recovery of physical function. Level of evidence:. Prognostic Level III. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.

For the 40 years after the end of commercial whaling in 1976, humpback whale populations in the North Pacific Ocean exhibited a prolonged period of recovery. Using mark–recapture methods on the largest individual photo-identification dataset ever assembled for a cetacean, we estimated annual ocean-basin-wide abundance for the species from 2002 through 2021. Trends in annual estimates describe strong post-whaling era population recovery from 16 875 (± 5955) in 2002 to a peak abundance estimate of 33 488 (± 4455) in 2012. An apparent 20% decline from 2012 to 2021, 33 488 (± 4455) to 26 662 (± 4192), suggests the population abruptly reached carrying capacity due to loss of prey resources. This was particularly evident for humpback whales wintering in Hawai‘i, where, by 2021, estimated abundance had declined by 34% from a peak in 2013, down to abundance levels previously seen in 2006, and contrasted to an absence of decline in Mainland Mexico breeding humpbacks. The strongest marine heatwave recorded globally to date during the 2014–2016 period appeared to have altered the course of species recovery, with enduring effects. Extending this time series will allow humpback whales to serve as an indicator species for the ecosystem in the face of a changing climate.

The Scopaeus similis species group, distributed in Central Asia and the Middle East, is proposed for S. ferganensis sp. n. (Kyrgyzstan, Uzbekistan), S. gissarensis sp. n. (Uzbekistan), S. hiekei sp. n. (Kazakhstan), S. longilobatus sp. n. (Kyrgyzstan), S. triangularis Luze, 1904 (Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tadzhikistan, Uzbekistan), and two subspecies of S. Similis Eppelsheim, 1892, S. s. Similis (Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Pakistan, Uzbekistan, Tadzhikistan) and S. s. minor ssp. n. (Iran, Turkmenistan). It is described including bionomic and biogeographic information, followed by diagnoses of the included species, the Distribution patterns of which are discussed and mapped. The S. Similis species group is proposed a monophyletic clade using apomorphic characters of the primary sexual organs. Its phylogenetic position within Scopaeus Erichson, 1839 is discussed as well as the phylogeographic relationships within the species group. New country records are published for S. s. Similis (Kyrgyzstan, Pakistan), S. Similis incertae sedis (Afghanistan, India), and S. triangularis (Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan).

Scopaeus socotrensis sp. n. is described from Socotra Island, Yemen, and compared to S. asirensis Frisch, 2007, S. pakistanensis Frisch, 2007, and S. stramineus Frisch, 2007. These species constitute the S. asirensis lineage of the S. gracilis species group in the Middle East judging from their male genital characters, which are illustrated, and their distribution pattern, which is mapped. Additional diagnostic characters are presented for S. asirensis, S. pakistanensis, and S. stramineus. New Country records are published for S. asirensis (Yemen) and S. stramineus (Oman). A recent first record of S. asirensis from Socotra is based on S. socotrensis sp. n. and thus rejected. The phylogeography of the S. asirensis lineage is discussed.

A species catalogue of the little-known genus Micranops Cameron, 1913 is presented. Based on the examination of primary types, 21 species are transferred to Micranops as new combinations: Micranops aborensis (Fagel, 1973), M. brachyceroides (Fagel, 1973), M. brachycerus (Fauvel, 1900), M. caelebs (Fagel, 1973), M. chloroticus (Sharp, 1876), M. hoyoensis (Fagel, 1973), M. hustachei (Coiffait, 1987), M. lacustris (Bernhauer, 1937), M. longiceps (Casey, 1886), M. lwiroensis (Fagel, 1973), M. mabalianus (Fagel, 1973), M. mediicollis (Lea, 1923), M. myrmecophilus (Bernhauer, 1921), M. pallidulus (Kraatz, 1859), M. obscurellus (Cameron, 1932), M. planiusculus (Kraatz, 1859), M. pokharensis (Coiffait, 1981), M. ruwenzoricus (Fagel, 1973), M. subapterus (Cameron, 1951), M. upembanus (Fagel, 1973), and M. zambezianus (Fagel, 1973). Micranops bartolozzii sp. n., a microphthalmous, flightless species, is described from the Udzungwa Mountains in southern Tanzania, and both its primary and secondary sexual characters are figured. Consequently, 32 species are currently assigned to Micranops.

Mediterranean Temporary ponds (MTPs) are suffering severe alterations in their hydrological and salinity regime through global change, and restoration or conservation of these habitats is a priority. However, there is little information that can be used as a scientific basis for restoration.We studied the taxonomic and functional diversity of zooplankton communities in a set of 96 ponds in Doñana, Spain during four consecutive hydroperiods after their creation. We examined the differences across hydroperiods in alpha and beta diversity (and its turnover and nestedness components) of the rotifer, cladoceran and copepod community, as well as the influence of local environmental variables including the proximity to natural wetlands.There was no general increase in diversity indices after the first two hydroperiods. We found that shorter hydroperiods significantly reduced taxonomic diversity, but increased the contribution to functional beta diversity through turnover. Shorter hydroperiods also reduced community complexity, with long-term effects. Conductivity was the most important predictor of zooplankton alpha and beta diversity, but the direction of its effects changed between hydroperiods. The distance from a natural source of colonists, and pond depth, were key during the early stage of community assembly and after a hydrological perturbation.Our results suggest that new restoration projects for MTPs should focus on increasing local environmental heterogeneity and on reducing vulnerability to salinization.The use of functional approaches in monitoring studies can improve our understanding of mechanisms and processes affecting zooplankton community assembly under dynamic hydrological regimes. This in turn can help us predict the consequences of management and restoration policies for biodiversity conservation in MTPs.

Summary: Adipocyte hypertrophy is associated with metabolic complications independent of obesity. We aimed to determine: 1) the association between adipocyte size and postprandial fatty acid metabolism; 2) the potential mechanisms driving the obesity-independent, hypertrophy-associated dysmetabolism in vivo and at a single-cell resolution. Tracers with positron emission tomography were used to measure fatty acid metabolism in 40 men and women with normal or impaired glucose tolerance (NCT02808182), and single nuclei RNA-sequencing (snRNA-seq) to determine transcriptional dynamics of subcutaneous adipose tissue (AT) between individuals with AT hypertrophy vs. hyperplasia matched for sex, ethnicity, glucose-tolerance status, BMI, total and percent body fat, and waist circumference. Adipocyte size was associated with high postprandial total cardiac fatty acid uptake and higher visceral AT dietary fatty acid uptake, but lower lean tissue dietary fatty acid uptake. We found major shifts in cell transcriptomal dynamics with AT hypertrophy that were consistent with in vivo metabolic changes.

Given a countable group G and a G-flow X, a probability measure $\mu $ on X is called characteristic if it is $\mathrm {Aut}(X, G)$ -invariant. Frisch and Tamuz asked about the existence of a minimal G-flow, for any group G, which does not admit a characteristic measure. We construct for every countable group G such a minimal flow. Along the way, we are motivated to consider a family of questions we refer to as minimal subdynamics: Given a countable group G and a collection of infinite subgroups $\{\Delta _i: i\in I\}$ , when is there a faithful G-flow for which every $\Delta _i$ acts minimally?

Learning Objectives: Assess the prevalence of self-reported gender bias in EM physicians and strategies in personal care and appearance that are used to overcome them.Background: Female and nonbinary (NB) emergency medicine (EM) physicians experience gender discrimination. We have limited data regarding how female and NB physicians overcome daily workplace barriers. Gender differences in attire and grooming may be part of a physician’s efforts to be appropriately credited as a physician by their patients.Objectives: Assess the prevalence of self-reported gender bias in EM physicians and strategies in personal care and appearance that are used to overcome them.Methods: This is an ongoing cross-sectional survey study of EM physicians at a representative sample of eight emergency departments across the U.S. Sites have been selected to represent diverse practice environments. An anonymous survey was developed through expert consensus and distributed electronically via email. Survey participants were asked to rate the frequency over the past one month of which they experienced gender-biased behaviors or engaged in activities to mitigate gender bias. Descriptive statistics and Mann-Whitney U test was used to compare across genders.Results: Preliminary analysis from a single urban academic center demonstrates an overall 37% response rate (59/159). 51.5% (31/59) of respondents identified as female or NB. 59% (35/59) of respondents were residents and 41% (24/59) attendings. See Table 1 for a detailed description of the frequency of which respondents encountered gender bias or engaged in activities to mitigate bias. Female and NB physicians reported experiencing sexist remarks and/or behavior by patients or their family members more often than male physicians. Additional results will be available at the time of the CORD AA to include data from other sites.Conclusions: Early results demonstrate that female and NB physicians engage in more activities to reduce gender bias. These activities represent an additional mental burden and time commitment that may contribute to gender disparities in salaries, hiring practices, and retention.