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Purpose: To determine the proportion of treatment-experienced eyes with exudative age-related macular degeneration successfully treated with every-4-week aflibercept that can be kept dry on fixed every-8-week aflibercept injections (maintenance). Methods: In this retrospective chart review, we evaluated our cohort of patients treated with a treatment paradigm for CNV in AMD. Initially, patients were treated with bevacizumab or ranibizumab and switched to every-4-week aflibercept when therapeutic responses were not durable or were suboptimal. Maintenance every-8-week therapy was initiated when the retina was completely dry on every-4-week aflibercept therapy. The primary outcome measure was recurrence of exudation on optical coherence tomography (OCT) during maintenance. Results: Thirty-six eyes of 31 consecutive patients with median age of 79 years (range, 65–89) were included. Maintenance was started after a median of 34 (range, 8–88) injections. Recurrence was observed in 20 eyes (55%). Of these, 11 eyes (31%) reactivated at 8 weeks. Median time to failure of maintenance schedule was 40 weeks by Kaplan-Meier analysis. Baseline demographic and anatomic characteristics were not associated with failure of maintenance schedule. Conclusion: In treatment-experienced eyes that respond completely to every-4-week aflibercept, maintenance therapy with every-8-week injections can only temporarily maintain anatomic success with the majority of eyes developing recurring activity. This regimen fails early in one third of eyes and has a median effective duration of 40 weeks. Aflibercept appears to be inadequate to maintain control of exudation in most eyes in at least half of eyes undergoing long-term therapy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This clinical report describes the multidisciplinary oral rehabilitation of a teenage female patient with cleidocranial dysostosis, whose treatment was started in her teenage years. The unique challenges of delayed intervention are described in this report, highlighting the surgical, orthodontic, and prosthodontic care the patient received from age 13 to 21. Maintaining as many natural teeth as possible, orthodontically erupting impacted teeth using a mandibular provisional fixed implant prosthesis as anchor, crowning several natural teeth, and rehabilitating edentulous areas with fixed implant restorations provided the patient with esthetic and functional outcomes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Full‐arch, fixed, implant‐supported prostheses can be designed to be cement‐ or screw‐retained. Both retention mechanisms have a few inherent disadvantages. A fixed attachment system has been introduced to circumvent the disadvantages of both screw and cement retention. This system eliminates the screw access holes and the use of cement. The number of intraoral procedures required is also reduced. The purpose of this article is to report a case using the Locator F‐Tx Attachment System to facilitate fabrication of an esthetic, clinician‐retrievable, full‐arch implant‐supported fixed dental prosthesis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aims: To compare the radiographic marginal bone levels of implants placed in sites previously augmented with autogenous bone grafts and implants placed in native bone. Secondary outcomes included: implant survival, periodontal/peri‐implant parameters as well as short‐ and long‐term patient‐reported outcome measures. Materials and methods: The study was designed as a case–control study including 38 patients equally distributed into two groups (previously augmented with autogenous bone blocks [AB] and implants placed in native bone [NB]). In total, 67 implants were placed. Clinical, radiographic and patient‐reported outcome measures (PROMs), and complication rates were assessed based on a chart review and at a follow‐up examination (≧5 years after implant placement). Nonparametric mixed models were applied for the comparison of the two groups because of the clustered data. The data were analyzed descriptively, and p‐values were calculated using nonparametric mixed models to account for the clustered data. Results: The mean follow‐up time was 10.2 years (range 6–13 years; AB) and 8.3 years (range 5–16 years; NB). One implant was lost in group NB (97.5% survival rate) and none in group AB (100%). Following primary augmentation, six major complications (wound dehiscences, acute pulpitis, intra‐ and extraoral sensitivity disturbances) were observed at the donor sites. At time of implant placement, only minimal complications occurred and only in group NB. Median marginal bone levels at the follow‐up were significantly higher in group NB (1.15; Q1: 0.50 mm/Q3: 1.83 mm) than in group AB (1.58; Q1: 1.01 mm/Q3: 2.40 mm; p = 0.0411). Probing depth, bleeding on probing and recession values were similar in both groups. PROMs revealed high visual analog scale values (i.e., high satisfaction) for both procedures. Conclusions: Dental implants placed in sites augmented with autogenous bone or in native bone revealed healthy peri‐implant tissues after 5–16 years. Marginal bone levels were significantly higher for implant placed in native bone. Complications following primary augmentation encompassed every third patient but were mostly transient. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Kur’an’da Ailenin HedefleriKur’an-ı Kerim, birey ve toplum için orijinal amaçlarla; genel ve özel; külli ve cüzi amaçlarlanazil olmuştur. Kur’an’ın amaçladığı bu hedeflerden biri, güzel bir toplum ve ümmet medeniyeti içintemel olarak nitelediği iyi aileyi tesis etmektir. Kur’an ayetleri, sistematik bir şekilde aile ahkamını açıklamış,aile için iyi olanları emretmiş, kötü olanları da yasaklamıştır. Bu sistem nedenler, hikmetler, anlamlarve hükümler üzerine kurulmuştur. Bu durumda aile mefhumunun sağlamlaştırılmasında etkinolan Kur’an’ın umumi maksatlarının önemlileri nelerdir? Hürriyet, eşitlik, hakların tayini ve korunmasıgibi bazı maksatlar, İslam’ın aile ile ilgili maksatlarından sayılabilir mi? Kuşkusuz bu maksatları açıklamak,külli maksatları belirleme ve yeni çıkan sorunlara hukuki hükümlerin kendisinden üretildiği birhukuk sistemi olması açısından son derece önemlidir. Aynı zamanda bu, külliyata binaen cüzi hükümlerinmükemmel bir şekilde anlaşılmasına ve Batı’da İslam hakkındaki çirkin tablonun izale edilmesineyardımcı olacaktır. Kur’an’da aile için sabit kurallar vardır. Bazıları şunlardır: 1) Fıtrata önem vermekve inancı ıslah etmek; 2) Evliliğin temel maksadına itibar edip ötekileri iptal etmek; 3) Akrabalığın haklarıntemeli olaması. Öte yandan Kur’anda ortamın değişmesiyle oluşan, doğruluğu ictihada bağlı olandeğişken vasıtalarla ilintili aile maksatları da vardır. Bazı örnekler şunlardır: 1) Kadının çalışması veerkeğin yöneticiliğin harcamaya bağlanması; 2) Evliliğin kalıtsal hastalıklar sebebiyle önlenmesi.

This paper evaluates the limit behavior for symmetry interactions networks of set points for nonlinear mathematical models. Nonlinear mathematical models are being increasingly applied to most software and engineering machines. That is because the nonlinear mathematical models have proven to be more efficient in processing and producing results. The greatest challenge facing researchers is to build a new nonlinear model that can be applied to different applications. Quadratic stochastic operators (QSO) constitute such a model that has become the focus of interest and is expected to be applicable in many biological and technical applications. In fact, several QSO classes have been investigated based on certain conditions that can also be applied in other applications such as the Extreme Doubly Stochastic Quadratic Operator (EDSQO). This paper studies the behavior limitations of the existing 222 EDSQ operators on two-dimensional simplex (2DS). The created simulation graph shows the limit behavior for each operator. This limit behavior on 2DS can be classified into convergent, periodic, and fixed.

The object of the research is the application of resource-based view to small and micro-sized firms. The purpose of the research is to reveal the scope of the theoretical aspects of the resource-based view capabilities for small and micro-sized firms. The methods applied in the research were the analysis of the scientific literature and data and information structuring. The resource-based view (further – RBV) should help firms to discover the similarity of their competitive advantage against other companies. It is presumed that applying RBV, small and micro-sized firms can position and compete not only in a small local market in which they operate, but also could target themselves for global objectives. Limitations of the study. The recommendations of this research cannot be applied to a particular firm without undertaking these activities, the company specifics and segmentation. The concept of resource-based view and the origins of its formation. Based on Barney (1991), resource-based view is an economic tool for assessing the available strategic resources in a firm. The author formalized this theory on the basis of the idea raised by Wernerfelt (1984), that lack of resources has become an obstacle to enter the desired school. According to the author, resource-based theory is to identify the firm’s core resources and assess whether these resources are in line with the criteria for strategic resources. Developing the firm’s business strategies, four main reasons for measuring the firm’s core resources and competences (Bourne, 2016) are pointed out: 1) such measurements empower to easier plan short-term and long-term strategies; the majority of firms measure their performance by evaluating performance indicators (turnover, profit); focusing on resource development, attention is focused on the future; 2) these measurements focus on resources, that allow to improve, not the goals to be achieved; 3) the key inner factors influencing the firm’s activities are better understood and assessed; 4) if resources and competencies are not measured, the firm’s actions may be more directed to large-scale changes / measures, whilst internal resources may be left to develop without specific goals. In risky business environment, firms that are strategically driven, have greater potential for growth. In the meantime, exploration of competitors reduces the potential of growth. In addition, the firm’s manager is classified as a strategic asset of the firm with its own growth value. Entrepreneurs are those who have resources, develop operational capacities, and are looking for alternative competencies. This approach applies to businesses with business leaders. The ability of the company to develop, transfer and differentiate its intangible assets determines its long-term performance and competitive advantage. Runyan, Huddleston and Swinney (2007) studied the use of RBV for small firms. The authors conducted a quantitative study to highlight the importance of resources, creating a competitive advantage and improving performance in small businesses. The study sought to show owners of small businesses that apart nonmonetary (tangible) resources there are non-monetary, i.e. intangible resources. A research by Khan (2013) showed the interconnectedness of social capital, knowledge and entrepreneurial orientation with the use of RBV in small and very small transport companies. The results of the research emphasize the role of mediation of entrepreneurship orientation between activity knowledge and its results. Based on the RBV VRIO system (Barney, 2007), an enterprise must have an organizational capacity to strategically exploit its valuable, rare and unique strategic assets. The results indicate that entrepreneurial orientation is an example of this organizational capability that uses and exploits valuable business knowledge in the firm. The study states that knowledge becomes a strategic asset if the business has a business orientation to use this knowledge to identify and exploit business opportunities to become competitive and to benefit from positive returns. Schroeder, Bates and Junttila (2002) conducted a study to assess the potential competitiveness of the production firms, on the basis of RBV. The study found that non-educated employees working with standard equipment will not reach high productive performance. Greater productivity will reach educated employees working with specialized equipment. The study revealed the importance and necessity permanently to develop internal and external knowledge as a strategic resource. The results of the research showed that the firm must have the resources and the opportunities to use them, with a view to the company’s growth. An entrepreneur is a strategic resource, with inner growth. It can be argued that the entrepreneur firms are those that have the resources to develop the operational capacity, looking for an alternative competence. Following the analysis of the scientific literature sources and documents, it appears that small and microsized firms have limited resources. Corporate executives, aiming at long-term competitive advantage, could apply SWOT analysis, with emphasis on the development of the existing and creating necessary strategic internal resources. The results of the study showed that the firms must have the resources and the opportunities to use them, with a view to the firm’s growth. Firm manager is a strategic resource, with inner growth. It can be concluded that the entrepreneurial companies are those that have the resources to develop the operational capacity, looking for an alternative competence. The analysis has shown that small and microsized firms have to develop the competencies of an entrepreneurial executive, whose ability to develop and implement strategies for the firm’s operation is one of the main long-term competitive advantages. All of the company’s existing intangible strategic resources (entrepreneurial executive, social capital, the ability to develop and implement the company’s business strategies, operational model, knowledge and expertise, the company’s notoriety, the relationship with the customer) are mutually closely related and mutually reinforcing. To conclude, it can be stated, that owners of small and micro-sized firms have to have a clear understanding of what are tangible and intangible assets of the firm. The realization of the importance of non-monetary (intangible) resources and having competencies to strengthen existing and developing new, will create the way for a successful firm operation and development.

This research project intends to analyze and identify the dynamics of fluidity through fixed in the Brazilian state of Mato Grosso do Sul, its role in the national economy, as well as its relationship with the other countries that are part of the Bioceanic Road, designed from the Brazilian cities of Campo Grande-MS to Porto Murtinho-MS, towards the ports of northern Chile. For this, the objective is to verify the transport systems that have progressively incorporated the technical bases in Mato Grosso do Sul, considering in this perspective the inseparable set of engineering systems (the fixed ones) and systems of flows (materials). Regarding transport modes, it is based on the main modalities enabled in the movement of goods and passengers, based on the historical process of development of these modes and their infrastructures. In terms of flows, the movement of people and merchandise is taken as a way of understanding the spatial organization of the circulation and its adjacent relations, in a context that seeks to understand the results of the public policies of transport infrastructure. In summary, this project aims to systematize the economic dynamics of transport modes, recognizing them as one of the most important aspects of the logic of regional economic development.

This brief article offers an overview of fixed and floating exchange rate systems and contextualizes how these systems have changed over the last several decades. The article critically questions why many higher educational institutions have yet to adapt some of the questions economic policy makers actually face by looking at pivotal moments over the last several decades. What does the international exchange rate system actually look like, what landmark moments led to the current dynamic and how does this differ from the black boxed concepts of exchange rates as taught in most intro university economics courses? [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: The pain experience is highly variable among patients. Psychological mindsets, in which individuals view a particular characteristic as either fixed or changeable, have been demonstrated to influence people's actions and perceptions in a variety of settings including school, sports, and interpersonal. The purpose of this study was to determine if health mindsets influence the pain scores and immediate outcomes of post-operative surgical patients.Methods: As part of a multi-institutional, prospective, randomized clinical trial involving patients undergoing a minimally invasive pectus excavatum repair of pectus excavatum, patients were surveyed to determine whether they had a fixed or growth health mindset. Their post-operative pain was followed prospectively and scored on a Visual Analog Scale and outcomes were measured according to time to oral pain medication use.Results: Fifty patients completed the Health Beliefs survey, 17 had a fixed mindset (8 epidural, 9 PCA) and 33 had a growth mindset (17 epidural, 16 PCA). Patients with a growth mindset had lower post-operative pain scores than patients with a fixed mindset although pain medication use was not different.Conclusion: This is the first usage of health mindsets as a means to characterize the perception of pain in the post-operative period. Mindset appears to make a difference in how patients perceive and report their pain. Interventions to improve a patient's mindset could be effective in the future to improve pain control and patient satisfaction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BACKGROUND: The difference of dental arch shape mainly refers to different anterior tooth arrangement, and the shape of dental arch has a certain influence on the peri-implant stress distribution. Current three-dimensional finite element analysis for implant-supported denture mainly focuses on the same dental arch shape, and little is reported on the biomechanical difference of different dental arch shapes. OBJECTIVE: To compare the biomechanical behaviors of implant-supported fixed partial denture with square, oval and tapered arch shapes using the method of three-dimensional finite element analysis. METHODS: Based on the Cone-beam CT data of the human jaw, three kinds of models of implant-supported fixed partial denture and the surrounding bone were established. The force of 300 N (100 N of incisor, lateral incisor or canine crown) was applied to the fixed bridges at an angle of 45o alone the long axis of the tooth from labial side to lingual side to evaluate the Von-Mises stress distribution of cortical bone and cancellous bone and the displacement of implant-abutment complex. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The Max EQV stress in the cortical bone and cancellous bone around the implant in the three models were ranked as tapered model > oval model > square model, and the Max displacement of the implant-abutment complex in the three models were ranked as tapered model > oval model > square model. Overall findings indicate that the square arch shape shows lower stress and better stress distribution than the other two arch shapes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

5‐hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF), an important platform compound produced from lignocellulosic biomass, is widely applied in petrochemical industry for downstream synthesis of medical supplies or intermediate of the other important chemicals by the typical catalytic processes. A continuous production route was developed to yield HMF from monosaccharides by using zirconium phosphate (ZrP) with different Zr/P ratios as catalysts. Its physicochemical properties were then characterized by Brunauer‐Emmett‐Teller (BET), X‐ray powder diffraction (XRD), X‐ray photoelectron spectra (XPS), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT‐IR), pyridine adsorbed Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (Py‐FT‐IR), X‐ray fluorescence (XRF) and temperature programmed desorption of ammonia (NH3‐TPD) techniques. A mixed phase containing monosaccharide in aqueous and dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) phase was applied in the fixed bed to keep the continuous production. The optimized reaction conditions were applied to maximized HMF yield by varying the processing parameters. The highest HMF yield of 56.3% was obtained when using fructose as the feedstock under the reaction condition of 120 °C, 180 min, N2 pressure 2 MPa and DMSO: fructose solution of 9:1 over ZrP with the P/Zr with molar ratio of 2. Comparatively, the glucose conversion of 72% with the HMF yield of 32% were gained under the same conditions using glucose as the feedstock. It is deduced that the ZrP catalysts simultaneously possessing Brönsted/Lewis acid showed synergy in glucose dehydration to HMF. The ZrP catalyst showed good stability and no obvious deactivation was observed after 30 h of time‐on‐stream, due to the primary structure and acidic properties of catalyst can be kept during the reaction. Finally, it is generally efficient for some C6 sugars dehydration to HMF with the Brönsted/Lewis acid synergy of ZrP. ZrP solid acids synthesized with dfferent Zr/P ration are tested in the dehydration of typical C6 monosaccharides to HMF (5‐hydroxymethylfurfural). ZrP (P/Zr = 2) showed the best catalytic activity for obtaining the highest HMF yield of 56.3%. The ZrP catalyst is generally efficient for C6 sugars dehydration to HMF, where B and L acidic sites showed synergism effect on glucose dehydration to HMF. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

When an arch is subjected to a periodic load, it may lose in-plane stability dynamically owing to parametric resonance. Previous investigations have been concentrated on in-plane dynamic buckling of pin-ended shallow arches. However, in engineering practice, fixed arches with different rise-to-span ratios are often encountered. Little research on in-plane dynamic instability of deep fixed arches has been reported in the literature. This paper is concerned with experimental and analytical investigations for in-plane dynamic instability of fixed circular arches with rise-to-span ratios 1/8–1/2 under a central periodic load owing to parametric resonance. Experiments are carried out to determine the in-plane frequency and damping ratio of arches, to investigate critical regions of frequencies and amplitudes of the periodic load for in-plane dynamic instability of arches, and to explore effects of the rise-to-span ratio and additional weights on dynamic instability. The analytical method for determining the region of excitation frequencies and amplitudes of the periodic load causing in-plane instability of the arch is established using the Hamilton’s principle by accounting for effects of additional concentrated weights. Comparisons of analytical solutions with test results show that they agree with each other quite well. These results show that the rise-to-span ratio significantly influences the bandwidth of regions of critical excitation frequencies for in-plane dynamic instability of arches. The critical frequencies of the periodic load and their bandwidth increase with a decrease of the rise–span ratio of the arch, whereas the corresponding amplitude of the periodic load decreases at the same time. It is also found that the central concentrated weight influences in-plane dynamic instability of arches significantly. As the weight increases, the critical frequencies of excitation and their bandwidth for in-plane dynamic instability of arches decreases, whereas the corresponding amplitude of excitation increases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: Objectives: To assess the profilometric changes of the buccal soft tissues between baseline and 5 years of loading using a one‐ and two‐piece dental implant system. Materials and methods: Sixty patients randomly received dental implants of either a two‐piece type (BRA) or a one‐piece type (STM). Casts were obtained at baseline (after crown insertion), at the 1‐year and at the 5‐year follow‐up. Stereolithography files were obtained from the casts for digital superimposition. One implant and the contralateral natural tooth were selected for the analysis. Thirty‐three patients (BRA = 16; STM = 17) were included. Measurements included changes for crown height (CH) and estimated soft tissue thickness, as well as the profilometric change at the implant and the tooth site. Nonparametric methods were applied for the statistical analyses and medians and quartiles presented. Results: The BRA group lost −0.39 mm and the STM group lost −0.40 mm of volume between baseline and the 5‐year follow‐up at the implant site (p > 0.05). The tooth site lost −0.18 mm (BRA) and −0.12 mm (STM) (p > 0.05). Volume differences between implants and teeth amounted to −0.05 mm (baseline to 1 year) and −0.25 mm (baseline to 5 years) for BRA, while for STM, the values were 0.03 mm (baseline to 1 year) and −0.16 mm (baseline to 5 years). The changes for implant CH at 1 and 5 years of follow‐up amounted 0.10 and 0.09 mm (BRA) and to 0.03 and 0.22 mm (STM). The changes in tissue thickness at 1 and 5 years in the BRA group amounted to −0.28 and −0.66 mm at 1 mm, −0.21 and −0.46 mm at 3 mm, and −0.32 and −0.45 mm at 5 mm, respectively. The changes in the STM group amounted to −0.15 and −0.54 mm at 1 mm, −0.24 and −0.48 mm at 3 mm, and −0.32 and −0.57 mm at 5 mm, respectively. No significantly different medians were observed. Conclusions: Minimal profilometric and linear changes occurred at implant sites between baseline and 5 years, between implant and tooth sites and between the two implant systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Basic Education College Magazine For Educational & Humanities Sciences is the property of Republic of Iraq Ministry of Higher Education & Scientific Research (MOHESR) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Historical & Cultural Studies an Academic Magazine is the property of Republic of Iraq Ministry of Higher Education & Scientific Research (MOHESR) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The protruding and deviated premaxilla in bilateral complete cleft lip and palate (BCL/P) patients causes a perplexing problem in achieving a tension-free primary lip closure. An innovative noninvasive active intraoral Fixed Pre-Surgical Cleft Orthopedic (FPSCO) appliance is presented that has enabled to successfully reposition the premaxillary segment to a more favorable position prior to the surgical repair in 4 BCL/P patients, who reported late for treatment with a mean age of 18 ± 3 months. All the patients had at least 1 deciduous tooth erupted in 3 cleft segments, 1 premaxilla (PM), and 2 lateral maxillary (LM) segments. This innovative approach is a noninvasive method of getting the cleft segments closer prior to chelioplasty, where conventional presurgical nasoalveolar molding (PNAM) is not possible, which needs to be done early in life as it requires circulating maternal estrogen levels to achieve results preferably possible in patients younger than 3 to 6 months. Bonding to erupted teeth with glass ionomer cement was implemented to secure the appliance. Nickel-titanium (Ni-Ti) closed-coil springs were used that delivered continuous forces of 150 g/5 oz per side to retract the premaxillary segment. The mean active period of treatment time was 3.5± 1.6 months and the retention period was 1.2 ± 0.6 months, following which cheiloplasty was performed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Socialiniai Tyrimai is the property of Vilnius University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Background: Although principled responsibilities are on dentists to prescribe and communicate prosthodontics information and requirements to dental technician, studies reveal a lack of communication. Moreover, skills and techniques that students develop during their clinical education are profoundly become attitudes. Aim: The aim of this cross-sectional study was to inspect and observe the quality of prosthodontics instructions and information submitted for both fixed and removable prosthodontics cases immediately at the end of each students' clinical session. Methods: Research ethical committee approved this study. A paper-based examination designed to find out the quality of instructions and nature of information. A self-structured questionnaire was constructed which included general data; year of study, age and gender of the dental student, information of the case type itself, and the clarity and correct instructions. Written instructions and the drawings were categorized as satisfactory and clear, a guide, unsatisfactory and poor, and none, outcome of treatment recorded at the delivery/cementation appointments. Results: Only 36.5% of the whole study samples were satisfactory and clear. Moreover, 37.4% were considered as a guide, 22.8% were unsatisfactory and poor, and 3.3% were without instructions. There was a statistical significance difference between the groups. Results showed that only 42.3% of prosthodontics cases approved on the intended day for delivery and/or cementation with minor adjustments. Nearly 14.6% rejected and unapproved (Redo). Only 9.75% of written information indicated disinfection. Conclusion: This study indicates weakness in communication between senior dental students (SDSs) and the laboratory dental technicians. SDSs are not competent in writing prosthodontics forms. The significance of acceptably completing the forms must be stressed throughout students' education. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives To test whether or not a one- (S1) and a two-piece (S2) dental implant systems render the same biological, technical, and esthetic outcomes regarding implants and implant-supported reconstructions over an observation period of 4 to 6 years. Materials and methods Sixty patients were randomly assigned to receive S1 or S2 implants. The implants were restored with either fixed or removable prostheses. The insertion of the final reconstruction was chosen as baseline. One-year and 4- to 6-year ( FU-5) measurements included biological (e.g. marginal bone level, probing pocket depth, peri-implant mucositis, and peri-implantitis), technical (e.g. fracture or loosening of prosthetic screws, fracture or loosening of abutments, fracture of framework, and/or veneering ceramic (minor, major), loss of retention for cemented restorations), and esthetic parameters (visibility of the crown margin, shimmering of the implant through the mucosa, the level of the facial margo mucosae compared to the contralateral tooth or implant site and the modified papilla index) for implants and reconstructions. Survival and success rates of implants and reconstructions were calculated. Because of the asymmetric data distributions, nonparametric statistical methods were applied. Results The implant-based analysis revealed a cumulative implant survival rate of 97.9% (S1: 96.6%; S2: 98.9%) at FU-5. The median marginal bone level for group S1 changed from 0.51 mm at baseline to 0.49 mm at FU-5 and for group S2 from 1.02 mm to 1.35 mm ( P < 0.001). Patient-level analyses demonstrated a frequency of peri-implant mucositis of 7.7% (S1) and 10.0% (S2) and for peri-implantitis of 7.7% (S1) and 13.3% (S2) at FU-5. The patient-based cumulative implant survival rate was 94.6% (S1: 92.3%; S2: 96.7%). The overall patient-based biological complication rate amounted to 15.4% (S1) and to 23.3% (S2) ( P = 0.517), whereas the overall technical complication rates were 30.8% (S1) and 13.3% (S2) ( P = 0.349). The prosthetic survival rates were 93.1% for S1 and 100% for S2 ( P > 0.05). Conclusions Both implant systems reveal high survival rates on the implant and prosthetic level. Apart from marginal bone-level changes, biological and technical outcomes did not reveal significant differences between the two implant systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

When a thin-walled section arch is subjected to an in-plane central concentrated load, the load produces combined nonuniform axial compressive and bending actions, which increase with an increase of the central load and may reach the values, at which the arch suddenly deflects laterally and twists out of the plane of loading, and fails in a lateral-torsional buckling mode. The elastic lateral-torsional buckling of fixed circular arches under a central concentrated load has been a difficult problem to be solved, which is investigated in this paper. Accurate prebuckling analyses for axial compressive and bending actions produced by the central load are carried out. The analytical solution for the elastic lateral-torsional buckling load is derived using the principle of stationary potential energy in conjunction with the Rayleigh-Ritz method. The analytical solutions for the prebuckling axial compressive and bending actions and for the elastic lateral-torsional buckling load are compared with independent finite element results. It is found that they agree with each other very well, which validate the analytical solutions. In addition, the effects of load height, slenderness and in-plane boundary condition on the lateral-torsional buckling load are investigated. It is found that changes of the slenderness ratio, load height and in-plane boundary conditions have significant effects on the lateral-torsional buckling resistance of arches. This paper provides structural researchers and designers with a deep insight and useful analytical solutions for the lateral-torsional buckling of circular arches, and establishes a sound basis for investigations on the lateral-torsional strengths of fixed circular arches in the future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

ABSTRACT. In this study, we present the concept of a C*-algebra-valued S-metric space. We prove Banach contraction principle in this space. Finally, we prove a common fixed point theorem in C*-algebra-valued S-metric spaces defining new notions such as L-condition and k-contraction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Dentists often place post and core buildups on endodontically treated abutments for crown and bridge restorations. This article analyzes the bio-mechanical purposes, advantages and disadvantages of placing a core or a post and core in an endodontically treated tooth and reviews literature on post and core biomechanics. The author assesses the scientific rationale of the claim that the main purpose of a post is to retain a core, or the claim that posts weaken teeth. More likely, the main function of a post is to help prevent the abutment, on which a crown is cemented, from fracturing such that the abutment separates from the tooth root, at a fracture plane that is located approximately and theoretically at the level of the crown (or ferrule) margin. A post essentially improves the ferrule effect that is provided by the partial fixed denture prosthesis. This paper also explores the difference between bio-mechanical failures of crowns caused by lack of retention or excess taper, versus failures due to a sub-optimal ferrule effect in crown and bridge prostheses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The effects of the European Economic and Monetary Union (EMU) and European Union (EU) on trade are separately estimated using an empirical gravity model. Employing a panel approach with both time-varying country and dyadic fixed effects on a large span of data (across both countries and time), it is found that EMU and EU each significantly boosted exports. EMU expanded European trade by 40% for the original members, while the EU increased trade by almost 70%. Newer members have experienced even higher trade as a result of joining the EU, but more time is necessary to see the effects of their joining EMU. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background. Delayed loading is one of the concerns in implant patients. Immediate loading can solve the problem and make patients more satisfied. The present study aimed to compare the removal torque of maxi implants under different loading (immediate and delayed) patterns. Methods. This split-mouth experimental study included 2 dogs. Impressions were made and then all the premolars were extracted under general anesthesia. After a three-month healing period, 3 implants were inserted in each quadrant (a total of 12 implants). Anterior and posterior implants (the case group) were splinted by an acrylic temporary bridge in order to make the middle implants (the control group) off the occlusion. The dogs were sacrificed after 6 weeks and bone blocks were submitted for removal torque test. Data were analyzed with ANOVA (P<0.05). Results. Mean torque values for the cases and control groups were 46.82±25.58 and 59.88±15.19, respectively (P=0.582; not significant). Conclusion. It may be concluded that immediate loading does not reduce the reverse torque values of maxi implants. This supports the advantages of immediate loading for maxi implants. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This work describes the derivation of a general mathematical model applicable to both fixed and fluidised granular beds, operating within the full hydrodynamic spectrum from viscous to inertial flows. The fundamental insight for the derivation of the model is that practical fluidised beds and fixed beds have similar hydrodynamic properties. The validity of the general model is demonstrated for fluid fractions up to 0.90. A crucial development in the general model is the replacement of hydraulic diameter, which has served as the size descriptor of flow paths in most fixed-bed models derived since the advent of the classic Blake-Kozeny equation. The new, replacement expression is based on the physical structure of the cross section of random porous beds. In addition, the general model contains a tortuosity factor, derived from the results of previous works involving computational fluid dynamics, to correct flow path length and fluid velocity. The model is constructed using regression analysis of experimental data from six previous major works and tested against previous models. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction. The prosthetic treatment of patients with cleft palate includes various treatment options such as fixed partial dentures, removable partial prosthesis, etc. The type of prosthetic appliance is determined by the oral health of each individual and the circumstances. We presented three adult patients with the cleft lip and palate subjected to prosthetic treatment. Case report. From the possible prosthetic solutions according to the conditions in the oral cavity and the circumstances, fixed partial dentures veneered with composite or ceramic were chosen. A proper relationship between the teeth was reached with the fixed partial dentures, and function established, the phonetics improved and satisfying aesthetics effect accomplished improving the profile appearance of the patient's face. Plastic surgery of the nose was performed after that. Conclusion. Multidisclipinary treatment is necessary for favourable long-term outcome in cleft lip and palate patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose Posterior maxillary tilted implants are gaining prevalence as an alternative to sinus grafts supporting fixed maxillary restorations. This paper reports long-term results after loading using this technique. Materials and Methods Consecutive patients presenting for either routine hygiene maintenance or unplanned emergency care who had received tilted implants as a sinus graft alternative to support fixed fully implant-supported restoration of an edentulous maxilla and were followed for a minimum of 10 years from initial implant placement were included in this evaluation. Results Forty-four patients were identified: 40 with bilateral tilted implants and 4 with one tilted and one axial posterior implant. Eight patients received one-piece fixed porcelain-to-gold screw-retained restorations, and thirty-six patients received a fully implant-supported patient-removable Marius Bridge. Seventy-nine out of 84 originally loaded posterior tilted implants survived a minimum of 10 years loading; one tilted implant was lost at 10 years. Eight additional posterior implants were placed for either these lost tilted posterior implants or as proactive supplemental support; one of these replacement tilted implants survived for at least 10 years and is included in the data. All patients have maintained continuous fixed function throughout the follow-up period. Forty-one out of 44 patients continue with the original restoration, 33 without modification or removal of the fixed restoration or implant-connecting bar. One porcelain-to-gold and seven Marius Bridges had framework modifications to accommodate additional implants; 3 Marius Bridge restorations were replaced with a newer generation. Conclusion Within the limits of this retrospective study, the results show that continuous fixed function of fully implant-supported maxillary restorations using posterior tilted implants in terminal positions of support as a sinus graft alternative combined with axial anterior implants is possible over a prolonged period. Loss of a posterior tilted implant after loading is treatable with another tilted, zygomatic or axial implant, typically requiring only modification of the fixed restoration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: The purpose of this investigation was to document the reasons for placement, and replacement of crowns and fixed partial denture in a Nigerian Teaching Hospital. Methods: a retrospective review of patients that had advanced conservative procedures. A data collection form was used to gather the relevant information from the patients' case notes. Section A sought information on age , gender, educational level, patients' occupation etc. Section B recorded information on tooth/teeth involved, reason for fabrication of prosthesis and material used. Results: Three hundred and twenty six had 398 crowns while 23 patients received bridges. Patients' ages ranged from 16-85 years with a mean of 47.7 ± 17.2 years and a male to female ratio of 1:1.3. Thirty five percent of the crowned teeth were in the upper right quadrant, followed by the upper left quadrant with 29.4%. Upper right central incisors were the most frequently (15.6%) crowned teeth. Endodontics and esthetics were the most common reasons for initial crown placement and replacement respectively. About 60% of bridges fabricated were new, while 22.2% of replaced bridges were due to fracture of porcelain and unacceptable marginal adaptation. Conclusion: Endodontics and esthetics were the most common reasons for initial crown placement and replacement [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this essay I look at the uses of the middle in the Odyssey by foregrounding the prophecy about the fate of the Phaeacians in its double manifestation in the poem, its report in Book 8 and its fulfillment in Book 13. I argue that this prophecy shows that the middle in the Odyssey can be either fixed or fluctuating, depending on how we interpret the end of the relevant section. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]