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102. Exercise and Dietary-Mediated Reductions in Postprandial Lipemia

Author

Plaisance, Eric P. and Fisher, Gordon

Subjects
Article Subject, lipids (amino acids, peptides, and proteins)
Abstract

Postprandial hyperlipemia produces long-term derangements in lipid/lipoprotein metabolism, vascular endothelial dysfunction, hypercoagulability, and sympathetic hyperactivity which are strongly linked to atherogenesis. The purpose of this review is to (1) provide a qualitative analysis of the available literature examining the dysregulation of postprandial lipid metabolism in the presence of obesity, (2) inspect the role of adiposity distribution and sex on postprandial lipid metabolism, and (3) examine the role of energy deficit (exercise- and/or energy restriction-mediated), isoenergetic low-carbohydrate diets, and omega-3 (n-3) fatty acid supplementation on postprandial lipid metabolism. We conclude from the literature that central adiposity primarily accounts for sex-related differences in postprandial lipemia and that aerobic exercise attenuates this response in obese or lean men and women to a similar extent through potentially unique mechanisms. In contrast, energy restriction produces only mild reductions in postprandial lipemia suggesting that exercise may be superior to energy restriction alone as a strategy for lowering postprandial lipemia. However, isoenergetic very low-carbohydrate diets and n-3 fatty acid supplementation reduce postprandial lipemia indicating that macronutrient manipulations reduce postprandial lipemia in the absence of energy restriction. Therefore, interactions between exercise/energy restriction and alterations in macronutrient content remain top priorities for the field to identify optimal behavioral treatments to reduce postprandial lipemia.

Published
2014
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107. High Intensity Interval- vs Moderate Intensity- Training for Improving Cardiometabolic Health in Overweight or Obese Males: A Randomized Controlled Trial

Author

Fisher, Gordon, primary, Brown, Andrew W., additional, Bohan Brown, Michelle M., additional, Alcorn, Amy, additional, Noles, Corey, additional, Winwood, Leah, additional, Resuehr, Holly, additional, George, Brandon, additional, Jeansonne, Madeline M., additional, and Allison, David B., additional

Published
2015
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113. Amazonia Revisited

Author

Fisher, Gordon

Subjects
The Trade Mission (Book) -- Book reviews, Books -- Book reviews
Published
2004

115. Of time and the river

Author

Fisher, Gordon

Subjects
Before the Flood (Book) -- Book reviews, Books -- Book reviews
Published
2001

117. Aging and energetics’ ‘Top 40’ future research opportunities 2010-2013

Author

Allison, David B., primary, Antoine, Lisa H., additional, Ballinger, Scott W., additional, Bamman, Marcas M., additional, Biga, Peggy, additional, Darley-Usmar, Victor M., additional, Fisher, Gordon, additional, Gohlke, Julia M., additional, Halade, Ganesh V., additional, Hartman, John L., additional, Hunter, Gary R., additional, Messina, Joseph L., additional, Nagy, Tim R., additional, Plaisance, Eric P., additional, Powell, Mickie L., additional, Roth, Kevin A., additional, Sandel, Michael W., additional, Schwartz, Tonia S., additional, Smith, Daniel L., additional, Sweatt, J. David, additional, Tollefsbol, Trygve O., additional, Watts, Stephen A., additional, Yang, Yongbin, additional, Zhang, Jianhua, additional, and Austad, Steven N., additional

Published
2014
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128. Ethnic differences in the consistency and accuracy of perceived exertion.

Author

Sweatt, S. Katherine, Roy, Jane, Chandler‐Laney, Paula, Fisher, Gordon, Brock, David, and Hunter, Gary

Subjects
RATE of perceived exertion, WEIGHT loss, HEALTH of African Americans, EUROPEAN Americans, WOMEN, HEALTH, ANTHROPOMETRY
Abstract

Objectives This study investigated the effect of weight loss and weight regain on accuracy of perceived exertion (APE) in previously overweight African American (AA) and European American (EA) women. Methods Formerly overweight women ( n = 102, age 20-44 years) completed a weight loss program to achieve BMI < 25 kg/m2. Physiological variable of exertion and rating of perceived exertion (RPE, Borg's 6-20 Scale) were recorded during submaximal aerobic exercise prior to, immediately following, and approximately 1 year after weight loss. APE was defined as the composite score of physiological variables (heart rate, ventilation rate, and respiratory exchange ratio) minus RPE. Results APE was significantly different from the composite score of physiological variables at baseline and at 1-year follow-up for EA women (0.347 ± 0.88 P < 0.05 and 0.53 ± 0.92, P < 0.01, respectively) and at 1-year follow-up for AA (−0.37 ± 1.1, P < 0.01). EA women had lower physiological effort at baseline and 1-year follow-up states (−0.24 ± 0.66 P < 0.05; and, −0.27 ± 0.84 P < 0.05, respectively). AA women had higher physiological effort, at 1-year follow-up state (0.21 ± 0.61, P < 0.01). Conclusions Physiologic effort and perceived exertion contributed independently to the racial differences in APE, and APE may be an important trait to evaluate before planning an exercise intervention. Am. J. Hum. Biol. 28:398-404, 2016. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2016
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141. LETTERS

Author

Wells, Bob, Jones, Clifton, Wade, Gene, Goddard, Augustus, Smith, Peggy, Longcore, Russell D., Street, D.H., Beaumont, Natalie C., Lecroy, Hoyt, Hill, James, Davis, Patricia, Trafford, Edmund, Cox, David L., Torres, Linda, Fisher, Gordon, Kern, Greg, Hesla, David, Ghosal, Monojit, Huff, Brian J., and Mariani, Reid

Subjects
General interest, News, opinion and commentary
Abstract

Affirmative action: Responses to Cynthia Tucker's column 'The 'quota' cry doesn't faze me,' @issue, June 29: Cynthia Tucker forgets whole Thomas story Cynthia Tucker implies that Clarence Thomas must be [...]

Published
2003

145. APPLIED SCIENCES. Exercise Training and Energy Expenditure following Weight Loss.

Author

HUNTER, GARY R., FISHER, GORDON, NEUMEIER, WILLIAM H., CARTER, STEPHEN J., and PLAISANCE, ERIC P.

Subjects
*ANALYSIS of variance, *BODY composition, *CALORIMETRY, *STATISTICAL correlation, *ENERGY metabolism, *EXERCISE, *HEART beat, *RESEARCH funding, *STATISTICS, *T-test (Statistics), *WEIGHT loss, *PERIMENOPAUSE, *DATA analysis, *OXYGEN consumption, *DATA analysis software, *DESCRIPTIVE statistics, *PHOTON absorptiometry
Abstract

Purpose: This study aims to determine the effects of aerobic or resistance training on activity-related energy expenditure (AEE; kcal·d-1) and physical activity index (activity-related time equivalent (ARTE)) following weight loss. It was hypothesized that weight loss without exercise training would be accompanied by decreases in AEE, ARTE, and nontraining physical activity energy expenditure (nonexercise activity thermogenesis (NEAT)) and that exercise training would prevent decreases in free-living energy expenditure. Methods: One hundred forty premenopausal women had an average weight loss of 25 lb during a diet (800 kcal·d-1) of furnished food. One group aerobically trained 3 times per week (40 min·d-1), another group resistance-trained 3 times per week (10 exercises/2 sets × 10 repetitions), and the third group did not exercise. Dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry was used to measure body composition, indirect calorimetry was used to measure resting energy expenditure (REE) and walking energy expenditure, and doubly labeled water was used to measure total energy expenditure (TEE). AEE, ARTE, and nontraining physical activity energy expenditure (NEAT) were calculated. Results: TEE, REE, and NEAT all decreased following weight loss for the no-exercise group, but not for aerobic and resistance trainers. Only REE decreased in the two exercise groups. Resistance trainers increased ARTE. HR and oxygen uptake while walking on the flat and up a grade were consistently related to TEE, AEE, NEAT, and ARTE. Conclusions: Exercise training prevents a decrease in energy expenditure, including free-living energy expenditure separate from exercise training, following weight loss. Resistance training increases physical activity, whereas economy/ease of walking is associated with increased TEE, AEE, NEAT, and ARTE. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2015
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