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Single electron capture in collisions of 9 keV/q Ne7+-ions with He has been studied using cold-target recoil-ion momentum spectroscopy (COLTRIMS). With an improved apparatus a longitudinal momentum resolution of 0.07 a.u. has been achieved. This momentum component corresponds to the binding energy of the active electron in the final state. For the first time state-resolved differential cross sections have been determined with respect to the main quantum number, subshell level and spin state of the captured electron. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: MNCs for adoptive immunotherapy may be collected by leukocytapheresis with a cell separator.Study Design and Methods: Six healthy cytapheresis donors donated two MNC concentrates on a cell separator (AS.TEC 204, Fresenius): one on the standard MNC program and one on a modified MNC program with reduced centrifuge velocity that leads to a lower platelet contamination. Seventeen patients with malignant melanoma donated 26 MNC concentrates: 5 on the AS.TEC 204 MNC program, 9 on the modified AS.TEC 204 MNC program, and 12 on another modified MNC program (Spectra, COBE).Results: In the course of cultivation of MNCs to dendritic cells (DCs), the donor MNC concentrates with the lower platelet contamination (475 +/- 85 x 10(9)/L) had a significantly higher relative DC yield (low platelet contamination: 3.9 +/- 1.6% of the plated cells; high platelet contamination: 2.5 +/- 1.8% of the plated cells; p = 0.019) than the concentrates with the higher platelet contamination (2364 +/- 448 x 10(9)/L). No significant difference was found in the yields of MNCs and CD14+ cells in the three protocols used for the collection of MNCs from patients with melanoma. The components obtained by the standard AS.TEC 204 MNC program had a significantly higher platelet contamination (1768 +/- 994 x 10(9)/L) than the components obtained by the modified AS.TEC MNC program (360 +/- 98 x 10(9)/L; p<0.05) and the modified Spectra MNC program (636 +/- 266 x 10(9)/L); p<0.05). Because of the low number of investigated components, no significant difference in the DC yield of the three protocols could be detected (mean DC yield after cultivation: 746 +/- 429 x 10(6)).Conclusion: A high platelet contamination of MNC concentrates intended for adoptive immunotherapy can lead to a significant impairment of the DC yield after cultivation. Both the modified AS.TEC 204 and the modified Spectra MNC programs are well suited for collecting MNC concentrates with high MNC yields and low platelet contamination from patients with malignant melanoma. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

1,14-Bis-(ethyl)-amino-5,10-diazatetradecane N1,N11-bis(ethyl)norspermine (BE-4-4-4) and 1,19-bis-(ethylamino)-5,10,15 triazanonadecane (BE-4-4-4-4) are two relatively new polyamine analogs synthesized for use as antineoplastic agents. In human brain tumor cell lines U-251 MG and SF-767, both agents inhibited cell growth, were cytotoxic, induced a variable G1/S block, and depleted intracellular polyamines. Since intracellular polyamine depletion did not always correlate with growth inhibition, cell survival, or cell cycle progression, it cannot completely explain the effects of these agents on growth, survival, and cell cycle progression in U-251 MG and SF-767 cells. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Presents a study which describes the complete recovery of adrenal function after severe adrenocortical insufficiency resulting from traumatic bilateral intra-adrenal hemorrhages. Overview of the case report; Results of the computer tomographic scans of the adrenal glands; Discussion.

Introduction: Self-assessed confidence is not a reliable indicator of knowledge levels, as multiple studies have shown; however, it is often used as a measure of knowledge. The purpose of this study is to identify whether the confidence of graduating students in a US medical school to diagnose and treat diabetes is correlated with their diabetes-related knowledge., Methods: We developed a 38-question survey, targeting students' external experiences, knowledge, and confidence related to the diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of diabetes. The survey includes six self-reported confidence questions and 15 multiple choice-style questions, to test diabetes knowledge. The survey was administered electronically using REDCap to the graduating medical school class (n=176) at Upstate Medical University. We calculated mean knowledge scores and confidence scores were calculated. We used Pearson correlation and t tests to assess for correlations and differences in the collected data. We also reviewed diabetes content in the current curriculum., Results: The response rate was 38%. The mean confidence score was 19.97 out of 30 (SD=3.92) and the mean knowledge score was 9.63 out of 15 (SD=2.09). Total knowledge and confidence scores were not correlated. A positive correlation between confidence in prescribing/adjusting medications to treat patients with type 1 diabetes and knowledge levels was found ( R =.325, P =.007). Academic electives, external experiences with diabetes, and demographics did not correlate with knowledge and confidence differences., Conclusions: Students overestimated their ability to adequately manage people with diabetes. Better approaches are needed to prepare future physicians to diagnose and treat diabetes., (© 2024 by the Society of Teachers of Family Medicine.)

Competing Interests: The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Despite the advances in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) achieved in the last few years, several patients are diagnosed late, do not respond to or have to stop therapy because of inefficacy and/or toxicity, leaving still a huge unmet need. Tissue-specific strategies have the potential to address some of these issues. The aim of the study is the development of a safe nanotechnology approach for tissue-specific delivery of drugs and diagnostic probes. CD34  +  endothelial precursors were addressed in inflamed synovium using targeted biodegradable nanoparticles (tBNPs). These nanostructures were made of poly-lactic acid, poly-caprolactone, and PEG and then coated with a synovial homing peptide. Immunofluorescence analysis clearly demonstrated their capacity to selectively address CD34  +  endothelial cells in synovial tissue obtained from human, mouse, and rat. Biodistribution studies in two different animal models of rheumatoid arthritis (antigen-induced arthritis/AIA and collagen-induced arthritis/CIA) confirmed the selective accumulation in inflamed joints but also evidenced the capacity of tBNP to detect early phases of the disease and the preferential liver elimination. The therapeutic effect of methotrexate (MTX)-loaded tBNPs were studied in comparison with conventional MTX doses. MTX-loaded tBNPs prevented and treated CIA and AIA at a lower dose and reduced administration frequency than MTX. Moreover, MTX-loaded tBNP showed a novel mechanism of action, in which the particles target and kill CD34  +  endothelial progenitors, preventing neo-angiogenesis and, consequently, synovial inflammation. tBNPs represent a stable and safe platform to develop highly-sensitive imaging and therapeutic approaches in RA targeting specifically synovial neo-angiogenesis to reduce local inflammation., (Copyright © 2019 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)

Background: There is a paucity of reports on osteolysis associated with tibial screw fixation in cementless total knee arthroplasty (TKA), and the pathophysiology is not clear. This study aimed to describe the pathology related to screw track osteolysis around the tibia in cementless TKA., Methods: The study cohort comprised 100 revised cementless TKAs with tibial screw fixation. Screw track osteolysis and various screw angles were analyzed radiologically. Tissue samples from the joint capsule and the osteolytic cavity were investigated for metal/polyethylene wear. The type of tissue response was determined using immunohistochemistry. Retrieved tibial polyethylene inserts were analyzed for screw hole impression and mode of wear. Tissue metal content was measured by inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry. Electrochemical reactions between the tibial tray and the cancellous screws were investigated., Results: Radiological analysis showed screw track osteolysis predominantly at the medial aspect of the tibial component, and the severity of osteolysis positively correlated with smaller medial proximal tibial screw angles. Osteolysis was associated with high titanium concentrations but not with polyethylene particles. An open circuit potential between the screw and the tibial base plate was measured. Necrosis, osteolytic cyst formation and macrophages, T and B cells, and dendritic cells were present., Conclusion: The present study highlights the risk for screw track osteolysis in cementless TKA with screw fixation. Our data collectively suggest that titanium wear may contribute to screw track osteolysis in the cementless TKA design. The contribution of screw angles is difficult to prove., (Copyright © 2019 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)

Bone homeostasis, the balance of bone formation and resorption is affected by numerous influences, such as, hormones, inflammation, mechanical load, and external stimuli. The transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β), which exists in three isoforms in humans, is a major factor in the maintenance of this balance by regulating osteoblast and osteoclast maturation, development, and function. In artificial joint replacements, release of particles or ions from arthroplasties may exert local effects on the periprosthetic tissue and modulate the expression of bone specific genes and functions. Therefore, the influence of cobalt (II) and chromium (III) ions on the expression levels of the three TGF-β isoforms in human osteosarcoma cell lines MG63 and SaOs-2 was analyzed and the impact on mineralization was studied. The osteosarcoma cell lines expressed all three TGF-β isoforms, with TGF-β1 being the most abundant isoform. A dose dependent reduction of all TGF-β isoforms by Co 2+ ions was observed, the strongest effect was found on TGF-β2. The effect was lesser pronounced in SaOs-2 cells. However, the Cr 3+ ions had no significant effect on the expression of all TGF-β isoforms. In contrast, Co 2+ ions in a concentration range of 50-250 µM did not impair the mineralization, but Cr 3+ exerted a strong inhibitory effect on the mineralization in a dose dependent fashion. These data suggest that the influence of cobalt ions on bone homeostasis may in part result from the inhibitory effect on the transcription of the bone regulating cytokines TGF-β1-3 whereas the chromium ions affect the process of mineralization. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 106A: 2105-2115, 2018., (© 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.)

Background and purpose - Aseptic loosening is a major cause of failure in total ankle arthroplasty (TAA). In contrast to other total joint replacements, large periarticular cysts (ballooning osteolysis) have frequently been observed in this context. We investigated periprosthetic tissue responses in failed TAA, and performed an element analysis of retrieved tissues in failed TAA. Patients and methods - The study cohort consisted of 71 patients undergoing revision surgery for failed TAA, all with hydroxyapatite-coated implants. In addition, 5 patients undergoing primary TAA served as a control group. Radiologically, patients were classified into those with ballooning osteolysis and those without, according to defined criteria. Histomorphometric, immunohistochemical, and elemental analysis of tissues was performed. Von Kossa staining and digital microscopy was performed on all tissue samples. Results - Patients without ballooning osteolysis showed a generally higher expression of lymphocytes, and CD3+, CD11c+, CD20+, and CD68+ cells in a perivascular distribution, compared to diffuse expression. The odds of having ballooning osteolysis was 300 times higher in patients with calcium content >0.5 mg/g in periprosthetic tissue than in patients with calcium content ≤0.5 mg/g (p < 0.001). Interpretation - There have been very few studies investigating the pathomechanisms of failed TAA and the cause-effect nature of ballooning osteolysis in this context. Our data suggest that the hydroxyapatite coating of the implant may be a contributory factor.

In this work, we characterize integrin CD11c (αXß2) expression in periprosthetic tissues of 45 hip revisions. Tissues were retrieved from 23 ceramic-on-ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE), 20 metal-on-UHMWPE, and 2 metal-on-metal total hip arthroplasties (THAs). Capsular tissue retrieved during primary THA from 19 patients served as controls. We identified a system to identify important immunohistochemical markers that are expressed in aseptic loosening. We focused on CD11c, CD68 and CD14. We observed that the CD11c molecule possesses four different cellular patterns in the periprosthetic tissues. Three of them are associated with the occurrence of UHMWPE abrasive material. Double staining with CD14 and CD68 was used for a more detailed analysis of the CD11c expressing cells. We observed that all forms of CD11c positive cells are CD68 positive however, only two forms of CD11c expressing cells are positive for CD14. Providing cellular diversity of CD11c expression in periprosthetic tissue, our results provide a contribution toward the further understanding of different cellular mechanisms to foreign body material., (© 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.)

CXCR4, the chemokine receptor for CXCL12, also known as SDF-1 (stromal cell derived factor-1), has been shown to play a pivotal role in bone metastasis, inflammatory, and autoimmune conditions but has not been investigated in periprosthetic osteolysis. We co-cultured osteoblast-like cells with increasing concentrations of metallic (Co-35Ni-20Cr-10Mo and Co-28Cr-6Mo) and Co-ions simulating wear debris. Real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and Western blotting were used to quantify gene and protein expression of CXCR4. The expression of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) and the effects of AMD3100 (bicyclam) on both CXCR4 and TNF-α expression among these cells was investigated. RT-PCR showed an increase in CXCR4 mRNA (7.5-fold for MG63 and 4.0-fold for SaOs-2 cells) among cells co-cultured with metal alloy particles. Western blotting showed a time-dependent increase in protein expression of CXCR4. The attempted blockade of CXCR4 by its known competitive receptor agonist AMD3100 led to a significant inhibition TNF-α mRNA expression. Immunohistochemistry showed CXCR4 positivity among patients with failed metal-on-metal hip replacements and radiographic evidence of osteolysis. Our data collectively suggest that the CXCR4 chemokine is upregulated in a dose- and time-dependent manner in the presence of metallic wear debris., (© 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.)

Two-stage exchange arthroplasty is the current standard of care for arthroplasty-related infections. Reinfection rates up to 30% are reported, and there is significant morbidity for the patient. In cases of failure, arthrodesis or amputation may result. Ultrasonic treatment has the potential to eradicate biofilms and avoid two-stage exchange arthroplasty. Data in the specific context of arthroplasty infections is scant, and there is debate regarding optimal frequency and intensity of treatment. Surface topography alterations of the endoprosthetic components and damage to adjacent bone and cartilage have not been investigated. We found incomplete biofilm eradication and significant increase in surface roughness (maximum peak-to-valley height) of cobalt-chrome unicondylar knee components as well as reduction in articular cartilage thickness area from 10 retrieved femoral heads after low-frequency sonication treatment according to manufacturer-specified recommendations. Our data collectively suggest that sonication treatment for biofilm eradication in arthroplasty infections may not be effective and surface topography alterations may potentially reduce implant longevity., (© 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.)

Ceramic components in total knee arthroplasty (TKA) are evolving. We analyze the first case of BIOLOX delta ceramic femoral component fracture. A longitudinal midline fracture in the patellar groove was present, with an intact cement mantle and no bony defects. Fractographic analysis with laser scanning microscopy and white light interferometry showed no evidence of arrest lines, hackles, wake hackles, material flaws, fatigue or crack propagation. Analysis of periprosthetic tissues with Fourier-transform infrared (FT-IR) microscopy, contact radiography, histology, and subsequent digestion and high-speed centrifugation did not show ceramic debris. A macrophage-dominated response was present around polyethylene debris. We conclude that ceramic femoral component failure in this case was related to a traumatic event. Further research is needed to determine the suitability of ceramic components in TKA., (Copyright © 2014 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)

Sulforhodamine 101 (SR101) is a useful tool for immediate staining of astrocytes. We hypothesized that if the selectivity of SR101was maintained in astrocytoma cells, it could prove useful for glioma research. Cultured astrocytoma cells and acute slices from orthotopic human glioma (n=9) and lymphoma (n=6) xenografts were incubated with SR101 and imaged with confocal microscopy. A subset of slices (n=18) were counter-immunostained with glial fibrillary acidic protein and CD20 for stereological assessment of SR101 co-localization. SR101 differentiated astrocytic tumor cells from lymphoma cells. In acute slices, SR101 labeled 86.50% (±1.86; p<0.0001) of astrocytoma cells and 2.19% (±0.47; p<0.0001) of lymphoma cells. SR101-labeled astrocytoma cells had a distinct morphology when compared with in vivo astrocytes. Immediate imaging of human astrocytoma cells in vitro and in ex vivo rodent xenograft tissue labeled with SR101 can identify astrocytic tumor cells and help visualize the tumor margin. These features are useful in studying astrocytoma in the laboratory and may have clinical applications., (Copyright © 2014 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd.. All rights reserved.)

Glioblastoma is the most common primary brain tumor with a median 12- to 15-month patient survival. Improving patient survival involves better understanding the biological mechanisms of glioblastoma tumorigenesis and seeking targeted molecular therapies. Central to furthering these advances is the collection and storage of surgical biopsies (biobanking) for research. This paper addresses an imaging modality, confocal reflectance microscopy (CRM), for safely screening glioblastoma biopsy samples prior to biobanking to increase the quality of tissue provided for research and clinical trials. These data indicate that CRM can immediately identify cellularity of tissue biopsies from animal models of glioblastoma. When screening fresh human biopsy samples, CRM can differentiate a cellular glioblastoma biopsy from a necrotic biopsy without altering DNA, RNA, or protein expression of sampled tissue. These data illustrate CRM's potential for rapidly and safely screening clinical biopsy samples prior to biobanking, which demonstrates its potential as an effective screening technique that can improve the quality of tissue biobanked for patients with glioblastoma.

Large-diameter metal-on-metal (MoM) bearings evolved from the success of hip resurfacing. These implants were used in revision surgery in cases with well-fixed acetabular cups but loose or failed femoral stems, to avoid cup revision. Early data showed low rates of dislocation and potentially low wear profiles due to better fluid film lubrication. The risk of impingement was also thought to be low due to the increased head-neck ratio. Subsequently large-diameter MoM heads gained popularity in primary hip replacement. Recent data has emerged on the unacceptably high revision rates among patients with large-diameter MoM total hip arthroplasties (THAs), high blood levels of metal ions, and adverse tissue reactions. The head-neck (cone-taper) modular interface probably represents the weak link in large metal heads that have been used on conventional tapers. Increased torque of the large head, micromotion, and instability at the cone-taper interface, synergistic interactions between corrosion and wear, edge loading, low clearance, and psoas impingement are the likely causes for early failure of these prostheses., (Copyright © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.)

Background and Purpose: Quantifying MVA rather than MVD provides better correlation with survival in HGG. This is attributed to a specific "glomeruloid" vascular pattern, which is better characterized by vessel area than number. Despite its prognostic value, MVA quantification is laborious and clinically impractical. The DSC-MR imaging measure of rCBV offers the advantages of speed and convenience to overcome these limitations; however, clinical use of this technique depends on establishing accurate correlations between rCBV, MVA, and MVD, particularly in the setting of heterogeneous vascular size inherent to human HGG., Materials and Methods: We obtained preoperative 3T DSC-MR imaging in patients with HGG before stereotactic surgery. We histologically quantified MVA, MVD, and vascular size heterogeneity from CD34-stained 10-μm sections of stereotactic biopsies, and we coregistered biopsy locations with localized rCBV measurements. We statistically correlated rCBV, MVA, and MVD under conditions of high and low vascular-size heterogeneity and among tumor grades. We correlated all parameters with OS by using Cox regression., Results: We analyzed 38 biopsies from 24 subjects. rCBV correlated strongly with MVA (r = 0.83, P < .0001) but weakly with MVD (r = 0.32, P = .05), due to microvessel size heterogeneity. Among samples with more homogeneous vessel size, rCBV correlation with MVD improved (r = 0.56, P = .01). OS correlated with both rCBV (P = .02) and MVA (P = .01) but not with MVD (P = .17)., Conclusions: rCBV provides a reliable estimation of tumor MVA as a biomarker of glioma outcome. rCBV poorly estimates MVD in the presence of vessel size heterogeneity inherent to human HGG.

Gene expression-based prediction of genomic copy number aberrations in the chromosomal region 12q13 to 12q15 that is flanked by MDM2 and CDK4 identified Wnt inhibitory factor 1 (WIF1) as a candidate tumor suppressor gene in glioblastoma. WIF1 encodes a secreted Wnt antagonist and was strongly downregulated in most glioblastomas as compared with normal brain, implying deregulation of Wnt signaling, which is associated with cancer. WIF1 silencing was mediated by deletion (7/69, 10%) or epigenetic silencing by promoter hypermethylation (29/110, 26%). Co-amplification of MDM2 and CDK4 that is present in 10% of glioblastomas was associated in most cases with deletion of the whole genomic region enclosed, including the WIF1 locus. This interesting pathogenetic constellation targets the RB and p53 tumor suppressor pathways in tandem, while simultaneously activating oncogenic Wnt signaling. Ectopic expression of WIF1 in glioblastoma cell lines revealed a dose-dependent decrease of Wnt pathway activity. Furthermore, WIF1 expression inhibited cell proliferation in vitro, reduced anchorage-independent growth in soft agar, and completely abolished tumorigenicity in vivo. Interestingly, WIF1 overexpression in glioblastoma cells induced a senescence-like phenotype that was dose dependent. These results provide evidence that WIF1 has tumor suppressing properties. Downregulation of WIF1 in 75% of glioblastomas indicates frequent involvement of aberrant Wnt signaling and, hence, may render glioblastomas sensitive to inhibitors of Wnt signaling, potentially by diverting the tumor cells into a senescence-like state.

By combining carrier-envelope phase (CEP) stable light fields and the traditional method of optical pump-probe spectroscopy we study electron localization in dissociating H2(+) molecular ions. Localization and localizability of electrons is observed to strongly depend on the time delay between the two CEP-stable laser pulses with a characteristic periodicity corresponding to the oscillating molecular wave packet. Variation of the pump-probe delay time allows us to uncover the underlying physical mechanism for electron localization, which are two distinct sets of interfering dissociation channels that exhibit specific temporal signatures in their asymmetry response.

Background and Purpose: Relative cerebral blood volume (rCBV) accuracy can vary substantially depending on the dynamic susceptibility-weighted contrast-enhanced (DSC) acquisition and postprocessing methods, due to blood-brain barrier disruption and resulting T1-weighted leakage and T2- and/or T2*-weighted imaging (T2/T2*WI) residual effects. We set out to determine optimal DSC conditions that address these errors and maximize rCBV accuracy in differentiating posttreatment radiation effect (PTRE) and tumor., Materials and Methods: We recruited patients with previously treated high-grade gliomas undergoing image-guided re-resection of recurrent contrast-enhancing MR imaging lesions. Thirty-six surgical tissue samples were collected from 11 subjects. Preoperative 3T DSC used 6 sequential evenly timed acquisitions, each by using a 0.05-mmol/kg gadodiamide bolus. Preload dosing (PLD) and baseline subtraction (BLS) techniques corrected T1-weighted leakage and T2/T2*WI residual effects, respectively. PLD amount and incubation time increased with each sequential acquisition. Corresponding tissue specimen stereotactic locations were coregistered to DSC to measure localized rCBV under varying PLD amounts, incubation times, and the presence of BLS. rCBV thresholds were determined to maximize test accuracy (average of sensitivity and specificity) in distinguishing tumor (n = 21) and PTRE (n = 15) samples under the varying conditions. Receiver operator characteristic (ROC) areas under the curve (AUCs) were statistically compared., Results: The protocol that combined PLD (0.1-mmol/kg amount, 6-minute incubation time) and BLS correction methods maximized test AUC (0.99) and accuracy (95.2%) compared with uncorrected rCBV AUC (0.85) and accuracy (81.0%) measured without PLD and BLS (P = .01)., Conclusions: Combining PLD and BLS correction methods for T1-weighted and T2/T2*WI errors, respectively, enables highly accurate differentiation of PTRE and tumor growth.

Fully differential data for H2 dissociation in ultrashort (6 fs, 760 nm), linearly polarized, intense (0.44 PW/cm{2}) laser pulses with a stabilized carrier-envelope phase (CEP) were recorded with a reaction microscope. Depending on the CEP, the molecular orientation, and the kinetic energy release (KER), we find asymmetric proton emission at low KERs (0-3 eV), basically predicted by Roudnev and Esry, and much stronger than reported by Kling et al. Wave packet propagation calculations reproduce the salient features and discard, together with the observed KER-independent electron asymmetry, the first ionization step to be the reason for the asymmetric proton emission.

Background and Purpose: Differentiating tumor growth from posttreatment radiation effect (PTRE) remains a common problem in neuro-oncology practice. To our knowledge, useful threshold relative cerebral blood volume (rCBV) values that accurately distinguish the 2 entities do not exist. Our prospective study uses image-guided neuronavigation during surgical resection of MR imaging lesions to correlate directly specimen histopathology with localized dynamic susceptibility-weighted contrast-enhanced perfusion MR imaging (DSC) measurements and to establish accurate rCBV threshold values, which differentiate PTRE from tumor recurrence., Materials and Methods: Preoperative 3T gradient-echo DSC and contrast-enhanced stereotactic T1-weighted images were obtained in patients with high-grade glioma (HGG) previously treated with multimodality therapy. Intraoperative neuronavigation documented the stereotactic location of multiple tissue specimens taken randomly from the periphery of enhancing MR imaging lesions. Coregistration of DSC and stereotactic images enabled calculation of localized rCBV within the previously recorded specimen locations. All tissue specimens were histopathologically categorized as tumor or PTRE and were correlated with corresponding rCBV values. All rCBV values were T1-weighted leakage-corrected with preload contrast-bolus administration and T2/T2*-weighted leakage-corrected with baseline subtraction integration., Results: Forty tissue specimens were collected from 13 subjects. The PTRE group (n = 16) rCBV values ranged from 0.21 to 0.71, tumor (n = 24) values ranged from 0.55 to 4.64, and 8.3% of tumor rCBV values fell within the PTRE group range. A threshold value of 0.71 optimized differentiation of the histopathologic groups with a sensitivity of 91.7% and a specificity of 100%., Conclusions: rCBV measurements obtained by using DSC and the protocol we have described can differentiate HGG recurrence from PTRE with a high degree of accuracy.

We report on a real-time imaging of the ultrafast D(+)2 rovibrational nuclear wave-packet motion performed using a combination of a pump-probe setup with 7 fs laser pulses and a "reaction-microscope" spectrometer. We observe fast dephasing (collapse) of the vibrational wave packet and its subsequent revival and prove rotational excitation in ultrashort laser pulses. Channel-selective Fourier analysis of the wave packet's long-term (approximately 3000 fs) evolution allows us to resolve its individual constituents, revealing unique information on the mechanisms of strong-field ionization and dissociation.