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116. Associations between socioeconomic status, psychosocial stress, and urinary levels of 8-iso-prostaglandin-F2α during pregnancy in Puerto Rico

Author

Eick, Stephanie M., primary, Meeker, John D., additional, Brown, Phil, additional, Swartzendruber, Andrea, additional, Rios-McConnell, Rafael, additional, Shen, Ye, additional, Milne, Ginger L., additional, Vélez Vega, Carmen, additional, Rosario, Zaira, additional, Alshawabkeh, Akram, additional, Cordero, José F., additional, and Ferguson, Kelly K., additional

Published
2019
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117. Urinary concentrations of Bisphenol A and phthalate metabolites measured during pregnancy and risk of preeclampsia

Author

Cantonwine, David E., Meeker, John D., Ferguson, Kelly K., Mukherjee, Bhramar, Hauser, Russ, and McElrath, Thomas F.

Subjects
Bisphenol-A -- Health aspects -- Environmental aspects -- Research, Preeclampsia -- Health aspects -- Risk factors -- Environmental aspects -- Research, Phthalates -- Health aspects -- Environmental aspects -- Research, Environmental issues, Health
Abstract

Background: Preeclampsia represents a major cause of maternal mortality and morbidity worldwide. Although it is known that the placenta plays a central role in development of preeclampsia, investigation into the contribution of environmental toxicants to the risk of preeclampsia has been sparse. Objectives: In the present study we examined the relationship between longitudinally measured urinary BPA and phthalate metabolite concentrations during gestation and preeclampsia. Methods: A nested case-control study of preterm birth was performed in 2011 from women enrolled in a prospective birth cohort study at Brigham and Women's Hospital in Boston. There were 50 cases of preeclampsia as part of this study. Urine samples were analyzed for concentrations of BPA and nine phthalate metabolites several times during pregnancy. Adjusted Cox proportional hazard models were used to calculate hazard ratios of preeclampsia in association with an interquartile range increase in BPA and phthalate concentrations and were weighted to reflect results generalizable to the base population. RESULTS: Adjusted hazard ratios indicated that an interquartile range increase of urinary concentrations of BPA (1.53; 95% CI: 1.04, 2.25) and MEP (monoethyl phthalate) (1.72; 95% CI: 1.28, 2.30) at 10 weeks gestation was associated with onset of preeclampsia, whereas significantly elevated hazard ratios were found across gestation for all DEHP [di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate] metabolites. These relationships differed based on infant sex. CONCLUSIONS: Urinary concentrations of BPA and several phthalate metabolites were significantly associated with increased risk of preeclampsia. If validated, these results indicate an environmental contribution of endocrine-disrupting chemicals to preeclampsia and suggest a modifiable means to reduce the mortality and morbidity associated with this condition. http://dx.doi.org/10.1289/EHP188, Introduction Preeclampsia (PE) is characterized by new-onset or worsening hypertension and significant proteinuria after 20 weeks of gestation and still represents a major cause of preterm birth and maternal mortality/morbidity [...]

Published
2016
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118. Organophosphate Pesticide Exposure in Pregnancy in Association with Ultrasound and Delivery Measures of Fetal Growth

Author

Ferguson, Kelly K., van den Dries, Michiel A., Gaillard, Romy, Pronk, Anjoeka, Spaan, Suzanne, Tiemeier, Henning, and Jaddoe, Vincent W.V.

Subjects
Phosphates -- Analysis -- Research -- Measurement, Pesticides -- Analysis -- Measurement -- Research -- Growth, Delivery (Childbirth) -- Research -- Measurement -- Analysis -- Growth, Metabolites -- Measurement -- Analysis -- Growth -- Research, Fetal development -- Growth, Pregnant women -- Research -- Measurement -- Analysis, Time, Childhood, Health, Company growth, Environmental issues, Health
Abstract

Background: Perturbations in fetal growth may have adverse consequences for childhood and later life health. Organophosphate pesticide (OP) exposure has been associated with reduced birth weight at delivery but results are not consistent. We investigated this question by utilizing ultrasound measures of size in utero in combination with measures from delivery. Methods: Within Generation R, a population-based prospective cohort conducted between 2002 and 2006 in Rotterdam, Netherlands, we measured dialkyl phosphates (DAPs), OP metabolites, in urine samples from early, middle, and late pregnancy and created a subject-specific average to estimate OP exposure (n = 784). Ultrasound measures of head circumference, femur length, and estimated fetal weight from middle and late pregnancy and delivery measures were converted to standard deviation scores (SDS). Associations with DAP average were examined in linear mixed effects models that included an interaction term between gestational age at measurement and DAP average to investigate whether the relationship differed over time. Windows of vulnerability to exposure were assessed by modeling urinary DAPs from each visit in relation to growth measurements. Results: A 10-fold increase in average DAPs was associated with a -0.53 SDS decrease in fetal length (95% CI = - 0.83, -0.23) and a -0.32 SDS decrease in estimated fetal weight (95% CI = - 0.59, -0.04) at 20 weeks of gestation. These differences corresponded to 5% and 6% decreases relative to the mean. Effect estimates were greatest in magnitude for DAP concentrations measured early in pregnancy. Associations between average DAPs and growth measures at delivery were positive but not significant for head circumference and length and were null for weight. Conclusions: Maternal urinary DAPs were associated with decreased fetal weight and length measured during mid- pregnancy, but not at delivery. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP4858, Introduction Perturbations in normal fetal growth are linked to numerous adverse health outcomes both in childhood (Miller et al. 2016) and later life (Barker 2006). Suboptimal fetal growth is classically [...]

Published
2019
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119. Urinary bisphenol A levels during pregnancy and risk of preterm birth

Author

Cantonwine, David E., Ferguson, Kelly K., Mukherjee, Bhramar, McElrath, Thomas F., and Meeker, John D.

Subjects
Premature infants -- Risk factors -- Research, Bisphenol-A -- Health aspects -- Research, Pregnant women -- Health aspects -- Research, Environmental issues, Health
Abstract

BACKGROUND: Preterm birth (PTB), a leading cause of infant mortality and morbidity, has a complex etiology with a multitude of interacting causes and risk factors. The role of environmental contaminants, particularly bisphenol A (BPA), is understudied with regard to PTB. OBJECTIVES: In the present study we examined the relationship between longitudinally measured BPA exposure during gestation and PTB. METHODS: A nested case-control study was performed from women enrolled in a prospective birth cohort study at Brigham and Women's Hospital in Boston, Massachusetts, during 2006-2008. Urine samples were analyzed for BPA concentrations at a minimum of three time points during pregnancy on 130 cases of PTB and 352 randomly assigned controls. Clinical classifications of PTB were defined as 'spontaneous,' which was preceded by spontaneous preterm labor or preterm premature rupture of membranes, or 'placental,' which was preceded by preeclampsia or intrauterine growth restriction. RESULTS: Geometric mean concentrations of BPA did not differ significantly between cases and controls. In adjusted models, urinary BPA averaged across pregnancy was not significantly associated with PTB. When examining clinical classifications of PTB, urinary BPA late in pregnancy was significantly associated with increased odds of delivering a spontaneous PTB. After stratification on infant's sex, averaged BPA exposure during pregnancy was associated with significantly increased odds of being delivered preterm among females, but not males. CONCLUSIONS: These results provide little evidence of a relationship between BPA and prematurity, though further research may be warranted given the generalizability of participant recruitment from a tertiary teaching hospital, limited sample size, and significant associations among females and within the clinical subcategories of PTB. http://dx.doi.org/10.1289/ehp.1408126, Introduction Preterm birth (PTB), defined as delivery before 37 weeks completed gestation, is a leading cause of infant mortality and significant precursor to future morbidity. Overall rates of PTB in [...]

Published
2015
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120. Urinary phthalate metabolites and biomarkers of oxidative stress in pregnant women: a repeated measures analysis

Author

Ferguson, Kelly K., McElrath, Thomas F., Chen, Yin-Hsiu, Mukherjee, Bhramar, and Meeker, John D.

Subjects
Oxidative stress -- Analysis -- Physiological aspects -- Genetic aspects -- Research, Dioctyl phthalate -- Analysis -- Health aspects -- Research, Pregnant women -- Analysis -- Health aspects, Biological markers -- Analysis -- Usage, Environmental issues, Health
Abstract

Background: Phthalate exposure occurs readily in the environment and has been associated with an array of health end points, including adverse birth outcomes. Some of these may be mediated by oxidative stress, a proposed mechanism for phthalate action. OBJECTIVES: In the present study, we explored the associations between phthalate metabolites and biomarkers of oxidative stress measured in urine samples from multiple time points during pregnancy. METHODS: Women were participants in a nested case-control study of preterm birth (n = 130 cases, n = 352 controls). Each was recruited early in pregnancy and followed until delivery, providing urine samples at up to four visits. Nine phthalate metabolites were measured to assess exposure, and 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine and 8-isoprostane were also measured in urine as markers of oxidative stress. Associations were assessed using linear mixed models to account for intra-individual correlation, with inverse selection probability weightings based on case status to allow for greater generalizability. RESULTS: Interquartile range increases in phthalate metabolites were associated with significantly higher concentrations of both biomarkers. Estimated differences were greater in association with monobenzyl phthalate (MBzP), mono-n-butyl phthalate (MBP), and monoisobutyl phthalate (MiBP), compared with di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) metabolites. CONCLUSIONS: Urinary phthalate metabolites were associated with increased oxidative stress biomarkers in our study population of pregnant women. These relationships may be particularly relevant to the study of birth outcomes linked to phthalate exposure. Although replication is necessary in other populations, these results may also be of great importance for a range of other health outcomes associated with phthalates. http://dx.doi.org/10.1289/ehp.1307996, Introduction Phthalate diesters are used as plasticizers and solvents in a variety of consumer products, and can readily enter human systems through ingestion, inhalation, and dermal absorption (Agency for Toxic [...]

Published
2015
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132. Maternal urinary phthalate metabolites in relation to gestational diabetes and glucose intolerance during pregnancy

Author

Shaffer, Rachel M., primary, Ferguson, Kelly K., additional, Sheppard, Lianne, additional, James-Todd, Tamarra, additional, Butts, Samantha, additional, Chandrasekaran, Suchitra, additional, Swan, Shanna H., additional, Barrett, Emily S., additional, Nguyen, Ruby, additional, Bush, Nicole, additional, McElrath, Thomas F., additional, and Sathyanarayana, Sheela, additional

Published
2019
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